Community Seed Banks in Nepal
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Community Seed Banks in Nepal 2nd National Workshop Proceedings 3-5 May 2018, Kathmandu Editors: Bal Krishna Joshi, Pitambar Shrestha, Devendra Gauchan and Ronnie Vernooy Community Seed Banks in Nepal 2nd National Workshop Proceedings 3-5 May 2018, Kathmandu Theme: Community seed banks for safeguarding agro-biodiversity and livelihoods Editors Bal Krishna Joshi, PhD Pitambar Shrestha Senior Scientist Senior Programme Manager National Agriculture Genetic Local Initiatives for Resources Center, NARC Biodiversity, Research and Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal Development (LI-BIRD), Email: Pokhara, Nepal [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +977 1 5275131 Tel: +977 61 535357 Devendra Gauchan, PhD Ronnie Vernooy, PhD National Project Manager Policy Specialist Bioversity International Bioversity International Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal Wageningen, the Email: Netherlands [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +977 1 5275141 Tel. +31 317 4868000 Kathmandu, Nepal 2018 © NAGRC, LI-BIRD and Bioversity International, 2018 Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) OPEN ACCESS Encourage to use, multiply, reprint, reproduce with proper citation and acknowledgment. NAGRC (Khumaltar, Lalitpur; http://narc.gov.np) The National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center (NAGRC) was established in 2010 under NARC for the conservation and utilization of all agricultural genetic resources including domesticated plants, crop wild relatives and wild edible plants. Agricultural plant genetic resources are managed through ex-situ, on-farm and in-situ conservation and breeding strategies, through the establishment of seed banks, tissue banks, DNA banks, field genebanks and community genebanks, livestock farm genebanks, aqua pond genebanks and cryo banks. LI-BIRD (Pokhara, Nepal; http://www.libird.org) Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization established in 1995. LI-BIRD aims to contribute to reducing poverty by strengthening resilient livelihood systems, improving ecosystem health and services, and ensuring food, nutrition and income security of smallholder farmers, especially women and youths. LI-BIRD is committed to capitalizing on local initiatives, synergy, and partnerships for sustainable management of renewable natural resources. Bioversity International (Rome, Italy;https://www.bioversityinternational.org ) Bioversity International, formerly known as the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is one of the 15 international agricultural research centres of the CGIAR. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, its vision is that agricultural biodiversity nourishes people and sustains the planet. Bioversity International produces scientific evidence and develops management practices and policy options to safeguard agricultural and tree biodiversity and attain sustainable global food and nutrition security. Published by: NAGRC, LI-BIRD and Bioversity International Published date: December 2018 Disclaimer: Views and contents expressed in the papers are those of authors ISBN: 978-9937-0-5413-3 NARC Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data NPSN: 00730-544/2018/19 | Nepal Genebank Book-20 Citation Joshi BK, P Shrestha, D Gauchan and R Vernooy, eds. 2018. Community Seed Banks in Nepal. 2nd National Workshop Proceedings, 3-5 May 2018, Kathmandu Nepal; NAGRC, LI-BIRD and Bioversity International; Kathmandu, Nepal. Copies: 500 Available: I. NAGRC, Khumaltar, www.narc.gov.np; II. LI-BIRD, Pokhara, www.libird.org and III. Bioversity International, Rome, www.bioversityinternational.org Nepali language editing: Shobhakant Gautam Cover photos: Participants of the Second National Workshop on Community Seed Banks in Nepal (top left), Purkot Community Seeds Bank, Tanahu (top right), Cowpea Seed Production for Shivagunj Community Seeds Bank at Jhapa (bottom left) and Rice Diversity Block Maintained by Shivagunj CSB in Jhapa (bottom right). Cover photo credit: Ronnie Vernooy (top left); Pitambar Shrestha (top right, bottom left and bottom right) Dedication page: Late Dr. Bhuwon Ratna Sthapit in participatory plant breeding rice field in Begnas, Kaski, Nepal. Photo: Mahesh Shrestha. © NAGRC, LI-BIRD and Bioversity International, 2018 Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ vii Foreword ......................................................................................................................... ix Uncommon Abbreviations .............................................................................................. xi Glossary ........................................................................................................................ xiii Nepali Translation of English Words .............................................................................. xx Workshop Background, Summary and Outcomes ......................................................... xxi 30 + 6 Years of Community Seed Banking Around the World: A Good Start, but More to be Done and Learned ........................................................... 1 Ronnie Vernooy Government Implemented Community Seed Banks: Approach and Progress .................................................................................................................. 13 Mukunda Bhusal, Prakash Acharya and Bimal Thapa Chhetri The National Genebank’s Promotion of Community Seed Banks: Status and Strategy ............................................................................................ 21 Bal Krishna Joshi, Krishna Hari Ghimire and Deepa Singh Community Seed Banks in Nepal: Safeguarding Agricultural Biodiversity and Strengthening Local Seed Systems ..................................................... 45 Pitambar Shrestha and Ram Bahadur Rana A Novel Approach for Implementing Community Seed Banks in the Mountain Area of Nepal ...................................................................................... 68 Bharat Bhandari, Niranjan Pudasaini, Rita Gurung, Devendra Gauchan, Pitambar Shrestha, Krishna Hari Ghimire and Bal Krishna Joshi Making a Community Seed Bank Functional and Sustainable: An Experience from Bajura ............................................................................................83 Ram Krishna Shrestha and Bal Krishna Joshi Community Seed Bank Implementation Approach of Action Aid Nepal ............................................................................................................. 95 Mahesh Badal, Shiv Narayan Chaudhary, Badri Subedi and Chhumru Sardar Tharu Promoting Cooperative-based Seed Enterprises in Surkhet and Dadeldhura Districts of Nepal ............................................................................... 106 Prakash Subedi and Swikriti Sharma Farmers’ Rights and Access and Benefit Sharing Mechanisms in Community Seed Banks in Nepal ............................................................................. 117 Devendra Gauchan, Bal Krishna Joshi and Bharat Bhandari ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff / gLltut Joj:yf ................................. 134 clgns'df/ cfrfo{ ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s ;ª\3 g]kfn ............................................................................. 149 /fdPsjfn k|;fb ofbj lzju~h ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, emfkf ...................................................................... 154 l8NnL kf}8]n, hfg'sf du/, g/dfof sfsL{ / k"0f{ kf}8]n srf]jf{ ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, af/f ............................................................................ 159 dxfgf/fo0f ofbj, s'df/L s[i0ff, zdf{nfn ;fx, /fdafa' ofbj / /fdPsjfn ofbj k'sf]{6 ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, tgx'F ........................................................................... 163 ;Ltf/fd ahufFO / nIdL s'dfn cUof}nL ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, gjnk/f;L................................................................. 167 kfj{tL e08f/L / cf:yf e';fn d;'l/of ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, s}nfnL ...................................................................... 171 uf]df e08f/L, kfj{tL ;fksf]6f / dgdfof u'¿ª 306]Zj/ ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, 8f]6L ....................................................................... 175 ef]haxfb'/ dNn / u0f]z lai6 tfdfkmf]s ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, ;ª\v'jf;ef .......................................................... 179 l8NnL lhdL 3gkf]v/f ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, ndh'ª ................................................................. 182 vu]Zj/h+u u'¿ª / >L/fd ;'j]bL h'+u' ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, bf]nvf ............................................................................ 186 g]qaxfb'/ v8\sf / j[Gbf ln+vf xf+s' ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, h'Dnf ............................................................................ 190 wgs[i0f kf08] / sljtf h};L l5k|f ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, x'Dnf ............................................................................ 195 gj/fh e08f/L / ;'Gb/ /fpt rf/kft] ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, df]/ª ......................................................................... 199 5'd? ;/bf/ yf? r]k]d:of{ª\bL ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s tyf ;fd'bflos lkmN8 hLg a}+s ................. 202 df]xg xdfn bnrf]sL ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s, nlntk'/ .................................................................. 209 w'jk|;fb ;fksf]6f ;fd'bflos aLp a}+s;DaGwL bf];|f] /fli6«o sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf ;'emfp .................. 215 kLtfDa/ >]i7, afns[i0f hf]zL, s[i0fxl/ l3ld/] / b]j]Gb| uf}rg Annex I. Community Seed Banks in Nepal: Factsheet ................................................. 221 Annex II. Inventory of Community