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From Democratic Socialism and Rational Planning To
NORDIC COUNTRIES IN FINNISH PERSPECTIVE FROM DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM AND RATIONAL PLANNING TO POSTMODERN IDENTITY POLITICS AND MARKET-ORIENTATION Ideological Development of the Social Democrats in Sweden and Finland in the Late 20th Century Sami Outinen D.Soc.Sc., University of Helsinki Democratic socialism and planning of term goal was a “socialist society” and “equality the economy between people”, which would be achieved by This article will deconstruct the ideological de- seeking the support of the majority of citizens. velopment of the Swedish Social Democratic Finland’s Social Democrats also favoured the ex- Party SAP (officially, “the Social Democratic pansion of public services, state companies and Workers’ Party of Sweden”) and the Social cooperatives, “democratic economic planning Democratic Party of Finland SDP. This will […] including the effective regulation of capital be done by analysing their own alternative movements” and “the societal control of com- scopes of action in relation to the concepts mercial banks and insurance companies”.1 The of major ideologies and economic theories SAP committed similarly in 1975 at its Party such as socialism, capitalism, economic plan- Conference to long-term planning of the econ- ning, market economy, postmodernism and omy (planmässig hushållning). It positioned Keynesianism as well as researching how Nor- itself as the representative of democratic social- dic social democrats redefined their conven- ism between communist planned economy and tional ideological meanings. capitalism.2 Accordingly, one of the motives for The SDP stressed at the Party Conference in stressing democratic socialism by the SDP was 1975 that democratic socialism was the basis to win the support of the radicalised post-war of its programmatic identity. -
Bibliography
Bibliography GENERAL Blonde!, J. Political Leadership (1986), London and Los Angeles: Sage. Blonde!, J. 'Ministerial careers and the nature of parliamentary government: the cases of Austria and Belgium', EJPR vol. 16, (l) (1988), pp. 51-71. Blonde!, J. and F. MUller-Rommel, eds, Governing Together: Tile Extent and Limits of Joint Decision-Making in Western European Cabinets (1993), London: Macmillan. Budge, I. and H. Kernan, Parties and Democracy ( 1991 ), Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bunce, V. Do New Leaders Make a Difference? (1981), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Cameron, D.R. 'The Expansion of the Public Economy: a comparative analysis', American Political Science Review v.12, (1978), pp. 1243-61 Castles, P.O. and R. Wilden mann, eds, Visions and Realities of Party Government (1986), Berlin: De Gruyter, European University Institute Series. Criscitiello, A. 'Majority Summits: Decision-Making inside the cabinet and out: Italy 1970-1990', West European Politics, (1993), vol. 16, 581-94. Dt>ring, H. ed., Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe (1995), NYC: St Martin's Press. Flora, P. and A. Heidenheimer, eds, The Development ofthe Welfare state in Europe and America (1981), New York: Transaction Books. Gallagher, M., M. Laver and P. Mair, Representative Government in Western Europe (1992), New York: McGraw-Hill. Katz, R.S. ed., Party Govemments: European and American Expe1·iences (1987), Berlin: De Gruyter, European University Institute Series. Katz, R.S. 'Party Government: A Rationalistic Conception', in F. G. Castles and R. Wildenmann, eds, Visions and Realities of Party Government (1986), Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 42 and foil. Katz, R.S. -
1986 Peace Through Non-Alignment: the Case for British Withdrawal from NATO
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified 1986 Peace Through Non-Alignment: The case for British withdrawal from NATO Citation: “Peace Through Non-Alignment: The case for British withdrawal from NATO,” 1986, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Ben Lowe, Published by Verso, sponsored by The Campaign Group of Labor MP's, The Socialist Society, and the Campaign for Non-Alignment, 1986. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/110192 Summary: Pamphlet arguing for British withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It examines the origins of NATO, its role in U.S. foreign policy, its nuclear strategies, and its effect on British politics and national security. Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document Ben Lowe is author of a book on NATO published in Spain as part of the campaign for Spanish withdrawal during the referendum of March 1986, La Cara Ocuita de fa OTAN; a contributor to Mad Dogs edited by Edward Thompson and Mary Kaldor; and a member of the Socialist Society, which has provided financial and research support for this pamphlet. Ben Lowe Peace through Non-Alignlllent The Case Against British Membership of NATO The Campaign Group of Labour MPs welcomes the publication of this pamphlet and believes that the arguments it contains are worthy of serious consideration. VERSO Thn Il11prlnt 01 New Left Books Contents First published 1986 Verso Editions & NLB F'oreword by Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn 15 Greek St, London WI Ben Lowe 1986 Introduction 1 ISBN 086091882 Typeset by Red Lion Setters 1. NATO and the Post-War World 3 86 Riversdale Road, N5 Printed by Wernheim Printers Forster Rd N17 Origins of the Alliance 3 America's Global Order 5 NATO's Nuclear Strategies 7 A Soviet Threat? 9 NA TO and British Politics 11 Britain's Strategic Role 15 Star Wars and Tension in NA TO 17 America and Europe's Future 19 2. -
(American Swedish News Exchange, New York, NY), 1920S-1990
Allan Kastrup collection (American Swedish News Exchange, New York, N.Y), 1920s-1990 Size: 19.25 linear feet, 28 boxes Acquisition: The collection was donated to SSIRC in 1990 and 1991. Access: The collection is open for research and a limited amount to copies can be requested via mail. Processed by: Christina Johansson Control Num.: SSIRC MSS P: 308 Historical Sketch The American-Swedish News Exchange was established by the Sweden-America Foundation in Stockholm in 1921 and the agency opened its office in New York City in 1922. ASNE's main purpose was to increase and broaden the general knowledge about Sweden and to provide the American press with news on cultural, economic and political developments in Sweden. The agency also had the primary responsibility for publicity campaigns during Swedish official visits to the United States, such as the Crown Prince Gustav Adolf's visit in 1926, the New Sweden Tercentenary in 1938, and the Swedish Pioneer Centennial in 1948. Between 1926 and 1946, ASNE was under the leadership of Naboth Hedin. Hedin increased the visibility of Sweden in the American press immensely, wrote countless of articles on Sweden, and co-edited with Adolph H. Benson Swedes in America: 1638-1938. Hedin was also instrumental in assisting many American writers with advice and information about Sweden; including Marquis W. Childs in his widely read and circulated work Sweden the Middle Way, first published in 1936. Allan Kastrup assumed the leadership of ASNE in 1946. He held this position until his retirement in 1964, at which time ASNE ceased to exist and its responsibilities were assumed by the Swedish Information Service. -
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL ISSUES SOCIAL THEORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE ASCHENBRENNER, ERWIN. Kultur - Kolonialismus - Kreative Verweigerung. Ele- mente einer antikolonialistischen Kulturtheorie. [Sozialwissenschaftliche Studien zu internationalen Problemen, Band 145.] Verlag Breitenbach Publishers, Saar- briicken [etc.] 1990. 620 pp. DM 74.00. The aim of this doctoral thesis (Regensburg, 1989-1990) is to make a contribution to an anti-colonialist and non-Eurocentric theory of culture. The book consists of four more or less independent "tracts" in which, among other things, existing cultural theories are considered critically, the "essence" of culture is discussed and the liberating potential of traditional cultures is treated. Autonomie et autotransformation de la societe. La Philosophic militante de Corne- lius Castoriadis. [Par] G. Busino, E. Morin, P. Vidal-Naquet [e.a.] [Traveaux de droit, d'6conomie, de sciences politiques, de sociologie et d'anthropologie, No 162.] Librairie Droz, Geneve 1989. 521 pp. 111. S.fr. 100.00. The thirty contributions in this Festschrift for the Franco-Grecian philosopher, econ- omist, psycho-analist and revolutionary theorist Cornelius Castoriadis are partly biographical (much information is provided about the group Socialisme ou Barbarie (1949-1967) to which Castoriadis belonged together with Claude Lefort and other people), but chiefly discuss the work of the man it celebrates. The covering themes are "Philosophy", "The social and historical approach and the psyche", "The con- temporary world: the Russian question and modern capitalism" and "Ethics and politics". Centenary Essays on Alfred Marshall. Ed. by John K. Whitaker. [A Royal Eco- nomic Society Publication.] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [etc.] 1990. xii, 298 pp. £ 27.50. To mark the centennial of the Principles of Economics by Alfred Marshall (1842- 1924), the Royal Economic Society has commissioned the present collection of twelve essays dealing with various aspects of Marshall's life and thought. -
Our Common Future
Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future Table of Contents Acronyms and Note on Terminology Chairman's Foreword From One Earth to One World Part I. Common Concerns 1. A Threatened Future I. Symptoms and Causes II. New Approaches to Environment and Development 2. Towards Sustainable Development I. The Concept of Sustainable Development II. Equity and the Common Interest III. Strategic Imperatives IV. Conclusion 3. The Role of the International Economy I. The International Economy, the Environment, and Development II. Decline in the 1980s III. Enabling Sustainable Development IV. A Sustainable World Economy Part II. Common Challenges 4. Population and Human Resources I. The Links with Environment and Development II. The Population Perspective III. A Policy Framework 5. Food Security: Sustaining the Potential I. Achievements II. Signs of Crisis III. The Challenge IV. Strategies for Sustainable Food Security V. Food for the Future 6. Species and Ecosystems: Resources for Development I. The Problem: Character and Extent II. Extinction Patterns and Trends III. Some Causes of Extinction IV. Economic Values at Stake V. New Approach: Anticipate and Prevent VI. International Action for National Species VII. Scope for National Action VIII. The Need for Action 7. Energy: Choices for Environment and Development I. Energy, Economy, and Environment II. Fossil Fuels: The Continuing Dilemma III. Nuclear Energy: Unsolved Problems IV. Wood Fuels: The Vanishing Resource V. Renewable Energy: The Untapped Potential VI. Energy Efficiency: Maintaining the Momentum VII. Energy Conservation Measures VIII. Conclusion 8. Industry: Producing More With Less I. Industrial Growth and its Impact II. Sustainable Industrial Development in a Global Context III. -
Arxiv:2106.01515V1 [Cs.LG] 3 Jun 2021 Tor Representations of Entities and Relations in a KG
Question Answering Over Temporal Knowledge Graphs Apoorv Saxena Soumen Chakrabarti Partha Talukdar Indian Institute of Science Indian Institute of Technology Google Research Bangalore Bombay India [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract time intervals as well. These temporal scopes on facts can be either automatically estimated (Taluk- Temporal Knowledge Graphs (Temporal KGs) extend regular Knowledge Graphs by provid- dar et al., 2012) or user contributed. Several such ing temporal scopes (e.g., start and end times) Temporal KGs have been proposed in the literature, on each edge in the KG. While Question An- where the focus is on KG completion (Dasgupta swering over KG (KGQA) has received some et al. 2018; Garc´ıa-Duran´ et al. 2018; Leetaru and attention from the research community, QA Schrodt 2013; Lacroix et al. 2020; Jain et al. 2020). over Temporal KGs (Temporal KGQA) is a The task of Knowledge Graph Question Answer- relatively unexplored area. Lack of broad- coverage datasets has been another factor lim- ing (KGQA) is to answer natural language ques- iting progress in this area. We address this tions using a KG as the knowledge base. This is challenge by presenting CRONQUESTIONS, in contrast to reading comprehension-based ques- the largest known Temporal KGQA dataset, tion answering, where typically the question is ac- clearly stratified into buckets of structural com- companied by a context (e.g., text passage) and plexity. CRONQUESTIONS expands the only the answer is either one of multiple choices (Ra- known previous dataset by a factor of 340×. jpurkar et al., 2016) or a piece of text from the We find that various state-of-the-art KGQA methods fall far short of the desired perfor- context (Yang et al., 2018). -
Cabinet Reshuffles and Prime Ministerial Power
Cabinet Reshuffles and Prime Ministerial Power Jörgen Hermansson and Kåre Vernby ***VERY PRELIMINARY “IDEAS-PAPER”*** Abstract This paper contains some ideas about how to transform a paper we wrote together in Swedish for an anthology on Swedish governments 1917-2009. There, we point out that reshuffles are problematic when used as an indicator of prime-ministerial power/dominance over the cabinet. In the future, we wish to expand our critique. In this “ideas paper”, however, we only briefly outline our critique. We will argue that there exist at least two problems inherent in using the frequency of reshuffles as an indicator of Prime-ministerial power over the cabinet. The first we call the “problem of proxying”, which arises because scholars implicitly use the frequency of reshuffles as a proxy for the political experience of the ministers surrounding the PM. Specifically, the frequency of reshuffles is thought to be inversely related to the political experience of ministers. The second problem we call the “problem of selection bias”, which arises because of the failure to properly specifying the possibility of a bi-directional causal relationship between prime-ministerial power and cabinet reshuffles. We will try to argue that these are serious problems for those who wish to use the frequency of cabinet reshuffles as a measure of prime ministerial using historical data and examples from the Swedish history with parliamentarism. 1 Introduction While the formation and collapse of cabinet governments has been a mainstay of political science for more than 50 years, the recent decade has seen a growing pre- occupation with cabinet reshuffles. -
(AGW) Or Natural Global Warming (NGM
Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) or Natural Global Warming (NGM Scientific OPEN ACCESS Journal Search Title,Keywords,Author,etc. Research An Academic Publisher Home Articles Journals Conferences Books News About Submit Home > Journals > Social Sciences & Humanities > VP Articles Archive Indexing Aims & Scope Editorial Board For Authors Publication Fees ● Open Special Issues VP> Vol.4 No.4, December 2018 Share This Article: 0 ● Published Special Issues ● Special Issues Guideline Open Access Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) or Natural Global Warming (NGM) VP Subscription Full-Text HTML XML Download as PDF (Size:1998KB) PP. 51-59 E-Mail Alert DOI: 10.4236/vp.2018.44005 271 Downloads 720 Views Author(s) Leave a comment VP Most popular papers Nils-Axel Mörner Publication Ethics & OA Statement Affiliation(s) Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm, Sweden. VP News ABSTRACT Frequently Asked Questions The concept of an anthropogenic global warming (AGW) driven by the increase in atmospheric CO2 is compared to the concept of a natural global warming (NGW) driven by solar variability. The application of the AGW concept only rests Recommend to Peers on models, whilst the NGW concept rests on multiple observational and evidence-based facts. Even more so, the long- term solar variability predicts a new Grand Solar Minimum with severe climatic conditions (type Little Ice Age) to occur Recommend to Library in 2030-2050. This violates all talk about an increasing, even accelerating, global warming. Similarly, there is no true treat of a future sea level rise flooding lowlands and islands. Contact Us KEYWORDS Global Warming, CO2 Forcing, Solar Forcing, Temperature, Sea Level 1. Introduction Real science advances via questioning and accumulation of new observational facts. -
Preface 1 Olof Palme: “Moral Duty Is Discontent on a Large Scale”: Creation
Notes Preface 1. This list is not exhaustive: Benezir Bhutto, Daniel Ortega, and Fulgencio Battista are among others whose political careers were resurrected after falling from power. 1 Olof Palme: “Moral Duty Is Discontent on a Large Scale”: Creation 1. Hans Haste, Olof Palme (Paris: Descartes et Cie., 1994), 25. tr. of Haste, Boken om Olof Palme. Hans Liv, Hans Gärning, Hans Död (Stockholm: Tiden, 1986). Chris Mosey, Cruel Awakening: Sweden and the Killing of Olof Palme (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), 80. 2. Olof Ruin, Tage Erlander: Serving the Welfare State, 1946–1949 (Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1990), 53–54. 3. Olof Palme, La Rendez- vous suedois. Conversations avec Serge Richard (Paris: Stock: 1976), 40. 4. Palme, Rendez- vous, 14, 29–30. 5. Christer Isaksson, Palme Privat. I skuggan av Erlander (Falun: Ekerlios Förlag, 1995), 146. Haste, 37. 6. Isaksson, 147–148. 7. Robert Dalsjö. Life- Line Lost. The Rise and Fall of ‘Neutral’ Sweden’s Secret Reserve Option of Wartime Help from the West. Stockholm: Santérus Academic Press, 2006), 23. Modification of Swedish neutrality policy started early in the Cold War. Washington began applying economic pres- sure (delays and even stoppages of exports), which together with political and strategic considerations prompted Swedish acknowledgment of “ideo- logical affirmation” in the West – although not participation in NATO, as the State Department had wished. Birgit Karlsson, “Neutrality and Economy: The Redefining of Swedish Neutrality, 1946–1952,” Journal of Peace Research 32: 1 (1995), 42, 46. 8. NSC 6006/1.Statens Offentliga Utredningar (hereafter, SOU – published reports by official commissions), discussed by Dalsjö. -
Chapter 1.Homo Faber and the Work of Cinema
CHAPTER 1 Homo Faber and the Work of Cinema Discourses on work from Plato to Marx and Engels Everybody seems to know what ‘work’ means, but this concept is difficult to pinpoint. As Maurice Godelier observes, in Indo-European languages, general terms such as the English verb ‘to work’ and the French ‘travailler’ entered dictionaries relatively late, replacing words that referred to varied types of activities, for example agricultural work and artisanal work. In most languages there are still two words used for similar activities; in English these are ‘work’ and ‘labour’. The word ‘labour’, derived from the Latin ‘laborare’, imparts a sense of pain. Work does not have negative connotations; work is regarded as ennobling, as in the phrase ‘right to work’. Labour is associated with physical effort, with toil and giving birth, while work can be manual, skilled, intellectual or artistic (Godelier 1980: 164–69; see also Arendt 1958: 79–174). Labour tends to be measurable, while work is not. Phrases such as ‘voluntary work’ and ‘charity work’ are common while ‘voluntary labour’ and ‘charity labour’ are extremely rare, suggesting that we equate labour with ‘paid employment’, while work can be both paid and unpaid. However, since the age of industrialisation, ‘paid employment’ is the dominating connotation of both work and labour (Joyce 1987: 1). Labour is also shorthand for ‘those who labour’, just as capital is shorthand for ‘those who live from their capital’. People need work to survive materially and socially, and to transform their environment – to exist and progress. However, the questions of how much work is needed, who should undertake the required tasks and how they should be organised are a matter of debate, conveyed in religious systems, philosophical works, folk tales and proverbs, as well as legal documents, economic treaties and managerial manuals. -
The Corporate Analogy and the Legitimacy of Promoting Sweden Abroad in the 1960S
chapter 6 A Total Image Deconstructed: The Corporate Analogy and the Legitimacy of Promoting Sweden Abroad in the 1960s Nikolas Glover In the spring of 1967, an exhibited print by the well-known leftist artist Carl Johan de Geer was confiscated by the police in Stockholm. It depicted a burning Swedish flag, capped by three slogans: “Dishonour the flag,” “Betray the Fatherland,” “Dare to be non-nationalist.” The flag itself had one word sprawled across it: Kuken, slang for penis. The motif was judged to be in breach of the Swedish constitution (by defiling the flag) and de Geer was fined in court.1 The episode sets the historic scene for this chapter. In the second half of the 1960s, self-proclaimed anti-patriotic sentiments like those voiced by de Geer were gain- ing widespread popularity among artists-cum-activists and within the growing movements of the New Left.2 Meanwhile, publicly funded “Sweden-information abroad” was expanding in scope and ambition.3 This chapter focuses on the rela- tionship between these two developments, showing how practitioners in the field of Sweden-information navigated between the imperatives of efficient communication and democratic legitimacy. At the heart of this challenge lay the need to manage the diverging demands of the government’s foreign policy objec- tives, the export industry’s commercial interests, and a politically active cultural scene that was insisting that it should not have to cooperate with either. Managing Diverging Demands In many respects, representing Sweden abroad in the early 1960s was a thankful task: affluent, ambitiously reformist and technologically advanced, the country 1 “Konsten att göra uppror,” Svenska Dagbladet, 2 December 2007.