Feasibility Study for Multiply Reusable Space Launch System
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Master Table of All Deep Space, Lunar, and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 Official Name Spacecraft / 1958 “Pioneer” Mass[Luna] No
Deep Space Chronicle: Master Table of All Deep Space, Lunar, and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 Official Spacecraft / Mass Launch Date / Launch Place / Launch Vehicle / Nation / Design & Objective Outcome* Name No. Time Pad No. Organization Operation 1958 “Pioneer” Able 1 38 kg 08-17-58 / 12:18 ETR / 17A Thor-Able I / 127 U.S. AFBMD lunar orbit U [Luna] Ye-1 / 1 c. 360 kg 09-23-58 / 09:03:23 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-3 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact U Pioneer Able 2 38.3 kg 10-11-58 / 08:42:13 ETR / 17A Thor-Able I / 130 U.S. NASA / AFBMD lunar orbit U [Luna] Ye-1 / 2 c. 360 kg 10-11-58 / 23:41:58 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-4 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact U Pioneer 2 Able 3 39.6 kg 11-08-58 / 07:30 ETR / 17A Thor-Able I / 129 U.S. NASA / AFBMD lunar orbit U [Luna] Ye-1 / 3 c. 360 kg 12-04-58 / 18:18:44 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-5 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact U Pioneer 3 - 5.87 kg 12-06-58 / 05:44:52 ETR / 5 Juno II / AM-11 U.S. NASA / ABMA lunar flyby U 1959 Luna 1 Ye-1 / 4 361.3 kg 01-02-59 / 16:41:21 NIIP-5 / 1 Luna / B1-6 USSR OKB-1 lunar impact P Master Table of All Deep Space, Lunar, andPlanetary Probes1958–2000 ofAllDeepSpace,Lunar, Master Table Pioneer 4 - 6.1 kg 03-03-59 / 05:10:45 ETR / 5 Juno II / AM-14 U.S. -
Collezione Per Genova
1958-1978: 20 anni di sperimentazioni spaziali in Occidente La collezione copre il ventennio 1958-1978 che è stato particolarmente importante nella storia della esplorazio- ne spaziale, in quanto ha posto le basi delle conoscenze tecnico-scientifiche necessarie per andare nello spa- zio in sicurezza e per imparare ad utilizzare le grandi potenzialità offerte dallo spazio per varie esigenze civili e militari. Nel clima di guerra fredda, lo spazio è stato fin dai primi tempi, utilizzato dagli Americani per tenere sotto con- trollo l’avversario e le sue dotazioni militari, in risposta ad analoghe misure adottate dai Sovietici. Per preparare le missioni umane nello spazio, era indispensabile raccogliere dati e conoscenze sull’alta atmo- sfera e sulle radiazioni che si incontrano nello spazio che circonda la Terra. Dopo la sfida lanciata da Kennedy, gli Americani dovettero anche prepararsi allo sbarco dell’uomo sulla Luna ed intensificarono gli sforzi per conoscere l’ambiente lunare. Fin dai primi anni, le sonde automatiche fecero compiere progressi giganteschi alla conoscenza del sistema solare. Ben presto si imparò ad utilizzare i satelliti per la comunicazione intercontinentale e il supporto alla navigazio- ne, per le previsioni meteorologiche, per l’osservazione della Terra. La Collezione testimonia anche i primi tentativi delle nuove “potenze spaziali” che si avvicinano al nuovo mon- do dei satelliti, che inizialmente erano monopolio delle due Superpotenze URSS e USA. L’Italia, con San Mar- co, diventò il terzo Paese al mondo a lanciare un proprio satellite e allestì a Malindi la prima base equatoriale, che fu largamente utilizzata dalla NASA. Alla fine degli anni ’60 anche l’Europa entrò attivamente nell’arena spaziale, lanciando i propri satelliti scientifici e di telecomunicazione dalla propria base equatoriale di Kourou. -
Call for M5 Missions
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use M5 Call - Technical Annex Prepared by SCI-F Reference ESA-SCI-F-ESTEC-TN-2016-002 Issue 1 Revision 0 Date of Issue 25/04/2016 Status Issued Document Type Distribution ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Table of contents: 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Scope of document ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Reference documents .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 List of acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2 General Guidelines ................................................................................................................ 6 3 Analysis of some potential mission profiles ........................................................................... 7 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Current European launchers ........................................................................................................................................... -
Superalloy Metallurgy a Gleeble Study Of
SUPERALLOY METALLURGY A GLEEBLE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRACTURE IN INCONEL 601 A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Materials Engineering by Alan C Demmons June 2016 © 2016 Alan C Demmons ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Superalloy Metallurgy A Gleeble Study Of Environmental Fracture In Inconel 601 AUTHOR: Alan C Demmons DATE SUBMITTED: June 2016 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Dan Walsh, Ph.D. Professor of Materials Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Robert Crockett, Ph.D. Professor of Biomedical Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Lanny Griffin, Ph.D. Professor of Biomedical Engineering iii ABSTRACT Superalloy Metallurgy a Gleeble Study of Environmental Fracture in Inconel 601 Alan Demmons At temperatures above 0.5 Tm and in aggressive atmospheres predicting alloy performance is particularly challenging. Nickel alloys used in regimes where microstructure and properties are altered dynamically present unique requirements. Exposure may alter properties with unexpected early failure. The Gleeble is a valuable tool for investigation and simulation of thermo-mechanical properties of an alloy in various regimes up to the threshold of melting. In this study, four regimes of temperature and strain rate were simulated in an argon atmosphere to both investigate and document normal and abnormal failure modes. Commercial Inconel 601 was tested in selected regimes and in two treatments (as received and strain aged). Next two exposed conditions (TEOS and Hydride) were tested. Slow strain-rate and high temperature produced brittle intergranular fracture. Exposure at elevated temperature to process gases reduced both strength and ductility in both TEOS and Hydride. -
A Perspective on the Design and Development of the Spacex Dragon Spacecraft Heatshield
A Perspective on the Design and Development of the SpaceX Dragon Spacecraft Heatshield by Daniel J. Rasky, PhD Senior Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center Director, Space Portal, NASA Research Park Moffett Field, CA 94035 (650) 604-1098 / [email protected] February 28, 2012 2 How Did SpaceX Do This? Recovered Dragon Spacecraft! After a “picture perfect” first flight, December 8, 2010 ! 3 Beginning Here? SpaceX Thermal Protection Systems Laboratory, Hawthorne, CA! “Empty Floor Space” December, 2007! 4 Some Necessary Background: Re-entry Physics • Entry Physics Elements – Ballistic Coefficient – Blunt vs sharp nose tip – Entry angle/heating profile – Precision landing reqr. – Ablation effects – Entry G’loads » Blunt vs Lifting shapes – Lifting Shapes » Volumetric Constraints » Structure » Roll Control » Landing Precision – Vehicle flight and turn-around requirements Re-entry requires specialized design and expertise for the Thermal Protection Systems (TPS), and is critical for a successful space vehicle 5 Reusable vs. Ablative Materials 6 Historical Perspective on TPS: The Beginnings • Discipline of TPS began during World War II (1940’s) – German scientists discovered V2 rocket was detonating early due to re-entry heating – Plywood heatshields improvised on the vehicle to EDL solve the heating problem • X-15 Era (1950’s, 60’s) – Vehicle Inconel and Titanium metallic structure protected from hypersonic heating AVCOAT » Spray-on silicone based ablator for acreage » Asbestos/silicone moldable TPS for leading edges – Spray-on silicone ablator -
Investigation of Condensed and Early Stage Gas Phase Hypergolic Reactions Jacob Daniel Dennis Purdue University
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations Fall 2014 Investigation of condensed and early stage gas phase hypergolic reactions Jacob Daniel Dennis Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Propulsion and Power Commons Recommended Citation Dennis, Jacob Daniel, "Investigation of condensed and early stage gas phase hypergolic reactions" (2014). Open Access Dissertations. 256. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/256 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. i INVESTIGATION OF CONDENSED AND EARLY STAGE GAS PHASE HYPERGOLIC REACTIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Jacob Daniel Dennis In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii To my parents, Jay and Susan Dennis, who have always pushed me to be the person they know I am capable of being. Also to my wife, Claresta Dennis, who not only tolerated me but suffered along with me throughout graduate school. I love you and am so proud of you! iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Timothée Pourpoint, for guiding me over the past four years and helping me become the researcher that I am today. In addition I would like to thank the rest of my PhD Committee for the insight and guidance. I would also like to acknowledge the help provided by my fellow graduate students who spent time with me in the lab: Travis Kubal, Yair Solomon, Robb Janesheski, Jordan Forness, Jonathan Chrzanowski, Jared Willits, and Jason Gabl. -
Greetings Members and Friends of EAA Chapter 866
Dunn Airpark approx.. 1 mile west Landing This is Chain of Lakes Park behind Parrish Hospital. Dunn Airpark flyers take note, one of ours used this to land on NO damage done to plane or anything on the ground! Commendable! Greetings Members and Friends of EAA Chapter 866, Les Boatright Happy Early Independence Day!! I hope you all have a Happy, Safe, and Fun-Filled Fourth of July! With all the long hours of daylight, this is a great time of year to do some aviating, just make sure you steer clear of the “Bombs Bursting in Air” and other Independence Day Holiday Hazards. But most of all, don’t forget that we’ll be serving up some Firecracker Hot Flap-Jacks on the morning Saturday July 1st. I hope to see you all there! PANTHER UPDATE As most of you know, since the beginning of the year I’ve been working with two other chapter members, your V.P. Ed Brennan, and also Bob Rychel to build a Panther Light Sport Aircraft. One of the great things about building this airplane is the fact that it gives me something else to write about in the monthly chapter newsletter. That reminds me . You other builders out there who have some amazing projects underway, we’d love to read something about your projects too. Tell us how they’re coming along, and send a few pictures. I know there are at least a dozen active builder projects in our chapter right now with at least 3 that are close to being finished. -
Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals 2
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20140002716 2019-08-29T14:36:45+00:00Z Liquid Propulsion Systems – Evolution & Advancements Launch Vehicle Propulsion & Systems LPTC Liquid Propulsion Technical Committee Rick Ballard Liquid Engine Systems Lead SLS Liquid Engines Office NASA / MSFC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, unless for course participation and to a paid course student, in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of AIAA and/or course instructor. Contact the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Professional Development Program, Suite 500, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4344 Modules 1. Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals 2. LRE Applications 3. Liquid Propellants 4. Engine Power Cycles 5. Engine Components Module 1: Rocket Propulsion TOPICS Fundamentals • Thrust • Specific Impulse • Mixture Ratio • Isp vs. MR • Density vs. Isp • Propellant Mass vs. Volume Warning: Contents deal with math, • Area Ratio physics and thermodynamics. Be afraid…be very afraid… Terms A Area a Acceleration F Force (thrust) g Gravity constant (32.2 ft/sec2) I Impulse m Mass P Pressure Subscripts t Time a Ambient T Temperature c Chamber e Exit V Velocity o Initial state r Reaction ∆ Delta / Difference s Stagnation sp Specific ε Area Ratio t Throat or Total γ Ratio of specific heats Thrust (1/3) Rocket thrust can be explained using Newton’s 2nd and 3rd laws of motion. 2nd Law: a force applied to a body is equal to the mass of the body and its acceleration in the direction of the force. -
BAB II PENINGKATAN KAPABILITAS MILITER CHINA BAB II Akan
BAB II PENINGKATAN KAPABILITAS MILITER CHINA BAB II akan memberikan uraian penulis tentang peningkatan kapabilitas militer China dan ancaman bagi Jepang. Kapabilitas militer China tidak bisa diuraikan tanpa adanya proses-proses seperti Lompatan Jauh ke Depan, Revolusi Kebudayaan dan Reformasi Ekonomi. Keberhasilan reformasi ekonomi membuat GDP China semakin meningkat sehingga membuatnya mempunyai anggaran yang cukup untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas militernya. 2.1 Kebangkitan Ekonomi dan Sosial China RRC (Republik Rakyat China) pertama kali diproklamasikan oleh Mao Zedong pada 1 Oktober 1949 di lapangan Tiananmen. Pada masa pemerintahannya Mao menggunakan praktek Lompatan Jauh ke Depan dan Revolusi Kebudayaan. Praktek Lompatan Jauh ke Depan dilakukan Mao untuk meniru model pembangunan Uni Soviet agar terbentuk masyarakat yang terkonstruktur, tumbuhnya birokrasi dalam pemerintahan, organisasi militer profesional.1 Praktek Lompatan Jauh ke Depan dan Revolusi Kebudayaan yang dilakukan oleh Mao tersebut mengalami kegagalan. Kegagalan tersebut kemudian membuat China melakukan reformasi ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh Deng Xiaoping. Reformasi yang dilakukan oleh Deng membuat perekonomian China 1Mao Zedong 1893-19, diakses pada http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mao_zedong.shtml (10/09/2016. 00:07 WIB) 21 meningkat dan juga China lebih terbuka dalam melakukan kerjasama dengan negara lain.2 2.1.1 Lompatan Jauh ke Depan Lompatan Jauh ke Depan (The Great Leap Forward) terjadi pada tahun 1958 merupakan kampanye yang bertujuan untuk membangkitkan ekonomi China melalui industrialisasi secara besar-besaran dibidang industri baja sebagai prioritas utama. Secara prinsip, Mao ingin meningkatkan produksi baja, industri ringan, dan konstruksi secara besar-besaran serta pengerahan tenaga rakyat secara besar-besaran. Rakyat disatukan menjadi komune dan disalurkan untuk bekerja di pabrik-pabrik pemerintahan. -
The Space Elevator Development Program
55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 - Vancouver, Canada IAC-04-IAA.3.8.2.01 THE SPACE ELEVATOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Bradley C. Edwards Carbon Designs, Inc., United States [email protected] ABSTRACT For 40 years, the space elevator has been a concept in science fiction and appearing occasionally in technical journals. Versions of the space elevator concept have generally been megalithic in design. However, recent advances in technology and new designs for an initial space elevator have presented a much smaller and a more realistic version that has created a renewed interest in serious technical study. There are now over a dozen entities and hundreds of engineers and scientists with active research related to the space elevator. The activity includes conferences, engineering competitions, extensive media coverage, international collaborations, publications and private investment. These activities are rapidly expanding with the number of publications in 2004 nearly ten times the total for the prior forty years. INTRODUCTION The space elevator concept has been around for spacecraft, the power delivery system, many years (Tower of Babel, Jack and the challenges to the system, etc. Beanstalk, Clarke’s Fountains of Paradise, Robinson’s Red Mars) and between 1960 and The basic design presented in the NIAC work 1999 a few technical studies addressed the has stressed simplicity – a single, small, static basics of the system (Moravec, 1977; Isaacs, ribbon with mechanical climbers that ascend 1966; Pearson, 1975; Smitherman, 2000). These using conventional electric motors (figure 1). studies addressed the oscillations inherit in the The design implements conventional technology system, the taper requirements, and the general with little or no development wherever possible. -
Stable Orbits of Rigid, Rotating, Precessing, Massive Rings
Stable Orbits of Rigid, Rotating, Precessing, Massive Rings Edward D. Rippert Whitehawk Systems, 3 Whitehawk Circle, Boise, ID, 83716, USA. [email protected] The dynamics of a rigid, rotating, precessing, massive ring orbiting a point mass within the perimeter of the ring are considered. It is demonstrated that orbits dynamically stable against perturbations in three dimensions exist for a range of rigid body rotation parameters of the ring. Previous analysis and some well-known works of fiction have considered the stability of both rigid and flexible, non-precessing ring systems and found that they are unstable in the plane of the ring unless an active stabilization system is employed. There does not appear to be any analyses previously published considering rigid body precession of such a system or that demonstrate passive stability in three dimensions. Deviations from perfect rigidity and possible applications of such a system are discussed. Keywords: Orbital Ring, Ring World, Stability, Precession, Magic Angle I. Introduction Solid rings rotating about a central mass have been considered for various applications ranging from a ring of geosynchronous satellites around the Earth [1] (Polyakov-Ring) to fictional accounts of a gigantic artificial habitat around a star rotating to provide artificial gravity [2] (Niven-Ring). A Polyakov-Ring rotates at or slightly above the orbital speed at its distance from the central mass. As such it lacks significant tension on the ring and is a flexible structure. It has been shown that such a structure is unstable against perturbations in the plane of the ring but can be stabilized by a feedback control system controlling the local length of ring segments [3]. -
PERSEVERANCE: Rocketing to Mars with STEM
PERSEVERANCE: Rocketing to Mars with STEM GRADE LEVELS MISSION This activity is appropriate for grades 3-8. Design fins for a foam rocket. VOCABULARY MATERIALS LAUNCH VEHICLE: A launch vehicle provides the velocity » 30 cm piece of polyethylene foam pipe insulation needed by a spacecraft to escape Earth’s gravity and set it (for 1/2” size pipe) on its course for space exploration. » Rubber band (size 64) TRAJECTORY: The path followed by a projectile flying or » Duct tape an object moving under the action of given forces. » Scissors » Meter stick/ruler » Two 4x6 index cards ABOUT THIS ACTIVITY On July 30, 2020, at 4:50 a.m., an Atlas V-541 rocket was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. The Atlas V is one of the largest rockets available for interplanetary flight and delivering things into space. The rocket departed Earth at a speed of about 24,600 mph (about 39,600 kph). Its launch was the start of the mission to deliver the Mars rover, Perseverance. After six-and-a-half months and about 300 million miles (480 million kilometers), the rover will reach Mars and land on the 28-mile-wide Jezero Crater (Feb. 18, 2021). Once the rover reaches Mars, its mission will be to look for signs of ancient life and collect samples of rock and soil. However, the rover could not do all of this important data collection without an energy source to power it. Idaho National Laboratory is playing a major role in powering Perseverance. INL’s Space Nuclear Power and Isotope Technologies Division assembles and tests Radioisotope Power Systems.