Das Sprachsystem Der Naxi

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Das Sprachsystem Der Naxi Das Sprachsystem der Naxi Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Passau vorgelegt von Zhijun Wu Passau Juli. 2016 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ..................................................................................................................... iii Abbildungsverzeichnis ........................................................................................................................ v 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Die Naxi .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Historischer Überblick ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3. Aufbau der Arbeit .................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. Feldforschungen ..................................................................................................................... 9 2. Die Sprache ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1. Klassifikation .......................................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Unterteilung ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.3. Phonologie ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.3.1. Die Silbenstruktur ..................................................................................................... 14 2.3.2. Onset .......................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.2.1. Die pränasalisierten Konsonanten ............................................................ 15 2.3.2.2. Die Fließlaute ............................................................................................... 21 2.3.2.3. Die labiodentalen Frikative ......................................................................... 22 2.3.2.4. Die velaren Frikative .................................................................................... 23 2.3.3. Reim ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.3.1. Vokale ............................................................................................................ 24 2.3.3.2. Die silbischen Konsonanten ....................................................................... 25 2.3.3.3. Die Nasalvokale ........................................................................................... 30 2.3.3.4. Reime der Lehnwörter ................................................................................. 31 2.3.4. Ton .............................................................................................................................. 32 2.3.4.1. Entstehung .................................................................................................... 33 2.3.4.2. Notation und Identifikation .......................................................................... 34 2.3.4.3. Suprasegmentale Merkmale ...................................................................... 37 2.3.4.4. Suprasegmentalia vs. Segmentalia........................................................... 40 2.3.4.5. Registertöne ................................................................................................. 41 2.3.4.6. Konturtöne ..................................................................................................... 43 2.3.4.7. Wortbezogene Tonmuster .......................................................................... 47 2.4. Die Struktur der Grammatik ................................................................................................ 48 2.4.1. Person ........................................................................................................................ 48 2.4.2. Numerus .................................................................................................................... 50 2.4.3. Kasus ......................................................................................................................... 51 2.4.4. Komplemente ............................................................................................................ 55 2.4.5. Adverbialbestimmungen .......................................................................................... 56 2.4.6. Temporalität, Aktionsart und Modalität ................................................................. 57 2.4.6.1. Aktionsarten .................................................................................................. 57 2.4.6.2. Grammatikalisierung .................................................................................... 59 2.4.6.3. Realis vs. Irrealis .......................................................................................... 59 2.4.6.4. Imperativ ........................................................................................................ 61 2.4.6.5. Evidentialität ................................................................................................. 62 2.4.6.6. Interrogativ .................................................................................................... 62 2.4.7. Passiv ......................................................................................................................... 64 3. Die Schriften ..................................................................................................................................... 66 3.1. Die Ursprünge der Domba-Schrift ...................................................................................... 66 3.1.1. Die Spuren auf Hölzern und Steinen ..................................................................... 67 3.1.1.1. Die Spuren auf Hölzern ............................................................................... 67 3.1.1.2. Die Spuren auf Steinen ............................................................................... 68 3.1.2. Die Antworten der einschlägigen Literatur ........................................................... 71 3.1.3. Die Anhaltspunkte einer archäologischen Entdeckung ...................................... 73 3.2. Die Ursprünge der Geba-Schrift ......................................................................................... 74 3.3. Die Domba-Schrift ................................................................................................................ 75 3.3.1. Die Zeichen ............................................................................................................... 75 3.3.1.1. Logogramme ................................................................................................. 76 3.3.1.2. Die Aussprache der Domba-Schrift ........................................................... 80 3.3.1.3. Phonogramme .............................................................................................. 81 3.3.1.4. Ideo-Phonogramme ..................................................................................... 83 i 3.3.1.5. Ergänzungen ................................................................................................ 86 3.3.1.6. Lehnzeichen ................................................................................................. 88 3.3.2. Die Texte ................................................................................................................... 89 3.4. Die Geba-Schrift ................................................................................................................... 93 3.4.1. Die Zeichen ............................................................................................................... 94 3.4.1.1. Der Aufbau .................................................................................................... 94 3.4.1.2. Die Aussprache der Geba-Schrift .............................................................. 97 3.4.2. Die Texte ................................................................................................................... 98 3.5. Die Zahlen ............................................................................................................................ 100 3.6. Die übrigen Schriften der Naxi .......................................................................................... 104 3.7. Die anderen Schriften aus der Umgebung der Naxi ..................................................... 106 3.7.1. Die Schrift der Malimasa ....................................................................................... 106 3.7.2. Die Bambusschrift der Lisu ................................................................................... 108 3.7.3. Die Moso und die Daba-Schriften ........................................................................ 111 3.7.4. Die Saba-Schrift der Ersu ..................................................................................... 112 3.8. Die Manuskripte .................................................................................................................. 115
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