Expert Statement on the Environmental Impact Study on Npp Paks Ii
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Expert Opinion on Environmental Impact Assessment Report NPP PAKS II EXPERT STATEMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY ON NPP PAKS II ENCO Erstellt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft Abteilung I/6 Allgemeine Koordination von Nuklearangelegenheiten GZ BMLFUW.1.1.2/0010-I/6/2015 REPORT REP-0533 Vienna 2015 Project management Franz Meister, Umweltbundesamt Prepared/Revised by O. Velicu, ENCO T. Szikszai, ENCO Reviewed by I. Svyetlov, ENCO Approved by B. Tomic, ENCO Layout and typesetting Elisabeth Riss, Umweltbundesamt Title photograph © iStockphoto.com/imagestock For further information about the publications of the Umweltbundesamt please go to: http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/ Imprint Owner and Editor: Umweltbundesamt GmbH Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna/Austria This publications is only available on: http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/. © Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Vienna, 2015 All Rights reserved ISBN 978-3-99004-344-8 PAKS II Environmental Impact Study – Content CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................... 5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ........................................................................... 10 VEZETŐI ÖSSZEFOGLALÓ ................................................................... 15 1 EVALUATION OF THE SELECTED NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................ 21 2 EVALUATION OF COMPLETENESS OF INFORMATION PRESENTED IN EIS ................................................................................ 25 3 EVALUATION OF ESTIMATED TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACT OF ACCIDENTS AFFECTING PAKS II ................................................... 30 4 EVALUATION OF PROPOSED RW MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR PAKS II ...................................................................... 32 5 EVALUATION OF ANSWERS PROVIDED TO AUSTRIAN EXPERT OPINION ON SCOPING DOCUMENTATION ......................... 35 6 EVALUATION OF PRESENTATION OF THE ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING ZERO ALTERNATIVE, CONSIDERED FOR PAKS II ................................................................... 42 7 DETAILED EVALUATION OF EIS .......................................................... 44 8 COMPILATION OF QUESTIONS ............................................................ 45 9 ANNEX ..................................................................................................... 48 1. Basic information regarding the planned project ........................ 48 2. Forecasts and strategies related to the planned project ............ 48 3. A general guide to nuclear engineering ....................................... 49 4. Description of the planned installation site ................................. 50 5. Possible methods of condenser cooling in the new nuclear power plant units .............................................................. 53 6. Characteristics and basic specifications of the Paks II Nuclear Power Plant planned to be built on the Paks site .................................................................................................... 54 7. Connection to the Hungarian power grid ..................................... 55 8. Potential impact factors and impact matrices of Paks II ............ 55 9. Social and economic effects .......................................................... 56 10. Climate Profile of Paks and its Environs within a 30 km Radius .............................................................................................. 59 11. Modelling the Danube bed morphology and heat load on the Danube ................................................................................. 61 Umweltbundesamt REP-0533, Vienna 2015 3 PAKS II Environmental Impact Study – Content 12. Assessment of water quality in the Danube and other surface waters according to the Water Framework Directive ...........................................................................................65 13. The geological formation and subsurface waters on the site and in its immediate environs ................................................67 14. Geological formation and subsurface waters in the Danube valley downstream of Paks ..............................................71 15. Noise and vibration .........................................................................72 16. Ambient air ......................................................................................74 17. Non-radioactive wastes ..................................................................75 18. Wildlife and ecosystem ..................................................................76 19. Radioactive wastes and spent fuels .............................................79 20. Ambient radioactivity and exposure of the population living in the vicinity of the site to radiation ..................................84 21. Exposure of wildlife to radiation in the vicinity of the site ....................................................................................................89 22. Summary impact matrices and aggregate impact areas ............91 10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................93 11 REFERENCES .........................................................................................94 4 Umweltbundesamt REP-0533, Vienna 2015 PAKS II Environmental Impact Study – Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction In the district of Tolna, close to the city of Paks, approximately 100 km south of Budapest, the only Hungarian Nuclear Power Plant (Paks NPP) is located on the right bank on the Danube. On the site of Paks NPP, two additional reactor units are planned to be built, which would generate 1,200 MWe each, for 60 years. The commercial operation of the new units is scheduled for 2025 and 2030 respectively. In March 2013 the Republic of Hungary notified Austria in line with Article 7 of the Directive 2011/92/EU and Article 3 of the Espoo Convention on transbound- ary environmental impact assessment (Espoo Convention) the intent of construct- ing two new reactors at the Paks site (“Paks II”). The competent Hungarian au- thority is Dél-dunántúli Környezetvédelmi, Természetvédelmi és Vízügyi Felügyelőség (Authority for the Protection of the Environment, Nature and Water Management of South Danubia). The Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Manage- ment (BMLFUW) replied that the Republic of Austria will take part in the trans- boundary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) since the proposed project could have significant transboundary impacts. Within the EIA, a Scoping Report was prepared in order to identify which data the project applicant ‒ MVM Hungarian Electricity Group ‒ needs to present in the next step of the EIA procedure, the Environmental Impact Study (EIS). MVM Hungarian Electricity Group commissioned the PÖYRY ERÖTERV plc. and sub- contractors to prepare the Scoping Report. The Scoping Report was made pub- licly available in Austria. The comments received including an Expert Statement which was commissioned by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Envi- ronment and Water Management (BMLFUW) and several provinces was sent to Hungary for further consideration. This Expert Statement assessed the EIA Scoping Report presented by the Hun- garian side, in order to evaluate whether the content suggested by the EIA Scop- ing Report for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is sufficient to de- termine the safety of the project and the potential risk for Austria. The topics re- quired for the Environmental Impact Study for the project were submitted to the Hungarian side, in order to be considered for the development of the EIS, In April 2015 Hungary submitted the Environmental Impact Study (EIS), which was prepared in order to identify and evaluate the impact of the planned nuclear power plant technology on the environment. The Study was prepared by MVM ERBE ENERGETIKA Engineering Company Limited by Shares and its subcon- tractors, for the project company MVM Paks II. Zrt. ENCONET Consulting Ges.m.b.H. was commissioned to prepare an Expert Statement on the assessment of the EIS presented by the Hungarian side. The objective of the assessment was to investigate whether the information pre- sented in the EIS are reliable and sufficient to determine the safety of the pro- posed project and the potential risks for Austria, as well as to review if and to which extent the Austrian Expert Statement assessing the EIA Scoping Report has been considered. The present Expert Statement on the Environmental Im- pact Study presents the results of the assessment of the EIS submitted by the Umweltbundesamt REP-0533, Vienna 2015 5 PAKS II Environmental Impact Study – Executive Summary project developer to the authority. This Study has to be in conformity with the technical requirements based on the EU EIA Directive. Due to the technical na- ture of the project, the EIS has to present aspects related to nuclear safety too. This Expert Statement on EIS contains the topics to be considered in future bi- lateral consultations within the Espoo procedure, with a view to enable the for- mulation of well-founded recommendations to minimize potential adverse trans- boundary impacts. Environmental Impact Study The alternatives to the Paks II development project are not presented in the EIS, neither regarding alternative reactor designs, as contained in the Scoping Report, or regarding non-nuclear alternatives. According to the information