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Preface 1 Olof Palme: “Moral Duty Is Discontent on a Large Scale”: Creation

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Preface 1 Olof Palme: “Moral Duty Is Discontent on a Large Scale”: Creation Notes Preface 1. This list is not exhaustive: Benezir Bhutto, Daniel Ortega, and Fulgencio Battista are among others whose political careers were resurrected after falling from power. 1 Olof Palme: “Moral Duty Is Discontent on a Large Scale”: Creation 1. Hans Haste, Olof Palme (Paris: Descartes et Cie., 1994), 25. tr. of Haste, Boken om Olof Palme. Hans Liv, Hans Gärning, Hans Död (Stockholm: Tiden, 1986). Chris Mosey, Cruel Awakening: Sweden and the Killing of Olof Palme (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), 80. 2. Olof Ruin, Tage Erlander: Serving the Welfare State, 1946–1949 (Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1990), 53–54. 3. Olof Palme, La Rendez- vous suedois. Conversations avec Serge Richard (Paris: Stock: 1976), 40. 4. Palme, Rendez- vous, 14, 29–30. 5. Christer Isaksson, Palme Privat. I skuggan av Erlander (Falun: Ekerlios Förlag, 1995), 146. Haste, 37. 6. Isaksson, 147–148. 7. Robert Dalsjö. Life- Line Lost. The Rise and Fall of ‘Neutral’ Sweden’s Secret Reserve Option of Wartime Help from the West. Stockholm: Santérus Academic Press, 2006), 23. Modification of Swedish neutrality policy started early in the Cold War. Washington began applying economic pres- sure (delays and even stoppages of exports), which together with political and strategic considerations prompted Swedish acknowledgment of “ideo- logical affirmation” in the West – although not participation in NATO, as the State Department had wished. Birgit Karlsson, “Neutrality and Economy: The Redefining of Swedish Neutrality, 1946–1952,” Journal of Peace Research 32: 1 (1995), 42, 46. 8. NSC 6006/1.Statens Offentliga Utredningar (hereafter, SOU – published reports by official commissions), discussed by Dalsjö. The Kennedy adminis- tration replaced NSC 6006/1 with a slightly stronger commitment.) 236 ● Notes 9. Simon Moores, “Neutral on our Side: US Policy towards Sweden during the Eisenhower Administration,” Cold War History vol. 2 no. 3, (April, 2002), 29–62. 10. This second motive is emphasized by Nils Bruzelius, a Swedish defense specialist, in a draft article he kindly sent to me. 11. “Hemliga atomubåtar gav Sverige säkerhetsgaranti–Secret Nuclear Submarines Guaranteed Swedish Security,” Framsyn [The Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI) bimonthly publication] 2005, No. 1. English translation available at the FOI website, www.foi.se, under “Polaris Diplomacy.”) 12. Nils Bruzelius, “Near Friendly or Neutral Shores: the deployment of the fleet ballistic missile submarines and US policy towards Scandinavia, 1957–1963,” Licentiate thesis, 2007, Försvarshögskolan (National Defense College), Stockholm. Accessed at URL: http:// www.diva- portal.org/kth/ thesis/abstract.xsql?dbid=4308). 13. Dalsjö, Life-Line , xi, 182–183. 14. Ruin, 59–60, 134. 15. Haste, 41–42. Mosey, 87–88. 16. Haste, 45. 17. Hans Ingvar Johnsson, Spotlight on Sweden (Stockholm: The Swedish Institute, 1999), 143. 18. Bertil Östergren, Wem är Olof Palme. Ett politiskt porträtt (Södertälje: Fingraf AB, 1984) cited in Haste, 57. Ruin, 61. 19. Mosey, 100. 20. Mosey, 101. 21. Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration (New York: Marcel Denker, 2001), 176. 22. Haste, 53–55. 23. Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv och Bibliotek–Labour Movement Archives and Library, The World in the Basement. International Material in Archives and Collections (Stockholm 2002), 52. 24. Arthur Klinghoffer, International Citizens’ Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance Human Rights (New York: Palgrave- Macmillan, 2002), 141. Dalsjö, Life- Line Lost, 93. 25. Ruin, 287. Haste, 55. 26. Mosey, 98. Ruin, 287. Johnsson, 122. 27. Klinghoffer, 143. Ron Eyerman, Social Movements: A Cognitive Approach (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press), 1996), 168, note 6. 28. Palme, Rendez- vous, 75–76. 29. Dalsjö, 95. 30. Palme, Rendez- vous, 77. 31. Dalsjö, 96. 32. This summation may be found in Dalsjö’s precis, “Sweden’s Squandered Life- Line to the West,” published by the Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security (PHP) of the Center for Security Studies (CSS), Notes ● 237 Zurich. Accessed at http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch- introduction). Also see his Life-Line Lost, 93–96, 102–103. 33. Dalsjö, Life-Line , 75–81, 274–76. 34. Haste, 69, 71. Ruin, 158. 35. Haste 66. 36. Haste, 73, Mosey, 108, 109. 37. Mosey, 113, 116. 38. Maurice Isserman, The Other American: The Life of Michael Harrington (New York: Public Affairs, 2000), 289. 39. Alf W. Johansson and Norman Torbjörn, “Socialism and International- ism . Social Democracy and Foreign Policy,” in Klaus Misgeld, Creating Social Democracy. A Century of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Sweden (University Park, PA. Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1972), 365. 40. Palme, Rendez-vous, 100–101. 41. Dalsjö, “Sweden’s Squandered Life- Line.” 42. Svenska Dagbladet, July 29, 2007. Framsyn Magazine, published by the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI). Accessed at http://www.foi.se/ FOI/templates/Page1622.aspx, 2005, No. 1. 43. SOU 2002:108, 275–299, cited in Dalsjö, Life-Line Lost, 194–195. 44. Wilhelm Agrell, Fred och fruktan. Sveriges säkerhetspolitiska historia, 1918– 2000 Lund: Historiska Media, 2000, p. 180, cited in Dalsjö, “Sweden’s Squandered Life- Line.” 45. Dalsjö, Life-Line Lost, 213, 230. “Life- line Squandered.” 46. Gunnar Heckscher, The Welfare State and Beyond: Success and Problems in Scandinavia (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1984), 37–38. 47. Haste, 72. 48. Haste, 76. Mosey, 116–117. Arbetarrörelsens, 60. 49. Mosey, 109–110. 50. Minutes, Sveriges Socialdemokratiska Ungdomsförbund SSO (Swedish Social Democratic Youth Organization) 20th Congress, p. 80, cited in Arbetarrörelsens, 57. 51. Cited in Johnsson, 122. 52. Mosey, 120. Misgeld, 368. 53. Haste, 84. Palme, Rendez- vous, 79–80. 54. Haste, 81. 55. Haste, 83. 56. Haste, 87. 57. Palme, Rendez-vous, 110, 118, 121. 58. Willy Brandt, Bruno Kreisky, Olof Palme, La social- démocratie et l’avenir (Paris: Gallimard, 1976), 173–175, 177, 181–182. 59. Nils Christie, A Suitable Amount of Crime (London: Routledge, 2004), 38. 60. Misgeld, 367. Haste, 90. 61. Palme, Rendez-vous, 119–123. Jan- Erik Lane, ed., Understanding the Swedish Model (London: Frank Cass, 1991), 61. 238 ● Notes 2 Olof Palme: Termination 1. Frans Berkhout, Radioactive Waste: Politics and Technology (London and New York: Routledge, 1991), 103. 2. Mosey, 118, 119. 3. Berkhout, 104. Daniel B.Cornfield and Randy Hodson, eds., Worlds of Work: Building an International Sociology of Work (New York: Plenum Publishers, 2002), 331. 4. Donald Sassoon, One Hundred Years of Socialism: The West European Left in the Twentieth Century (New York: The New Press, 1996), 708–09. 5. Villy Bergström, “Party Program and Economic Policy: The Social Democrats in Government,” in Misgeld, 162–63. 6. Thage G. Peterson, Olof Palme som jag minns honom (Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 2002), 244. 7. Peterson, 247. 8. Mosey, 124–25. 9. Peterson, 271, 273. 10. Mosey, 125–26. 11. Berkhout, 105. 12. Mosey, 126. 13. Ruth Freeman, Death of a Statesman. The Solution to the Murder of Olof Palme (London: Robert Hale, Ltd., 1989), 168. 14. Haste, 97. 15. Haste, 98. 3 Olof Palme: Interment 1. Peterson, 251. Unless otherwise indicated, subsequent references to the aftermath of the SAP defeat come from Peterson, 252–261. 2. Johansson, 143. 3. Gerhard Lembruch, ed., Renegotiating the Welfare State (London and New York: Routledge, 2003), 123. 4. Dalsjö, “Sweden’s Squandered Lifeline.” 5. Dalsjö’s interview with Synnergren cited in Life-Line Lost, 223–225, 231. 6. Dalsjö, Life-Line Lost, 224, 234–235. “Sweden’s Squandered Life- Line.” 7. Dalsjö, “Sweden’s Squandered Life- Line.” 8. Mosey, 128–129. Bjorn Elmbrant, Palme (Stockholm: Fischer and Rye, 1989), 204. 9. Ulf Jönson, “Africa in the Collections,” The World in the Basement: International Material in Archives and Collections Stockholm: Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv och Bibliotek (Labour Movement Archives and Library), 2002, 66–67, 70. Notes ● 239 10. Senyo B.S.K. Adjibolosoo, The Significance of the Human Factor in African Economic Development (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1996), 194. 11. Socialist Affairs 26 (1976), 110. 12. Cited in Douglas Anglin, Canada, Scandinavia, and Southern Africa (Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainsitutet, 1978), 11. 13. Misgeld, 367. 14. A review of correspondence of the three, Briefe und Gespräche. WB, BK, OP (Frankfurt: Europäische Verlangenstalt, 1975) appeared in Socialist Affairs 26 (1976), 26. 15. The so-called Third, or Communist, International (Comintern) was that established by Lenin in 1919 to gather the newly formed Communist Parties. The Second International, the work of democratic socialists opposed to Leninist communism, was revived the same year, and refur- bished in 1946 as the Socialist International. 16. Socialist Affairs 28 (1978), 77. 17. Pierre Schori, The Impossible Neutrality: Sweden’s Role under Olof Palme (Claremont, South Africa: David Philip Publishers, 1994). Kofi Buenor Hadjor, ed., New Perspectives in North- South Dialogue. Essays in Honor of Olof Palme (London: I.B. Tauris, 1988), 256, 267, 272. 18. Hans Ingvar Johnsson, Spotlight on Sweden (Stockholm: The Swedish Institute, 1999), 86. 19. Östergren, 204. 20. Mosey, 129–131. 21. Haste, 94. Socialist Affairs 29 (1979), 77–82. 22. Richard, Le rendez- vous suédois, 111–115. 23. Haste, 104. Mosey, 131–132. 24. Dieter Strand, Med Palme: scener ur en partiledares liv (Stockholm: Norstedt, 1986), Mosey, 133–134. 25. Haste, 106. 26. Peterson, 260–262. 27. Palme, En levande vilja (Stockholm: Tiden, 1987),
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