The University of the Magazine SHARED VOICES 2010 UArctic VP Indigenous Building on Classroom Connections: UArctic's Vice-President The Development of 06 Indigenous position is the latest initiative towards building a UArctic Student Association indigenous leadership in UArctic Two former students of governance and program activities. 32 the UArctic write about the Newly appointed VP Indigenous need to create a student association and long-time UArctic supporter, and the advantages that such a Jan Henry Keskitalo, explains the group could provide for the future opportunities on the horizon. development of the organisation.

Can Good Governance Save the Arctic? The Arctic is experiencing a profound 14 transformation driven by the interacting forces of climate change and globalization. The Arctic Governance Project is one group examining the role of governance in these transformations and exploring different ways that the Arctic's existing governance systems can maximize a cooperative future.

Student Profile: Siberian Food – a Raw Deal Chen Yichao Not for the Fainthearted Doing something new is Professional chef, columnist 21 nothing new for Chinese 16 and TV icon Andreas Viestad Polar Law Student Chen Yichao. shares his experiences with local See how this student of human cuisine during his travels in Western rights lived and learned in the Siberia, and offers a recipe for the Arctic, finding ways of applying region's famous Stroganina dish. his studies to Arctic indigenous peoples.

The Shared Voices Magazine 2010 Editorial Team / Outi Snellman, Lars Kullerud, Scott Forrest, Harry Borlase UArctic International Secretariat Editor in Chief / Outi Snellman University of Lapland Managing Editor / Scott Forrest Box 122 96101 Rovaniemi Editorial Assistant / Harry Borlase [email protected] Graphic Design & Layout / Puisto Design & Advertising / www.puistonpenkki.fi Tel. +358-16-341 341 Cover Photo / Mette Randem Fax. +358-16-362 941 Print Run / 4 000 www.uarctic.org Printer / Pohjolan Painotuote Oy, 2010 This magazine has been made possible by funding from the Government of 04 Shared Voices 20 UArctic- Our Membership Barry Scherr at a Glance

04 Year of Diversity 21 A Forum for the Leadership of Lars Kullerud and Outi Snellman Uarctic Member Institutions Brian Rogers 05 UArctic and the Inernational Polar Year 22 Adapting to Climate Change: Local Lars Kullerud Solutions to a Global Challenge Kirsi Latola and Martin Price 06 UArctic Vice-President Indigenous Jan Henry Keskitalo 23 Future Experts in Health and Wellbeing in Arctic Regions 08 Arctic Virtual Learning Tools Hannele Savela and Arja Rautio Halldor Johannsson and Kari Fannar Lárusson 24 Building and Developing Nunavik 09 A European Arctic Information Pita Aatami Centre as a Network? Markku Heikkilä 26 Why UNBC Students are Excited about the North 10 Inuit Youth at COP 15: Anke Krey, Sonja Ostertag, Becky Cadsand, Effective or Symbolic Figures? Yakutsk and BCS: and Kate Hrinkevich Janice Grey Benefits of a Circumpolar 28 The Legacy of IPY EALÁT: Classroom and Campus 10 Stories from Our Canadian Students A UArctic Instrument for Local Uarctic Office of Undergraduate Studies Competence Building in the North UArctic Institute of Circumpolar Reindeer 11 The Arctic Gap An increasing number Husbandry of UArctic students are Marlon Davies 34 30 Nunavut Arctic College Benefits 12 Adjustement of the Finnish Arctic visiting the land of extreme, see from Uarctic Circumpolar Policy Contributes to Emerging EU's what draws these students to Cooperation Arctic Policy Jamie Bell and Linda Pemik Yakutsk and its campus. Kim Kuivalainen 31 Relevant Security Dimensions 13 Arctic Parliamentary Cooperation of the High North Bjørn Willy Robstad and Hannes Manninen Lassi Heininen 14 Can Good Governance 32 Building on Classroom Connections: Save the Arctic? the Development of a UArctic Arctic Virtual Learning Tools Oran Young and Else Grete Broderstad Student Association Education in the Arctic is 15 There is no Rush in the North Harry Borlase and Mikkel Berg-Nordlie 08 undergoing rapid change. Michael Hardt 34 Yakutsk and Circumpolar Studies The VLT project is an example of how 16 Siberian Food- Benefits of a Circumpolar Classroom distant learning is a major part of this a Raw Deal Not for the Fainthearted and Campus change and the positive steps taken Andreas Viestad Claudia Federova toward accessible education. 18 The UArctic Network- Ten Years of Collaboration, Sharing, and Growth Outi Snellman 4

Year of Diversity

By Lars Kullerud, President, UArctic and Outi Snellman, Vice-President Administration, UArctic

“The United Nations declared Shared Voices 2010 to be the International Year of Biodiversity. It is a celebration Barry Scherr, Chair of the UArctic Board of Governors, Provost Emeritus Dartmouth College of life on earth and of the value of biodiversity for our lives“

hose living in more temperate re- to all who live or work there, with melt- -United Nation’s Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, January 11, 2010. gions have often found it easy to ing permafrost bringing rapid changes to Tignore the North. To be sure, the the environment and threatening some of Arctic and Subarctic regions have rela- the man-made structures that have been eoples of the North agree on the impor- tively few people, given the vastness of the built on it. Meanwhile, as these climate tance of safeguarding the nature we live regions they occupy. Alaska, the one state changes have resulted in the opening of Pin. Most also agree with the values of in the that reaches into the new sea lanes, nations have been rushing the University of the Arctic, where diversity, Arctic, contains just 700 000 people within to claim their territorial rights, raising the in , languages, knowledge as well as in its 1 700 000 square kilometers: more than specter of possible conflict if some of the nature, are prerequisites for a thriving and re- two square kilometers per person, which disputes cannot be resolved. And of course silient North that has the ability to support its makes it roughly 1 000 times less densely the North is home to significant reserves of inhabitants and provide services to the world. populated than New Jersey, the state with many natural resources, which on the one the greatest density. Nunavut, Canada’s hand can help bring a degree of welcome The Year of Biodiversity reflects the realiza- northernmost territory, has a little more prosperity to the region and on the other, tion by all world leaders that humankind can- than 30 000 people spread over an even carry the potential of environmental harm. not take the risk of further reducing the diver- great expanse: roughly one person per 65 sity that provides the resilience we need in an square kilometers, making it one of the For all these reasons, and others too nu- unknown and constantly changing world, be least populated locales on earth. merous to list here, it is vital for the world it through population growth, climate change, to became more engaged with the North. pandemics, financial crises, or whatever Today however, it is becoming increas- People need to spend time in the region change that takes us by surprise. Likewise, it ingly evident that importance is not to be and learn about it first hand; they need be- is easy to agree that a sustained North requires measured solely in terms of the number of come to study the problems that the North diverse minds and knowledge to enable us to people per square kilometer. Those who faces and to become involved with helping find solutions together for adapting to future do live in the region are faced with a va- to solve them. Back in the middle of the challenges that we may face. riety of issues, ranging from the struggle nineteenth century, young citizens of the to maintain traditions and languages in the United States were frequently encouraged Universities and colleges are among the most face of encroachment from the modern to “Go West,” with the West regarded as important actors in ensuring this diversity. It world, to economic difficulties and health a not yet fully explored area that offered is, however, not always easy to be an isolated problems that have been exacerbated by great opportunity for those seeking to make northern university, particularly in a region climate change. These and other chal- an impact in the world. Today, though, the with generally low population densities and lenges must be overcome if the North is call could well be to “Go North,” to a re- with the pressure to provide excellence in re- not to become another problem area for gion that for most is as little known and as search and education in multiple disciplines. the world at large. While global warming remote as the American West was then… These universities are also responsible for in the more temperate zones has been dif- and where both the challenges and the pos- focusing on local and languages, as ficult for the ordinary citizen to perceive, sibilities for affecting beneficial change well as producing employable candidates nec- in the North its effects are already apparent are perhaps even greater. essary to serve the region’s schools, health- 5

UArctic Members and care facilities, businesses, and administration the International Polar Year (IPY) centres. After decades of focused institution- building in the North, national governments By Lars Kullerud, President, UArctic and institution leaders have more recently been driven in the direction of mergers and towards larger, centralized institutions. They he International Polar Year ber. The size of the yellow dots may risk striving to replicate larger southern 2007-2008 represents a mas- on the map is proportional to the institutions. An alternative path is to let other, Tsive engagement in polar re- number of projects a member was often more southern institutions take care of search by research institutions and engaged in. White small dots rep- the excellence in research, even on topics cen- academia worldwide. The polar resent the two thirds of the UArctic tral to the North. At the moment most Arctic year may be used as an indicator members that did not take part in countries face huge changes in the structure of for how strong UArctic members any IPY project. northern higher education. take part in International Research on the north, and to what extent When we compare UArctic mem- The success of smaller institutions, and their they are attractive partners for oth- bers with other research and higher usefulness in serving society’s needs, is largely ers who do northern research. education institutions in the Arctic dependent on the human capital that they hold. eight countries, UArctic members New ideas and inspiration are generated from IPY endorsed some 230 projects are significantly more often in a minds meeting other minds carrying diverse with an Arctic component that were IPY project than other higher edu- cultures and knowledges and the sense of a partial of well funded (IPY Joint cation institution if one normalize common northern intellectual society. Shared office project database). Together for size measured in student num- education programs, mobile faculty, openness those 230 projects have some 3800 bers. This applies to both smaller, to other expertise with different backgrounds, partners of which two thirds are medium sized and larger UArctic and helping other institutions to thrive in ar- located in one of the eight Arctic members with institutions that self eas they choose builds a shared intellectual Countries. 13% of the total project identify as indigenous institutions capital which creates the growth and quality partners are from a UArctic mem- slightly overrepresented. an institution will need. This strategy is not dependent on size, and can lay the ground UArctic Participation in IPY Projects for excellence even in smaller institutions. Already today, there is little, if any, correla- tion between the size and ranking in different international quality indexes among UArctic members.

For UArctic, 2010 is not only the Year of Biodiversity but it is also a year to focus on the quality that can be achieved by utilizing and celebrating the institutional diversity. UArctic is focusing on drawing on the com- bined strength and potential of its over 120 diverse member organizations to help build a sustainable future for the North, its peoples and cultures. In rapidly changing times we need to cast our net wide, not to rely on so- lutions that are based on the assumption of a single perceived future. Often creative solu- tions may come from a marriage of the unex- pected and different. Only this way can we be resilient as people and as institutions. Map / © University of the Arctic 2010, Philippe Rekacewicz, Veli-Pekka Laitinen and Hugo Ahlenius, Nordpil 6

UArctic Vice-President Indigenous

By Jan Henry Keskitalo, Vice-President Indigenous, UArctic | Photo Svein Disch Mathiesen 7

UArctic's Vice-President Indigenous position is the latest initiative towards building indigenous leadership in UArctic governance and program activities. Newly appointed VP Indigenous and long-time UArctic supporter, Jan Henry Keskitalo, explains the opportunities on the horizon.

ne of the founding ideas of the need to connect through programmatic activi- University of the Arctic network is ties. However, all UArctic member institutions Oto create an improved and expanded also have a responsibility to work towards platform for postsecondary education for in- improved capacity and responsibility with re- digenous peoples of the Arctic. This is clearly spect to the many small institutions with that stated by the University of the Arctic’s gov- special mandate. UArctic as a network needs erning bodies. The Strategic Plan for the to build strong links between communities 2009-2013 is clear evidence in this regard: and these institutions. The real added value of “UArctic shall look to increase leadership of UArctic appears when members work togeth- indigenous peoples in the operation and gov- er in a united effort to fulfill such a task. ernance, as well as programmatic activities of UArctic.” Therefore, these two avenues of cooperation are extremely important for a further development. The intention must be that such efforts towards building effective and sustaining practices be The Terms of Reference for the University of realized in close relationship with several the Arctic’s Vice-President Indigenous include important parties in the UArctic indigenous a variety of challenges, both strategic and constituency. Here we have at least two main practical. The VP Indigenous will take care of avenues of cooperation. the administrative functions of the Indigenous Issues Committee. This is a defined part of One is the indigenous peoples’ organizations the UArctic Strategy. The Committee is an throughout the Arctic. UArctic usually con- oversight committee, which needs adminis- nects to those in varying forms throughout trative capacity and support to function. Of the year within the context of high importance is the need to cooperate with cooperation. This cooperation can be further the President, the VP Administration and the developed by cyclic and systemic meetings Strategic Area leads to ensure that the op- and discussion processes initiated by UArctic. erations and activities protect and enhance In this respect, the representative bodies the challenges and well-being of indigenous throughout the Arctic are the Permanent peoples. Participants of the Arctic Council. Likewise, a parallel process could be developed with These networks can improve access to rele- the various elected indigenous self-governing vant programs and will increase the retention and advisory bodies in the Arctic. These are rate of indigenous students. These networks all important team players for UArctic. The can also form a base for the further develop- cooperation needs to be carried out in a re- ment of research and capacity-building pro- spectful manner from the UArctic side; these grams. We must also have capacity-building organizations represent the indigenous voice as a clear goal and strategy in order to respect- of the Arctic. fully include indigenous knowledge and ways of knowing. UArctic can be part of worldwide Another planning and implementation re- efforts through United Nations bodies like lationship for indigenous issues needs to be UNESCO by becoming a partner in Arctic- created among UArctic member institutions. wide international initiatives and demonstra- Some of these institutions have a mandated tion of best practices when it comes to capaci- responsibility to serve indigenous cultures ty-building for indigenous peoples. and communities in the Arctic. They of course 8

The project has received fund- By Halldor Johannsson, Arctic Portal, Project Manager, Akureyri, and Kári Fannar Lárusson, Arctic Portal, Project Coordinator, Akureyri, Iceland ing from the Nordic Council of ministers and will initially start with the development of six learning tools and the venue for their delivery:

The Virtual Classroom is an online learning environment designed with the special requirements of northern rural residents in mind. A core element of the system will be the delivery of UArctic courses. The Virtual Classroom will utilize best practises from traditional distance learning with an increased emphasis on live communication among students and with educators using multiple platforms associated with web 2.0 technologies.

Open textbooks, is a venue to make publications dedicated to Arctic issues freely available on the Internet and offer users the possibility to obtain and use the material as they best see fit.

Course Catalogue will provide a comprehensive search engine to enable students to locate courses and programs Education in the Arctic is undergoing rapid change. under the UArctic umbrella. The VLT project is an example of how distant learning The UArctic Atlas is a comprehensive is a major part of this change and the positive steps visual and graphical map-based encyclopaedia about the Circumpolar taken toward accessible education. North.

Community Square is a comprehensive he Arctic is known for its sparse popu- the Arctic, the Arctic Portal, the Association virtual gateway to northern languages and lation and vast distances, which reduce of Polar Early Carrier Scientists (APECS), the cultural heritage.

educational opportunities of the Arctic International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry T The Early Carrier Development Centre rural inhabitants. Relocating to urban areas to (ICR) and the University Centre of the is an on-line educational venue for the seek education is expensive and an option that Westfjords. It addresses the above issues by graduating professionals to help develop many young people are not able to take, due providing inexpensive and flexible educa- their business promotional skills. to varying aspects of their lives. The ones that tion and networking opportunities within the are able to relocate and seek education often Arctic, building on advances in modern tech- do not return, depriving the communities of nology and the constantly improving Internet possible future community leaders. The op- connectivity in the northern regions. The VLT The first part of the VLT, the Virtual tion of relocating is even more challenging for project is a new approach to distance learning, Classroom, will be used for pilot courses individuals who seek further education after offering both students and non-registered users this fall, 2010. The VLT will be publicly starting their professional career or who have access to a wide variety of tools and learning launched in June 2011 at UArctic’s 10 year anniversary. families and other commitments. There is a aids. VLT will, in cooperation with the Arctic need to lessen geographical hindrances and Portal and its partners, provide its users access For further information contact: increase flexibility in education through the to up-to-date relevant educational, science and Kari Larusson – [email protected] use of modern technical solutions. research data, high level of interoperability Kirsi Latula – [email protected] and advanced search capabilities, as well as Project website: Arctic Virtual Learning Tools (VLT) is a co- numerous advanced virtual learning and com- www.arcticportal.org/vlt operation project between the University of munication tools, customizable to each user. 9

A European Arctic Information Centre as a Network?

By Markku Heikkilä, Head of Science Communications at the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland | Photo Jussi Leinonen

uring the year 2010 a new question the information centre has to be physically ed the idea that the information centre should has emerged in certain Arctic discus- located somewhere, functionally it can be be located in Rovaniemi. Prior to that, the Dsions - what to do with the idea of a a network connecting many institutions in Vice-President of the Parliament, Ms. Diana European Arctic Information Centre? many countries. This way the European Arctic Wallis had published an article in Finland’s Information Centre can actually be a network Kaleva newspaper suggesting that Finland The possibility of a European Arctic of Arctic information. The idea is not to du- should be a standard bearer in Arctic politics Information Centre was first mentioned plicate any work that is already done, but to of the EU and proposing that Finland should in the Communication from the European make the Arctic information better available claim the EU Arctic Information Centre. Lady Commission: The European Union and the to the European public and decision-makers. Catherine Ashton, High Representative of the Arctic Regions, published on November EU and the vice chairman of the Commission, 20, 2008. One year later, the Council of the In these talks, the Arctic Centre of the has also voiced her support for the initiative. European Union gave its conclusions on University of Lapland has played a key role Arctic issues. In that document the idea was for one very obvious reason – it is the only It is well known that the question of the lo- formulated like this: Arctic research and information institute lo- cation of the information centre is very deli- cated both in the Arctic and in the European cate. One of the benefits of the network model The Council invites the Commission together Union. (a hub and nodes) is that it motivates many with the Member States to examine the mer- partners and is very cost effective. It is also its of establishing an information centre on In September 2009 the Arctic Centre of the clear that the idea of one new big centre is not Arctic issues in the EU. University of Lapland celebrated its 20th an- realistic. Symbolically it is very important to niversary. In her speech the Director of the have the EU Information Centre – as much as This was not yet a decision to establish such Arctic Centre, Professor Paula Kankaanpää a physical centre is needed – located in the an information centre. The EU has not made made an offer to host the European Centre North, not in Brussels. It is possible to build any official position on the location, mandate, in Rovaniemi. Such an initiative would the network in such a way that it is deeply con- tasks or resources of a possible centre, except be nothing new for Rovaniemi. Known as nected to the EU structures and can serve their that if it is developed, it has to be inside the the ‘Gateway to Lapland’, Rovaniemi has various information needs. The University of EU. This basically leaves two options: either also been host to the establishment of the the Arctic also has its secretariat located in the the centre will be located in the European University of the Arctic, as well as the launch University of Lapland. This partnership gives North, or in Brussels or some other Central of the EU’s Northern Dimension Policy and good synergy both ways and opens many pos- European site, physically and mentally far the beginnings of the Arctic Environmental sibilities to cooperation. At the time of writ- away from the Arctic. Protection Strategy. ing, it is not known when and how the EU will proceed, but probably the decisions will take However, the Arctic Centre of the University In March 2010, the European Parliament had place in 2011 at the earliest. of Lapland, Finland, and its international an Arctic debate. In the plenary, many Finnish partners have found a third option. Although Members of the European Parliament support- 10

Inuit Youth at COP 15: Effective or Symbolic Figures?

By Janice Grey That’s what we needed from Copenhagen. We needed our leaders to agree to save lives, to save languages and to save cultures.The Copenhagen conference was set to be one of the most signif- icant COPs (Conference of Parties) yet. Amid all of the hype, hope and promises, those of us with the audacity to believe something might actually be accomplished there couldn’t bear the thought of its failure – those of us who had everything to lose, that is. The Inuit are a people that have everything to lose to climate change. The Inuit identity, the very core of the entire culture is based on the winter, the snow, the ice; the cold. Our survival as a people depends on the immediate mitiga- tion of harmful pollution. That’s what we need- ed from Copenhagen. We needed our leaders to agree to save lives, to save languages and to save cultures. I was one of just a few Inuit youth from northern Canada to attend the conference. In the weeks leading up to Copenhagen we would talk about what we could do, how we could get our message across and get people to understand that we are being denied our future. Unfortunately, all of our planning and scheming was in vain. Each one of us was on a different delegation; we were all so busy with our respective groups that we had very little time together, even for lunch or coffee. There were over forty Inuit Youth at COP – the Arctic was one of the main focuses of several side n December 2009, the Office of Under- vided their perspectives, some of which we events – yet I personally feel that we didn’t ac- graduate Studies launched a contest to would like to share. complish very much in terms of having a repre- find the best testimonials from past and sentative presence in Copenhagen. We had no I present UArctic students. The following Ida Sylvestre and Debbie Billette are both unified voice as Inuit youth and people. Our inter- student accomplishments are excerpts from First Nations members of the Buffalo River ests and concerns were not put first in any of our delegations, because oftentimes there was only these testimonials and are demonstrations of Dené Nation in Saskatchewan. They are also one Inuit representative on each. I was the only the contest’s success. two of UArctic’s first seven graduates from Inuit person on my delegation. I often felt so mar- Canada with Bachelors degrees in Northern ginalized and unheard because what I had to say The Circumpolar Studies program provides Studies. They both felt that the Circumpolar was so drastically different from everyone else, unique educational opportunities to students Studies program gave them opportunities at that all they could offer was solidarity or sympa- across the Circumpolar North, enabling home, and that the curriculum focused on thy. Solidarity and sympathy are still very valua- many of them to study in their home com- people and problems, and challenges and ble and appreciated, yet without a full on move- ment to be in solidarity with, not much will be munities and work towards completing their opportunities similar to those they face liv- accomplished. undergraduate degrees by accessing online ing in the North. They also emphasized the education. The interdisciplinary program importance of studying indigenous issues, We really needed our own delegation. As Inuit began in 2002 with 63 student registrations. which encouraged them to strive to make a youth, as Arctic peoples, we need to ensure that we are heard, understood and respected. At the Today, we have had over 10 000 interna- difference in their communities. As a direct next COP, I hope that there will be an opportu- tional student registrations. The tremen- result of achieving their Circumpolar Studies nity for us, the few of us, who work in social jus- dous growth in demand is testament to the degrees, Ida became her First Nation’s new tice and the climate movement to work together. program’s popularity and value. To under- band manager, and Debbie became its first Only when we are united can we truly accom- stand what the program means to some of female Chief. Both women attribute their plish what needs to be accomplished to save our our students, we invited current and former success to having access to online courses homeland. Canadian students to share their thoughts. that were relevant to them as northerners. In an overwhelming response, students pro- 11

The Arctic Gap

By Marlon Davies ‘What UArctic Means to You’ contest winner When I think of the Arctic Gap I don’t think of Akurekvik Pass, Kitingirak Gap or even the de- pleted ozone gap that began the serious discus- sion about greenhouse gases. Rather, I am refer- ring to a learning gap. Those of us in the middle of our lives often get a rude awakening to the serious holes in our edu- cation. These gaps become more evident as we move through upper level university courses and sometimes, even casual dinner conversations. The Arctic Gap, I suspect, is rarely discovered by most of us. At what occasion are we given the op- portunity to reflect on our knowledge, under- What Circumpolar Studies Means to Me: standing or insight into this northern sphere? The University of the Arctic has provided me (a French Canadian, city dwelling, south of 60° in- habitant) the chance to acknowledge a huge gap in my own education and to begin filling it with Stories from Our northern knowledge. Isolated from the Arctic in more ways than one, UArctic creates a distance- learning environment that coordinates teachers and students of all disciplines to meet through Canadian students common ground – and through high speed Internet. For me, it erased acute conceptions I By UArctic Office of Undergraduate Studies, University of Saskatchewan | Photo Joshua Simair had of a linear Arctic history and people and re- placed it with a multi-faceted, polemic that de- serves serious consideration from anyone willing to look north. As a working professional looking to diversi- fy my knowledge, interest and training, I took courses that suited my time constraints and cir- Martin Haefele felt a strong sense of north- and gas banking to making financial devel- cumstance. To my pleasant surprise, I “met” stu- ern identity while taking the Circumpolar opment decisions that are socially respon- dent colleagues who challenged my worldview, Studies courses online. Learning about why sible and sustainable. Bryan elaborated on my picture of humanity and her tribes, as well as northern issues exist and the factors that how his UArctic education prepared him for my neatly packaged perception of world peace lead to them influenced his online discus- a job in Canada’s Arctic. Similarly, Bryan, and unity, that in retrospect, really only started sions with fellow classmates from the North who is now working in communications for somewhere south of Iceland. These courses have and the South, both of which led to new a mining company, credits his UArctic edu- helped to re-orientate my professional interest toward environmental education. In my current friendships and reminded him how small the cation with helping him better understand role as a Student Life Manager at a postsecondary world can be. Martin’s training and back- the often complicated communication and institution I have begun the conversation around ground provided him with the skills and consultation plans in Nunavut. Canada’s Arctic understanding and the northern expertise to develop a case-study for the students at this institution. Circumpolar Studies advanced emphasis in This small sample of students’ experiences Personally, I look to the North far more than be- Environmental Impact Assessment pertain- and thoughts provides only a snapshot of fore. Instead of a misunderstood mystery, I see ing to the Mackenzie Valley region. how the Circumpolar Studies program can diversity, complexity, humanity, fragility and influence students’ lives. To read more about strength. People who fell into my Arctic Gap now The role that UArctic education plays in students’ experiences, please visit our web- become part of the human story I know – the increasing knowledge on development in site. To share your experience, please con- Gwich’in, the Sami, the Nenets. Really, my knowl- the North was noted by both Joshua Simair tact us at [email protected] edge is child-like still. I do not know the whole and Bryan McCrea. Joshua explained how story and have a broken picture, but at least it is there. At least I was able to navigate my way the UArctic courses facilitate understand- through this learning gap to understand much ing of cultures and values, and how they more than I did. UArctic, among other initiatives, can contribute to the long-term prosperity of needs to continue to serve as a map to the North northern peoples. Joshua now attributes his for people like me. education and professional experience in oil 12

Adjustment of the Finnish Arctic Policy Contributes to Emerging EU’s Arctic Policy

By Kim Kuivalainen, First Secretary of the Unit for Regional Co-operation, Department for , Eastern Europe and Central Asia at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland | Photo Timo Lindholm

Arctic Strategies have become increasingly important is important to see the Arctic in the context of cooperation, not in context of competition. documents for how governments proceed in the North. The Prime Minister’s Office appointed a Kim Kuivalainen provides an update on the Finnish initiative Working Group on the 16th of February, 2010 to prepare a report on Finland’s policy review to create its own strategy and its natural interests in the area. for the Arctic region. The report is to be sub- mitted to the Parliament of Finland during the spring session of 2010. The time is right oreign Minister Alexander Stubb ed significantly to emerging Arctic issues with for drawing up the report as the overall po- addressed the public with an enthusiasm global importance. Today, the Arctic is the litical and economic importance of the region Fat the Arctic Centre’s 20th Anniversary top of the international agenda not least due is growing due to factors such as the region’s Seminar on September 20, 2009 in Rovaniemi. its fragile environment, impacts of climate natural resources and northern sea routes In his address, Mr Stubb stated, “Finland change, future of indigenous peoples, energy becoming accessible as a result of climate needs a comprehensive and ambitious Arctic interests and security concerns. Besides this change. Besides the Working Group, an Arctic Strategy of its own.” In addition to future global interest, domestic discussion has also Consultative Committee will be established in visions, he also recognised the long and heated up within the Finnish Parliament. In the spring of 2010 to facilitate domestic dis- consistent work of the Arctic Centre and November 2009, the Members of Parliament cussion and to follow up the Working Group’s its role as a part of vast network, such as gave their unanimous support for an adjust- review. UArctic. Stubb noted the Arctic Centre’s ment of the Government’s Arctic Policy. significant input for building the professional In addition to the work of the Government, and educational cooperation in and around the The work for readjusting the Arctic policy Finnish researchers are also contributing to circumpolar region and thus contributing to started in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs as the review process. As an example, I mention wide-ranging Arctic research. a contribution to the Arctic Communication here an initiative by Dr Lassi Heininen (the by the European Commission of November, Chairman of the Northern Research Forum) Rovaniemi, as an Arctic capital of Finland 2008. If only if the Communication can be that resulted in a fruitful discussion in a semi- has been source of inspiration for a number of seen as a starting point for a comprehensive nar, which took place at the Finnish Institute Finnish initiatives. These include the Northern Arctic policy of the EU, it clearly signals of International Affairs in February 2010. Dimension and the Arctic Environmental that the EU recognises the importance of the February’s seminar will come up with a series Protection Strategy, which was absorbed into Arctic. This recognition goes hand-in-hand of articles reflecting the challenges of a future the Arctic Council in 1996 and thus contribut- with one of the key objectives of Finland: It Arctic agenda. 13

Arctic Parliamentary Cooperation

By Bjørn Willy Robstad, Secretary General of the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region, Parliament of and Hannes Manninen, Chair of the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region, MP of Finland

he people living in the Arctic are import of seal products received criti- always the point of departure when cism from many Arctic countries and TArctic parliamentarians meet to the region’s indigenous peoples. At the discuss Arctic issues. Discussions cover conference in September, the politicians a broad range of issues including health, will discuss how natural resources in the maritime development and the environ- Arctic, including fish, seal and reindeer, ment. Education is also a topic close to should be managed in a sustainable and the heart of many of the members of the holistic way. The issue of the manage- Arctic parliamentary cooperation. ment of the rich resources in the Arctic is essential to both the people living in Ever since the Arctic parliamentar- the Arctic and the rest of the world. Without predicting the outcome of the ians actively supported the establish- Government Arctic report, I highlight some of ment of the University of the Arctic, At the conference in Brussels, the starting points for the report which have al- the Committee has had close ties with parliamentarians will also discuss ready been introduced by Minister Stubb: UArctic. The parliamentarians remain Arctic cooperation in education and re- strong supporters of UArctic and would search – including the follow-up to the First, Finland has a natural interest towards like to see it develop its cooperation fur- International Polar Year (IPY). One of Arctic issues. Our geography and history ther. Capacity building is paramount for the greatest challenges after IPY is like- make us an Arctic state and we have signifi- enabling the people living in the Arctic ly to be how to disseminate the knowl- cant economic, political and security interests to take part in the future possibilities of edge from IPY projects to a broader in the region. Second, Arctic issues should be building vital communities. audience, not least decision makers. dealt with in a rules-based multilateral frame- Arctic parliamentarians feel a particu- work with an emphasis on comprehensive se- At the next Arctic parliamentary con- lar responsibility in communicating curity including environmental aspects. The ference in Brussels, September 13-15, their knowledge to fellow Members of Finnish Arctic policy is to foster cooperation, 2010, the human dimension will be the Parliament. We have to make sure that not to build fences. And third, the future of the crosscutting concern on the agenda. The the IPY is not only a brilliant achieve- Arctic is not only of concern to some states ninth biennial conference will bring to- ment of the past, but a basis on which but a legitimate concern for all. gether fifty to sixty members of parlia- we can build our future Arctic policies. ment from the eight Arctic countries Besides reviewing the national priorities, the and the European Parliament, as well Participants at these conferences agree report will come up with not only expectations, as representatives from the indigenous upon a conference statement directed but also with substantial and concrete recom- peoples of the Arctic. to the Arctic Council, the governments mendations for the EU’s actions in the Arctic. of the Arctic countries and the institu- Finland welcomes the EU Commission’s The Arctic parliamentary conference tions of the European Union. The state- Communication and the Council Conclusions is a forum for discussing Arctic policy ment from the conference in Brussels on Arctic issues as important building blocks issues and presenting new ideas for will provide the basis for Arctic par- towards the formulation of the EU’s Arctic bringing Arctic cooperation a further liamentary cooperation and the work Policy. The EU is encouraged to take further step forward. One of the main items on of the Standing Committee of Arctic adequate measures to confront the new oppor- the agenda at the conference in Brussels Parliamentarians until the next confer- tunities and challenges. The following twelve will be “Sustainable use of living re- ence in 2012. months will have a strong Arctic flavour both sources in the Arctic.” The decision by in Finland’s and the EU’s agenda. the European Union in 2009 to ban the 14

Can Good Governance Save the Arctic?

By Oran Young, Chair of the Arctic Governance Project, University of California, Santa Barbara and Former Chair of UArctic Board of Governors and Else Grete Broderstad, University of Tromso, AGP Executive Secretary

he Arctic is experiencing a profound knowledge in support of decision-making. transformation driven by the interacting Governance systems need to address these Tforces of climate change and globaliza- challenges. Regardless of how many tion. Many believe that the region is approach- ing a threshold or a tipping point that will set Governance is often associated with gov- knowledge gaps we manage to the Arctic on a new course for the foresee- ernments and what they do, but governance able future. One possibility is an era of “high occurs at all levels of social organization and fill, there will always be issues of politics” marked by geopolitical tensions, a takes many forms. The AGP’s main message competition for the region’s natural resources, is that we need to understand governance as values and principles, different and the emergence of a “great game” in which a more complex process. Although govern- interests, distributional issues, major non-Arctic states like China and Japan ments often play a central role in the supply play prominent roles. But there is an alterna- of governance, less formal arrangements are and justice claims. tive path in which the Arctic emerges as an also important in meeting the demand for gov- exemplar for efforts to manage large and ernance in many settings. dynamic socio-ecological systems through the development of practices like ecosystem- The complexity and diversity of governance based management and spatial planning based problems call for an understanding stretch- on new concepts of participation acknowledg- ing beyond a pure management approach that ing the legitimate roles of non-state actors, features a set of tools to be applied to solve What is the way forward in the Arctic such as indigenous peoples’ organizations, concrete tasks where the goals are clear and today? The AGP has developed an Arctic environmental NGOs, and businesses. the outcomes measurable. Problem defini- action agenda calling for efforts to: tion, goal formulation and solution strategies The Arctic Governance Project (AGP), an are elements of the governance process itself. • Honour, implement, and enhance existing initiative rooted in civil society that brings Regardless of how many knowledge gaps we Arctic governance systems, including together a group of scientists, policymakers, manage to fill, there will always be issues of agreements between states and indigenous and indigenous leaders with long experience values and principles, different interests, dis- peoples in the Arctic, is examining the role of govern- tributional issues, and justice claims. • Strengthen the Arctic Council ance in this setting and exploring ways to ad- • Establish regulatory mechanisms to address just existing governance systems to maximize Some observers argue that what is needed in key functional and sectoral needs through the prospects that the Arctic will move toward the Arctic today is a comprehensive and le- appropriate international bodies the more cooperative path. Coordination and gally binding treaty, but this approach is un- • Institutionalize the science/policy interface in synthesis of scientific governance studies likely to succeed. The Arctic coastal states the Arctic are core elements of the AGP; recent work oppose this strategy, and it would be hard to • Create non-governmental Arctic stakeholder on Arctic governance has benefited from the incorporate the roles of important non-state forums or roundtables to build trust and growth of knowledge regarding biophysical, actors in an intergovernmental agreement. An promote dialogue on Arctic issues. socio-ecological and socioeconomic systems Arctic treaty would not address effectively in the Arctic. But there is much to be done to major global forces affecting the Arctic (e.g. Both the Arctic Action Agenda and a longer improve our insight concerning governance climate change). Treaties are also hard to ad- report providing the rationale underlying the challenges resulting from large-scale changes just to changing circumstances, a feature that recommendations included in the agenda are to regional and local claims of effective par- limits their value in settings calling for adap- available at the AGP website: ticipation, including the integration of local tive management. www.arcticgovernance.org 15

There is No Rush in the North

By Michael Hardt, Visiting Professor at the University of Lapland | Photo Panu Kauppi

Sustainable design in the t was a coincidence how I came to Rovaniemi. are so many clouds that you can’t see the Standing somewhere in a queue at a badly Aurora Borealis. Arctic is intricately connected Iorganised buffet at some badly organised conference I heard people behind me speak- In the North, you don’t have to tell your stu- with geography and culture; ing in a strange language. Asking where they dents anything about the basics of sustainable came from they said, “University of Lapland”. design. They feel sustainability. Design in the to understand it, you must Sounds exciting said I – cold and dark. “Come North is connected to tradition and nature, and see it yourself, we will invite you to give but at the same time looking into the future. see and feel it. Michael Hardt a lecture”, came the response. This was six Design is not aesthetic decoration but im- explains this and his passion years ago and since that time I come regu- proved function. Communication has to be di- larly as a guest professor. This “Arctic virus” rect and clear, products have to last a lifetime. for northern design. which makes you addicted to this part of the This might sound dry but you should see the earth infected me. The North is magic. No love they put into everything they do. They words to explain it. Come and see yourself. don’t design to impress others but to please themselves and this attitude makes the dif- People don’t rush up here. They live close ference. So I had no problems to get support to nature in a natural speed. Once you have to continue my research about sustainable adapted yourself to this slow motion you design. I could not imagine a more suitable understand why it is important not to place for it. In the North, be in a hurry all the time. You see much more and you understand much I have seen other academic environments you don’t have to tell better. And this is why they are so where you spend most of the time trying to your students anything concerned about my academic inter- convince people that your subject is rele- est: sustainable design. The whole vant, while at the same time you are fighting about the basics of world talks in abstract terms about against complicated rules of administration – those matters, but here in the Arctic of course always being in a hurry. Nothing of sustainable design. They you can see the need to act now and this daily nightmare of more southern hemi- feel sustainability. act fast. Climate change is not an ur- spheres bothers you here. Academic research ban problem. Perhaps climate change is highly respected and very efficiently sup- is when there is no snow in Lapland in ported by an administration that deserves to be November and the temperatures are above called “service.” There is no rush in the North; 0°C. At this point, it is cold and dark and there maybe that’s why things go faster here. 16

Siberian Food A Raw Deal Not for the Fainthearted

By Andreas Viestad, Norwegian Food Columnist and Professional Chef | Photos Mette Randem

f all the cowboy towns in all of Western of place. But even the departed predator is all food, and by what seems like one of the great Siberia, Schuch’ye must be one of the about reindeer. It was only killed after having nutritional illogicalities: How come the people Oroughest. Or, if it isn’t, I am scared to preyed on a flock of reindeer. here, who for extended periods eat nothing but think of what is. When we ride our Caterpillar the meat from one animal, are healthier than into town the first thing I see is a man with This is one of the few true remaining outskirts us? It is what Patricia Gadsby, writing about a gun next to a dead wolf. On a nearby field of a more and more globalized world, a remote the somewhat similar diet of the indigenous a group of men are showing off their lasso- village on the Yamal peninsula, north of the people in Northern Canada and throwing skills. , several hours by Caterpillar or for Discovery Magazine, called “The Inuit snowmobile from the nearest road, and nearly Paradox.” But of course it isn’t a cowboy town. It is a completely cut of from the rest of the world reindeer town. Outside the one-story adminis- during summer, when the thaw makes the tun- In this case it would be “The Nenets Paradox”. tration building the parking lot is nearly filled dra almost impossible to navigate. The Nenets – the indigenous reindeer-herding with parked reindeer, restlessly waiting for a people of this part of Siberia – have a menu racing competition to commence. Inside the Not many visitors come here. And of those that doesn’t quite sound like what the doc- administration building the women of the vil- who do, few come here for the cuisine, which tor ordered: they eat reindeer meat. Most of lage are having a fashion show – almost all has a reputation for being monotonous to the it is eaten raw or frozen. From September to clothes made from reindeer skins. In a large extreme. I have been drawn here by the lure of May they eat very little else, apart from the tent generous portions of reindeer stew are the exotic – this is as far away as you can come odd piece of raw, preferably frozen fish. One being ladled out. The whole thing is so rein- from what is here derogatively referred to as would think that this extreme protein and fat deer-centric that the wolf seems strangely out “civilization”. I have also been attracted by the driven diet would lead to a lot of health prob- 17

lems – obesity, cardiovascular diseases – but of raw, frozen meat, and then the marrow of a Irina and daughter Oxana serve up a diet not in the fact is the opposite. cooked bone, brings warmth and not a small very different from that served in the chum – dose of envy to any parent. But it also tells you frozen reindeer meat, stroganina, raw reindeer Often it can seem that the further away you quite a lot about the secret of the Nenets diet. liver and various other named and unnamed come from the city centers of the Arctic, the cuts. Oxana says this is what the family eats healthier people look. Another hour or so by In Salekhard, the capital of the Yamal-Nenet every day, for most meals. At first I think it reindeer sled, the connection between the land, Autonomous Republic, the town’s most might be a political statement, more an effort the people and the diet is even more evident fashionable restaurant, Beer-Line, is serving to convince me that they are not too cut off than in Schuch’ye. As the guest of Nicolai twelve-dollar-pints of imported beer to well- from their people even though they live in a Laptander and his wife Ustinia I spend the heeled administrators, businesspeople and oil- large mansion in the middle of town. But later, night in a chum – a traditional tent made from executives. It is just as you can expect from a when I go to fetch some boiling water from reindeer skins not unlike a Native American trendy boomtown bar almost anywhere in the the stove I notice something that convinces me tipi – where they live with their seven chil- world. However the food gives the place away. she is indeed telling the truth: One look at the dren. From what you can see the children look Peanuts and chips are not to be seen, instead kitchen fan makes it quite obvious that no-one extraordinarily healthy. And although the diet giggling girls and rough prospectors alike are has ever fried food in this house. is a challenge, even for this omnivore, what is eating stroganina, a kind of Siberian sushi or exceedingly clear is that the Laptanders don’t sashimi – long, crisp shavings of frozen fish. only eat reindeer meat – they eat all parts of the animal. To see an eight year old child reach for At the home of one of the region’s most prom- another piece of raw liver and then a helping inent politicians, Sergey Khuruchy, his wife 18

sence nal pre dditio ers, a mb Me

us mp ca ain m rs, be em M

s ce The UArctic Network- fi ffi O tic rc A e Ten Years of Collaboration, h t f o ity rs e Sharing, and Growth iv n U

By Outi Snellman, Vice-President Administration, UArctic

he University of the Arctic mate change to both (UArctic) started in 2001 as environments and so- Ta small community of enthu- cieties, and the debat- siastic individuals and institutions ed balance between with a common vision. Nearly ten the economic and en- years later, it is an ever-expanding vironmental impacts network of over 120 organizations of opening sea routes from all over the Circumpolar have brought the far North. North to the world’s attention. With this It can be argued that the network increased interest already includes all higher educa- from outside the re- tion institutions in the North. This gion, it is more im- represents an incredible potential portant than ever that for institutional partnerships, as UArctic stays true to each member gains a set of partners its mission to strengthen with a shared commitment towards northerners voices and diverse, holistic, and circumpolar empower them to deter- higher education and research. mine their own futures. Building human capacity Together, UArctic’s members have through higher education col- more than 45 000 academic faculty laboration and mobility is the and over 740 000 students. It is the most effective way to accom- il p d r sharing of their resources, both hu- plish this goal. o , N man and material, that has been s iu the key to UArctic’s success and Within UArctic, northerners are ex- n le h growth. The incredible power of the changing ideas and innovating new A o g u network lies not only in what mem- approaches that demonstrate the H d bers have in common, but also in strength of northern leadership and n n a how they complement each other. decision-making. The scientific and ne iti La political authorities the world turns a kk Pe In 2010, we are seeing an incredible to regarding issues in the Arctic li- Ve increase in the world’s attention to region are no longer from Ottawa, 0, 01 ic 2 the Arctic region. Renewed asser- Moscow, or Brussels. They are rct he A tions of state sovereignty in Arctic from Kautokeino, Yellowknife, and of t rsity Unive waters, multivariate impacts of cli- Murmansk. Map / © 19

sence nal pre dditio UArctic Facts ers, a mb Me Over 120 members – higher education institutions, colleges, research us mp institutes, other organizations ca ain m Across the 8 Arctic countries: rs, be Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, , US em M Founded in 2001 es ic Programs in the following Strategic Areas: ffif O Thematic Networks, Undergraduate Studies, Graduate Studies, tic rc Mobility, Knowledge and Dialogue, Service to Members. A e th f 13 offices located in six northern countries o Over 740 000 students, 100 000 total staff (full-time equivalent) ity rs including 45 000 academics in all member institutions combined e iv n U Want to stay informed? Subscribe to the UArctic Shared Voices electronic Newsletter at www.uarctic.org/sharedvoices www.uarctic.org

Through their engage- will relate to Thematic Networks in ment in programs, our some way. members are working together for the sus- Recognizing that the future sus- tainable development tainability of the North cannot be of the circumpolar realized in conflict with the South, region. Our under- but rather in partnership with it, graduate and graduate UArctic is introducing a new cate- academic programs gory of membership in 2010. From and our mobility ex- now on, UArctic will welcome in- changes are giving stitutions from outside the eight students unique op- Arctic countries as Associate mem- portunities to study bers. In 2010, UArctic has reached the North first hand, a number of additional milestones. but more importantly First, UArctic established itself as to meet and learn from a legal entity, the University of the each other. By creating Arctic Association, based on Finnish true circumpolar learning, law. This will enable UArctic to UArctic is ensuring the form contracts and receive funds next generation of Arctic on an international level. Second, leaders will be prepared for UArctic for the first time ever, has the coming challenges of a some non-earmarked resources at fully globalized North. its disposal, which will enable the Board of UArctic to have more con- The sharing of knowledge about the trol over its prioritizations. Arctic is not only beneficial for stu- dents, but also for Arctic researchers With UArctic’s continued growth and educators. UArctic's Thematic and evolution, the power of the Networks allow academics to be network will only increase, adding part of an open and constant dia- to the meaning of the motto “With logue on issues of shared interest. Shared Voices.” UArctic has set a The UArctic Strategic Plan defines lofty goal—to change the future for the Thematic Networks as the key the Circumpolar North. Recognizing mechanism for implementing the the collective potential of the entire goals set by its members. Therefore, network, it is indeed possible to be- most UArctic activities in the future lieve that this is already happening. 20

UARCTIC – OUR MEMBERSHIP IN CONTEXT

north2north ARCTIC IN THE STUDENT MOBILITY DIGITAL PERIPHERY? 2004-2009 TOTAL STUDENTS Rank by Percentage of Internet Users rwa ede and way 8 NORTH2NORTH No y Sw n enl 90 or 5% ARCTIC IN THE 9 re % N 2 9 6 6 G 0 7 5 2 AT UARCTIC MEMBER INSTITUTIONS MOBILITY NUMBERS 1 2 DIGITAL PERIPHERY? Rank by Percentage of Internet Users 2004-2009 mark 81 eden 80 a n % Finland Icel nd e % Sw D 6 10 5 9 1 4 2 TOTAL1 STUDENTS orwa ede land way 85 N y Sw n 741,817Source: UArctic 2009 5 6 en 90 or %

9 re % N 2 9 6 6 G 0 7 5 2 and 7 ada 7 nad d S UARCTIC STUDENTS inl 9% an 3% AT Ca UARCTICa nite tate MEMBER INSTITUTIONSF C U s BCS STUDENTS 9 2 1 PER COUNTRY 6 3 1 9 4 4 Circumpolar Studies Student Enrolments 2001/02 – 2008/09 273,736 8 14 188,565 2,781 1 2 101,484 89,280 1,298 1,269 d States land 67 te 73 Ice % Russia ni % 856 36,189 U 5 29 34,548

6 2 597 8,542 6,748 173 2,250 15 22 64 63

475 ark en inland elan nm 81% wed 80% F Ic d De S 1 9 6 0 25 1 4 ussia 21% United States Russia Finland Sweden Norway Denmark United Kingdom Iceland Greenland

2001- 02 2002- 03 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 R

1 Canada 2006- 07 2007- 08 2008- 09 Source: UArctic

TOTAL DISTANCE LEARNING 91 741,817Source:STUDENTS UArctic IN UARCTIC MEMBERS 5 6 Source: UN Data (data.un.org) 2007 99,927 Source: UArctic 2009 Source: UArctic 2009 TOTAL NUMBER OF ECONOMY land 79 ada 73 nad d S Source: UArctic 2009 in % an % Ca a nite tate GRP DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE ARCTIC F C 9 U 2 1 INSTITUTIONS PARTICIPATING IN MEMBER TYPES

6 3 BCS STUDENTS 1 9 4 STUDENTS PER STATEHigher Education s Ins Inst 4 UARCTIC ONLINE DELIVERY ou ti rn itu uct Per Cap n tu e t rod ita Institutions e t h i P (1 United States 3% t o l Circumpolarg i r Studies Studenta Enrolments00 i o n n 0 o io n U d s g

e S s N n R D

I s P 2001/02 – 2008/09 s P o r P ) G ∙ 8 14 ∙

273,736 84 2,781

∙

∙ 32% 9 12% 0 a

Canada 35% 188,565 0 N

∙ -

1 0 Russia 35% 0 0 0 7 0 7 - 37 ∙ Stat nd 6 1 0 d e la 7 101,484 Other UArctic 0 e 7 e % 0 0 it 3 c 31 121 1,298 0 1,269 % I Russia 0 ∙ 5 n Organizations - 1 0

89,280 U Members in 2001 Members in 2009 5 0 2 00 50 5 9 ∙ 1 0 - 6 2 500 - 2500 ∙ 250 Finland 10% Source: UArctic 2009

856 Norway 10 % 10 Norway 36,189 34,548 597 Source: ArcticStat / The Economy of the North 2008 Iceland 7% 19 THEMATIC NETWORKS 8,542

173 15 22 6,748 Source: UArctic 2009 Participating Partners in Each Network 2,250 TOTAL STAFF 64 63 AT UARCTIC MEMBER INSTITUTIONS

NORTHERN TOURISM: 8 • SOCIAL WORK:475 27 • ARCTIC MEDICINE: 14 • DIGITAL MEDIA AND MEDIA ARTS: 4 UARCTIC PARTICIPATION IN IPY DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING: 4 • ENERGY IN NEW TIME: 5 • GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY: 10 GLOBAL CHANGE: 25 • INDIGENOUS ARTS AND CRAFTS: 4 • JOURNALISM: 5 • LOCAL AND REGIONAL sia 21 DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH: 30 • NORTHERN AGRICULTURE: 3 • NORTHERN GOVERNANCE: 21 Rus % ARCTIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE: 6 • VERDDE PROGRAM: 6 • COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE Canada United State Russian Federation Finland Sweden Norway Denmark United Kingdom Iceland Greenland 13% CO-MANAGEMENT: 6 • WORLD IMAGES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE2001- 02 OF2002- 03 THE NORTH:2003- 04 6 • ENVIRONMENTAL2004- 05 2005- 06 98,5082006- 07 2007- 08 2008- 09 Source: UArctic Of total 3776 partners in 230 projects IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRY CONTAMINATED AREAS: 9 • ARCTIC COASTAL AND MARINE ISSUES: 2 Smallest Institution 65 Staff

Source: UArctic 2009 Source: UArctic Source: UArctic 2009 OPEN DISTANCE EDUCATION 91 Total Number of Distance Learning Students Source: UArctic

Source: UN Data (data.un.org) Source: UArctic MEMBER TYPES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 84 99,927 INSTITUTIONS PARTICIPATING IN n Insti Source: UArctic UARCTIC ONLINE DELIVERY er tu t ECONOMY h i t o r n GRP DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE ARCTIC

o s United State 3%

N

t Per oduc Capit CATALOGUE Pr a ( l 1 na 00 32% io 0 g U s e d Total Number of Northern Relevant s Ins R ou ti s P n tu s p e t o p g i r COURSES LISTED 120 i o ) G Canada 35% ∙

d n ∙

s n

Russian 35% I Total Number of Northern Relevant

∙

∙ 9 STUDY PROGRAMS 47 0 a 0 N

∙ 12% -

1 0 0 0 0 7 Courses and Programs Related to 0 7 ∙ - OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 37 1 0 Finland 10% 0 0 0 0 CLIMATE CHANGE 37 % 10 Norway 0 5 - ∙ 15 00 00 50 Iceland 7% ∙ 1 0 - Source: UArctic 31 121 500 - 2500 ∙ 250 Members in 2001 Members in 2010 TOTAL STAFF Source: UArctic Source: UArctic Source: ArcticStat / The Economy of the North 2008 AT UARCTIC MEMBER INSTITUTIONS 17 THEMATIC NETWORKS UARCTIC PARTICIPATION IN IPY ARCTIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE: 6 • ARCTIC MEDICINE: 14 • DIGITAL MEDIA AND MEDIA ARTS: 4 DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING: 4 • ENERGY IN NEW TIME: 5 • GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY: 10 98,508 GLOBAL CHANGE: 25 • INDIGENOUS ARTS AND CRAFTS: 4 • JOURNALISM: 5 • LOCAL AND REGIONAL Smallest Institution 65 Staff 13% DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH: 30 • NORTHERN AGRICULTURE:3 • NORTHERN GOVERNANCE: 21 Largest Institution 53,106 Staff Of total 3776 partners NORTHERN TOURISM: 8 • SOCIAL WORK: 27 • VERDDE PROGRAM: 6 • COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL in 230 projects RESOURCE CO-MANAGEMENT: 6 • WORLD IMAGES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF THE NORTH: 6

Source: UArctic Source: UArctic Source: UArctic 21

Polar Firsts: Chinese Student Finds Law and Much More in Iceland

By Chen Yichao If there is one word that seems to describe Chen Yichao it is 'first'. Chen is the first Chinese student to study Polar Law, in the first graduating class of A Forum for the the Polar Law program, after recently graduating from the first ever grad- uate studies program in human rights law in China. Indeed, doing some- Leadership of UArctic thing new is nothing new at all to Chen. In fact, the 26 year old, raised in Hangzhou, China has been discover- ing new academic frontiers since he enrolled at the China University of Member Institutions Political Science and Law (CUPL) to study human rights in 2006. "I thought China needed students who major in human rights law as the bridge to connect China and Western countries in this field, especially since the By Brian Rogers, Chair of the UArctic Rectors’ Forum Planning Committee, Human Rights Clause is enshrined in the Amendment of Constitution in Chancellor of University of Alaska Fairbanks 2004", Yichao said, "and the Human Rights Law Master Programme in my CUPL would be the best platform for this aim”. Perhaps even more extraordinary was Chen’s decision to enrol in the he Fourth Rectors’ Forum UArctic institutions. The stu- L.L.M Polar Law Program at the University of Akureyri in Akureyri, Iceland of the University of the dents, who will be invited by in 2007 following the completion of his studies in CUPL. Though the Arctic Arctic, hosted by the their Rectors, will bring their was never featured in Chen’s studies in China, a memorable visit from Dr. T Gudmundur Alfredsson, pioneer of the Polar Law Program and notable University of Alaska Fairbanks, unique perspective to the overall will provide a unique oppor- gathering and the many timely human rights academic, to CUPL in 2006 conceived a new research in- terest for the young academic. Told by Chen, “I went to Iceland just be- tunity for leaders of postsec- issues discussed during their cause the Arctic countries have an excellent reputation in human rights ondary institutions to discuss three-day seminar. Components records. I didn’t know so much about Polar Law at that time. But then af- common challenges facing of the student seminar will over- ter one year of studies, I found China has an extremely important inter- educators throughout the North. lap with the Forum, providing a est in the Arctic area and that polar law is totally like virgin soil to Chinese The UArctic Rectors’ Forum is rich opportunity for students academic fields. To be honest, this is really an unexpected gain from my the only annual meeting held and Rectors to interact with and Polar Law studies”. specifically for the heads of learn from each other. But if it was human rights that brought Chen to Iceland, it was the na- postsecondary institutions in the ture and lifestyle of the North that will forever leave a lasting impression. Circumpolar North. Additional meeting information, “I can't believe there would be such a beautiful and peaceful place like including a draft agenda, travel Akureyri. All of my classmates are so kind and warm-hearted. Although I'm As its central objective, the and hotel rates, and sightsee- the only child in my family, all of my friends in Iceland feel like my broth- ers and sisters!” After completing the first year of his studies in April 2009, Rectors’ Forum in Fairbanks ing opportunities, can be found Chen returned home to China to complete his thesis. As you might guess, will promote understanding of on the UArctic website. The Chen’s research has focussed on human rights in the Arctic and specifi- post secondary education’s fa- University of Alaska Fairbanks cally how it is applied to northern indigenous peoples. Chao's next trip to cilitation role for communities cordially invites Rectors to con- the Arctic will again be in Iceland, as he prepares for his Polar Law gradu- seeking to build resiliency and sider vacation excursions before ation in June, 2010. increase capacity for respond- or after the meeting. Alaska has ing to rapid change. The Forum many exciting destinations and will provide opportunities for is ideal for traveling with fami- Rectors to share their perspec- lies. tives on topics that include rapid and intense changes in several The University of Alaska Fair- areas, including health, energy, banks and the community of natural resources, culture and Fairbanks look forward to host- indigenous affairs, infrastruc- ing our northern colleagues at ture, tourism, and climate. America’s Arctic University.

The Rectors’ Forum will be For more information, please enriched by the inclusion of a visit the UArctic Rectors’ graduate seminar comprising Forum website at: a small group of students from www.uarctic.org/rectorsforum 22

By Kirsi Latola, Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland, Martin Price, UHI Millennium Institute, Scotland

Adapting to Climate Change: Local Solutions to a Global Challenge

limate change is now recognized as a change may bring opportunities for fostering Clim-ATIC activities are taking major global challenge. Climate mod- the sustainability of communities in the north- place in the following regions Cels and recent experience suggest that ern periphery through local employment op- the Arctic is already experiencing, and will portunities, social benefits, and environmen- and communities: continue to experience, far greater changes tal management. The primary funder is the than many other parts of the world, affecting European Commission’s Northern Periphery Finland the environments on which northern people Programme; other funding comes from part- City of Rovaniemi, Kittilä and Kolari depend in many ways. Some of these changes ners in the five participating countries. Greenland have negative impacts, while others may be Sisimiut, Ilulissat and Uummanaq positive (at least for a certain period of time). The knowledge gained is initially being made The key question is how northern communi- available to all those participating, and then Norway ties will be able to adapt. to non-participating communities and stake- County of Sogn og Fjordane and Flora holders, through the website and regional and Scotland The three-year (2008-11) Clim-ATIC international dissemination events, includ- Cairngorms National Park and Glen Urquhart (Climate Change - Adapting to The Impacts, ing a final international conference in Florø, by Communities in Northern Peripheral Norway, on October 26-28, 2010. Long-term Sweden Regions) project aims to help to provide an- benefits will be assured through an accessible Lycksele and Åre swers to these questions. Clim-ATIC involves and up-to-date service on climate change and various UArctic members, including the UHI adaptation at the community level. A business Millennium Institute (project leader), and plan for this service is currently being devel- the Universities of Oulu (UArctic Thematic oped, taking into consideration the results of Network on global change in the Arctic), needs surveys conducted in 2009 and the vari- University of Lapland and Umeå University. ous relevant existing and emerging initiatives Its overall objective is to establish a sustain- in the region. able information, advice and training serv- ice for community climate change adapta- For more information, please visit: tion across Europe’s northern periphery. The www.clim-atic.org project and the eventual service have a par- Also, consider attending the final conference. ticular emphasis on identifying how climate

The project includes a series of undertake a comprehensive review of likely short- develop, adopt and begin implementation of and long-term implications of climate change on a community climate change adaptation strategies in linked activities involving academic number of rural communities in each region; the participating communities; and public sector organizations, develop climate change vulnerability scenarios, plan, deliver and evaluate 12 adaptation communities, and other stakeholders using climate change data and models, social demonstration projects on four themes: sustainable change scenarios, and local knowledge and energy management, sustainable transport, tourism across the five regions, to build the experience; opportunities, risk management and response. necessary knowledge to contribute identify barriers and opportunities for rural to the eventual service: communities that wish to adapt to climate change; 23

Future Experts on Health and Wellbeing in Arctic Regions

By Hannele Savela, Project Planner for the Centre for Arctic Medicine at the Thule Institute, University of Oulu and Arja Rautio, Programme Director of the Circumpolar Health and Wellbeing Program

Arctic’s first international, jointly de- a second home for me. I’m impressed by the Both Sandra and Anastasia are pleased with veloped Master’s Degree program efficiency of services here, both in the city of the opportunity to accomplish most of the Ustarted with its first set of students Oulu and at the university. As my dad often compulsory studies by distance learning, in January 2009. Now in its second year, the says, ‘Finland – what a great country!’ and I which enables them to keep working and to Program has received positive results from agree it is!” make a living. Anastasia says, “It can make students, who already see the benefits of their studying process easier; join the students and education. teachers wherever they are at the moment. You can also choose the time when to study The Master’s Program in Circumpolar Health in part of the day that suits you best. It makes and Wellbeing provides the Arctic region with “I will use the it possible to work as well. I feel it’s a good much needed experts in the field of health and option for studying.” wellbeing. The curriculum is unique by its knowledge gained in the truly multidisciplinary nature, but also because What kind of plans do these soon-to-be gradu- the students can complete a notable portion of program in teaching activities, ates have for the future? Sandra plans to con- studies by modern distance learning methods. tinue her studies further: “My Master’s thesis The students are now in their second year of including the use of innovative about the legacy of and its impact studies and have already gained variety of ex- on indigenous health of Sami in Finland and periences about the program. Many students approaches like in First Nations in Canada is a start of a larger re- are starting their Master’s thesis or are cur- this program." search project that I will carry out at the PhD rently having their exchange period in one level. The skills and knowledge gained from of the program’s seven partner universities the program provide me with the initial con- located in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Russia tacts with communities in Finland and at the and Canada. university, as I’m seriously considering com- Anastasia Emelyanova, a student from Russia, pleting my PhD work here in Finland.” Canadian student Sandra Juutilainen is cur- is thrilled about her ongoing Master’s the- rently on exchange period in University of sis: “It’s about population aging and related Anastasia has several ideas on her mind: “I Oulu, Finland. She finds that studying in the social policy response. In my point of view, will use the knowledge gained in the program program has widened her knowledge in sev- elderly people are the basis of society’s wis- in teaching activities, including the use of eral ways: “Definitely, gaining a broader per- dom and experience. All over the world, they innovative approaches like in this program. spective of health has been most interesting might feel themselves neglected or deprived. Also, any public work from my side will re- for me. I’ve benefited from the interaction Social policy should face problems of older flect the circumpolar specificity. In a word, I with colleagues from different countries. Also citizens especially under rapid demographic would like to do my best for development of having the opportunity to learn more about changes in age structures. Surely, it’s impos- cooperation between the circumpolar partner the Sámi culture has been interesting not only sible to cover the whole globe, so I focused states, which interact with each other in the from the perspective of my research project, my research on the circumpolar territory of social and medical aid, and in cultural, envi- but also from my own interest in indigenous the Barents Euro-Arctic Region. I hope that a ronmental and other aspects.” peoples.” good example of coping with population ag- ing in Scandinavian areas will be helpful for More information about the program can be Sandra tells that the exchange period has Russia's northern regions, where aging proc- found from the website: exceeded her expectations: “I’ve only been ess is connected with other negative socio- http://arctichealth.oulu.fi/mch in Finland for three months and it’s already demographic tendencies.” 24 NunavikBuilding and Developing In a dramatically changing northern Canada, Nunavik provides a case study of positive change. 25

By Pita Aatami, President of the Makivik Corporation | Photo Robert Frechette

unavik region (507 000 km2) is located in the Traditions that have governed the daily lives of Inuit are northern part of the Province of Quebec, Canada, no longer suited to all new realities of an ever-changing Nwhere 10 000 Inuit live in 14 coastal communities. world. Seeing beyond the present is my goal as President Since 1975, Nunavik has undergone rapid political chan- of Makivik Corporation. We must recognize the need to ges. The Inuit of Nunavik viewed the 1975 James Bay and find ways to engage the mind and spirit of a generation Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) in the context of of Inuit. I strongly believe that the Inuit of Nunavik are a new beginning, in terms of developing and implement- actually laying the foundations of a new Inuit society. ing a new relationship and way of doing business with the Today’s youth will eventually take over responsibilities Governments of Canada and Quebec. In December 2007, and pursue the work. In order to do so, Inuit youth need an agreement was signed for the creation of a Nunavik a solid education and good living conditions. The recent Regional Government and a Nunavik representative nomination of Makivik as a new Council member of the Assembly. University of the Arctic is another step in supporting and promoting higher education for the Inuit of Nunavik. Politically, culturally and economically, Makivik Corporation has been a leader in building and developing Politically, the Inuit of Nunavik have settled their compre- a vibrant region called Nunavik, where Inuit have estab- hensive land claims and are building the political, institu- lished their own distinct place and identity within Quebec tional and economic development structures necessary for and Canada. From our very beginning, the Inuit of Nunavik us to control our own destiny within our region. In the last have recognized the importance of science and research thirty years, the Inuit of Nunavik have developed their vi- in building Nunavik's economic future, the protection of sion: to run their own affairs with an autonomous public our natural resources and the health of our communities government that is adapted to the realities of the Inuit and and people. For more than 30 years, we have backed it up in line with the country’s fundamental legal framework. with financial commitments through the establishment and The Nunavik Regional Agreement will allow Inuit and all operation of our Nunavik Research Centre (NRC), located residents of Nunavik to chart their future and determine in the community of Kuujjuaq, which is recognized as a their priorities as a society. first class research centre and a model for Arctic research by Inuit. We welcome future developments, but we must be in- volved and the terms of our claims must be respected. We NRC employs key scientific and technical staff, all fully will insist that our communities benefit, and that there are committed to excellence on a range of science issues opportunities for our businesses and our people and es- specific to the Nunavik region, including the quality and pecially our youth. Above all, we will insist that future safety of country foods, environmental studies and wild- developments are supported by solid research initiatives life management, as well as sustainable development. to protect our lands and environment, especially our wild- NRC is the first of its kind in Eastern Canada, capable of life. tracing and tracking heavy metals and other contaminants of illnesses in wildlife that our residents remain depend- In summary, I believe that the overall philosophy that our ant upon on for their daily food. Several programs are car- land claims are built upon should apply to whatever initia- ried out in collaboration with government and academic tives we undertake in the future of the Arctic. It simply scientists from southern Canada and internationally. The ensures that what we do and the way we do it improves on Cartographic Section conducts land-use studies and en- the social, economic and environmental conditions of the vironmental assessments, maintains and creates GIS data- people who live here. This can only be achieved through bases, and provides mapping services through the use of continued consultation, involvement and partnership. the GIS technology. 26

Why UNBC Students are Excited about Northern Research

A Life’s Journey to the North Anke Krey, Sonja Ostertag, Becky Cadsand, and Kate Hrinkevich Students of University of Northern British Columbia By Nikolas Sellheim M.A. Candidate in the Polar Law Program, University of Akureyri Scandinavia – Astrid Lindgren and elks, reindeer and forests. This roman- Studying and researching the North is ticized perception of the European North did not last long. When I start- ed my in Berlin in 2005, I did not yet realize where not all about isolation. As the University they would take me. The histories of the Nordic countries, their languag- es, mythologies and cultures were all covered by the program, yet my in- of Northern British Columbia’s Northern terest went beyond the European North - to the fascinating world of the Circumpolar Arctic. Research Group illustrates, learning and Therefore, I decided to take a break from Scandinavian Studies and ven- ture to the Arctic Circle, to Rovaniemi, Finland, in order to participate in sharing from local communities is an the Arctic Studies Program (ASP). The ASP deals with pressing current and future issues related to climate change, indigenous peoples’ rights and important part of the educational process. Arctic governance. During the one year of intense studying in Finland, it became apparent to me that my academic future lies within the frame- work of UArctic and in the Arctic generally. Consequently, after having he sound of several gunshots woke up returned to Berlin in 2008, I continued my Arctic studies with the online Sonja in the middle of the night. She Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) from Bodø University College, while Tblinked into the midnight sun shin- at the same time finishing my Bachelor’s in Scandinavian Studies. ing through the tent and needed a couple of Where to next if I wanted to deal with Arctic issues in my Master’s pro- seconds to realize that she was in an Inuit gram? The answer came swiftly: the Master’s program in Polar Law in hunter’s camp on the remote Hendrickson Akureyri, Iceland. Situated in the barren north of Iceland, the natural sur- Island in the Western Canadian Arctic. For the roundings of Akureyri are a strong contrast to the forest-covered European rest of the night and most of the following day north that I had previously experienced. she found herself in shallow water helping to The program combines legal, political and social sciences to a compre- get beluga whales on the shore, cutting off hensive, analytical and progressive subject while strongly focusing on le- heads covered in blood and removing brains gal issues relating to the governance regimes of the Arctic, its peoples and from the whale’s skulls. This was one of many resources. What made it even more interesting for me, is the inclusion of days spent sampling whales alongside Inuit traditional legal systems and traditional knowledge. hunters, scientists and youth, but represented Here I am now in early 2010, doing my Master’s in Polar Law, close to the only one part of a multi-faceted research pro- Icelandic Arctic Circle. UArctic’s involvement in the shaping and fram- gram that strives to build partnerships among ing of this program makes it the perfect continuation of the Bachelor of researchers and community members from Circumpolar Studies (BCS) and the Arctic Studies Program (ASP). Not only Tuktoyaktuk. Sonja’s work in the Arctic dif- is the content further developed, but there are also students from the ASP and BCS, as well as familiar lecturers who contribute to a unique study at- fers greatly from her everyday laboratory life, mosphere and a feeling of a UArctic family. in which she is studying the effects of contam- inants in beluga whales for her PhD. The next step will be to finish the degree in 2011 and then start prepara- tions for a PhD in Arctic environmental governance. Many ideas for filling Sonja is also the founder of the Northern the gaps in research have arisen throughout the program. By gaining a PhD, the long-term goal is to find a suitable position in a research institute Research Group (NRG) at the University of or a university, not only to pursue further Arctic research, but also for con- Northern British Columbia. Participants in veying the gained knowledge to future student generations in an age of the NRG are students involved in northern increasing importance to the Arctic. research from different disciplines and from 27

many parts of the world, each with his or her North, perhaps because we often work along- ern environments. This research is desperately our own reasons for wanting to spend time in side Inuit and First Nations people to carry out needed: approximately 40% of Canada’s land- the North. Some are fascinated by the extreme our research in a safe and culturally appropri- mass is north of 60 degrees latitude. Climate ecosystem, or admire the people living up ate manner. Furthermore, since we are often change, environmental contaminants and North; some embrace the beauty of Northern working on traditional territory, researchers resource extraction are influencing northern landscapes; and others like the adventure con- must usually receive community support for ecosystems and may profoundly affect the nected with working in harsh environmental their studies prior to carrying out data collec- people who are deeply connected to the land conditions or the combination of all. As NRG tion. This requirement can encourage scien- and ocean. As northern researchers, we have members, we know that the common denomi- tists from various disciplines to interact with the opportunity to not only increase our under- nator is the passion for doing research in a northerners, which may lead to unique oppor- standing of the North, but also to be involved remote location that takes us out of our com- tunities for us to broaden our understanding in a process of rethinking how research can fort zones and lets us grow as researchers and of issues that are directly applicable to people be carried out to meet the needs of both aca- as people. There is also a significant cultural living in Northern Canada. demic and northern communities. That is why component in our work up North: we are fre- we formed the NRG. We have created a forum quently collaborating or working with local As students working in the North, we meet for sharing our experiences and expectations people whose traditions and culture are quite with fellow researchers across fields and dis- about the work that we do because we want it different from our own. The human dimension ciplines that are committed to appreciating to make a difference, both in the communities of research is frequently present when you go and understanding the whole picture of north- of the North as well as our university. 28

The Legacy of IPY EALÁT: A UArctic Instrument for Local Competence Building in the North

By Inger Marie G. Eira, Robert W Corell, Ole Henrik Magga, Nancy G. Maynard, Svein D. Mathiesen, Anders Oskal, and Mikhael Pogodaev UArctic Institute of Circumpolar Reindeer Husbandry | Photo Svein D. Mathiesen

Though IPY has reached its ámi University College in Kautokeino edge to understand these changes and plan and the International Centre for Reindeer for the future. This will require a new type end, the IPY EALÁT project SHusbandry (ICR), both members of of cooperation between herders, industry, re- University of the Arctic, are based in the heart searchers, management and governments. provides a good example of of the Sapmi in Kautokeino, Norway. In recent Experience has shown that many environmen- years, these institutions have built up a profes- tal problems are not solved solely through the how a collaborative project has sional network in circumpolar reindeer hus- use of conventional science. There is a need bandry through the International Polar Year for a new social contract between science and provided long-term solutions (IPY), in cooperation with the Association of society, where reindeer herders’ systematic World Reindeer Herders (WRH). Known as traditional ecological knowledge is included towards improved capacity- the IPY EALÁT project, these institutions are in decision–making processes. Today, views investigating how traditional reindeer herding regarding traditional knowledge have evolved. building in northern socities societies in the Arctic are adapting to climate The global community has begun to demand variability and change. the implementation of local and traditional through innovative teaching knowledge, and even institutions such as the Climate variability, climate change and the United Nations require and encourage that and research methods. social changes associated with globalization traditional knowledge be embedded into the have been and will continue to be the cause management of the natural environment. of major changes in the physical environment, ecology and culture for both indigenous com- With its special focus on adaptation to the munities and other communities in the Arctic. challenges of climate variability and change, It is important to use both scientific and indig- as well as the pressing issue of loss of pas- enous peoples' traditional ecosystem knowl- tures, IPY EALÁT has an important long- 29

term contribution towards capacity-building ies. Furthermore, IPY EALÁT has provided mechanism related to indigenous peoples and in reindeer herding societies across Eurasia. new opportunities for young reindeer herders reindeer herders’ knowledge production. IPY EALÁT hopes that Arctic indigenous to meet other young herders in workshops, peoples’ insights and understanding will con- lectures, research projects and cultural ex- IPY EALÁT understands that traditional tribute to new dimensions in UArctic, cur- change. ecological understandings and adaptation to rently not recognized in conventional science. climate change demands the training of lo- IPY EALÁT has developed new Bachelor and During IPY, EALÁT established a unique cal Arctic leaders in both indigenous peoples Master’s courses in cooperation with UArctic, institutional network in the Circumpolar and the society at large in long-term sustain- as well as developed research techniques and North that will be maintained for future able thinking. This must be based on the best communication strategies focusing on rein- cooperation between peoples and govern- available knowledge on indigenous peoples’ deer husbandry, human coupled ecosystems ments. Therefore, as a continuation of these traditional ecological understanding and ad- and climate change. These include developing efforts, the Association of World Reindeer aptation. This encompasses both scientific online nomadic education, adapted to rein- Herders, the International Centre for Reindeer and experience based traditional and local deer herders. Secondly, IPY EALÁT is also Husbandry and the Sami University College knowledge. The recently endorsed IPY legacy creating a Master’s course titled ‘Adaptation have taken the initiative to establish a UArctic UArctic Institute for Circumpolar Reindeer to Global Change in the Arctic’, as part of the Institute for Circumpolar Reindeer Husbandry Husbandry, (UArctic EALÁT Institute) will UArctic Thematic Network on Global Change. (UArctic EALÁT Institute) as a legacy of the be an important mechanism to reach this This unique course will be available begin- International Polar Year. It is envisaged that goal. ning in autumn 2010, in cooperation with lead this institute will build and expand on the Arctic researchers in the Circumpolar North. network already established in the republic For more information visit: It is hoped that the results provided will bring of Sahka (Yakutia) and the Yamalo- Nenets www.ealat.org new and important perspectives to sustain- Autonomous Okrug in Russia. This new able research and teaching in Arctic societ- UArctic cluster institute will be an important 30

Nunavut Arctic College Benefits from UArctic Circumpolar Cooperation

By Jamie Bell, Public Affairs Officer, Nunavut Arctic College and Linda Pemik, Director of Academic Affairs, Nunavut Arctic College

s a proud partner of the University of not only about international is- the Arctic, the Board of Governors and sues that they can then bring Astaff of Nunavut Arctic College recog- into the classroom, but also nize how important a circumpolar university about international devel- is to northern development and the benefits opment opportunities for that participation can bring to the people of students.” our territory. An example of the suc- With financial support from the Government cess of the college’s UArctic partnership of Canada, Arctic College has been able to ac- is the growing interest and participation University College and Nunavut Arctic tively participate in promoting the UArctic in in the north2north student mobility program. College, signed in 2006. The original focus Canada, and to contribute to the development This year, Arctic College’s Nunatta Campus in was on aboriginal teacher training issues, with of UArctic programs. Iqaluit welcomed Alasakan Inupiaq exchange regard to educational and scientific coopera- student Marjorie Thabone from the University tion. As a result of the current meetings with “Education is the single largest factor deter- of Alaska, Fairbanks. Arctic College the Sami University College, Arctic College mining income and employment levels, and it Management Studies student Lily Maniapik intends to expand these areas of cooperation. continues to be a key factor in the growth and went to Finnmark University College in Both Sami and Inuit can continue to learn development of capable, effective and sus- Norway. Environmental Technology student from each other as both peoples struggle to tainable aboriginal governments,” said Arctic Jodi McGregor is spending 2009-2010 at the maintain a balance between modern and tra- College’s Senior Academic Officer, Linda University of Lapland in the Arctic Studies ditional practices and work through a process Pemik. “The University of the Arctic provides Program. Last year, Human Services students of emancipation from colonial practices. It is our college with one of the very few avenues from Cambridge Bay’s Kitikmeot Campus also an excellent example of international co- open for Nunavut students to participate in also raised funds for an exchange visit to operation between two small northern indig- relevant international activities and remains Finnmark University College. enous colleges. an important initiative for our institution.” These exchange opportunities are not only for This trip also provided the opportunity to Pemik says the greatest result of this interna- students. Beata Hejnowicz, Senior Instructor introduce Nunavut Arctic College to the tional focus has been the increasing number in the Fine Arts programs at Arctic College’s Indigenous Arts and Crafts Thematic Network of Nunavut students who have had the op- Nunatta Campus visited the Sami University of the UArctic. UArctic’s Thematic Networks portunity to develop a broader understanding College and the Sami Education Centre to foster issues-based cooperation within net- of the circumpolar world and to bring that strengthen the existing partnerships with both works which are focused, but flexible enough knowledge to bear in their lives and profes- of these institutions and to share best practices to respond quickly to topical Arctic issues. sional practice. and program information. Hejnowicz, along They form a natural framework for devel- with Peesee Stephens, the Dean of Language opment of UArctic education and research Pemik adds, “One of the challenges in creating and Culture programs, gave lectures and pre- providing an optimal structure for increas- an international culture within any education- sentations on Arctic College’s programs and ing knowledge generation and sharing across al institution is how to increase engagement the relevant issues common to Inuit and Sami Canada’s North and the circumpolar world. of both students and faculty in international peoples. programs. We have found that the best way to The continued exchange of ideas and infor- do this is to provide the opportunity for fac- Discussions were also held to expand the mation will continue to strengthen and enrich ulty to learn from our international partners. Verddet Agreement to include arts and crafts- programs offered with our respective institu- They then become stronger advocates for related programs. The Verddet Agreement tions, while promoting continued internation- student participation and are better informed is a program of cooperation between Sámi al cooperation. 31

Relevant Security Dimensions of the High North

By Dr. Lassi Heininen, University of Lapland and Chair of the Steering Committee, Northern Research Forum

Arctic security conjures up he shift from military tension and con- been less political tension, military presence, frontation between the two superpowers and military activities in the Arctic. As a con- images of instability and conflict. Tof the Cold War to international cooper- sequence, this has meant more stability, more ation in many civilian fields and the increase international cooperation and a certain confi- However, as Lassi Heininen of political stability in the early 21st century dence in these processes. At the same time, has affected the security of, and security mat- however, the region continues to host impor- explains, different perspectives ters in, the High North. The very meaning of tant military structures and armies, especially security in the entire Arctic region has been those of the United States and Russia. Thus of security illustrate a more extended beyond traditional concerns with the Arctic continues to be a strategic area for complete and holistic picture. military threats to focus on environmental and the deployment of the nuclear weapons sys- societal problems such as pollution, health tem. Fourth, though there is less military ten- and cultural survival as well as global securi- sion, fewer military bases, and fewer troops, ty problems such as long-range pollution, and the region remains strategically important for climate change and its impacts. At the same the testing of weapons and military training time, the region has retained its high strategic and maneuvers by Arctic states and major importance due to its rich energy resources, military powers. new global sea routes, and existing military structures including radar stations and nuclear Consequently, in the High North there is no weapons systems. one type of northern security but several, from the traditional notions of security via the Security in the High North now includes the increasing importance of energy security to following relevant dimensions and challenges. more comprehensive notions of environmen- First, the strategic importance of northern tal security and human security. Furthermore, energy resources, particularly oil, is growing there is an increasing need to redefine secu- due to the dualism of increased scarcity of rity, have a new security agenda, and to es- energy resources and the growing importance tablish a more holistic approach to security. of energy security on the global scale. This Finally, among northern residents and civil is compounded by the fact that there are new societies there is an increased consciousness options due to the melting of sea ice, which about the environment and a growing concern has accelerated global interest in the Arctic in the security issues of their region. This has Ocean. Second, while traditional military se- been accompanied by a degree of political curity continues to be important, there exist empowerment that has the potential to trans- new kinds of security approaches and factors, form traditional notions of security into more such as long-range air and water pollution and comprehensive and less mystifying ones, and other kinds of environmental degradation, as such significantly improve the real security nuclear safety and climate change. Climate of the region and its peoples. change presents an interesting example, in which its physical impacts and associated un- This short article is based on Lassi Heininen’s certainty have direct effects on environmental article “Globalization and Security in the and human security, as well as national secu- Circumpolar North” in: Globalization and the rity and state sovereignty. Circumpolar North. Eds. by Lassi Heininen and Chris Southcott. The University of Alaska Third, there are two main phenomena that are Press, Fairbanks 2010. closely connected. On the one hand, there has 32

ith its growing enrolment and popu- Building on lar programs, the development of Wa UArctic student association is an Classroom obvious step towards improving student con- nectivity and responsibility in the North.

Connections: Since its establishment in 2001, the University of the Arctic has been connecting students from the Development communities across the Circumpolar North through its virtual classrooms. Overcoming of a UArctic geographic distances, these students have en- gaged with each other in much the same way as they do at their home institutions - by shar- Student Association ing personal experiences and forming endur- ing friendships. In this way, these classrooms have become more than just virtual forums, they have become important tools for the By Harry Borlase, former student of the UArctic and Master’s of Polar Law way in which thousands of young people in Candidate and Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, UArctic Board of Governors Student the North have communicated, shared, and Representative, 2007-2010 | Photo Harry Borlase grown. 33

Similarly, UArctic’s mobility programs, like ship. This position could be greatly enhanced UArctic, there have been a number of practi- north2north and GoNorth, have also been if there were opportunities for students to cal and financial hurdles which have prevented important resources that have accomplished voice their interests as a collective. the body from being formally organized. The more than just providing unique educational support from the UArctic Council in its an- opportunities to students. These programs The time has come to establish a UArctic stu- nual meeting in 2009 and the ongoing encour- have bridged oceans, cultures and languages dent association to bind this community; a agement of the UArctic Board of Governors to bring students together in new circumstanc- group of UArctic students to become formally towards it development have alleviated some es and environments. connected, tasked with its own responsibilities of these obstacles. Furthermore, the idea has and mandate. Not only could this group func- been under development by a small group of Through these experiences, students have be- tion as a way of improving student interaction students to explore the advantages and solve come interconnected, forming a community and connectivity, but it could also help support the challenges of such a project. of past and present UArctic students who un- UArctic program activities and organization. derstand first-hand the impact of its develop- The success of the Bachelor of Circumpolar There is no reason to believe that such an or- ment. In the same way that the UArctic has Studies' online courses has shown that the vir- ganization could not work. Connecting youth significantly grown, so too has this commu- tual world could provide the platform for such has been a fundamental priority of the UArctic nity. Unfortunately, the way in which students an association; there is no one better than stu- since its beginnings; it is now up to us as stu- are represented in the UArctic remains lim- dents themselves that understand the success dents to keep the ball rolling. ited. Currently, student interests are repre- of online networking. sented by the Board of Governor’s Student To become involved please email: Representative, a position that enables close Though the idea to create such an association [email protected] collaboration with the UArctic’s senior leader- has been discussed since the launch of the 34

to find the way to reach across cultural bar- riers and also where they cannot be crossed. For other exchange students, I highly recom- mend them to come to Yakutia, but to come with open eyes and open ears, to set aside pre- conceived notions and to avoid quick judge- ments. Things are not like they are in America or anywhere else in the world. Sometimes that can be frustrating, and sometimes that can even be scary. But people live here, work here and have done so for millennia and they have their own ways of doing things. If you can put aside your comfort zone, not demand the things you’re used to, then you will see what a wonderful place this is and how amazing life can be.”

Students from Italy, United Kingdom, , Austria, Korea, Germany come to Sakha for various reasons. Partly, they are coming in search of the diversity of cultures and living traditions, as well as the unique experiences of surviving in the North. It is this uniqueness, along with the extreme natural beauty, which creates Sakha’s ‘northerness’. However, each Yakutsk and Circumpolar Studies student has their own reasons for choosing Sakha. For Lia Zola of Italy it was to learn the Benefits of a Circumpolar Classroom and Campus local language and culture, while for Tanya Kossberg from the United Kingdom it was to study Russian and ethnography. It is in these By Claudia Federova, Head of the Department of International decisions that many find the most unexpected Programs, Sahka State University | Photos Michil Yakovlev and rewarding results. PhD student Hakan Karakoch from Turkey says that his experi- ence in Sakha has been the best of his life. akha State University, a long-time mem- think about Russia, they think largely about Verena Senn from Austria admits that it was ber of the University of the Arctic, is the Moscow and the West and know little about one of the best decisions she has ever made. Snorthernmost university in the Russian the rest of Russia. I have been impressed by Far East. It is situated in a land of extremes. the strength and also friendliness of people For many within UArctic, they too will get However, the natural expanse is not the only here, not simply surviving in these harsh cli- to experience land of extremes. The UArctic feature that impresses its international stu- matic conditions, but living and raising fami- Council meeting will take place in Yakutsk in dents. lies and introducing me and other foreigners to June 2010, and Sakha State University wel- the beauty and richness of their homeland.” comes the chance to show what everyone’s As a region, Sakha has an extremely vast terri- been talking about. tory, extremely enormous temperature ranges Hicks has greatly enjoyed her time in Sakha, between the summer and winter, extremely commenting on the natural beauty, as well long winters, extremely dark polar nights, ex- as the friendliness and kindness shown by tremely white and brilliant summer nights, an friends and acquaintances. Though the cultur- extremely huge number of lakes and rivers, al distance can be almost as noticeable as the as well as spacious taiga forests, and endless geographical separation for some exchange tundra land. Taking all of this into considera- students, Hicks values these challenges and tion, it is no wonder that such a land attracts has learned plenty from her stay: “Studying students from outside of the North. here has been absolutely unlike any other edu- cational experience. I have been exposed to One such student is PhD student Susan Hicks completely new ways of living in the world from the United States. Hicks comments that: and to see also that people are not so different “I was amazed at the size and immensity of in the end. That is to say, I have been able to the Russian East. In the US, when people learn from the similarities and the differences 35 Why GoNorth

By Astrid Revhaug, Chair of the GoNorth Program, and Head of the International Office at the University of Tromsø

“Most things are in the North,” says the North by Rolf Jacobsen Norwegian author, Rolf Jacobsen (1907- 1994), in the famous poem entitled North. Most northerners will support that statement - in all possible meanings of it. Further back Look North more often in history the mantra used to be the opposite: that all good things in life had to be found in Go against the wind the central southern hubs, and you would have to go south to grab them. You’ll get redder cheeks Today we think that the North in so many ways outdoes the regions south of us. It is enough to mention the wild and pristine nature even Find the rugged path close to urban areas, fantastic outdoor recrea- tional opportunities, clean environment, and Keep to it the absence of crowds. At the same time, an ever-increasing number of northerners also enjoy the same modern amenities as southern- It’s shorter ers. North is best. One of the core fundamentals for the develop- ment of societies in the North is the existence of responsive higher education systems which Winter’s sky of flames, are able to demonstrate their state-of-the-art quality education and facilities both within and outside their own regions. With its many Summer nights’ sun miracle and diverse member institutions, UArctic is a unique consortium. In this respect, nothing Go against the wind beats the North.

Studying in the High North is an unforgettable Climb mountains life experience. We know that from numerous students’ testimonies. We want more students Look North to experience this. Therefore we must contin- ue to reinforce the joint efforts to market the High North as a unique studying and living More often destination. This simple message is what the UArctic society has to get across to educa- tion seekers around the world. If we all go for This is a long country it, we will succeed in influencing the world through the efforts and offers provided by the Most is North UArctic higher education institutions.

• DIGITAL MEDIA AND MEDIA ARTS: 4 • SOCIAL WORK: 27 • ARCTIC MEDICINE: 14 NORTHERN TOURISM: 8 • ENERGY IN NEW TIME: 5 • GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY: 10 DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING: 4 • JOURNALISM: 5 • LOCAL AND REGIONAL • NORTHERN GOVERNANCE: 21 GLOBAL CHANGE: 25 • INDIGENOUS ARTS AND CRAFTS: 4 • COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH: 30 • •NORTHERN VERDDE PROGRAM: AGRICULTURE: 6 3 ARCTIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE: 6 • WORLD IMAGES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE• ARCTIC OF THE COASTAL NORTH: AND 6 • MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: 2 CO-MANAGEMENT: 6 • DIGITAL MEDIA AND MEDIA ARTS: 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRY CONTAMINATED• SOCIAL WORK: AREAS: 27 • 9ARCTIC MEDICINE: 14 NORTHERN TOURISM: 8 • ENERGY IN NEW TIME: 5 • GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY: 10 DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING: 4 • JOURNALISM: 5 • LOCAL AND REGIONAL • NORTHERN GOVERNANCE: 21 GLOBAL CHANGE: 25 • INDIGENOUS ARTS AND CRAFTS: 4 Member institutions DEVELOPMENT INNon-member THE participants NORTH: 30 • NORTHERN AGRICULTURE: • COMMUNITY-BASED 3 NATURAL RESOURCE UArctic has 19 Thematic Networks (June 2010). The networks are represented on this• VERDDE PROGRAM: 6 map by connections between participating institutions in each network.

ARCTIC ENGINEERINGNORTHERN TOURISM: 8 • SOCIALAND WORK: 27 • ARCTIC SCIENCE: MEDICINE: 14 • DIGITAL MEDIA AND MEDIA ARTS:6 4 DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING: 4 • ENERGY IN NEW TIME: 5 • GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY: 10 GLOBAL CHANGE: 25 • •INDIGENOUS WORLD ARTS AND CRAFTS: 4 • JOURNALISM: IMAGES 5 • LOCAL AND REGIONAL OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE• ARCTIC OF THE COASTAL NORTH: AND 6 • MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: 2 DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH: 30 • NORTHERN AGRICULTURE: 3 • NORTHERN GOVERNANCE: 21 CO-MANAGEMENT:ARCTIC ENGINEERING 6 AND SCIENCE: 6 • VERDDE PROGRAM: 6 • COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE CO-MANAGEMENT: 6 • WORLD IMAGES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF THE NORTH: 6 • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRY CONTAMINATED AREAS: 9 • ARCTIC COASTAL AND MARINE ISSUES: 2 IMPACT ASSESSMENTMap / © University of the ArcticOF 2010, Philippe Rekacewicz,INDUSTRY Veli-Pekka Laitinen and Hugo Ahlenius, Nordpil CONTAMINATED AREAS: 9 • DIGITAL MEDIA AND MEDIA ARTS: 4 • SOCIAL WORK: 27 • ARCTIC MEDICINE: 14 NORTHERN TOURISM: 8 • ENERGY IN NEW TIME: 5 • GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY: 10 DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING: 4 • JOURNALISM: 5 • LOCAL AND REGIONAL • NORTHERN GOVERNANCE: 21 GLOBAL CHANGE: 25 • INDIGENOUS ARTS AND CRAFTS: 4 • COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH: 30 • •NORTHERN VERDDE PROGRAM: AGRICULTURE:UArctic International 6 Secretariat / University 3 of Lapland / Box 122 96101 Rovaniemi Finland / [email protected] / www.uarctic.org ARCTIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE: 6 • WORLD IMAGES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE• ARCTIC OF THE COASTAL NORTH: AND 6 • MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: 2 CO-MANAGEMENT: 6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRY CONTAMINATED AREAS: 9