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Capital Cities Around the World This Page Intentionally Left Blank Capital Cities Around the World Capital Cities around the World This page intentionally left blank Capital Cities around the World An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture ROMAN ADRIAN CYBRIWSKY Copyright 2013 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian. Capital cities around the world : an encyclopedia of geography, history, and culture / Roman Adrian Cybriwsky. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61069-247-2 (hardcopy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9 (ebook) 1. Cities and towns. 2. Capitals. I. Title. G140.C93 2013 909'.09732—dc23 2012046346 ISBN: 978-1-61069-247-2 EISBN: 978-1-61069-248-9 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents List of Capital Cities vii List of Capital Cities by Country xiii Preface xix Introduction xxiii Capital Cities A-Z 1 Appendix: Selected Historic Capital Cities around the World 349 Selected Bibliography 357 Index 361 This page intentionally left blank List of Capital Cities Abu Dhabi Bangkok United Arab Emirates Thailand Abuja Bangui Nigeria Central African Republic Accra Banjul Ghana The Gambia Addis Ababa Basseterre Ethiopia Saint Kitts and Nevis Algiers Beijing Algeria China Amman Beirut Jordan Lebanon Amsterdam Belfast The Netherlands Northern Ireland Andorra La Vella Belgrade Andorra Serbia Ankara Belmopan Turkey Belize Antananarivo Berlin Madagascar Germany Apia Bern Samoa Switzerland Ashgabat Bishkek Turkmenistan Kyrgyzstan Asmara Bissau Eritrea Guinea-Bissau Astana Bloemfontein Kazakhstan South Africa Asunción Bogotá Paraguay Colombia Athens Brasília Greece Brazil Baghdad Bratislava Iraq Slovakia Baku Brazzaville Azerbaijan Republic of the Congo Bamako Bridgetown Mali Barbados Bandar Seri Begawan Brussels Brunei Belgium viii LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES Bucharest Freetown Romania Sierra Leone Budapest Funafuti Hungary Tuvalu Buenos Aires Gaborone Argentina Botswana Bujumbura Georgetown Burundi Guyana Cairo Guatemala City Egypt Guatemala Canberra Hanoi Australia Vietnam Cape Town Harare South Africa Zimbabwe Caracas Havana Venezuela Cuba Cardiff Helsinki Wales Finland Castries Honiara Saint Lucia Solomon Islands Chis‚inau˘ Islamabad Moldova Pakistan Colombo Jakarta Sri Lanka Indonesia Conakry Jerusalem Guinea Israel Copenhagen Juba Denmark South Sudan Dakar Kabul Senegal Afghanistan Damascus Kampala Syria Uganda Dhaka Kathmandu Bangladesh Nepal Dili Khartoum East Timor Sudan Djibouti Kigali Djibouti Rwanda Dodoma Kingston Tanzania Jamaica Doha Kingstown Qatar St. Vincent and the Grenadines Dublin Kinshasa Ireland Democratic Republic of the Congo Dushanbe Kuala Lumpur Tajikistan Malaysia Edinburgh Kuwait City Scotland Kuwait LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES ix Kyiv Minsk Ukraine Belarus La Paz Mogadishu Bolivia Somalia Libreville Monaco Gabon Monaco Lilongwe Monrovia Malawi Liberia Lima Montevideo Peru Uruguay Lisbon Moroni Portugal Comoros Ljubljana Moscow Slovenia Russia Lomé Muscat Togo Oman London Nairobi United Kingdom (England) Kenya Luanda Nassau Angola The Bahamas Lusaka Naypyidaw Zambia Myanmar Luxembourg N’Djamena Luxembourg Chad Madrid New Delhi Spain India Majuro Niamey Marshall Islands Niger Malabo Nicosia Equatorial Guinea Cyprus Malé Nouakchott Maldives Mauritania Managua Nuku’alofa Nicaragua Tonga Manama Oslo Bahrain Norway Manila Ottawa Philippines Canada Maputo Ouagadougou Mozambique Burkina Faso Maseru Palikir Lesotho Federated States of Micronesia Mbabane Panama City Swaziland Panama Melekeok Paramaribo Palau Suriname Mexico City Paris Mexico France x LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES Phnom Penh Santiago Cambodia Chile Podgorica Santo Domingo Montenegro Dominican Republic Port-au-Prince São Tomé Haiti São Tomé and Principe Port Louis Sarajevo Mauritius Bosnia and Herzegovina Port Moresby Seoul Papua New Guinea South Korea Port-of-Spain Singapore Trinidad and Tobago Singapore Port Vila Skopje Vanuatu Macedonia Porto-Novo Sofi a Benin Bulgaria Prague South Tarawa Czech Republic Kiribati Praia St. George’s Cape Verde Grenada Pretoria St. John’s South Africa Antigua and Barbuda Pristina Stockholm Kosovo Sweden Pyongyang Sucre North Korea Bolivia Quito Suva Ecuador Fiji Rabat Taipei Morocco Taiwan Reykjavik Tallinn Iceland Estonia Riga Tashkent Latvia Uzbekistan Riyadh Tbilisi Saudi Arabia Georgia Rome Tegucigalpa Italy Honduras Roseau Tehran Dominica Iran San José Thimphu Costa Rica Bhutan San Marino Tirana San Marino Albania San Salvador Tokyo El Salvador Japan Sana’a Tripoli Yemen Libya LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES xi Tunis Washington, DC Tunisia United States of America Ulaanbaatar Wellington Mongolia New Zealand Vaduz Windhoek Liechtenstein Namibia Valletta Yamoussoukro Malta C ôte d’Ivoire Vatican City Yangon Vatican City (Holy See) Myanmar Victoria Yaoundé Seychelles Cameroon Vienna Yaren Austria Nauru Vientiane Yerevan Laos Armenia Vilnius Zagreb Lithuania Croatia Warsaw Poland This page intentionally left blank List of Capital Cities by Country Afghanistan Bhutan Kabul Thimphu Albania Bolivia Tirana La Paz (administrative); Algeria Sucre (judicial) Algiers Bosnia and Herzegovina Andorra Sarajevo Andorra la Vella Botswana Angola Gaborone Luanda Brazil Antigua and Barbuda Brasília Saint John’s Brunei Argentina Bandar Seri Begawan Buenos Aires Bulgaria Armenia Sofi a Yerevan Burkina Faso Australia Ouagadougou Canberra Burundi Austria Bujumbura Vienna Cambodia Azerbaijan Phnom Penh Baku Cameroon The Bahamas Nassau Yaoundé Bahrain Canada Manama Ottawa Bangladesh Cape Verde Dhaka Praia Barbados Central African Republic Bridgetown Bangui Belarus Chad Minsk N’Djamena Belgium Chile Brussels Santiago Belize China Belmopan Beijing Benin Colombia Porto-Novo Bogotá xiv LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES BY COUNTRY Comoros Gabon Moroni Libreville Congo, Republic of the The Gambia Brazzaville Banjul Congo, Democratic Republic of the Georgia Kinshasa Tbilisi Costa Rica Germany San José Berlin Côte d’Ivoire Ghana Yamoussoukro (offi cial); Abidjan (de facto) Accra Croatia Greece Zagreb Athens Cuba Grenada Havana Saint George’s Cyprus Guatemala Nicosia Guatemala City Czech Republic Guinea Prague Conakry Denmark Guinea-Bissau Copenhagen Bissau Djibouti Guyana Djibouti Georgetown Dominica Haiti Roseau Port-au-Prince Dominican Republic Honduras Santo Domingo Tegucigalpa East Timor (Timor-Leste) Hungary Dili Budapest Ecuador Iceland Quito Reykjavik Egypt India Cairo New Delhi El Salvador Indonesia San Salvador Jakarta Equatorial Guinea Iran Malabo Tehran Eritrea Iraq Asmara Baghdad Estonia Ireland Tallinn Dublin Ethiopia Israel Addis Ababa Jerusalem Fiji Italy Suva Rome Finland Jamaica Helsinki Kingston France Japan Paris Tokyo LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES BY COUNTRY xv Jordan Malta Amman Valletta Kazakhstan Marshall Islands Astana Majuro Kenya Mauritania Nairobi Nouakchott Kiribati Mauritius South Tarawa Port Louis Korea, North Mexico Pyongyang Mexico City Korea, South Micronesia, Federated States of Seoul Palikir Kosovo Moldova Pristina Chis‚inau˘ Kuwait Monaco Kuwait City Monaco Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Bishkek Ulaanbaatar Laos Montenegro Vientiane Podgorica Latvia Morocco Riga Rabat Lebanon Mozambique Beirut Maputo Lesotho Myanmar (Burma) Maseru Rangoon (Yangon); Liberia Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw Monrovia (administrative) Libya Namibia Tripoli Windhoek Liechtenstein Nauru Vaduz no offi cial capital; government offi ces in Lithuania Yaren District Vilnius Nepal Luxembourg Kathmandu Luxembourg Netherlands Macedonia Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of Skopje government) Madagascar New Zealand Antananarivo Wellington Malawi Nicaragua Lilongwe Managua Malaysia Niger Kuala Lumpur Niamey Maldives Nigeria Malé Abuja Mali Norway Bamako Oslo xvi LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES BY COUNTRY Oman Sierra Leone Muscat Freetown Pakistan Singapore Islamabad Singapore Palau Slovakia Melekeok Bratislava Panama Slovenia Panama City Ljubljana Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Port Moresby Honiara Paraguay Somalia Asunción Mogadishu Peru South Africa Lima Pretoria (administrative) Philippines Cape Town (legislative) Manila Bloemfontein (judiciary) Poland South Sudan Warsaw Juba (Relocating to Ramciel) Portugal Spain Lisbon Madrid Qatar Sri Lanka Doha Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Romania Kotte (legislative) Bucharest Sudan Russia n Federation Khartoum Moscow Suriname Rwanda Paramaribo Kigali Swaziland Saint Kitts and Nevis Mbabane Basseterre Sweden Saint Lucia Stockholm Castries Switzerland Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Bern Kingstown Syria Samoa Damascus Apia Taiwan San Marino Taipei San Marino Tajikistan São Tomé and Principe Dushanbe São Tomé Tanzania Saudi Arabia Dar es Salaam; Dodoma Riyadh (legislative) Senegal Thailand Dakar Bangkok Serbia Togo Belgrade Lomé Seychelles Tonga Victoria Nuku’alofa LIST OF CAPITAL CITIES BY COUNTRY xvii Trinidad and Tobago United States of America Port-of-Spain Washington, DC Tunisia Uruguay Tunis Montevideo Turkey Uzbekistan Ankara Tashkent Turkmenistan Vanuatu Ashgabat Port-Vila Tuvalu Vatican City (Holy See) Funafuti Vatican City Uganda Venezuela Kampala Caracas Ukraine Vietnam Kyiv Hanoi United Arab Emirates
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