DOCSLIB.ORG

Resistencia Nicaragã¼ense Records, 1983-1989

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Resistencia Nicaragã¼ense Records, 1983-1989 http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2z09r5gw No online items Inventory of the Resistencia Nicaragüense records, 1983-1989 Finding aid prepared by David Jacobs Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2010 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Inventory of the Resistencia 92001 1 Nicaragüense records, 1983-1989 Title: Resistencia Nicaragüense records, 1983-1989. Date (inclusive): 1983-1990 Collection Number: 92001 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: In Spanish and English Physical Description: 28 manuscript boxes(11.2 Linear Feet) Abstract: The records pertain to an umbrella organization uniting the main components of the armed resistance to the Sandinista government in Nicaragua in the 1980s. They are comprised largely of correspondence, communiqués, clippings, memoranda, press releases, proposals, programs, and reports. Additionally, there are case files relating to legal proceedings involving some Resistencia Nicaragüense officials. Creator: Resistencia Nicaragüense (Organization) Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access "Box 28 closed. The remainder of the collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use." Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 1992. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Resistencia Nicaragüense records (Organization), [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Scope and Content of Collection The Resistencia Nicaragüense records pertain to an umbrella organization uniting the main components of the armed resistance to the Sandinista government in Nicaragua in the 1980s. They are comprised largely of correspondence, communiqués, clippings, memoranda, press releases, proposals, programs, and reports. Additionally, there are case files relating to legal proceedings involving some Resistencia Nicaragüense officials. Established in May 1987, Resistencia Nicaragüense succeeded an earlier coalition, Unidad Nicaragüense Opositora. As the political wing of what was generally referred to as the contra movement, Resistencia Nicaragüense was primarily concerned with public relations-disseminating information on the armed resistance, and documenting what it considered to be the repressive nature of the Sandinista government. It was also responsible for formulating policy positions for the resistance, including the elaboration of the negotiating stance of the contras in various peace talks conducted with the Nicaraguan government. The records are arranged in the order that they were received. The first eight boxes of the records contain detailed files from the period leading up to the signing of the Sapoá Agreement between the Resistencia Nicaragüense directorate and the Nicaraguan government. These files document the mediation efforts made at the time by Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo, and include proposals from both the Resistencia Nicaragüense directorate and the Sandinista leadership, as well as the text of the Sapoá Agreement. There is information on the implementation of the agreement, and the subsequent breakdown of the cease fire that had resulted from the accord. The records also contain files relating to the case of Linder v. Calero, a lawsuit brought against four contra officials by the family of Benjamin Linder, an American aid worker killed in Nicaragua. More generally, the records include many press releases and statements issued by the directorate of Resistencia Nicaragüense, as well as a number of reports on military operations conducted by contra forces. There are internal documents that reveal various disagreements between military commanders and the political leadership of the resistance. The records also contain a substantial number of clippings relating to the Nicaraguan civil war and to other political developments in Central America. Some of the earlier materials in the records were generated by Unidad Nicaragüense Opositora. There are also numerous materials in the records relating to the individual organizations that comprised Resistencia Nicaragüense, including the Fuerzas Democráticas Nicaragüenses (FDN) and YATAMA (Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka), a resistance group formed by Indians from the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua. There is little in the records about the various controversies relating to the Reagan administration's supplying of arms to the contras, nor is there documentation of the broader question of American financial and logistical aid to the resistance. Inventory of the Resistencia 92001 2 Nicaragüense records, 1983-1989 A separate collection of materials from the armed wing of the resistance, Ejército records, is closed, although a portion of the collection is available for use on microfilm. Related Materials Resistencia Nicaragüense (Ejercito), Hoover Institution Library & Archives Subjects and Indexing Terms Nicaragua -- History -- 1979-1990 Nicaragua -- Foreign relations -- United States United States -- Foreign relations -- Nicaragua Guerrillas -- Nicaragua Nicaragua -- Politics and government -- 1979-1990 Press releases, open letters, and related documents 1989 box 1, folder 1 January box 1, folder 2 February-March box 1, folder 3 April box 1, folder 4 May-June box 1, folder 6 July box 1, folder 7 August-September Peace agreements 1988-1989 box 2, folder 1-6 Sapoá Agreement 1988-1989 box 2, folder 7-8 Other diplomatic initiatives 1989 box 3, folder 1 Press release 1988 February 11 box 3, folder 2-3 Summary of military activities 1988 February 12 box 3, folder 4 Letter from Azucena Ferrey to José Napoleon Duarte 1988 February 12 box 3, folder 5 Communiqué 1988 February 15 box 3, folder 6 Communiqué 1988 February 16 box 3, folder 7 Press release and agenda 1988 February 17 box 3, folder 8 Letter from Violeta de Chamorro to Oscar Arias Sánchez 1988 February 18 box 3, folder 9 Communiqué 1988 February 18 box 3, folder 10 Guatemala meeting 1988 February 18 box 3, folder 11 Press release 1988 February 19 box 3, folder 12 Guatemala negotiations 1988 February 18 box 3, folder 13 Proposal by Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo 1988 February 18 box 3, folder 14 Communiqués 1988 February 19 box 3, folder 15 Public statement by Ramón Emilio Jiménez 1988 February 2 box 3, folder 16 Speech by President Reagan 1988 February 2 box 3, folder 17 Washington demonstration 1988 February 2 box 3, folder 18 Press release 1988 February 5 box 3, folder 19 Communiqué 1988 February 5 box 3, folder 20 Open letter to the American people 1988 February 6 box 3, folder 21 Open letter to the Japanese people 1988 February 6 box 3, Statements by Alfonso Robelo Callejas 1988 February 8 folder 22-23 box 3, Press releases 1988 February 9 folder 24-25 box 3, folder 26 Press release 1988 February 10 box 3, folder 27 Press release 1988 January 21 box 3, folder 28 Minutes of meeting 1988 January 21 box 3, Press releases 1988 January 22 folder 29-30 box 3, folder 31 Letter of resignation from Alfonso Robelo 1988 January 27 box 3, folder 32 Press release 1988 January 28 box 3, folder 33 Cease fire proposal 1988 January 28 box 3, folder 34 Sandinista proposal 1988 January 28 Inventory of the Resistencia 92001 3 Nicaragüense records, 1983-1989 box 3, folder 35 Document on Sandinista strategy 1988 box 3, folder 36 Clippings relating to deaths of civilians 1988 February box 3, folder 37 Declaration by opposition parties 1988 February 3 box 3, folder 38 Press release 1988 February 2 box 3, folder 39 Declaration by Central American presidents 1988 January 17 box 3, folder 40 Communiqué 1988 January 19 box 3, folder 41 Communiqué 1988 January 24 box 3, folder 42 Press release 1988 January 27 box 3, folder 43 Letter from Daniel Ortega to Ronald Reagan 1988 January 20 box 3, folder 44 Communiqué 1988 January 13 box 3, folder 45 Statement by Alfredo César 1988 January 13 box 3, folder 46 Statement by Pedro Joaquín Chamorro 1988 January 14 box 3, folder 47 Communiqué 1988 January 15 box 3, folder 48 Transcript of press conference by Daniel Ortega 1988 January 16 box 3, folder 49 Communiqué 1988 March 29 box 3, folder 50 Letter from Aristides Sínchez to Victor Hugo Tinoco 1988 March 29 box 3, folder 51 Message from Daniel Ortega 1988 January 1 box 3, folder 52 Press release 1988 January 4 box 3, folder 53 Press release 1988 January 6 box 3, folder 54 Communiqué 1988 January 8 box 3, folder 55 Letter from Azucena Ferrey and Adolfo Calero to Orville Schell and Aryeh Neier 1988 January 12 box 3, folder 56 Letter from Oscar Arias to Alfonso Robelo, Alfredo César, and Pedro Joaquín Chamorro 1988 January 1 box 3, folder 57 Letter from Directorate to Carlos Huembes 1988 January 13 box 4, folder 1 List of prisoners 1988 March 26 box 4, folder 2 Congressional resolution 1988 March 19 box 4, folder 3 Press release 1988 March 29 box 4, folder 4 Congressional resolution 1988 March 30 box 4, folder 5 Clipping relating to Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo 1988 February 21 box 4, folder 6 Summary of military activities 1988 February 23 box 4, folder 7 Letter from Daniel Ortega to Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo 1988 February 23 box 4, folder 8 Press release 1988 February 24 box 4, folder 9 Communiqué 1988 February 24 box 4, folder 10 Letter from Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo to Daniel Ortega 1988 February 25 box 4, folder 11 Note to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Haiirlfphtpr Hpralji for a Dinah ) Manchester — a City of Village Charm Ntaln- a Risk 30 Cents >D the Saturday, Nov
    lostt: n.) (In (CC) <^Ns >ldfa- fendt. Ovaf' » ' An K>IV8S world. nvtta* »ii. (90 n Plc- :tantly leen- HaiirlfpHtPr HpralJi for a Dinah ) Manchester — A City of Village Charm ntaln- a risk 30 Cents >d the Saturday, Nov. 14.1987 y with n. W ill O 'Q ill ytallar lapra- Y> dfl* Tiny ‘FIRST STEF BY ORTEGA i in an tty by , John Contras I Evil' ito an f Den- criticize 1971. peace plan 1/ WASHINGTON (AP) — Nicara­ guan President Daniel Ortega on Friday laid out a detailed plan for reaching a cease-fire in three weeks with the Contras fighting his leftist government and a mediator agreed to carry the proposal to the U.S.-backed rebels. Ortega, indicating flexibility, called his plan “ a proposal, not an ultimatum." Contra leaders, react­ ing to news reports in Miami, criticized the plan and termed it "a proposal for anorderly surrender.” Ortega's 11-point plan was re­ ceived by Nicaraguan Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo, who agreed to act as a mediator between the two sides. The prelate planned to convey Ortega’s offer to the Contras and seek a response, opening cease-fire negotiations. The plan calls for a cease-fire to begin on Dec. 5 and for rebel troops inside Nicaragua to move to one of three cease-fire zones. The rebels would lay down their arms on Jan. 5 before independent observers, and then be granted amnesty. The plan specifies that Contras in the field are not to get any military supplies during the cease-fire, but would allow food, clothing and medical care to be provided them by a neutral international agency.
    [Show full text]
  • SENATE-Tuesday, June 5, 1984 the Senate Met at 11 A.M
    June 5, 1984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 14931 SENATE-Tuesday, June _5, 1984 The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was SENATE SCHEDULE The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ called to order by the Honorable Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, today pore. Without objection, it is so or­ DANIEL J. EVANS, a Senator from the the Senate convenes pursuant to the dered. State of Washington. adjournment of yesterday. Under the Mr. BAKER. Of course, this is to ac­ order previously entered, the reading commodate the requirement for Sena­ PRAYER of the Journal is dispensed with, no tors to attend caucuses by both par­ The Chaplain, the Reverend Rich­ resolutions may come over under the ties, which are held away from the ard C. Halverson, D.D., offered the fol­ rule, the call of the calendar has been Senate Chamber. lowing prayer: dispensed with, and morning hour has Mr. President, I do not anticipate been deemed to have expired. that today will be a late day, but, once Let us pray. Mr. President, this is no surprise, of more, I do expect us to be in for a full Gracious Father in Heaven, we ac­ course, to the minority leader as to week, including Friday. knowledge the abundance which Thou why that was done yesterday. It cre­ Mr. President, there is a messenger hast lavished upon us. We live in ated a new legislative day in the at the door from the House of Repre­ luxury compared to most people in the Senate with respect to the availability sentatives. world including many in our land­ of measures which have now reached some just a few blocks from this build­ the calendar.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington's Foundering Fathers: the Contras and Contragate
    AUSTRALIAN LEFT REVIEW 31 WASHINGTON'S FOUNDERING FATHERS The Contras and Contragate Barry Carr Contragate revealed the depth of Washington's commitment to the Contras. But it hasn't made life any easier for Nicaragua. here is no issue closer to the footsteps of the Founding Fathers of million) to the Contras, Reagan heart of the Reagan administ­ the United States, and has likened commented "I'm sure it put a smile T ration than its crusade against them to Simon Bolivar, the French on the face ofthe Statue ofLiberty".1 the Sandinista government of Resistance and, most recently and Nicaragua. President Reagan is bizarrely, the Abratlam Lincoln Support for the Nicaraguan completely besotted with the Brigade of the Spanish Civil War. counter-revolution is the best Contras. He has described them as When the US Co!!gress finall3 voted, example of the US's grotesque efforts freedom fighters following in the in JuJy 1986, to renew aid ($100 at "symmetry" - i.e. the attempt to AUSTRALIAN LEFT REVIEW 33 mtmtc and counter the Soviet Union's alleged instigation of national liberation movements by fomenting anti-communist insurgencies in regions of the world where US hegemony is threatened by nationalist and socialist states. The Contras emerged from the ranks of the hated National Guard who fled to Honduras and Costa Rica following on the fall of the Somoza dynasty in 1979. The bedraggled and demoralised Somocistas in Honduras were reorganised by the CIA during 1981, receiving $19 million in US government funds, and training from Argentine military advisers who had been blooded in the ferocious "dirty war" of 1976-81 in which 25-30,000 Argentine civilians were murdered.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua= a Blueprint for Democracy
    558 , . ,. .. .. .. _..I..i.:... I., I I .. 1." . January 20, 1987 ... .. ~ .. -... NICARAGUA= A BLUEPRINT FOR DEMOCRACY INTRODUCTION The democratic aspirations of Nicaraguans have been suppressed by dictatorships of both left and right for most of their nation's history. Yet the chances for democracy's emergence in Nicaragua seem better now than ever before. Just this week, the United Nicaraguan Opposition (UNO) and the Southern Opposition Bloc (BOS) issued a manifesto, which is a democratic alternative to the Sandinista political program. When the Marxist Sandinista regime is finally overthrown by these nationalist democratic forces, Nicaraguans will need the support and cooperation of the Western democracies in developing a truly pluralist system of government and rebuilding their nation's..economy. With the tide in Latin America now running strongly in favor of democracy, Nicaragua could follow the example of' Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay, and other nations that have experienced a transition from military dictatorship to democratic rule. To do so, however, Nicaragua will need a blueprint for building democracy, once the current Marxist-Leninist Sandinista-regime collapses. Such a plan for pluralism should include: o Drafting a timetable for truly free and fair national elections, beginning with the election of a constituent assembly and ending with concurrent elections for a president, a legislative assembly, and mayoralties/municipal councils; o Assuring Nicaragua's Indian, Creole, and other minorities that they will be free to follow their unique cultural and religious practices in perpetuity; o Revitalizing the Nicaraguan economy through sweeping structural economic reforms: legal guarantee of private property rights; streamlining the government bureaucracy: and privatization of state-owned holdings.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua: United States Assistance to the Nicaraguan Human Rights Association and the Nicaraguan Resistance
    Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 1988 Nicaragua: United States Assistance to the Nicaraguan Human Rights Association and the Nicaraguan Resistance Suzanne B. Goldberg Columbia Law School, [email protected] Lee Crawford Kevin Reed John Tennant Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Suzanne B. Goldberg, Lee Crawford, Kevin Reed & John Tennant, Nicaragua: United States Assistance to the Nicaraguan Human Rights Association and the Nicaraguan Resistance, 1 HARV. HUM. RTS. YB. 260 (1988). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/1109 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Human Rights Yearbook / Vol. 1 NICARAGUA: United States Assistance to the Nicaraguan Human Rights Association and the Nicaraguan Resistance The question of providing aid to the Nicaraguan Resistance has been significant to United States human rights policy throughout the Rea- gan Administration. Although events have changed repeatedly during the winter of 1988, including a truce between the Nicaraguan Gov- ernment and the Resistance and a Congressional decision not to provide military aid to the Resistance, the underlying policy issues remain constant. The Harvard Human Rights Yearbook presents two notes, infra, discussing the Military Construction Appropriations Act of 1987, which granted $100 million in aid to the Nicaraguan Resis- tance. The first note discusses the Nicaraguan Human Rights Asso- ciation (Asociacidn Nicaraguense Pro-Derechos Humanos "ANPDH"), a human rights organization sponsored and funded by the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Contra Leader Arturo Cruz Resigns: Political Will for Democratic Reforms Within Contra Movement Not Visible Deborah Tyroler
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 3-11-1987 Contra Leader Arturo Cruz Resigns: Political Will For Democratic Reforms Within Contra Movement Not Visible Deborah Tyroler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation Tyroler, Deborah. "Contra Leader Arturo Cruz Resigns: Political Will For Democratic Reforms Within Contra Movement Not Visible." (1987). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen/496 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 076960 ISSN: 1089-1560 Contra Leader Arturo Cruz Resigns: Political Will For Democratic Reforms Within Contra Movement Not Visible by Deborah Tyroler Category/Department: General Published: Wednesday, March 11, 1987 On March 9, Arturo Cruz, one of three chieftains of the United Nicaraguan Opposition (UNO), resigned after months of bitter conflict within the contra movement. In a formal letter of resignation (published the next day in the MIAMI HERALD), Cruz said his time had run out in terms of waiting for genuine democratic reforms to take place in the movement. In a telephone interview from Costa Rica with NEW YORK TIMES reporter James LeMoyne, Cruz said he did not see the political will among the rebels to make major changes, so he had decided to resign. "I remain a firm opponent of the present Sandinista regime and a backer of the democratic cause in Nicaragua," he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Adolfo Calero Talks on Freedom Bowling Balls!
    Soviets enjoy Seniors: A chance to speak out Wrestlers at top the U.S. of performance on coeducation See page 4 See page 6 See page 5 • .. tum t WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSIT Y L EXINGTON, VIRGINIA VOLUME 88, NO. J.3 JANUARY 26, 1989 1 By f\.1arle Dunne 'ttudcnt seJtual harcJs\n1Cntf being a cauon of Women at the As.'lOCiation of Starr Reporter problem on th1' campus.·· s:ud Anecc An1encan Colleges as reported tn Mt:C'Iuud, A'o~1ate Dean of Student., "The Clas'iroom Climate for • .. m~tt!(llli' lum dt'HIIfllf('c/ I 11n~ for Minority and lntemauonal Af· Women." by Bernice R. Sandler, Th~ tht• dm ht• /o pmft.'\.\1)/ I cllkt'tl me 1t1 faar.. American Woman 1987-88. • 1lt•tp 11'1111 lum • u IVu\hmgum mul McCloud. the admini\Lrator who " We are on a par with other college u e fm~ttlr \twh m handll~ compl:unt' und conducl't tn· campu.~. especially of the same That remarK 1' un eM:crpt lrom a ve'ttigauons of~ of faculty to ~tu type." !>Did McCloud. who srud she is 1 letter to the edator m tha ~ i''uc of The dent hara.~\rnent , declined to g1ve ranlang W&L according to articles Ring-tum Ph1, and 11 andu.:atc' that SjX.'CJiic mfonnauon on the number or 'lhe hru. read on sexual hara.c;sment. ~x ual haru,!tn>ent ot Mudcrw. hy fa­ nature of any c~e~ of faculty to Mu· However, she pointed out that preva­ ' cult) i' OCI.u rring on the W&l cam­ dent hara.'tsmcnt at W&L.
    [Show full text]
  • Affidavit of Edgar Chamorro
    _TNTERNATIONAL COURT a JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING MILITAXY AND PARAMILITARY ACTIVIPI ES IN AND AGAINST NICARAGUA (NICARAGUA V. UNITED. STATES OF AMERICA) mFIDAVIT OF EDGAR CHAMORRO September 5, 1985 AFFIDAVIT EDGAR EHAMORRQ City of Washington 1 ) ss: District of Columbia ) I, EDGAR CHAMORRO, being first duly sworn, depose and say the following: 1. I am a citizen of Nicaragua. I was born in Granada, Nicaragua on July 23, 1931. I presently reside in the United States of America wit$ my wife and two children, at 640 Allendale Road, Key Biscayne, Florida. I have applied to the Government of the United States for permanent resident status so that I can live permanently in the United States. i am currently awaiting final action on my application. I have been advised by my attorneys that I should not travel outside the United States until my application for permanent resident status is formally approved; travel outside the United States at the present time, according to my attorneys, could prejudice my application and result in my being permanently excluded from the United States. Since I am unable to appear in person before the International Court of Justice, I submitting my testimony to the Court in written form. 2. I will begin by describing my background. I was raised in Nicaragua. At the age of 19, I joined the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church, and subsequently became a Roman Catholic priest. I studied at the following Jesuit-affiliated institutions: Catholic University in Quito, Ecuador; St. Louis University in St. Louis, Missouri; and Marquette University in I : Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E1242 HON. TED POE HON. BILL FLORES HON. DAVID RIVERA HON. KENNY MARCHANT HON
    E1242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks July 12, 2012 REMEMBERING MICHIGAN STATE States by U.S. News & World Report every 30,000 men in the field—more than the Sandi- SENATOR BILL VAN year since the rankings began in 1983. nistas ever had in their fight against the REGENMORTER Rice also ranks among the 10 best value Somoza regime. private colleges by Princeton Review. The decade-long effort to oppose the Sandi- HON. TED POE The James A. Baker III Institute for public nistas received typical on-again off-again sup- OF TEXAS policy at Rice is world renowned for its con- port from a fickle U.S. Congress. During that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tributions as a think tank. time, Soviet-Cuban support for communist Rice has constituently been ranked among Thursday, July 12, 2012 governments and insurgencies in Nicaragua, the top 20 universities in the U.S. overall and El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mex- Mr. POE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise today for Hispanic students. ico was steadfast. Their goal was to spread to honor the life of a leader in the victims’ Rice University is one of three Tier One re- communism throughout the hemisphere and rights movement, former Michigan State Sen- search and education universities in Texas. up to the southern border of the United States. ator Bill van Regenmorter. Rice is ranked the number 4 best value Central America was engaged in an epic It was fitting that flags in Michigan were among private Universities. struggle and Nicaragua was the epicenter. flown at half-mast following Bill’s death.
    [Show full text]
  • Formas Y Prácticas De La Guerra De Nicaragua En El Siglo XX
    NÚMERO 28 GILLES BATAILLON Formas y prácticas de la guerra de Nicaragua en el siglo XX ABRIL 2004 www.cide.edu Las colecciones de Documentos de Trabajo del CIDE representan un medio para difundir los avances de la labor de investigación, y para permitir que los autores reciban comentarios antes de su publicación definitiva. Se agradecerá que los comentarios se hagan llegar directamente al (los) autor(es). • D.R. ® 2004. Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, carretera México-Toluca 3655 (km. 16.5), Lomas de Santa Fe, 01210, México, D.F. Tel. 5727•9800 exts. 2202, 2203, 2417 Fax: 5727•9885 y 5292•1304. Correo electrónico: [email protected] www.cide.edu Producción a cargo del (los) autor(es), por lo que tanto el contenido así como el estilo y la redacción son su responsabilidad. Resumen Nicaragua, a lo largo de su historia, ha presenciado diferentes momentos de conflictos armados. En este documento de trabajo se describen dos de ellos, los que transcurren entre 1978 y 1987. El primero, que va de 1978 a 1979, culmina con la derrota de Somoza. El segundo, que se ubica entre 1982 y 1987, cubre el enfrentamiento entre el nuevo Estado dominado por los sandinistas y una nebulosa de opositores. El autor argumenta que estas dos guerras constituyen los últimos momentos de las prácticas políticas arrastradas por los actores sociopolíticos nicaragüenses desde la época de independencia. Las prácticas y formas de estas dos guerras sólo pueden entenderse prestando atención a las particularidades políticas y sociológicas de Nicaragua, tales como la existencia de facciones, la yuxtaposición de cuerpos heterogéneos detrás de sus élites respectivas, un Estado incipiente cuya ausencia es palpable en algunas partes de su territorio y una falta de autorregulación social que conduce a la instauración de la barbarie y la violencia.
    [Show full text]
  • Template for FOIA Inventory
    George Bush Presidential Library 1000 George Bush Drive West College Station, TX 77845 phone: (979) 691-4041 fax: (979) 691-4030 http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu [email protected] Inventory for FOIA Request 2004-0729-F Records on U.S.-Nicaragua Relations [Bush Vice Presidential] Extent 21 folders Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Bush Presidential Records is governed by the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 USC 552 as amended) and the Presidential Records Act (PRA) (44 USC 22) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions. Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, USC) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Provenance Official records of George Bush’s presidency are housed at the George Bush Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). Processed By Staff Archivists, December 2009. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released. Scope and Content The materials in FOIA 2004-0729-F are responsive to the topic of the FOIA. Related materials can be found in FOIA 2004-0728-F entitled “Records on U.S.-Nicaragua Relations [Bush Presidential]” and 2004- 0730-F entitled “Records on U.S.-Nicaragua Relations [Quayle Vice Presidential]”. FOIA 2004-0722-F contains materials related to U.S.-Nicaragua relations from 1980 to 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Members of Seven-Man Directorate for New Contra Movement Organization Elected Deborah Tyroler
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 5-15-1987 Six Members Of Seven-man Directorate For New Contra Movement Organization Elected Deborah Tyroler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation Tyroler, Deborah. "Six Members Of Seven-man Directorate For New Contra Movement Organization Elected." (1987). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen/648 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 076679 ISSN: 1089-1560 Six Members Of Seven-man Directorate For New Contra Movement Organization Elected by Deborah Tyroler Category/Department: General Published: Friday, May 15, 1987 In Miami, Florida, on May 14, leaders of a newly organized contra movement told reporters they planned to intensify their struggle against the Nicaraguan government, especially on the political front. Alfredo Cesar, member of the directorate of the new group said, "We want to use military action for political solutions, not as an end in itself." Cesar represents the Southern Opposition Bloc (BOS), a small Costa Rica-based left-of-center group. Cesar expressed support of the peace plan sponsored by Costa Rican President Oscar Arias, as did three other members of the new directorate. BOS plans to offer modifications to the Arias plan at the Central American summit meeting scheduled for June in Esquipulas, Guatemala. The modifications include: amnesty for combatants, lifting the state of siege in Nicaragua, resupply of the combatants in Nicaragua and evacuation of the wounded.
    [Show full text]