Words and Their Stories Handbook of Oriental Studies Handbuch Der Orientalistik
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Words and Their Stories Handbook of Oriental Studies Handbuch der Orientalistik SECTION FOUR China Edited by Stephen F. Teiser Martin Kern Timothy Brook VOLUME 27 Words and Their Stories Essays on the Language of the Chinese Revolution Edited by Ban Wang LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Words and their stories : essays on the language of the Chinese revolution / [edited] by Wang Ban. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental studies. Section four, China, ISSN 0169-9520 ; v. 27 = Handbuch der orientalistik) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-18860-0 (hard cover : alk. paper) 1. Revolutions—China—History—20th century—Terminology. 2. China—Politics and government—1949–1976—Terminology. 3. China—Politics and government— 1912–1949—Terminology. 4. Revolutionaries—China—Language. 5. Political culture—China—History—20th century. 6. Literature and revolutions—China— History—20th century. 7. Politics and literature—China—History—20th century. 8. Discourse analysis—Political aspects—China. I. Wang, Ban, 1957– II. Title. III. Series. DS777.56.W67 2010 951.04’2—dc22 2010023733 ISSN 0169-9520 ISBN 978 90 04 18860 0 © Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS List of Contributors ................................................................... vii Understanding the Chinese Revolution through Words: An Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Ban Wang 1. Revolution: From Literary Revolution to Revolutionary Literature ............................................................................ 15 Jianhua Chen 2. The Long March ............................................................... 33 Enhua Zhang 3. Rectification: Party Discipline, Intellectual Remolding, and the Formation of a Political Community ................... 51 Kirk A. Denton 4. Worker-Peasant-Soldier Literature .................................... 65 Xiaomei Chen 5. Steel Is Made through Persistent Tempering ................... 85 Xinmin Liu 6. Socialist Realism ................................................................ 101 Ban Wang 7. Political Lyric ..................................................................... 119 Xin Ning 8. Writing the Actual ............................................................. 135 Charles A. Laughlin 9. Nowhere in the World Does There Exist Love or Hatred without Reason .................................................................. 149 Haiyan Lee vi contents 10. Promote Physical Culture and Sport, Improve the People’s Constitution ......................................................... 171 Xiaoning Lu 11. Typical People in Typical Circumstances ......................... 185 Richard King 12. Use the Past to Serve the Present; the Foreign to Serve China .................................................................................. 205 Tina Mai Chen 13. Women Can Hold Up Half the Sky ................................. 227 Xueping Zhong 14. Let a Hundred Flowers Blossom, Let a Hundred Schools of Thought Contend ............................................ 249 Richard Kraus 15. They Love Battle Array, Not Silks and Satins ................. 263 Tina Mai Chen 16. The Three Prominences .................................................... 283 Yizhong Gu 17. Revolutionary Narrative in the Seventeen Years Period ..... 305 Guo Bingru Bibliography ................................................................................... 319 Index ............................................................................................... 335 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Jianhua Chen, Ph.D. (2002) in Chinese Literature, Harvard Univer- sity, is Associate Professor of Literature at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He has published many articles on Chi- nese literary culture from the twelfth to twentieth century. His recent books in Chinese include Revolution and Form: Mao Dun’s Early Fiction and Chinese Literary Modernity, 1927–1930 and From Revolution to the Republic: Literature, Film and Culture in the Republican Period. Tina Mai Chen, Ph.D. (1999) in History, University of Wisconsin- Madison, is Associate Professor at University of Manitoba, Canada. She specializes in the cultural and intellectual history of Modern China, with a particular interest in globality, Chinese nation, and socialism. Xiaomei Chen, Ph.D. (1989) in Comparative Literature, Indiana University, is Professor of Chinese Literature at University of Cali- fornia at Davis. She has published Occidentalism (1995; 2002), Acting the Right Part (Hawai’i University Press, 2002) and edited Reading the Right Texts (2003), and Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Drama (2010). Kirk A. Denton, Ph.D. (1988) in Chinese literature, University of Toronto, is Professor of Chinese at The Ohio State University. He is editor of the journal Modern Chinese Literature and Culture and author of The Problematic of Self in Modern Chinese Literature: Hu Feng and Lu Ling (Stanford UP, 1998). He is currently writing a book on the politics of historical representation in museums in Greater China. Yizhong Gu, is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Comparative Literature at the University of Washington. He is currently writing his dissertation on sacrifice and martyrdom in Modern China. Guo Bingru, Ph.D. (2004) in literature, University of Sun Yat-san, is associate professor of literature at Sun Yat-san University. Her publi- cations include The “Seventeen-Year” (1949–1966) Novels Narrative Tension, (Changsha: Yuelu Press, 2007). viii list of contributors Michael Gibbs Hill, Ph.D. (2008) in Chinese Literature, Columbia University, is Assistant Professor of Chinese and Comparative Litera- ture at the University of South Carolina. He is completing a book manuscript entitled Lin Shu, Inc.: A Factory of Words in Modern China. Richard King, Ph.D (1984) in Chinese Literature, University of Brit- ish Columbia, is Associate Professor at the University of Victoria. His research is on modern Chinese literature and culture; also translation, most recently Heroes of China’s Great Leap Forward (Hawai’i 2010). Richard Curt Kraus is Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Uni- versity of Oregon. He is the author of Class Conflict in Chinese Socialism (1981), Pianos and Politics in China (1989), Brushes with Power (1991); and The Party and the Arty (2004). Charles A. Laughlin, Ph.D. (1996) in Chinese Literature, Colum- bia University, is Ellen Bayard Weedon Chair Professor of East Asian Studies at the University of Virginia. He has published extensively on modern Chinese nonfiction literature including Chinese Reportage: The Aesthetics of Historical Experience (Duke, 2002) and The Literature of Leisure and Chinese Modernity (Hawaii, 2008). Haiyan Lee, Ph.D. (2002) in East Asian Literature, Cornell Uni- versity, is Assistant Professor of East Asian Languages and Cultures at Stanford University. She is the author of Revolution of the Heart: A Genealogy of Love in China, 1900–1950 (Stanford, 2007). Xinmin Liu, Ph.D. (1997) in Comparative Literature, Yale, is Assist- ant Professor of Chinese Literature and Culture at the University of Pittsburgh. He is author of many journal articles on the ethical and aesthetic impacts of Chinese modernity on issues of education, social progress and ecological wellbeing. Xiaoning Lu, Ph.D. (2008) in Comparative Literature, State Uni- versity of New York at Stony Brook, teaches in the Department of Comparative Literature and the Department of Sinology at Ludwig- Maximilians University of Munich, Germany. Her most recent article list of contributors ix “Zhang Ruifang: Modelling the Social Red Star” appeared in the Journal of Chinese Cinema in 2008. Xin Ning, Ph.D. (2008) in Comparative Literature, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is Lecturer in Asian Languages and Cultures Department, Rutgers University. He has published articles on modern Chinese literature and East-West cultural relations. Ban Wang, Ph.D. (1993) in Comparative Literature, UCLA, is the William Haas Chair Professor in Chinese Studies at Stanford Univer- sity. He has written on Chinese literature, film and aesthetics and is the author of The Sublime Figure of History (1997) and Illuminations from the Past (2004). Enhua Zhang, Ph.D. (2007) in Chinese Literature, Columbia Uni- versity, is Assistant Professor of Chinese Literature and Culture at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Zhong Xueping, Ph.D. (1993) in Comparative Literature, University of Iowa, is Associate Professor of Chinese Literature and Culture at Tufts University. She has written on contemporary Chinese literature, film, television drama, and other related issues including Mainstream Culture Refocused: Television Drama, Society, and Production of Meaning in Reform Era China (University of Hawaii Press,