Festschrift:Experimenting with Research: Kenneth Mees, Eastman
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Depth of Field PDF Only
Depth of Field for Digital Images Robin D. Myers Better Light, Inc. In the days before digital images, before the advent of roll film, photography was accomplished with photosensitive emulsions spread on glass plates. After processing and drying the glass negative, it was contact printed onto photosensitive paper to produce the final print. The size of the final print was the same size as the negative. During this period some of the foundational work into the science of photography was performed. One of the concepts developed was the circle of confusion. Contact prints are usually small enough that they are normally viewed at a distance of approximately 250 millimeters (about 10 inches). At this distance the human eye can resolve a detail that occupies an angle of about 1 arc minute. The eye cannot see a difference between a blurred circle and a sharp edged circle that just fills this small angle at this viewing distance. The diameter of this circle is called the circle of confusion. Converting the diameter of this circle into a size measurement, we get about 0.1 millimeters. If we assume a standard print size of 8 by 10 inches (about 200 mm by 250 mm) and divide this by the circle of confusion then an 8x10 print would represent about 2000x2500 smallest discernible points. If these points are equated to their equivalence in digital pixels, then the resolution of a 8x10 print would be about 2000x2500 pixels or about 250 pixels per inch (100 pixels per centimeter). The circle of confusion used for 4x5 film has traditionally been that of a contact print viewed at the standard 250 mm viewing distance. -
Film Grain, Resolution and Fundamental Film Particles
FFFiiilllmmm GGGrrraaaiiinnn,,, RRReeesssooollluuutttiiiooonnn aaannnddd FFFuuunnndddaaammmeennntttaaalll FFFiiilllmmm PPPaaarrrtttiiicccllleeesss Version 9 March 2006 Tim Vitale © 2006 use by permission only 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamental Film Particles – Silver-Halide 0.2 - 2.0 um 3 Feature Size and Digital Resolution: Data Table 1 4 Dye Clouds are the Fundamental Particles Color Film 6 3 Film Grain 6 Dye Clouds are the Film Grain in Color Film 6 Film Grain in Black-and-White Film 7 Cross-Section of Film 9 Grain Size Variability 9 RMS Granularity – Film Image Noise 9 RMS Granularity of Several Films: Data Table 2 10 Film Resolution – Sharpness 10 System Resolving Power Equation 12 Lens Issues Effecting Resolution 12 Film Issues Effecting Resolution 12 Evaluation a System: Camera, Lens and Film 13 Selected Film & Lens Resolution Data: Data Table 3 13 Camera System Resolving Power: Data Table 4 14 Measuring Film Grain 14 Print Grain Index 14 Size of Perceived Film Grain: Example 15 Size Domains for Enlargement & Magnification: Data Table 5 15 Maximum Resolution of a Microscope: Data Table 6 16 4 Eliminating Film Grain from an Image 18 Drum Scan Aperture 18 Feature size vs. Digital Resolution vs. Film: Data Table 7 19 Scan Resolution in Flatbed Scanning 19 Wet Mounting for Film Scanning 20 New Generation of Flatbed Scanners 21 Future Generation of Scanners – Epson Perfection V750-M 23 Software for Diminishing Film Grain 24 1 Introduction The purpose of this complex essay is to demonstrate the following: • Fundamental film particles (silver -
A Tone Signature Analysis of Multispectral Photography
University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 8-1-1969 A Tone Signature Analysis of Multispectral Photography Michael V. Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Miller, Michael V., "A Tone Signature Analysis of Multispectral Photography" (1969). Theses and Dissertations. 3672. https://commons.und.edu/theses/3672 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A TONS SIGNATURE ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL PHOTOGRAPHY by Michael V. Miller Bachelor of Philosophy, University of North Dakota 196? A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty o f the University o f North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements fo r the Degree o f Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota August 1969 T/W HU This thesis submitted by Michael V. Miller in partial fulfillment o f the requirements fo r the Degree o f Master o f Science from the University o f North Dakota is hereby approved by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done. i i 287930 Permission T itle A TONS SIGNATURE ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL PHOTOGRAPHY Department Department o f Geography Decree Master of Science______ __________ ______ ______ In presenting this thesis, in partial fulfillment of the requirements fo r a graduate degree from the University o f North Dakota, I agree that the Library o f this University shall make it freely available for inspection. -
FULL PROGRAM A-4 Printable Format
A SPECIAL THANK YOU TO: OUR SPONSORS INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS New York Public Library for the Performing Arts New York Public Library, Barbara Goldsmith ConservaIon Lab The James B. Duke House of The InsItute of Fine Arts, New York University The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of Photograph ConservaIon Museum of Modern Art, The David Booth ConservaIon Department Laumont Photographics Alison Rossiter, ArIst Adam Fuss, ArIst ORGANIZING COMMITTEES Heather Brown, AIC Photographic Materials Group Secretary/Treasurer TaIana Cole AIC, Photographic Materials Group Program Chair Diana Diaz, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Coordinator Jessica Keister, NYC Local Planning Team Coordinator Barbara Lemmen, AIC Photographic Materials Group Chair Saori Kawasumi Lewis, AIC Photographic Materials Group Secretary/Treasurer Ruth Seyler, AIC MeeIngs & Advocacy Director Barbara Brown, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Assistant Coordinator Susie Clark, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Assistant Coordinator Lee Ann Daffner, NYC Local Planning Team EsIbaliz Guzman, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Assistant Coordinator Marc Harnly, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Assistant Coordinator Greg Hill, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Assistant Coordinator MarIn Jürgens, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Assistant Coordinator Natasha Kung, NYC Local Planning Team Krista Lough, NYC Local Planning Team Mark Strange, ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Assistant Coordinator Elsa Thyss, NYC Local Planning Team TABLE OF CONTENTS Program of Talks in Summary . 1 Speakers, Authors, & Abstracts Wednesday, Feb. 20th . 3 Thursday, Feb. 21st . 13 Friday, Feb. 22nd . 24 Session Chairs . 30 Workshops . 30 Tours Tuesday, Feb. 19th . 32 Wednesday and Thursday, Feb. 20th and 21st . -
Art & Science of Photography.Indd
Art and Science of Photography by Jan Steinman ©2001–2007, Jan Steinman. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction 1 Art Camera Basics 3 and Exposure 5 Perspective 7 Motion Control 9 Depth of Field 11 Science Light 13 Macro 15 Composition 17 of Photography Field Trip 19 by Jan Steinman Contents Art & Science of Photography ii Introduction There are two types of people in this world: those who divide the world up into two types, and those who think there is more to it all than that. I guess I fall into both groups — I can’t make up my mind! On the one hand, it is useful to stereotype people, to better understand their motivations and desires. On the other hand, how dare anyone put me, or anyone else, in a nice, tidy box! Dividing up the world into “art” types and “science” types is a useful way to look at things. So much of what we do falls neatly into one category or another. Play music? Art. Build a machine? Science. On the other hand, no one exists who lives wholly in the realm of the aesthetic, just as technology alone cannot provide a full life. I’ll be making a special effort to bring these two together, but you have to join me in that effort. If you are an “art” type, try to pay special attention to the “science” bits — they’ll help you achieve the artistic effects that you may have thought were up to luck. Or if you are a “science” type, try to spend time on the “art” topics — they’ll help you get beyond technically profi- cient, but boring, images. -
Corporate Archives and the Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 5-2018 Making History Work: Corporate Archives and the Eastman Kodak Company Emily King Rochester Institute of Technology, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation King, Emily, "Making History Work: Corporate Archives and the Eastman Kodak Company" (2018). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS MAKING HISTORY WORK: CORPORATE ARCHIVES AND THE EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN MUSEUM STUDIES DEPARTMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS AND VISUAL CULTURE AND HISTORY BY EMILY KING APRIL 2018 Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................................1 I. Literature Review.........................................................................................................................2 A. An Historical Perspective................................................................................................2 B. Advocating for Business Archives..................................................................................6 C. Best Practices in the Field -
Liz Deschenes
MIGUEL ABREU GALLERY LIZ DESCHENES Born in Boston, MA, 1966 Lives and works in New York EDUCATION 1988 Rhode Island School of Design B.F.A. Photography, Providence, RI SOLO EXHIBITIONS 2016 Campoli Presti, Paris, France Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA 2015 Gallery 4.1.1, MASS MoCA, North Adams, MA 2014 Gallery 7, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN Stereographs #1-4 (Rise / Fall), Miguel Abreu Gallery, New York 2013 Bracket (Paris), Campoli Presti, Paris, France Bracket (London), Campoli Presti, London, UK 2012 Secession, Vienna, Austria 2010 Shift / Rise, Sutton Lane, Brussels, Belgium 2009 Right / Left, Sutton Lane, Paris, France Chromatic Aberration (Red Screen, Green Screen, Blue Screen - a series of photographs from 2001 - 2008), Sutton Lane, London, UK Tilt / Swing, Miguel Abreu Gallery, New York 2007 Photographs, Sutton Lane, London, UK Registration, Miguel Abreu Gallery, New York 2001 Blue Screen Process, Andrew Kreps Gallery, New York 1999 Below Sea Level, Andrew Kreps Gallery, New York 1997 Beppu, Bronwyn Keenan Gallery, New York 88 Eldridge Street / 36 Orchard Street, New York, NY 10002 • 212.995.1774 • fax 646.688.2302 [email protected] • www.miguelabreugallery.com SELECTED GROUP & TWO-PERSON EXHIBITIONS 2017 Sol Lewitt & Liz Deschenes, Fraenkel Gallery, San Fransisco, CA PhotoPlay: Lucid Objects, Paris Photo, Grand Palais, Paris, France The Coffins of Paa Joe and the Pursuit of Happiness, The School | Jack Shainman Gallery, Kinderhook, NY Paper as Object, curated by Richard Tinkler, Albert Merola Gallery, -
Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic
Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Scrapbooks Collection Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Scrapbooks Collection About fifteen years ago a man by the name of Forsyth* in Boston Eastman's Life ,,>,' Mr. Ackerman conceived the idea of estahli Story AtTea in not NevTTorM said, "replied to this letter, a dental infirmary where the chil but fuX*/?f t*}f its because of his own feelings, dren of that city could obtain ex l s;e Eastman expressed rc- Isiim social because of his sense of pert dental treatment free of grei today at Inability jn accept I fol responsibility." His reply charge. The idea appealed to mo Next an invitation to a tea WWew York Tuesday lows: and I established, a denial di s Eastman's life City this honor that I can George story afterrjjjptwJRi of| Permit me to say aary in Rochester for all Fausta Ital indigent] "will go on the air next Tuesday Vitt^av^fcngarini, understand vour present anxiety ian 1r tfrROSiS sixteen years f age.| under It 9:30 p. m. sculptrefar the which confront Ichildren between and problems has At that Mmc. last year exe school before I Since this dispensary time, Frazier Hunt, M/nw2rini Corrfl^nndenrft Ytr I had to leave of a small West you. of this famous cuted bust of Mr. Eaat representative old because I the children city| newspaper correspon m was fourteen years opened afrxqmze and George Bast one mil- man for. fine dental clinics he Iginia churchman earner in the received more than dent, will touch for the first haul was the only wage have the liter's international time incidents in the London and Rome. -
The Development and Growth of British Photographic Manufacturing and Retailing 1839-1914
The development and growth of British photographic manufacturing and retailing 1839-1914 Michael Pritchard Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Imaging and Communication Design Faculty of Art and Design De Montfort University Leicester, UK March 2010 Abstract This study presents a new perspective on British photography through an examination of the manufacturing and retailing of photographic equipment and sensitised materials between 1839 and 1914. This is contextualised around the demand for photography from studio photographers, amateurs and the snapshotter. It notes that an understanding of the photographic image cannot be achieved without this as it directly affected how, why and by whom photographs were made. Individual chapters examine how the manufacturing and retailing of photographic goods was initiated by philosophical instrument makers, opticians and chemists from 1839 to the early 1850s; the growth of specialised photographic manufacturers and retailers; and the dramatic expansion in their number in response to the demands of a mass market for photography from the late1870s. The research discusses the role of technological change within photography and the size of the market. It identifies the late 1880s to early 1900s as the key period when new methods of marketing and retailing photographic goods were introduced to target growing numbers of snapshotters. Particular attention is paid to the role of Kodak in Britain from 1885 as a manufacturer and retailer. A substantial body of newly discovered data is presented in a chronological narrative. In the absence of any substantive prior work this thesis adopts an empirical approach firmly rooted in the photographic periodicals and primary sources of the period. -
KODAK MILESTONES 1879 - Eastman Invented an Emulsion-Coating Machine Which Enabled Him to Mass- Produce Photographic Dry Plates
KODAK MILESTONES 1879 - Eastman invented an emulsion-coating machine which enabled him to mass- produce photographic dry plates. 1880 - Eastman began commercial production of dry plates in a rented loft of a building in Rochester, N.Y. 1881 - In January, Eastman and Henry A. Strong (a family friend and buggy-whip manufacturer) formed a partnership known as the Eastman Dry Plate Company. ♦ In September, Eastman quit his job as a bank clerk to devote his full time to the business. 1883 - The Eastman Dry Plate Company completed transfer of operations to a four- story building at what is now 343 State Street, Rochester, NY, the company's worldwide headquarters. 1884 - The business was changed from a partnership to a $200,000 corporation with 14 shareowners when the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company was formed. ♦ EASTMAN Negative Paper was introduced. ♦ Eastman and William H. Walker, an associate, invented a roll holder for negative papers. 1885 - EASTMAN American Film was introduced - the first transparent photographic "film" as we know it today. ♦ The company opened a wholesale office in London, England. 1886 - George Eastman became one of the first American industrialists to employ a full- time research scientist to aid in the commercialization of a flexible, transparent film base. 1888 - The name "Kodak" was born and the KODAK camera was placed on the market, with the slogan, "You press the button - we do the rest." This was the birth of snapshot photography, as millions of amateur picture-takers know it today. 1889 - The first commercial transparent roll film, perfected by Eastman and his research chemist, was put on the market. -
George Eastman Museum Annual Report 2020
George Eastman Museum Annual Report 2020 Exhibitions 2 Traveling Exhibitions 3 Film Series at the Dryden Theatre 4 Programs and Events 5 Publishing and Online Projects 7 Books 7 Digitized Films Online 7 Silver Voices 7 Videos 8 Mobile Tour 9 Engagement and Attendance Statistics 10 Education 11 The L. Jeffrey Selznick School of Film Preservation 11 Photographic Preservation & Collections Management 11 Photography Workshops 12 Loans 13 Object Loans 13 Film Screenings 14 Acquisitions 15 Gifts to the Collections 15 Photography 15 Moving Image 19 Technology 19 George Eastman Legacy 22 Richard and Ronay Menschel Library 22 Purchases for the Collections 22 Photography 22 Moving Image 23 Technology 23 George Eastman Legacy 23 Richard and Ronay Menschel Library 23 Conservation and Preservation 24 Conservation 24 Film Preservation 27 Capital Projects 28 Financial 29 Treasurer’s Report 29 Statement of Financial Position 30 Statement of Activities and Change in Net Assets 31 Fundraising 32 Members 32 Corporate Members 34 Annual Campaign 34 Designated Giving 35 Planned Giving 36 Trustees and Staff 37 Board of Trustees 37 George Eastman Museum Staff 38 George Eastman Museum, 900 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607 Exhibitions Exhibitions on view in the museum’s galleries and mansion during 2020. MAIN GALLERIES POTTER PERISTYLE MANSION Anderson & Low: Voyages and Discoveries Penelope Umbrico: Everyone’s Photos Any 100 Years Ago: George Eastman in 1920 Curated by Lisa Hostetler, curator in charge, License (532 of 1,190,505 Full Moons on Flickr) Curated by Jesse Peers, archivist, Department of Photography Curated by Lisa Hostetler, curator in charge, George Eastman Legacy Collection October 19, 2019–January 5, 2020 Department of Photography February 14, 2020–January 3, 2021 July 20, 2019–January 5, 2020 Bea Nettles: Harvest of Memory Made possible by Stephen B. -
Kodak and the Digital Revolution (A)
9-705-448 REV: NOVEMBER 2, 2005 GIOVANNI GAVETTI REBECCA HENDERSON SIMONA GIORGI Kodak and the Digital Revolution (A) In February 2003, Daniel A. Carp, Kodak’s CEO and chairman, reviewed 2002 sales data with Kodak’s senior executives. Film sales had dropped 5% from 2001 and revenues were down 3%. 2003 did not look any brighter: Carp expected revenues to grow only slightly and net income to remain flat or decrease (see exhibit 1 for information on Kodak’s financial performance and exhibits 2 and 3 for information on sales of cameras and film rolls in the United States). The film industry was “under pressure unlike ever before.” Carp predicted a “fairly long downturn”1 for traditional photography sales as consumers turned to digital cameras, which did not require film. Kodak was moving more of its manufacturing to China, where it could boost film sales, and was planning to slash 2,200 jobs, or 3% of its work force, especially in the photo-finishing business. Carp had received a master’s in business from MIT. He had begun his career at Kodak in 1970 as a statistical analyst. Since then, he had held a variety of positions at Kodak. In 1997, he became president and COO, and was appointed CEO on January 1, 2000. He believed Kodak’s current struggle was one of the toughest it had faced. How could he use digital imaging to revitalize Kodak? Kodak, 1880-1983: A brief history In 1880, George Eastman invented and patented a dry-plate formula and a machine for preparing large numbers of plates.