Xenophon's Anabasis Y Book VI.

Ea'ìfcdfm fke Use of Schooh, with Nolcs, Infrductiom, and Vocabulbry by

G. H. Nall, M.A. Assistant Master at Westminster School

London a Macmillan and Co., Limited

New York : Tbe Macmillan Company ' I 902 .. . A

...G. PREFACE.

THIS Volume, like my editions of Books III. and V. in the series, hm been prepared for eomewhatmore advanced students than those for whom the editions of Boob. I. and II. in the saries were intended. I have therefore provided it with B lengthy Intre j duction, reprintad .from my formereditions, mnch : of whichwould be unsuited for very young boys. I I haveendeavoured, at the erne time, to' make it a neeful book for comparative' beginners, by giving , a great deal of help in the. notes, and by a very full vbcabulary, which containe translations of many of the difficult phrases. I believe that the introductmy notes on the Amy, . .1 which are abundantly illustrated, will be interesting * and instructive to the youngeet boys : and that I g: i portions of the Life of Xenophon-selectedby the 7 Maeter-might be read with advantage by beginners. .msi "he section on the Works of Xenophon i~ of course intended for older bop. V vi PREFACE. PREFACE vii The text is Arnold Hug‘e, far the best text that editions of Vollbrecht and Rehdante. For the we poaaeea I have,however, altogether omitted . eketcheaof Military Manœuvres Í amresponsible, the word0 bracketed by him,and split up Hug‘s A but I have obtsined much help from Köchly and long paragraphs into ehort ones,less formidable to B;iistow’e t3rkhische Kldegsschriftsteller and Vollbrecht the beginner’s eye. The .Appendix contain0 a lid of mnd ILehdanta the more important variants, for the use of boys who 18 DEAN’SYARD, are likely to havein examination B different taxt, W~TY~TER,Junuavy, 1893. A full lie& of variante or B critical diecumionof them would have hen quite ’ out of place in such m edition In preparing the book I have consultedthe English editiona of Pretor, and OF Macmichael and Melhuieh : the German editiona of Poppo, Krüger, Kühner, Voll- brecht and Rehdantz:the recently publihed Eng- li& translation of Dakyna (to which is prefixeda moat inkmuting and eympathetic aketchof Xeno- phon’e life;‘ to thia I am largely indebted in the mction on the life of Xenophon) ; the geographical writinga of Ainsworth, Hamilton, Kinn& ; Eiepert’e MBsuel ofhoient Geography, Köchly and Riietow’a (2mchwh.. K&gsschr@&dh, Grote’e and Thirlwall’e Ristoriq Mddy‘e Greek Literature, Jevon’s Greek Literature, Rotherford’s Nm Pwhu, and many other worke, both Englieh and Clerman. OceaeionaI referenm e given to Mr. Rutherford’e Fwd && @&x (a‘ R. .Sp”),B new work wbioh ie rapidly making ite way into um among our echoole. The illuetratione of armour taken from the 1

.p’ CONTENTS.

.h”EODUUI’ION+ PMI

hALYEIS OF ANABASIS, - - I - - d L~EOF XENOPHON, - . . - - xv WOBKSOF XENOPHON,------‘xmi ‘ NOTEEON THE &WEE MEFLCENABIESOF CYRUS AND SOME MANIXWBIWOF THE AR~Y. - mv lvi 1Vi -.-l

11” 36 .-..71

-- ” 124 -- - 128 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Map-March of the l'en Thoumud Ureeke, - Fme si Formatiom and Manœuvre%, - - - - di-xliv Greek Arme, etc., ------xli~-liii WhomArming (from a Vane et Vienne), -\ WER^^ teking e Fsrewell Drink (from a Fane at Vienna), ------Soldier with Mnchsire or &pis (from a Verre et. . _. Neple~), ------Scythien Archer, ------Pelht? - . ------Throwing the Javelin (from e Vane in the Britiih -page 1 ... Mumum), - . - - - - - I Greek Homeman (Coin of Magneah), - - - Victory an a Prow, blowing the Sslpinx (Coin of DemetriusPoliorcetea), - - - - - Persian Soldier (from e Vsae at Neplee), - - PedSoldier with Spear and Akinskee, - - Pemim Deric, with figure of the King of Persia (Coinof Artexemen), - - - - - Persien Aroher (hm e Vane in the Britkh Muneam), ------3, 8 E3echrn Coin of Cyeicus (I(uftqv&),- - - PyrrhicDance, ------1- ...... Portreitof PhSmah, - - - - m poBe 34 1 ...

ANALYSIS OF THE ANABASIS.

THE work is divided in its present form into sevenbooks. Of these, the first only describes the ' Anabasis ' proper, i.e. the ' March up-country' against Bd)ylon. The sccond con- tains an account of the rnoven1ent.s of thc Creek arlny from the bottle of Cunaxa to the seizure of the generals : the third md fourth books continne the rctreut along the Tigris, ovcr the highlmds of Aummnis, to Trapems on the Euxine : the three lest books are devoted to the subsequent adveutnrcs of the army util itwu finally incorporlrtctl in the force, wllich the L&ccdaemonianswcre collecting against Tissnphcrnes. (Book l.) On thc cie:rtll of Durius Nothus (405 B.c.), Ar- taxerxes succecdctl to the throne : Lut his ljrother, Cyrus, diseppoilltcd of the succession, and indignant at the treatment he had suffered from him, conspired %g&& him. He secretly collected ib Iwgc native foroc of 100,000 n~cnold bodies Ijf Greek nlerccnarics wl~ichamoluntetl iu all to over 10,000 men, and marching through Asia Minor (401 KC.), crosscd tllc Euphrates at Thapsacus, and dvanced without oppoeition uponBabylon. Near here, at Cu,*he was suddenly attacked by the Persian army under the conmand of Arte- xerxea himself. The Greeks, 011 the right wing, were com- pletely victorious, but Cyrus, rashly exposing himself, was * The name is not given by Xenophon but comaa from Plutarch. xi ANALYSIS OF ANABABIS. xiii ,, d bxenua : e phof eotion wan mttled : negotiations with the tresoherons enemy were broken off: end the my, no dejected and diaorgmhd, but full of the spirit ed ddenceof their yonng perd, detarmine to cut a way for +mlvem back to Greece, or periah in the attempt. The rehit in continued : they cmsa the &pst&, fobwd md hemmad by Mithredetes, paca through the darted citien of krieas and Meepila, and edven~eup the east bank of the Tigrie till they confronted by the lofty mountain ehein of the cprduchi (KWdiah).. .. . (BoaL b.) After holding (L council of,A, the Ureh decide to continue their merah in a northerly direotion. They mtm the territory,of the Carduchi, for aeven dap fight aad through thi~inhospitable land, and then, oragahg the Centritea River in the face of the enemy, lret foot in Armenia. It waa now December, and the amy =-ona high md eapoaed tableland. Hmvy feile of mow delayed their .+pas: cold winde ,numbed them, and p~hi~~failed. & laat, efter WOES@ the aource~of the Tigrjs, and the Wh,they reached the Phnaia (kea),fought their way hghthe Chalyh, Teochi, and pheaiene, crossed the &ver Herpaaus, and, advencing through the territory of the &ytheni, dedthe town of Gymuiaa On the íIfth day hhare, they caught sight of the Enrine from the Buramit J-!Mount Theches. Paeeing on unmolested hugh the &pm, they entered colchie, end mon afterwar& reached (Trebhnd), a Greek town on the Eurine. Here hardeat part of their journey waa over : end they offered ad sdcea to Zeue the Preserver. Heraclea the , and other goda. (Feb.-March, 400 B.O.) v.) Wemryof marching, the Ureeks determined to @e the reat of their journey home by m, ‘like Odyesem’ of & Cheirieophur went to Bymtium to obtain kanePorts, ---l b0L he did not return, and proviaions grew amma: 80 eend- xiv INTRODUCTION. ing their women, their sick, and their baggage in U few ships, which they had collected, they marched themselvert by land to CGrSsus. Here they werereviewed, ancl still numbered 8600 hoplites. From Cerasus, they advanced through hostile territory to Cotyom, where they stayed forty-five days, living LIFE OF XENOPHON. by plundering the neighbouring tribes, since the inhabitants refused provisions. SUMMARY. (Book vi.) Sufficient ships were et last collected to convey na B. C. the army to Sinope. Hcre they were hospihbly received, ?al.Birth. 394. B. of Coronea Disciplc end friend of So- Life at Sparta. nnd here thcy met Cheirisophus, who returned with empty crates. ? 387. Bent as colonist to Scillun. hands and only a single triremc. After five days' rest, they 401. Joins Cyreian Expedition. ?WO.Driven from Soillus. proceedcd to Heraclea, ond thence to Calpe,where Cheiri- 399. End of Expedition. Retires to Corinth. In Asia with Thibron. Banishment withdrawn. sophusdied. From Calpe they marched through Bitllynia, Marriage.Banishment. 362. B. of Mentinea: death of plnntlering the country, to Chrysnpolis, opposite Byzantium, 396. Agesilaus in Asia. Gryllus. 394. %turns to Sparta with where they spent seven days in selling their booty. dgesilaus. (Book Mi.) Annxihius, theSpartan admiral, urged on by the satrap Phamabmus, who was eager to renmve the Greeka XENOPHOX was probably bon1 about the year 431 B.c.,* the from his province, now invitcd th army to Byzantium. first year of the Peloponnesian War. He was They accepted his promises of pay and crossed orer, but an Athenian of the deme or borough of Erchia, 7 691Birth. B.c. finding that they were again deceived, and were IIOW told to the son of Gryllus, and perhaps of IXodora. march to thc Throcian Chersoncse, where Cyniscus wouldfiud About the position of his family, his boyhood and his youth thcm pay, they forced en entrance into thc city, and were next to nothing is known. Tradition mys that hewas only restrained from plundering it by the influence of sufficiently ricl1 to serve as A knight in the Athenian army; Xenophnn,who felt that such an act wouldprovoke the he seems to have joined the Expedition of Cyrus in search indignation of all Greece. After some delay, they lent their of fame rather than wealth ; and in after life he had all the services to thc Thracian princc, Seuthm; but he too, after tastes of a counhy gentleman, the foundations of which were obtaining his ends, proved faithless, and neglected to provide probably laid in his boyhood. tellepromised pay or fulfil his magnificent promises to Xenophon. At last the army, now reduced to 6000 men, 'Stmho, followed by Diogenes Lmcrtius (Lifc of Rocmtcs) says that locrates saved thc life of Xenophon at the battle of Delium 414 n.c. Thin was engaged hy the Lacedaemonians to help in a war they would place Xonophon's bìrth before 440, so that hc would havc bccn 40 at hast when he joincd the expedition. Yct Xonophou throughout the wcre beginning against Tissaphernes : Xenophon led them to Anab. speaks of himself aa young [cf. ii. G. 16 20 30. iii. 1. 14. til. I. 45. Pergarnus in ,Mysia, and there handd over his command to iii. 2. 37' fii. 4. 42' iv. 1. B' iv. 2. 16' v. h. i. pli. 2. 311' ki 3. 461: Hence it ia probdde'that the ;tory ia a dere fabl; bamd on hestory of Thihron, the hccdacmonien comlnandcr,who incorporated the Rescue cf Alcibiades by Bocrates at Potidma ta30 B.c.] told in Plato, the troops with his other Greek forces. (March, 399.) 6#nkpoaivm. xv LIFE OF XENOPEON. xvii xvi INTRODUCTION. ”ter inspirea, and to meeeure the influence, whích he He must have been browht up dully, for he grew into B exerted upon the Yom$ and ardent pupil. Whether Xenophon played any part in public life before I* the year 401 we mottell. It wna a troubled at modeet and handsome boy;* we can fancy him riding hie time, The mponmmtm WU W= still raging f~a~~,d ho- and playing with hie doge, and perhap coureing heres between Ath- and Sparte. In 411 the Demo- Ml. on the slopes of Parna and Pentelicus and Hymettne, in the orwy St Athe.n~had been overthrown, and the extreme olig htervab between the incurbof the Peloponne& des, party hed aekd the reim of government, eshbliah- till 413 B.c., when the Spartene occupied Deceleiepe-erit- ing the OonnaU of the Pour Hundred :abr four month mother ly, and made all expeditione far from the walh of Athene revolution had given the power to the oppoaita faction, and the -W. We may thhk of him na enjoying the ordinary old Democracy had been reetored in (L dightly modi6ed form, educetion of the young Athenian of that day in ?*m, taefmwJisebeingreatrictedtoPloeThonmadcitiEems. In rwwh and yvpamdl, wending his way to school and joining 404 the Pdoponnwim Wer w&8 ended with the aptme of in the &oms, or going through the exercieee of the +h Athem by Lyamder, and at the dichticm of the conquerors a and #um with him compqiona. At thia time too he committee of Thirty W(LBappointed ta drew up B new consti- would learn to love the poeta, the iduence ofwhom in m htion. Thim body, Boon branded with everlasting infamy marked in his later writings : and aa he grew older he would under thetitle of The Thlrtg headed by (;‘ritias and attend the lectnree of the Sophieta and imbibe the elemerita mpported by a Spart-sn gamkm under Callibiue, eahbliehed of philosophy. I) re@ of terror, murdering and -the noblest of their ~ ~~ One day, it in mid,+ Socrata met him in a mmmy, and opponents, and compelling-all waverim idneutrele to com- berring hie peseage with hie stick, eeked him prank themaelves by sharing in their atrociow deed& Such where thin hicle or that article codd be prooeediq moon made their position untenable : they were bought: ta each queetion the boy returned a dynumer. datested at Munychie by e force under Thresybulaa, and “But where,” mid the philompher, “are gocd and noble Cri- wae alein. The power then fell into the hands of the men, zahl rr¿yal?d, to be found?’ The boy heaitaeted. læ violent oligerchs, who depoaed the Thirty and eetablinhed “ Follow me, then,” mid SOC~~~E,I‘ and learn.’’ a- aonmll of Ten to mge the sffeim of the city. The Thw he became the disciple of Socrate% : and the next ten -E were called in ta aettle theae troubles : and by the or enyears of his Iiie were apent in intimate communion *ence of their King Pau& the Athenian Demo- with him. The mernoriab of th% most int8reEting period are *It#tOreailim. preserved in the “ Memorabilh,” which, though written long that Xenophon had in some way compromieed after, in clearly besed on note%taken at the time. It is my e oligarchical pmty during these xenophon’r to understand the deep reverence and effection, which the ,&bleu A public carear mems to have been lor diplea to him at home, for in 401 we find liim mtd? *al134puvK& elcrMaraws €15 bmp~ohjv,-es hartla f worptine m invitation from hie friend ~X-UEto join Cyrue tDW-3a-a 1 B I .e,,,; - .. . -F- 2- 3 1. LIFE XENOPHON. xviii INTRODUCTION. OF xix pmralship, WBB disappoiuted, whei the god bade him refuae in A&. ‘,‘Come to me,” Proxenue hdwritten, ‘I and I will It : hh hopw of a quiet old age of litermy leisure were rudely introduce you to Cyrus, whom I codmider to be worth more luhptad, when he wma driven from his home et 8cilIus by then my fetherhd to me.”+ Socrates, ff3ering th8t no good the *pa of Elis : md ell through his writings we wem to could come from e friendship with Gpm, the arch-enemy of mtah the undertone of the disappointed mm, who feels only Athens, advieed Xenophon to consult the Oracle at Delphi bo deeply the truth of his own words, ‘I Those who refused whether to or not. But Xenophon’s mind wes cleerly go to lktm to the werning of Socrates lived to repent of their deup : ineteed of asking whether it was better to p or to tJkdfmy. ” stay, he ded which of the gods he must pray end do ‘to !l‘he story of this expedition is given in the AmDaeie. that he might beat accomplish intended journey secrifice, eo his CurioaiQ, vegne ambition, eagernew for action, 101398 bC. end return in dety with fortune.’ He received his good pclrhape even e deaire to teat the poseibilitiea of The m- answer, returned to Athens, end met with e merited rebuke rport in an unknown but famous land, with ita from for thus neglecting his dvice. But the philo- sooretee noble rivera end vest hunting preserves (rapd8etuor),possibly sopher withdrew his opposition, eeeing thet xenophon’s a deeh for change after hard litererg work (for it W~IIIS purpose WBB fixed. end in the spring of this year Xenophon pmbble that in the ht few years Xenophon had helped to joined his friend Proxenus et hrdia ppbliah Thucydidea’ History of the early pert of the Pelopon- he the greet step m,the Thus took first false in his con- mian wer, end had written the httwo books of his own sequences of which were to make him fmous, A Ialw Et0D Rallsniea, concluding the story of the wer), had induced him and itm con- but to embitter the whole of his latter life. te ljoin what he,common with the others, regarded es 8 ßW- P8triOtkm WBB to the Greek a very real feeling; mare eqmdition against e tribe of mountain robbers;* e real but from this time forwerd Xenophon became an exile from dktion for C~US,the glamour of his mgue but magniilcent hie native city: he threwhimself into the arms of his country’s promisee,--estmpiee end crowns, horses md carriages, fields, deadlieat foea, and 8 legitimate career wes clod to him at figea and cities,-the greet intereat of the problems pre. home. Regret bred remom, and remom bittarnem : like his mtad by this atrange Pereian Empire, many reBBOns prevented meeter, Socrates, he had never loved the Democrecy : hence- blm turning back when he had once put his hmd to the forwwd he looked upon Athens with dislike ; upon Spwta- plough. And BO without any delibenata design, by the mere blind to all her failings-with exaggerated affection. The ionre af circumstances, he found himself suddenly transformed, mouth. feireat fruite now eeemed to crumble to dust in his h$’ %e murder of the gemerale, into e Merof men. Hitherto The cam& under Cyrus which had promised BO much, I left b!hnd held no oBìoial position in the mmy : he had brought him little better off than when he swd, at one time, end, m, troops with him from Greece end had received no commend. threatened to reetore him to Gmstripped of his ht p- &w, in the hour of peril, the master-mind WBLI recognized : seseions : hie embition, which had seemed on the point of hc”beeemethe guiding spirit in one of the moat fmoue feats gratification, when at Harmene the srmy offered him the eole -. xx INTRODUCTION. LITE OF XENOPHON. XXi of ancient arme. Thet he WBB succesefal* must be dbfd to marriage Xenophon had two ems, GI-J~~UEand Diodorne, who

~~ ~ hisnative Attic ability end Sacratio to hie pwup into famous men, and were known aa The Dioeeuri, D nuoowafal trsining. “To Athens he owed that happy “The Great W Brethren.” In this period ~-t oombination of elquace end coddence with ’ tao fah, most probably, the decree of banish- Proboblo mldier-like murce and bravery, which hie+ countrymm I mant which ww pawed igsinst him. Both the regarded m the mtdoutcome their democratic inetitn- o.- of date and the prech cause of thie sentence are nncertsin: tiom. TO Elocrata may be traced thoie ruling qualities of hrtius ascribes it vaguely to his lrLeconiml”and sympathy and humau-heartedness, and thet readinem to take hin friendship with CJTUE; Dio Chrymtom (100 AD.) end the lion’s share of fatigue and danger, which won him the hd(180 A.D. ) to hie expedition with m. It 88~- obedience and effection of the mldim.”l. desr that about thie time the Athenian~were endeavouring After handing over the remnent of the Ten Thousand to to improve their relatione with their old fw, the P-g ma aa Thibron in the epring of 399, Xenophon mey ahilet the Spartans were beginning to cherish aggreseive Mmmt have reetad Greece and poeaialy Athena. But rahemee against them ; a sign of this waa the Spartan force there wan little to attraot him there. In May of under Thibron, into which the remaine of the Ten “houeend -tea this year Baaretee drank the fahl hemlock; and hsd ‘benlieted, which had been despatched to A& to to one who had during the paat year wed to &ankt the Ionian cities againat Persia. . Xenophon may have identify himself 80 thoroughly with the hterd~of Sparta, been dficed to gratify Artaxerxee. all politid hopes were cld at home. Before the end of the The effect of this ssntence was to throw Xenophon more year it is clear from his writings (Admko iii. and iv.) that -tely into the bends of the Spartans and -BC. he wm back egein in Asie, where, tiU 3Q4, he served with to place him in a more fahe poaition then ever. se&. the Spsrtan troop and hie late comrsdea againet the .In 396 @ilaus, the leme but lion-hearted Ism. Peraiana .BpSrten king, came to Asie with ~infonwnemtE,ta conduct h or about the year 399 hic4 marriege musf be phd. of .a vigoroue’ offensive campaign againet Pd,upon the ab hin wife we know nothing excapt hernsme ibat the P& wem preHg a fleet in Phoenicia for a a m-wam Phile&: but we may not nnreammbly con- dsscemt upon Grm. A close friendship eprang up betwean jecture taet &e WBB ‘&the prototype of meone or other of bhe two men. Ae one who had penetrated into the very heart those delightfd women worthy of Zeuxis and Euripides, ,of the PeraimEmph, had “beaten the king at hie own gab, whom Xenaphon hae depiotd ” in hie writings, espeoidly laughed to acorn,’* Xenophon wouldSympathIse with 1,d him in lire Emnonust, ‘‘that idyll of married life.”$ By thin ;the deeigne of Ageailam: aa an old cavalry officer he may ‘1- #me helped to organise that body ‘of horae, which the new * For diaouadon d ~tw~irleeaof Xemophm’s de~ptiollO! him. .perdraised for the campaign of 396. The friendnhip lasted, df,seepsee- in 394, when Sparta WBB medby tbe coalition of tJhkpnsnfterßmt8 ‘.h t- Amb. 11. 4. 4. . .. - l-

LIFE XENOPHON. iii xxii INTRODUCTION. ’ OF xx wcnnén, shared in the festival The goddess herself provided theThebene endAtheniane,andA~~uswasrecalledtoGreeca, - - for the banqueters meat and loavea and wbie and sweetmeate, we 6nd Xenophon acoompanying him (v. 3. 6). a with portions of the victims meedfrom the sacred pesture, mturnoalth That he wam present at the greatBattle of M elso of those which were alain in the cham ; for Xeno- to Cocoma (394) when Ageaileue completely de- m phon’s own lade, and the lads of the other citizena, always Ihmfeatad the Ath-, ia certaiu from hb vivid made L hunting excuraion against the featal day, in which any deacription of the battle : ind Plutarch amerta that he grown man who liked might join. The game WBB captured actdy fought on the Sperten aide. The next few yeam pertly from the sacred district it& partly from Mount meta to have been apent at Sparta with his friend, and it is 1 Pholoti-pigs and gezellea end !tep. The place lies on the probable that he accompanied him on several of hie oempaigm. direct from Lecedaemon to Olympia, abont twenty At the suggeation Agesilaus he aent for hie and d of children, furlong from the temple of Zeus in Olympia, and within the probably h5 wife, who had stayed behind in hie, end had lscred enclom there is meadowlend and wood-covere4 hills, them educated in the Spartan faehion, which he eo greatly admired. ruited to the breeding of pig and goats and cattle and horaea, Y) that even the animals of the pilgrims paaaing to the About 887, in reward for hin sarvicee, he waa 1889. f& fare sumptuously. The shrine is girdled by a grove of eent BB a coloniat to Scillus, in Elis, and pre- an Ea- dtivated treea, yielding deesert fruita in their setwon. The trwatsunaented with a house and farm. temple iteelf is a facaimileon a amall acale of the peat temple Hither came Mqpbyzus, the priest of htemis the of et Ephesus, and the image of the goddeae in like the golden Epheniana. on his way to Olympie to attand the rbtne at Epheaua, save only that it in made, not of gold, pes, and restored to Xenophon a depait p.! but of cypress wood.Beaide the temple stands a column which had been left with him, a portion of the tithe of their beering thia inecription :-“ This place is -red to Actamis. apoils dedicated by the Ten Thouaand to Apollo and Artamis He whoholds it and enjoys the fruita of it ia bound to and divided among thegenerh. “Xenophon toak the dceyearly a tithe of the produce. And from the residue money and bought for the pidese a plot of ground at e point thereof to keep inrepair the shrine. If any man fail in indicated to him’by the oreole. The plot, it 80 happened, aught of thin, the Qoddeaaheraelf will look to it that the hed ita own S8hus river flowing through it, just BB at mattar will not sleep.”” Epheaua the river Selinne flows paat the temple of Artamb. . Scillus still one of the moat beautiful spote in the end in both streama &h and muesele are to be found. On ia pelopopnese. Here in the eociety of those he at the eatate at Scillus there in hunting end ehooting of all the li~, bed best, surrounded by his horses and hie Bdlhk beaata of the chase that are. Here with the =red money he doge, he spent the next fiftem ‘or twenw years ofhin life, built an alter end a temple, and ever after, year by year, “hunting and entertaining his friends, andwriting his tithed the finite of the laud in their 8888011 and did dae hiatoriea.”t Hia nearness to Olympia enabled him to keep to the goddeaa, while all the cihna and neighbours, men.kd

...... *Amab. v:S, 8, D&& tmnalstion. t Diqpuea Laertiua I PlutUroh. r;’

xxiv LNTBODUCTION. LIFE OF XENOPHON. RV

in touch with the literary world, and during thie period a Qhting bravely,” he replaced it on hie.hed, shedding m very large, if notthe larger, part of his work wna com- taers, but simply eayiug, “ I knew that mg son waa mortal.” Pod. Xenophun lived B few yeam longer, engaged in his literary Thi~ideal life ww rudely interrupted by an attmk of the work. Tha latest paeeege in hie writing^ to 9870. Elam. When and why it wes made b un- which B probable dete can be fined waa penned in mtb. mm from certain : but it ie not improbsble that after the 866, The ymr efter he died at Corinth, at the ripe age of BoU~ diseetroua defeet of the Spertam at Lenotra mv€iu*five.* (371), the El-eeized the firet opportunity to erpel the Hir biographer, Diogenes hrtiue, thne sume up hi6 oher- Spartsn colony hmScillua &er: “He WLLB a good man : fond of ho- and of huuting: The family eventually retired to CoMth, where Xeno- ked in the art of war, &B his writings prove : pious and phon qat the remaining yemm of his life; liberel to the god^ : skilled in divination : B dieciple and Oorlnth. Here his literary work WBB completed, and here imitmtor of kcrates.’Y in dl probability hedied. In 389 an ellienae WBB formed between the Spartam and the Atheniens e-t the Thebens, and the two mu of Xenophon, now young men ebout thkty yeare of age, had an opportuni@ of serving on the Athemien ide. About the aame time the decree of beniah- wtment ageinet Xenophon wna recalled : but he w”mm to have continued to live at Co+th, cm- nidering it probably the quieted place in Geece for a hht during them troubled tirnea. He may often have vhited Athen~, “the glitterof whom templee wlyl visible from the lofty Acropolie of Corinth and whom streeta and ~U-S were- deer to him,”* but th& ie no reeeon to believe that he ever again deit hie home. One event only remaina to be chronicled in thew leet yemu 9s9. In 362 hie son Gryllu~wlyl killed in B ~evelrp mrthofhir &irmiah B day or two before the bsttle of Mantinea Xenuphoq sep his biographer,tms offering secrifice with the chaplet upon hie brow when the news WBB brought to him that hie 8on had fallen. HEpaused and removed the chaplet: but when the mewnger added I THE WORKS OF XENOPHON. xxvii

to Xenophon. Yet at the beginning of the ‘third book bf the EdLmko he EB~E: “NOW,how C~Ecollected hie ermy and mnrched inlend with it egaiust his brother, and how the. bettle WM fought, and how he was slain,ad how after this THE WORKS OF XENOPHON. tbe Clreeks ded the me in dety, Bq.uo~oyhre~ Evpa~~~ly$ypanuf.’’ Bornemmn traneletee geuteaTh=+- &ab XENOPHON’Bworks have probably come down to us complete : thim cha~ writ& for ~hemistogenea,’i.e., the list given by Diogenee Leertius correspondu with our list, ~14thfor his use, or dedicated to him; but by hostuniversel which, indeed, conhim every work ascribed to Xmophm by ament the natural way of taking the words is “has been ancient writers. Clas~ihdaccording to subject-matter they mitten h’Themietogenea the syracu~en,’~EO that we are fall naturally @to four divisions. bmnght fece to face with a very real difliculty. The Ana8adn, in 7 booka The fist queation is whether Xenophon is referring to his Hiahricd The Hellenica, in 7 books. own work or to another Adasis. The latter is, on the whole, i The A~~EUBIW,in 1 book. the moet probable explanation. It presenta few& diflicultiee: !Che Oympadla, in B books. Themistogena’ existence Beeme eetabliahed by a quotation The Hiero, in 1 book. hmHeaychiue in Suidse : Y~E~~BIIUEBymtinue eeeerte that +th Themintogenesand Sopheenetu,a member of the expedi- tion, wrote eccounta of the Anabuaie : and, laatly, contempormy nhe Athenian Conetìtution,in 1 book.]. etem like Iaocratee, though often referring to the retreat, On mwnuee, in 1 book. never mention Xenophbn among ita leaders, which wem~to The Memorabilia, in 4 boob. prove that they had read histories of it from other hande. [The Apology of Soemtee, in 1 book.]’ which ascribed to Xenophon an unimportsnt part. Socratic Works. The &oonomta, in 1 book. Xenophon’s worde, however, exactly demxibe the character The Sympodnm, in 1 book. d hi^ Anabasis, and moet echolm believe that he ie referring l On H-, in 1 hook. to it. Why. then, should he sscribe it to Themistogenes? Technieal Tracta. The Uavalr~aener%2, in 1 bk. &.veral erplenatiom are offered. He may have thought, as { The Sporteman, in 1 book. Plutsrch SU~~W~S,that the story of his own exploita would be more readily believed, if published under another’s name. The describes the expedition of Cyrus and the Political motives, or mere modesty, othere consider his rea- NUI& retreat of the Greek Auxihries, 401-399 B.C. cum; and we how that Ariatophanes published comedies Anth- The work is anonymous, but ita etyle ie und- mder the names Cdistratue and Philonides, chorodi- takable, and the unanimous voice of antiquity has aacribed it of his hli. It is pomible, akin, though hardly probable, that Wdawhich have come down to 11s under the name of xenophW4 Themidogena wee the naine of a reel mmwho edited the work though not written by him. for Xenophdn. And, lastly, the very ingeniou theory must le xxvi ,xxviii IN!I!EODUCl'ION. THE WORKS OF XENOPHON. air mentioaed, that there WM m earlier end shorter Amdoeis by throw. "Alexander the Greet would not have bedome grest Themistogenea, which Xenophon re-edited end re-pubwed in but for Xenophon " [Empius, 380 AD.^ To ne, M Mehaffy reply to criticiems upon hie conduct, ineerting p888agea wbich wed pointa out, the concluding books, which deecribe the glorified himself and EUP~IWE~~unfevoureble onea. fortuma of the army after reeching Trepezu~,"have perhap With thi~question is cloeely con114that of the credi- the moat intereating and valnsble lesecms. Here we obtain bility of the narrative. Th- who wieh to aast our only clear and detailed eeeomt of the doingm of e merc- -mw' doubt upon it point ont that "the author without force when not engeged in an sotus1 campeign-of the acourge fear of contradiction, seeing that dl the mein actors were now m which eache force WM to all the ~urronndingcountry, and how dead or ~&ttmed,could wume an importenae quite beyond they were jumt &E likely ta plunder e c)reek 8~ a thatwarrantad by the reel facta. He is the coal of the retreat : netbent. At the same time, we me among them that strong he ie never mmg: he always thinks of the right thing, end ays neme of arternel religion, that dependence on dresms and the UE the.right word. It E- extraordinary that were his echieve- omens, that femr of ange.r of the ph,which ~trilree all ments quel to his description of them, he should not have been through hophon's writi~~gmM 8 drOng COntraSt to the hper recognised M one of the Pte& generah of the ege."* of Thncydidee. There 8re h many curione detsileabout This critickm scercely desconviction. A careful etudy the menand cumtom of the eavege tribea living along of Xenophon's cherecter, BB uncomciously revealed in his own the Eurine, M well ee of the court of Sentheal end of the writings, and m impsrtial examination of the Anabasis ihlf maial condition of hin kingdom'' will confirm the truth of hin story. The deda of Xenophon The digresmion ehtscillus (book v.) provea that. thie pert are told in an eseentidymodeet and stmightforwerdmer: of the AnaM waa written &r Xenophon had bots h from glorifying hie own exploite, he pointe out in more lived there for Borne while ;the language, indeed, then one place hie own mimtakea : he reveels eg8in end 8gah had impliea that thi~reaidence wes a thiuR of the paat. ' Hence it probable that the work completed at Cokth his own deficiencies : end he &OWE how the opportunity of ie wee meking e merk the world WM given him, when et Hermend between 370 and 366 B.C. the army offered him the sole generelahip, and how his 'ïme- "he Hauenloa continues the hiatory of Greece from 411 B.O., eolntion waa fetal to bis ~uccesa If my work hr~on ihlf where Thucydides had broken off, to 362, the the stamp of truth, that work ie the Adasis. Xenophon yeer of the Battle of Mentinee. It is dis6gured Eenentaa by fsnlb. in undoubtedly 'RBB not e su&iently able men to impose on the lamed world meny The hmixudm Xenophon'e by e mSeterpiece of literary fraud. mtwterpiwe. The epieode is in iteelf full of intareat, and EO simple that it mkea no demnnd endhabanh The story of the Ten Thonesnd lvouBBd the enthusiesm of -I Greece; it &owed the inherent weakness of qon the higher powere of e hieto- The -pm , Zmporturoa the'pemien Empire ; it suggeeted the possibility tde is told in e clear, mauly and etrsight- m etyle, M rule, though The of invading it ; it prepared the wey for ita eubsequent over- ... . forward mfd, a 'unadorned.

. writer cerriee UE forward from stage to stage without web- + e + MahaiIy. nea~and without andue hte: in few graphic wo& he ai . xxx INTRODUCTION. THE WORKS OF XENOPHON. xxxi recalls the ~eein the camp or on the merch ; now and formation, and is written in a stilted and affected style. again he pa- to demibe EO=military incident of unuad If it is genuine, it ie probably one of the leteat of his intereet, or to introduce m mto (L muncil of the generels or writing. the troops, that we mey hear from their own lips the M- The remaining works of Xenophon must be dealt with cultiea end perplexitie!! which beset them, or to sketch, with more briefly. The troubled state of Greece during the lest e few masterly touchea, the character of one of the aCtOm, helf century had given an impetua to political speculation. that we myfeel the ~trongparnonality of each leading hero pbto hes described en idd Republic, wing Socrata ee the in the drame, may reeliee the red hnman intareet of the etory. mouthpiece of hie viewe. Xenophon wa~by nature and train- In this artleam nerrntive end enay didogue Xenophon is ing e8e8ntidly an eristmcmt and hero-worshipper; dl through elmaet without e rid; Herodotue done eurpeeses him. He life we find him dominated bysome superior was e very keen observer both of men end of mllnky : his mina-by e Sacratea, by e QTW,by an Agemi- Omm- deecriptione of the gener& neem perfect in the Anabasis, Lw. And EO we we not ~urprisedto find that his idee1 more perfect when cornpared with hie 8tbpb in the @m- ebb is an abeolute hereditary monarchy, ruled by an sedces own ease pacdim. Like EO many men with an eye for deteil he had little enlightened' und beneficent tyrant, who his oonetructive power, and the ideelieed Cym end the other and pleasure for the hap pine%^ of the people. 'l'hie idd imaginary chmwtern of the Cryropoedia ere unreel: their Ctete is described under the formof a life of CY~USthe Great. So numerous ere the legends about the founder of virtuen are heroic, their via infra-humen. The mueqditiee I ere found in the Helleaioe, the mesimple and graceful etyle, the Persien Empire that it ie impwible to sift fact from the enme vivid .deamiPtion, the mehumm intarest ; but he ficticm : &E history the Cyropaedia ie worthlean, but &E the hea here to deal with e very different subject. He display earliest specimen of e historical romence, e romance too containing e veritable he-story, it ieof greet intereet. The little power of edeqnately grmphg 8 complex dea of eventa, i of grouping them and showing their interdependence, of m,in the form of e didogue between Hiero, giving each ita due predominauce : he lach critiml judgment, tyrant of Spcuee, andthe poet Simonidea, mm. and-whet is of even gre8ter importence-he hks the mod &O- theother mide of the question: it describes the power of EUbOrdintbthg hie Own prejudice!! to the inke~taof rplendourn and mieeriea of the despot. The trect on the historim1 truth. Hia eymp8thies were in favour of S@; wmmonian ~onntm~tionglorifies the pulier on the ~aee- he admired end believed in A~&~us;he dialiked Athem iditutiom poplllerly ascribed to Lycurgue, daamontan and overlooked the rining power of Thebee: and EO hm mdgiven 8 etriking picture of the f8mOUE Stete ducation idselised by Plat9 in hin Republic. mua! of history of Greece during 50 eventful yeam M little better AthOM. then e pmty pamphlet, desdy enunged endutterly %'he work on the Bevenuen of Athens reminde UIltrUStWOrth~. un uf Mme modern emidistic speculations : it ehowe how The ' Ageßil8uo ' ie en ehendix to thene historical worke, by cddyfostering the 8th resourcee, pureuhg a peCi6c mnilan~ intended to jut& the exaggerated estimate of policy, encouraging tMe and the settlement of foreign mer- the King given in the HdZenim. It adds little fresh in- htn et Athene, it would be psible to eecue EO large E . , -, . ... -

INTRODUCTION. TEE WORgsl OF XENOPEON. XXXiii

EUI-~~USthat three obols a day might be paid to evev little pr~gree~the Greeks had made in ecientific werfwe : citizen, rich and poor, ad miaery end wmt would dis- the evolutiom degcribed are eimple in the 8PF- extreme. The treathe on the. Horse b more OemamJ, The 8ouaUc Worlm we of the deepest intereat, for they thorough : it gives careful directions for their .mmHorse, m- give mother view of thet remarkable @m whom “Phto trainin& and their riding, recommending always trenefigured end Aristophmm tduced.”* We have seem how kin&-, not roughneaa : it deecrib in detail the ‘ommental completely Xenophon in hie youth WBB brought under the Loreemenahip,’ the proper prancing and @g, which w.w influence of the philasopher: the Mem01abi2lr cultivated at Athene for the State proceesiom, B repremta- is a phin record of his convem&on with vmioua tim of which han been pmatmed for us in the Phenon Athenians, at Mme of which Xenophon wm frieze. The Eportemprr treats of the breeding end training prewnt himeelf, Ilorne he reports at aeeond hand. It is of dogs, of nete and wea, and of hunting, egpecielly for the intended to justify the chsrsder of .btW a@& the here. It ww B sport in which we have seen he took an f&e opinions mt8t the time. The SppodQ4 or enthnsieetic delight. muet,in e dialogne in the pletonic stple, &owing Eloclatee Xenophon he^ always held a distinguiehed position in the in Wiety M “the king of d good talkers,” The W , field of literature. He WBB admirsd by his oon- maonm a is B dialogne on the -at of the hodold and tamporeries. imitated by his mcceawrs : from the thefmn. It is full of the most chsrming pict-of Ramene, eqecially from Cicero, he received the moat un- domestic life. In th- writings we have B far more feithful qualified prsise:end the adverse criticinms of modern portreit of the rdSoemtea then in the femoae dim lo^ echolare have done little to Shake his ppularity. It is eesy of Plato: we heve him drawn M he would appeer to the to understand this. He appeals to the imsgination as a mau ordinary Athmim, en ugly old men with wonderful powere of action aa well ee -of letters : hia subjects me intereeting : of convereation and dl sorte of curioue ideas, some hie language eaay and grsceful. But when we measure him end Borne right, about everg sort of aubjed; an -at by a higher shdard: when we consider how little he metered thoughtful men who won the dfeotions of his pupila. Tbis the divine philosophy of Socmtee, how little he realized the is W far M Xenophon could go. He auld eeise upon the greatness end the weeknees of Athens end Sparte and Thebea, petty detaile of life end converdion, but he could not cetoh how little he grasped the politidand social problerne which the iddníde cd 8 cheracter. Xenophon ie the photographer. were struggling for expreeaion in J& day, then we find him pleb the tutist on whose QB~VM the mm lives glodìed lamentably deficient. He is a vivid end aympathetic writer, for ever. but he lacke power and genius. We have .wen thia in his The list of Xenophon’sWritingE is completed by three practice1 life, end we EBB it even more in his writings. teohnical tracte, dealing with eubjech in which he took the His style is m a rule simple and graceful, but it is in perte gremteat intereat. That on the Ca- I shorn how very unequal. Setting aside such work, as the Aga,which is composed upon the model of 3tyle. the fashionable rhetoricha of the day, euch as Isocratee, his O x:uriv INTRODUCTION. beet writinge, e.g. the Anab~ia,the Hellenico, the QrOpaed;a, end the Hemwmbih are, when dcdy examined, full of faulte : hie aimplicity donelly degenereb into beldnese : his grammatical constructions en, often laose and faulty. NOTES ON 8ocretea wee no maeter of form, and Xenophon’e literery training menu to have bean far from perfect. Bis language !&E GREEK NERCENARIES OF CYRUS, tao ie not pure Attic. “He admits Ionic, Donc, and poetical words, and mea m irregulsr a vocabulary thet each work AND SOME MBN(EUVRE8 OF THE ARMY. abounds in ha€wpm, not only na regards himself but m mthe good Attic authors of hie dsya” * AT the close of the Peloponneaian War, in which for 28 yeera At this time there were b Greece eeverd dimtinct popular @.c, 481-404) hoetell the Stahof Greece hed.beenarrayed diel&, and elso aeveral dietinct ,literary dielech, and at in arma againat one another, under the leaderahip of Splrrb Athew there were even two distinct literery dielects, “ the and Athens, hge numbere of men were thrown out of em- meturd Attic of the dey kncwn to un from Comedy and the ployment ; hed been spoilt bythe free and adventurous Orators, end the partidy devdoped Ionic Attic of more than life of the soldier, mme hnd been banished or found it a century earlier, which is the basis of the lenguage of impoanible for politid -E to return to their ho,mes, Tragedy.” f An educetad Ath+ constantly mixing with dem, like the poor but hardy Arcadian mo~ntejneers,were other educated citizens wdd a~ilypees from one dialet dway ready to eeek a living among strangers. Hence Cyrus ta the other, but if B mau were =prated for a few WE fcmdlittle diflicnlty in mllecthg a force of over 10,oOO from Athem, end mingled with Greeks Ming other didech, Qr&akmercenaries.* thepurity and precision of hie Attic became neceemdy The method of enhtment ie deacribed by Xenophon in the impaired. I‘ It ie in no way strenge,” E~YSHebdius, B first chapter of hie Ana%ß. Firet, Gym- grammerim of the first .century, “timt a mea spending hin ordered the commanders of garrieons in his mt. life in campa und among foreigners should bee mmewht of æitrepy to collect picked Peloponneeien tmope; may, his native +.”T Many of the non-Attic lonun used by he welcomed ta hie court political fugitivea from such citiea Xenophon have been removed from our texts by eerly editore, M Miletna and formed them into an army; thirdly, he invited such BB bap+ (Attic &p+), *S (Attic Fus), but msny etill Win Greek of6cer8, whom he knew. by promisee of pay remein; thw occurring in this book of the Anabesis &re md employment, to mise tmops for him under various pm collected in the Index under the heading Style.’ F cleerchua, for instance, collected an army in the Frech Chernonese, under cover of protecting the Hellenic ‘-Y ‘-Y t Rutherford. Ii6w Phynichmb

xxxv ,. .. I T- mvi INTRODUCTION. THE GREEKMERCENARIES OF CYRUS. uxvii citiea against the Thraci8n tribes ; Ariatippus raised 8 force Thie is the pay that Cyru~ht offered : afterwarde he raised in Thedy, nom.in8lly against his political advereariee. it to l&derice per month. A Aoxay¿s receiveddouble, a The actual work of &bent WBE carried on by eubordin- u~prqydsfour thee a~ much, with aped dlowencea and ate officere, captains, Xcqayol, each ofwhom, apparently', mde. The light infantry would receive a emaller amount. undertook to gather a company, X6xos. Th- would netdly Benidea this pay Cpme promieed ta each soldier 5 eilver minae come from the =me district, end EO the members of each com- (about f20) when they reached Babylon, end their pyin full pany would be united by a much needed bond of uaion; The till they returned dely to Iopia. wmp8niea wem to have differed much in quality : some wn- On thi~expedition all the booty and priaoners which were Sisted of picked men; in others boye, and even men of not sold or exchanged immediately for pro. etc. non-Hellenic birth were to be found. The greeter number of vinio~became common property (d rotubu). Booty. troope were drawn from the mountains of Arcadia and Achh, Thie property WBB canverted into money on every suitable in the Peloponnese; butThrme furniehed excellent light occasion, and from this fund all the current expensee of the infantry, Crete end Rhodes the beet erchers end slingem, end &y were paid. At the conclusion of the campaign a tithe almost every stete of Greece wna repreaented in the army. WBB eat mide for the gods, and the remainder divided among byof the generels end captaina were wealthy end well- the officere end aoldiers. The tithe for the goda WBE shared mumaw born men, who advenced their own money to nmong the generala, who epent it on euch religious servicea &B to -t equip their troope; md probblyXenophon WBB they thought fit.+ not the only volunteer attached unofficidy to the et&.* With euch men love of adventure, desire for distinction, the Diucipline in the Greek army, eapecislly after the death of fame of Q~ldgenerosity, would be more powerful indnce- Cyru, reated entirely on the individual auence menta then py; and d expected that the experlition was a of the officers snd the right feeling of the men. maune- mere mid ageinst the freebooting Piaidiam. But money WBE an air of badom and independence about the deal. certainly the motive with other gene&, such na Mencm, cmd There ia with the common eoldiere, who hoped to return home after a hp of the Greek moldier with his superiors that co11t~8Eb onriouely with the peat gap that ha~hitherto aepsrated our short campeign with their packeta full. private from hie oficer. A m of strong pemnality, like The Greek soldier had to provide everything for himeelf : charchus, feared and respected by all, might ply hie stick on clothea and armour he brought with him, food .. . PW. he bought -if he could not obtain it by foraging the becks of lazy rnembere of hie own battalion. but if he '. ventured to flog one ofMenon's soldiere, would &d himself -from the merchanta, genmlly LydU, who followed the . _...pelted by the eggrieved mm'e comrades, end might have to army. The unml pay for a Greek h0pLít.e WBB 2 obole per ?-v.? fly for hie life to the protection of his own trOOpE.'f Even a day and 2 obole for food, i.e. 4 obole per day, or per month ,- '. .ppuler officer euch &E Xenophon, when leading his men to 120 obole, i.e. 20 drachmee, i.e. 1 &c, about 20 ehillinga. ab "&p.* ..

.I xxxviii INTRODUCTION. THE GREEKMERCENARIES OF CYRUS. xxxix the charge, may find his orders m~wdby the rude taunts two Evopo~hr*of 25 men each; the officers of these werecalled of e Sotaridae.' On the whole, however, the discipline of the WE~KOUT+S and ivwpoT¿pXar, corresponding roughly with army =ems to have been mlygood. During the terrible oar subalterns and sergeante. Two Mx01 united are Mme- months of the retreat, &r the aeizure of the generals, the timea called a Tels endtheir commander na[&pps. The eoldiem loyally obe.yed the officers, whomthey had themaelvee Ught Infantry seem to have been divided into T¿& of about elected, ,end, if they claimed the right to understand and 100 men Wh, the captain of which is called both ~4lapxor diseues important plene. they were ready to accept the advice and Aopyyb. They were B very necesmry complement and decidona of their officer^ and to support them in enforciug ta the solid and unwieldy body of drhîircrr, ,especially in order end discipline. On -hing the Black Sea, when 'their broken country. bides acting BB skirmishers in bettle, common safety' WBBno longer 'their common need,'t the bonds they had to reconnoitre or to phmue the enemy, to occupy of discipline were relaxed, end the eoldiers committed many the heights, to forage, and dethemaelvea ueeful in num- excesaes; but if we compare their behaviour even in thene berleee WB~. trying circumshcea with the behaviour of modern troop The Oavalry were divided, aa a rule, into squadrons, @Aal, under similar conditioni, we shall find the contraat highly ' chor &at, each numbering in later times 64 men. The favourable to theGreek. 1 commander WBE called Irrrap~os. In theretreat a troop of M) horse only wu 0rganized.t

The ddî7ar wore purple tunics, XLT~VES. Their armour The troop were divided into ÒrrAîm, the heavy armed dmted of (1) helmet, K~L~OS,weighing about E the yup+s, M-md troop of line, and light armed 4 I~S.; (2) either a cuirass, eh&, of metal, or Omcaraofths troop : by the desertion their Pemian allies of more commonly the buff-coat of leather, mroAds, fitted with e they were deprived of cavalry, but e smsll force Lnazan breestplate end shoulder pieces. Strip of leather or wan raked and equipped during the retieat. felt, dpyes, hung below the Ohpa[ or moAdr, overlaid with The Hopliten were divided into battalions, each under the metal and sedgboth &B an ommmt and a defence for the command of a mparqy6r, general. The battalions differed in lower part of the body ; (3) Greaves, mqpi&s, platas of bmas strength, each battalion representing the number of men that or tin, lined with leather or stuff, covering the front of the ite gm-1 had succeeded in enlisting. To every battelion e I , leg from above the knee to the ancle ; (4) a large shield, hrls ~~pdn).~~~,kutenant-geneml, wna attached. The battalions or UrrAor, usually oval but sometimes round, provided with a were divided into Aha, companiea-the average strength of ..T rtrep for hanging round the neck and a handle for the left which m probably 100 men-commended a Xo~ayybr,cap .... by .; I' tain, and e hroA6~ayos. Each company w&8 subdivided into An hopmh meml properly a body of men bound together by a com- two ~WT~~UT~Sof M) men each, and each. ~~M~]NOOT~into , *, mon vow of Saelity (bpup,I swear). "he term in first found in Herodotun, who wenit of a divimon in the Epertan my. .L. 1 L- *kiii.&47. thiiC~39. t w. S. pa -.. . . I ' x1 IIVTRODOCTION. THE UREEK MERCENARIES OF CYRUS. xli l j hd: it WBB about 14 yerde high by 21 inchee bre, mede The rider had no shield, but wore a heavy Oh& LrrrLcbs, of Isym of hide covered with metal plah. The front W- , 01- cuk* over a buff juket, uroAds,+ from 4 -F-. often adorned with devices, to protect which the shield wan I which hung the ntpuyes, strips of leather or felt, kept in a lather or cloth cese, when not in actual une in ' overlaid with metal, protecting the lower part of the body:

battle or at reviews. ' the legs were guarded by high boob and lather or mail thigh Their weapons were (1) the long spear 136pv, from 6 to 7 feet 1 pieces Hie offensiveweapons were a hceend a straight long, with a double-edged point, alwtj, and a spike, uavpmjp, mord, fl#m. The horeewore a headpiece, rpopærw~l8rw, at the butt, wedfor sticking the qear into the ground or for bremtplata, rpu~epl8rw, and armour for the fhh, thtiug at close qaertere ; (2) a mod, either the strnight sword, (1#0s, Imerplbov, or.the curved sabre, píxarpa, @tjA~, Tb m (Th UKCh, Ò 6xAm, UTpaT¿S UKeVO@OpK6S, which the Lsaedæmoniens gendyused. "ne totel weight of ! ab.). The full complement of en army division included a armour and weapons WBB between 70 and 80 lbs. On the march hp number of eervante of au kinds, priemte, doctors, all the havierartiolea were ded by elarea or in the waggons. merchanta, tenta, furniture, clothing, uteneilm, end food of The light-anned troop, yvp+jm, ~VØLV~TCZA,yvpd, or $M, .awry mrt, and sometimes prisonera Hence there would be wore no defensive armour and avoidedclose Ny88 many non-combatanta &B combetants. L?" combat. They are divided into I After the sehreof the perded the tente end auperlluons Roopa (1) drrwnd, spearmen, armed with a epeer' bggage were deetroyed ; but even then the retreating my 74 feet hg, ~K~VT~OV,firninhed with E leather strap* abnt 10 , doand ita movemente greatly hampered by its train, and still inchee fromthe butt, through the end of which the foreiïnger fnrther reduced it by dismieeing all prisoners after entering WBB hertad. It is paeaible that the strapWBB wound round &duchin (iv. 1. 13). and round the Ut, and when rapidly uncoiled in the act of ..;I throwing gavi E spinniug motion to the ~pesrlike that h- part%dto a bullet by the modern rifle. ' The whole body of heavyarmed troops, drAîm, wan drawn (2) archere, armed with a bow, T&V, arrows, olad, and quiver, #up+= (3) a#wb+rar, slingere, mnedwith a sling, u+w%kq, pouch, &#O&p, end stonea, AU)O(, or leaden bdete, pAup8lties. I AóXos. II M~or.)I xdxor. II Aóxoo. 1) Aó~m. 1 The reh'rmal proper,-for under thie name all descriptions tr: FIU.1. of light-ermed troop are often clessed-were a a medium between the 6rAîrar and the yvp*s. >line may be my depth, 4 deep (&l TW~~WV,els mndpao), They ded the &cdv'rtov (see above), and, since they mme- '% in the review before ' the Ciliciap Queen ' (i. a. 16), 8 deep tim- fought in line Et close quarters, a sdwooden shield, kin the bettle of Mantinee, 12 deep BB at Leuctra, etc. The r&q, about 20 inches bd,covered with leather. dyrrfi~,cf. v. 2. 12, 8rwmhwp.bovs. , I -- 'l

xlii INTRODUCTION. lI i THEGREEK MERCENARIE8 OF CYRUS. xliii followiog plan &OWE the formation of a single AÓxm B : employed when au attack from the enemy WM expected; it S f U1

ÖO ihg e d' c b,a a' O0 f O0 O0.~ b b 'b bbb a4 b b 1 MV. O0 O0 ¿¿A ¿b¿ ¿b¿2 O0 ¿¿¿ A¿¿ Abd3 O0 O 0%ivwjLòr6pXIs ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿Ab4 O0 ¿¿¿ ¿¿ò ¿¿¿5 0" 3 ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿e O0 k ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿7 O0 O0 bbb bbb O0 O0 O0

O o%iwwprtipllrl, O0 FIQ.2. O0 O0 O0 A line ie called h&,a eeries of files mlxos, the front 11/7wrov O O O0 or o-r¿/m,the rear 06pd (tail). The front-rank men are ded O0 O0 +yefives or ~oI5peevor, the rear-rank men 06pyol; dl them O0 O0 were picked men. The bwpurdms hod at the he&of the O0 right hand fiie of hin Ivu&a. a tvow7ápms (T¿ O0 The cavalry were usuallyposted on the wingm G&ov O0 rlpas, T¿ ddwupv rlpas) the #thy[, O0 of thelight infauh-y O0 acattered front the wings. O O in or on O0 The order of march might be (1) @AayE, (2) column, (3) O0 in O0 O0 orderof Sqnm. O0 yuoh. (1) The order ofmarch in line ofbattle,.#&ay[, O0 ,. - L. (rwraGpor 3s rb ~Opderh,uvrrt-ray&-cp T@ mpm5- .. e wnn merely an advance of the #nay€ described above, Fig. 1, part, IV -1, hl #&a-, etc., Intin, ack idd)wa~ v;. -' '

l THE UREEE MERCENARIES OF CYRUS. xlv xliv INTRODUCTION. I ' The hoplites were arranged. usually 8 deen on all four (2) The order of march in column (h1NC~S, md dp~,¿@lu 1 des, in inch a way that ;hen they fed&wards they @¿Xay[, LlpBroc Mor. etc., Latin, longurn agnun) waa the uad formed on each aide a line of battle, #&ay€. The baggage end formation, especially in rough country. The Xbpmarch one camp-followers were placed h the centre, the light infentry behind the other, and the bwqlal in eenh Xhor one behind the '., between the beggage and the hoplitea. other (seeFig. 3~).The column mybe drawn up in two, three, After the morning sacrifice, at the firet aignal the baggage or more flea, according to the nature of the ground ;the usual WUI oollected and the tenta, if there were my, formation is said to have been in two files (als ah) (Fig. 3B), packed : at the second signal everything waa The yaroh but this hardly probable except in very rough country. placed on the beasts of burden or in the waggons, at thethird The head of the column is ~b dpas, T¿ ;nOfipuevw, 01 +fipevor, the soldiers fell in and the march commenced. A light meal the rear .i &p¿, d dmr19~fiAa~es.The ozpanlyol naually rode had been taken in the early morning immedietely after rising. or drove in chariota'at the head of their batfdiom, the Xoxa- About 10 or 11 o'clock the army halted, and the mid-day yd at thehead of their companies. Cavalry end light infantry med, bpozo~,the French &eumer, waa eaten. The my were stationed in front or O? the Wsor rear. j, then continued ita march till 4 or 6 o'clock. On reaching (3) The order of march in quare (rXalurov or rAa&tov lubdeu- _'' mitable ground, whichwould be selected by light-armed p, Letin, ogmen puaddurn) WBB uaed when conatant attacks troope sent id advance, villages being chosen where poaaible, were fard from my aide (Fig. 4). In the formation - ' the baggage WBB unpacked and B camp, if neceseary, formed. with WBB the re.sr ita baggage and temp-followers unprotected; We know little about the internal arrangements of a Greek in thecolumn formation the baggage wna equelly unprotected, camp. Apparently they m'ere very rarely forti- end the enemy mightí cot the long straggling line at eny point fled in any way, unlike the Roman campa, but The camp.,

5 tJmy were carefully guarded by outposts both day and night. They were probably laid ant in duo order, battalion by bat- '. talion and company by company. In front of each divieion .T ' m openwas left for the anna, called T¿ hAa, and _.. in the centre* or front of the camp a larger space in which I.^ '' the whole army couldmeamble. Here stood the altar on S which the eecri6ce waa offered beforestarting in the morning. *"brger camp had ale0 a specid market-plme in which, under ='the survdlence of officere (dyopvbp), proviaiona, etc., were d either by the natives or by the merchants which followed Q front, &pa, pi~wwov. b. rear. O+¿. e. flanks, rkupl. d. light infmtry. e. baggage and camp followem. FIG. 4...... end cam loes end confunion. The eqnare WBB intended ta 1 protent the baggage md ta prdegainet attaokfromeveryaide. xlvi ' INTRODUCTION. Aftar the quartere had been taken up, the chief meal of the day, T¿ &hw, dinner or mpper, waa prepared and esten, the watohword wanprssed.round, the ordern for the morning were given, the watoh 6rea were lighted end the watchea ret, esch night and each day being divided into three watch# of qual length, reckoned from nuneet to snhor to the hour of starting. Them the aoldiera lay ohattlng mund the &er, tiUgraduaUy the whole camp wan hunhed in sleep

ILLUSTRATIONS OF ARMOUR INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS OF l 2 ARMOUR, ETC.

FIO. 1. M, e&&. 2. Buff-jerkin, oroAdr or noMs. 3. Helmet, &W. , 4. Greave, wqpk. 5. Hoplite'e Shield, UrXw ; with handle, dxavw. 6. Eloplitde Shield, IhrxoU. 7. Trumpet, udArcyt. 8. Horn, &pas, with crone etick hudle. Q. Spear, 6bpu ;with point, alw4; and epikeat butt, uavpwnjp.

13. Quiver, #apbrpa ; carrying bow, T@, and mwqohd. ,14. Scimitar, pixqa 16. Hoplitde Sword, E@os. 16. P& Short Sword, drrrvdmr. 17. Slinger, u#rv8whr. 18. Part of a L scythe-chariot,'dppa 6pperavrl@pov. .@i.'.. 19. Fbft, qe8h, resting on kin^, &ml. 20. Waggon, aAa. 8 xlviii 6 D xlix V c 17

18

l9 pY

XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. BOOK VI.

.. .' . l m CHIEFDATES. a C. 401. March O. Departure from Sardin. July ‘27. Enphraten croaaed at Thapeeoua sept. 3. Battle of Cum. Oct. 22. Seizure of the Generale. Xenophon’e hm: Election of New OÆOeln. 400. Jen. a7. Sight of the Sea from Mt. Thechea Feb. a Trepermll reached. . Oct.-Dec. Servioe under Senthee. 399. Maroh 6. Snrvivom join army of Thibmn.

ITINERARY OF BOOK VI.

Deb. ao. (00. !

i

I Palt&) (Bchreiber-Anderson.)

Throwing the Javelin. &m a Vsse in the Brltlsh Muaeum. r ’.

.I

Pendan Dorlc. with -re of the Ehg d Pmh. (Ccdn of Artuarxa.) a I U. F., I .. =NO@QNTOZ KYPOY ANABAZIZ VI.

B BOOK VI.. CHAP. I. 7 c

......

I

, e-...,=..

12 ETPOT ANABAPIZ. W B.O. BOOK VI. CHAP. III. IS ..

E 'hl?. BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 16 . k, ' C' IM) B.O. 10 ETPM ANABAXI~. BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 17

l I BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 19 7F'mpaqyoì cis TÒ ~vpv~vxopíov

9

10

11

12 .. . .- I

!

I c l

.. . . . 3. .

NOTES.

3 B &S.1OO=Rutharford"s Firet Greek Syntax Bectian 100. CHAPTER I. .A Boob II., III., IV., V., and VIL begin with n short f pmmqy of the prerioua nnrrntive. Such e eummary is in bme m. prefixed to Che iii. of this book ; hence some *'editors ndd the first two ctnptere to the end of Bk. V., and r begin Bk. VI. et Chnpter iii. See nota on iii 1. ' 5 1. hr ha 6,'whilst waiting here,' i.e. at Cotyora, -.Z' Kvnhpa, once eTodshing ci it dwindled sway &er the 7 foandiu of Pharnecin (mod. !kaah), and hee left scarcely ,a -%elund. ProbeMy the modern Odd, 'where some x remainn of en ancient port, cut out of the solid rock, nre still risible.' (Hamilton's himMinor.) ' e-3 +, piha qunlifieu €8, 'right well,' 'with great &ill' ; 5..* 10 aUnm &a, ii. 5. -1 3. %am ... , !enotiug the coincidencleof two eventa, *-.. '~na nt the time ... . see Vomb. -I p+ ~tretv705s 'm pqrr (W. W ahGp), 'Ineither to injure the Greecorto be injnred by them'; real17 quivnlent to on condition that he WBB not injured by them. - , 5 a. M &a 4 om, on the ennlogy of the usual phraae, .hl [ha KaAc3 (V%. vi. 3), to iuvite to pmtake of one's hoe- 'telity. Tr. 'welcomed them to a friendly (or hospitable) E?.- . 'Lquet .. . . ~LU~~T~TOUS,BC. ?rapuKd€'aikt, 'th": whom they thonght bed the beat right (or title) to be asked. 5 4. p& dvaLxpmA&œv, lit. oxen of thoee CB tured, i.e. 'mm of the captured oxen.' ~qa~lvrv,eto.: cf.%U. ii 23. 35 36 KPOT ANABAEIZ. ohp. I. g¿. olrovbi ... hor6vww ... , the mud courae. After a dinner- rty (8&vov) WB$ Wied, libatione were made to the G$.&t (dya8br 81alpov). the pesn WBB aung, end then dnnkmg begm (au&mov m rhos). New gue& often now joined the rty and eonvanstlon was relieved by the Intro- dnotion of %cera, mnaic, etc. hdvwov. The wahr wm properly a h n to Apollo or Artemia in ptihd0for deliversnce from evrthe burden of which was l& IImtbrr, Il& being Apollo as the god of healing. Then it waa uaed specially of the aon of viatoy, but also of WB~songe before goin into battle, ant of solemn chante before beginning e day’e worl, eta. Ppxwvm ... 4- .. . (xptiyr~... ., Note the ten- : the ear., am umal, dmbathe scene BB B whole, the imperfects the epieodes, the audvephaiea. ponitive aa‘ectkea in neut. phm. uaed dverbielly &Te I= in p-. d. 8 8, *Und. 5 6, T& -v, Thmoien aon in honour of Kin Sitslcae. Vollbrecht comparea the Germen fduigalid und R%&a. +v ... , ‘ate ped along In time, pipee ?laying (lit. piped For conetr. cf. rb ‘ATGaey ( Aristoph. Ach. SW), ‘he f to, afiL, pivef to the tune of the More march,’ or wer will &g the aong of armdue. meaeure, mentioned in Arimtoph. Clou&, 661, where the 8 7. ALv~âvea,Aeolien people inhabitmg U valley of the Scholieet eaya it waa compoaed of a spondee pyrrhic trochee S rchiua ; belPPged to the mmy collecte^. Menon, the d end iambna (- -, - Y,- -, -). ia meaEmred X&diaa (S. a S). Mti~r,another AeoL tribe ow f movement either in nwtion. BB in dancing, marching, etc., or oupying mountsinom con& dietriot e& of Theusly. in emd, e tnne, merah, eto. : here used in both amam on 3 na (DikyG.) iue,,, of motion, of tune. ZJlY r~bvudoupbqv, aa apmarv, ‘the Carpsea dena, ae aBXobpvor, the Greeks had only two kin& of inatmmental it is called : an ancient mimetic dence or pantomime, fully de- * mnaic, aUAwtr end rrr8dpruas, wind and stringed murio. The ecribed here by Xeno hon, dating from the roqh daye when * latter WM produced on the aevenrl verietiee of the cithers or dl men went armed. %idler dancw are mentioned by Atha- ‘’ lyre : the former on the mAdc (ht. tiaia) or pipe, a hollow reed, sells &g frequently rrfomed et banqueta for the amusement . cane, or piece of wood, pped with holes : there were may of eata. The edvation Demeof ie uncertain:either . varieties, single and dou le. 6ee Diet. of Antiq., “Fibis.’ (1) gmnaph, fruit, but fruit time is rather autumn than .. hdvwrrv, see 5 4 note. epring, end thia amne re menta the so meon, apring : 0 19. m&xq (W. amuis : derivation uncertain, from a or (2) from Kap&, wrist, Luaethe -sed mm’a wrista (?retan IIdppqw, ita inventor: or from Pyrrha, m of Achillea, are bound. etc.), the moat famoue of ancient mimetic dancee, interesting $ e. mm&,we 0 6, *Ad, note. am the parent of the modern ballet end pantomime. It waa of TO+, ‘Bee .)hm a&-,’ cf. proapexi Italiam, Verg. A. Doric origin (Cretan and Spartan) : rimmily S wm.dmm vi. 86’7. The mid erpreellee deeper intereat in action of which the performers went thmugi wrioue machin end verb. (hetor.) j evolutiona, intereperaed with mimia engagemenb. Atfm S8 KTPOT ANABAZIZ mp. I. NOTES. 39 ohildreu were trained for it from their earliest yeare. Plato (,km, vii. 816, Jowett) =ye the Pyrrhic dancer “imitatee the.~~ moden of avoiding blows and darte by %pin& or gieg wny, or s@nging &de, or rising U or falling down ; nlw theoppoa~te postnree, which are 8oee of don, BB,for example, the imitntion of arohery, and the hurling of javeline, and of d Sorte of blows.” Atheneeus & it 8 “training (upuy$paupa) for wer.” At Athena exhibitim of dancers were given nt the Panathensic festivd. Eh$ into a mere B le is shown by this mein ?:$c.Among tf%maw, who adopted eo. maux cuetome from the cfreelre, we hear of “pphwmdrlarce, ‘war pyrrhics,’ hut for the moat part their Pyrrhic wan like the modern Itdim pantomime, e representation ofMune mat #.le. Bv 4 ... , En . order ig 7¿v #va 8bau8ar au wb’ect (e.g. Judgment of Paris, ApuL M&. x. 30-34; Icarue 7 7qi mpare1pa7~(I woulf Lm able to handle the troops ’), andPani@l&i, Suet. Nm,12 ; Invasion of Indh b Bacehae, rd vvn¿s Ka1 ì&pas, pûAAw 3) uoXuapXlas obqs (‘better thnu- Athen. =v. Bal, etc.] by denoen, mde end fende, uady gm. ddbe Fible-if there were a divieion of oommand,’ nlavee importad from As18 Minor, put upon the step with a * OuUqY, gen. almol.) ... . profneion of noenery and oontume. In the Pyrrhio the mueid TL AavMvw .. . m +Uvtrv, n adverbial wo., ‘in anything.’ aecompePiment played a very importent part: the meaaure g *’ i6wav+ M ... , ‘what waa decided by the one (general) was atinin# y& md li ht, hence the foot (- -) celled be ded ont.’ pyrrhio. h urther a&, 888 Smith, Diet. of Adp., etc. z.rOnm . &,* vutlqs, BC. yvc5pvs,‘cf. ii. 12, lit. ‘&r,’and there- 5 16. teal + v... , ‘ those who had actnelly routed h in accordance with the opinion which preveiled,’ i.e. ‘ in the great hog ..., a facetious exa eration. Cf. I. x. 2. *obedience to the vota of the majority.’ Nad with acc. is more In battle of CaneXs Artaxemes attnoI15 and began to plunder umudinthieaenme. esmp of Cyrus. One of the women, pursued by the spoilem, fled to e small body of Greeh left on gusrd -th the camp- : . v dp %fp, metaphor from putting shoulder followere theae drove OEthe mpoilere. L R .mder, undertaking taak, involvincdea of compuleion or g 14. &K& ... 88uratuh ... , see S 2, nota. ?‘ductaoce: ram uäe, found in g 31 ow,once inPlutarch 5 LI. 6 8’ Un,‘?U the next &y,’ of. III. iv. 1, plvarses a”k(iU. 37), end in m inscription. il,, . a& TU6nl. 73* *&W, ql rnn P*opElowo .. . . ‘I’.# 40. + J&, followed irregularly by ¿&e 8’ ai?, g 21, E~vdq,modern Siiub, at that time the mont importent ~bteadof rg 86, a looseness of construction common in Xeno- Greek city on the ooant; a oololly of Miletus, snd itnelf the SeeIntrod. p. xxxiv. yrent of the greet citiee of Cbtyora, Kerasnnt and Traperne. -POIL ’, .IlyVea-h,IL+~&L, Bv ycvkbr, note the tansea. t became the capital of the kin of Pontus. who adorned it .m1 with magnificent buildingn and Erhure : on their overthrow it wan 8d$d to the Romm dominions, by Luoallne, and msde a Roman colony.” At the present dey few trac88 remain of ita former grandeur. ‘Appfpq, 8 Greek town and harbour of little imp*- five miles to went of Sinop. U) KTPOT ANABAZIC. -P. L 4-a NOTES. 41

8 SI. h6-nMllpocTo, frequent8tive optativl3. A voice in the etreet, or a eleve that you meet, T¿ $Maw FL,‘ the hue of the future,’ lit. ‘how the A name or a word by chance overheard, future would turn out’(orlgo,’M ‘be’). For drg C&, If you deem it an omen, you oall it a Bid; bw with dv. intransitive, cf. common phes cahBr (xew, And if birds are your omens it clearly will follow o~%wr hew, etc. The whole clause ia sub]. of d8qAou (err]). That birds are a proper prophetic A lla ” -(Xre~m translation. 8 SS. bva~orv&war,‘lay the matter before heaven.’ Note the active. ba~roruGis I communicate a thing to a person or oblc ~~WTLK~S,the eagle being the bird of Zeua, the King (2. aak for advice, ~V~ZMOWOÛ~L,I discnsll a mattar with anyone, .l +Ach above) and the guardien of kings (6~mp+wv ßauAjwv, E &us,’ 761, cf. N~~VW&W, ii. 16, the middle having a reai rocal force, to ,:‘kinpfosterlin of Hom. X i. from whom all give and take, talk over. uu ouAel0, 1 give advice; ‘honour and auhrity ie derived: hence the eagle is often Cf. represented on s sceptrw and banners the emblem of UU~O~~~~~U,I coneult with ; edw, ? eecrifioe ; edopaL, I con- bin na sult the gods by sacrifice (and eo wed of general taking the So m eegf e eppears to Cyrne the Great on the auepioea), etc. ntier of Persis, when 8bout.b join his uncle Cyaxareg 8-- gwer. of,Media, on his expedition agamet Assyria. o-&pwoo,muad middle. Syn. 191. ‘Caud to R. II. 1.1. For eimilar auguries compare Hom. Od. :?W%, bemdset before the altar.’ h ‘!Aesch.Pers. 200. Pameagee like this, which are not infrequent @h,middle. Cf. note on dvarrorvBuac abOva ‘in Xenophon, are interesting instances of the superstition v Ad 3 WU, Zens the King’ : aee for Xenophon’s T! which waa present in the mind of even educated Greeh. dreun, dd.III. i 12; for hie viait to Ddphi, III. i. 6. @‘.‘Cfq III. i. 12 mg. and notem. d ... y ... , ‘and in fa& ’ (64, Lat. door profecco) ‘the .’ 894. mhpLv&106~~~¿ydvm.~NTT d...,‘ thatwas vbion, which he =W when he WBB firet appinted’ (da. p ,how the matter stood, when the army ... . (Dakyna.) laelas., lit. began to be appointed ’) the joint cherge ‘to * , g 48. ayOv rlpddar, ‘all declared for electing,’ EO vii. (MT¿ uumr~)of the he thought had sent to V. army, been rrd*se~Exeyw soh ØL& ... 6oûuar 6hp... . him’ (lit. he had men) ‘from this god.’ ~WL~OL,for interchasge of opt. and indic. see Zrcuvoir], 8 sa. G$&, i.e. east, the auspicioua quarter, ‘on the 16 nob. right,’ bmethe Greek augur faced north when taking the 0.9 au ices ; the IlOman augur faced south, and therefore had - 8 SO. ~BO~IZLOC.. . dmp live dscy, I muat bepleeeed if th%oky ampices on the left. 2 ,I pm (have the feelingm off a man. erTEp in Attlc al~es impliea the supposition istrue, or rather E with de lvlrrp ... , anticipetory accusative. See iv. 23, note. 7’’ fact stated in main chuee. Twelate frer‘ It is but olœvdq, an omen, lit. a bird, for birds were the chief meglls -%umm to be ... ,’ or ‘Im but mortal and must needs be ... . Aristophanes, b which the gods gave to men.Cf. !% ’ d~.. . wpoxp~qva~, ‘the fact that... ,’ mbj. of Jorcci. &du, 716 fo11.- m< ., -- .. h&oyrwh, vin Cheirieophue. ‘I For Delphi, for Ammon, Dodona, in fine I. .F, For every oraculer temple and ehrine, ~ .oh+CV, followed by lpí m ... 06, insteed of &e, n alight The birds are a substitute equd and fair, .. .. kguhrity.. 8- TÛ &, 8 U), note. For on ue you depend and to ue you repir -T UA’ +W ... =p’ ahav, parenthesis, supply ~OKC~TC,from For counsel and aid, when a merriage IE made, he? above, to govern s~durrvbv, and oho ou as objeot of ‘ A urcheee, a bargein, a venture in trade : ,-.”.4 .-heu. U&cky or lucky, whatever has struck ye. d dw m .,.¿æ+aMs, lit. ‘not very Refe in any 6’:(T& An ox or an 888, that may happen to pass, rdv. WC.) for ‘bot at all safe.’ a form of expression dd . _I

42 KTPOT IWABAZIZ. map. I., II. NOTEB. 43 )y gram- ‘Meiosie’ or ‘ Litotes.’ OP rdru in metimes not altogether,’ sometimes ‘dtogdhar not,’ according to the context. 5 99. h& lour ... ,‘ confene that theLacedsemoniane were the lordm oEem alno; i.e. of ~thenrM well an of the daetaten of Qreece. For faob of. Xen. Hdl, ii 2. At the dom of the Pelopon- neaian War, 406 B.c., the La4edsrrmopian~reheed to aero Athems, m the Corinthbm, The-, end other allies mRlshek but offered theme tmmm: Thetthe fOrti6C8tiOM end wdb &odd be destroyed; the fleet, exoe t twelve vde, mr- rendered ; the ailes rrvltored ; and! ‘ that the Atheniena should aoknowledge the heedrhi of S rta both in pBLLae and war leavin to her the choiy oFfrien6 and fw, end follow- ing her ldbylsnd md nea. (D&@ tr.) $98. Cc& ..., ‘if, themfore, eeeingtheae fsds’ (v ‘with thfoctu bsfm my e ’1 ‘I were ta neem to be[ (cy ‘giue them the im.pca& tg Z m”) ‘meking their dlgnlty’ (y eclfeedsenr authority (W lo invdi&àqJ ‘high ’) void ,of ’ ‘ be OF ‘ncuhdieing their... BB far BB lay in mypOwer (lit. te where I u~dd),I am app!wnive thatI eho d very m@ly

3 (S a. For the lines cut out, nee Appendix. (S 89. d TWQ ... I thipking of Cleirisophus. ‘Hp$lcXc~a,dimtiiguiahed.~ g lIwTtd,.Hereelea Pontica, ,in 5 8L de2(v6&v, nc. &ur, ‘that there WBI~ need of T the Mlddle Ag= Penterakba, now Erekh, called by Xenqhm more,’ i.e. mom ing more munt he naid. ‘IL Chak city and 8 colony of the m6egeriu’ a very rw&l ‘B”, U¿M often uned to introduce abrupt objections, oommerciel city and of very anoient date, for ere the qnentione or prop.de, the adversative force being directed Argonauta, accordin to the legend, were hoepitnbly received print a m pod objection or feeling in minde O€ a~dime, bp Kiu L CUE. ft phyd important pert m ancient . g 32, anfv. 14. htory,%nt%u now decayed. Thepreeent town occnpien only the muth-went comer the circult enolaeed the ancient EBB VOCabU~. of by m-, Wdln, .and consinta of about 250 Mohammedan and 40 Greek- For remarb on this pnaraee an ihEtr8tiUg Xenophon’e chriehm honnea character, EBB Intdp. xvïi.-~x,xxviii. M~vGW6vJthe Msriandyni, the original inhabitants of gas. dvhr,‘evenmiitie’ .: , lbstern Bithynie, a 44 KTPOT ANABACIZ. abrp. m. NOTES. 45 thia trpt of A ilsus) that he despised the great king's g 4. 'A~powL&6~X+&-. The Admusian Ckmm?.~, .. . wer. X-. G. v. 2. 18, 6' ahGu 5s hq&.rwv a ninsula jutting out into the Euxine. 'The name &rusi8 WM ven by the encienb to V8lhlE l8kW or ,: %&ow, 'he ercaived about them that they asked one mther .. . II d'for a more complicatedpardel, A&. III. i. swamps, which, &e the various rivers of the neme of Acheron, -.an were at some time believed to be conneoted with the lower W,"kupila @v,no 86, careleas writing (me Introd. p. xxxiv.) ; world,' e. one near Hermione in ArgOkE, one between Cum m%Fpe Misenurn in Campia, md one in Egypt mane edltora however explain pb in euch mea ee equivelant near Mempb. (Ainsworth.) :z t. fi+. *' &rropttw, force of #K 'provide 11~)vethurouglrly.' ... samßfpq M) A@. Rhodine : cureer -..,. . :.'mqp&mv,,. money dlow~~~cefor rationa, which were spot near Taenarum m LeConia. aubetantives th= used in #Idom EUpplied in kind, es distinguiflhed from weds, wqw, a pition,th . ~bvEfi#pdrqu for rompbu, two Miuh r¿kr (Thno. iv. by for service, see Iutrod., p. XXXVI. Xenophm is earllest y'p"&e, who UBBB word : Thucydidw haa +O#*. IL), eta. For hl, 'to fetch,' cf. ii 3, 8, iAOs& hlT& h- njasra, 'to o to fetch provi!ione ;v. l. 5, hl rA&a m&Ae.rar, pq, with subj. (generally Lor.), or lesa is sentto !et& transporta very emphatic mp&tive, 'l the gib I am *MW 4 kl 860 orbs- probably. with KaTßbewr, e locee will not .. . ." The expression is oonstmchon, sdverbd instead of ed~ectlval: where now they origin, even if we cennot esy now pre- show the mark8 of hie descent (i.e. where h8 descended) to B or worde have been loet, probably some diatmce of (hl) more than two furlonge in depth' (rb pdhs, of fearing or iti equivalent. R. Np. 384. dv. WC.). Some editors takethe WO& mth KaTa@iua, '' *&V qpp6V a'&, 'pWVimODE forthree days,'wm 8 etending putting commas after mmrafiuar and nraTa@drtos. Fer for &p army about to take the 6eld ; 110 the jarymcn in Arimtoph. 243, were ordered ~KCWhowas +pp& d& 0 8. AGKOS,River L~cus~," Wolf River," now &led the Wmp, Kilij-s~or ''Sword %ver, both names derived prob8blx rpu?r ypb, 'to come with a three dayn' eupply of bad from its sudden inundations and overpowering Boude. ' *Pr. (Ainsworth.) &POS,edverlial W., 'in breadth.' .. &w&u ... , lit. ' there ia not (a place) from which having 'mpplied ourselves with provisions we ehdl proceed on OUF 8 4. mptbv, pt early in sentence for emphasie ; copte my.' Aa often in Greek the emphatic word L the participle, wo. with rOpuO*a c"gyte " mans thet thenotion in '' not the verh : in English we must turn it ' there is no quarter the substantive is "cognata or akin to that in the verb. which we m, supply with provisions end Cf. UkqF Lrlm~uw, they won e victory, qbnfptuw ehbpa, on our way. iii. 6 below. & rufucqvdr, a gold coin like T& m-, .gem.* depending on the following cleu= &em$b~qwh &Z~IC¿S,dkd: *L@~¿s a ter Cyaicne,or island and town off the north 8~t... urmp!urou whch IE equivalent to a single substantive, m& of Myeie, the gold of which ie now worth €1. 9d. object ?audfu, tr. 'I am surprised at the generals' not !?a. of "C 6. pupbus, BC. ah&, because the Heracleota had broken trying ... The conetrnction of a gen. of the person depend- . Wrpromise (V.vi. 35) of a month's pep to the my, in in4 on 8 neuter WC. of the prononn, e.g. 8raBrGrac ahGu mnd numbars 10,OOO Cyzicenes. mwa, I perceive this ofthem,' is common after verbe of obseroing, enquiring, wondering, hearing, fearing, eb., and .I'd WS .. , continues soldiers' pmpoanl, 'and that the neut. is sometimes explained by oreupereeded by a bey shone..." wa@qdvrv,one of the common tran- clame. Aga. viii. 4, TOÛTO hraruO Ayrl~rXdou. rd ta 0yti0 Recta d&IClol ie often wed of 'aìtting in 8?ken. wltstion. hep&> dpßauAh 8Cap, ' 1 preise for this .- . .I.. I..

46 KTPOT ANABAEIZ. Ohp. K m 8-10. NOTES. 41

aMm +a, d. eil &a, i. 1. note. ‘.dommontoalllanpagee; aoinhg. ‘morethbdwen,....3 Cl$ aLqLAiovs, IV. 23. g 6. hm 8’ ot, eo qv oh, L v. 7, etc., ‘ eome.’ cf. W, with double ax.,vk, ?rdxul and the ante- 8 11. Bodv, partitive gen., ‘out of their own number,’ eo &GV, vi. 18. ce&?%~r~ ... &&Gu, # to compel a Greek city, and : friendly one too (ml CpAkv, emphatic), to anything which.. .. b. mloh ml mqm, ‘would expect bu ~oceî~oa~... KUJ 6,n pq, not 06, because indehite andconditional. rcqâuhr, after the Or. bli ua ebu above. Xeno hon Chang= the conetr. an though he $Ba written (XE~OV A... . Note g 7. nal hmhík, force of h.,‘even (mal) went 80 far Q(I to the indef. future condition. threaten (oerteip a0MeqUen~)if ... .’ 1 g e. &vmchv, URA~L~,4+aívm, note the I 19. d TLV~4wv ... , lit. ‘they, having left Cheirimophne, T *1 there were any hcadians ... with him, and Xenopho: F tensee 6‘ mar ing the name vmiety of state and cironmeten? if

in e aeries of actione thet light and ehade do in a T (ml. . em hatic by position),banded together ... , I.e. (Rahdank) In thi and many other rempecta EngJ?sm +’. ‘and% the &diene ... who yere with Cheirieophue and æ &nophon too, left them and ... . poorer h age than Greek. Inape?&ts of continued and * -< 1ncompd”aotion began to... in neverel quarters ; aorist of ’ ~oh-ovs... , English order l#qtpluavro 88 rohoovr ro~& TO+O comperetively momentary action in one quarter ; upet e& #,TL hdv h VLK~U~]~(ec. yvhpqs, Bee i. 18 note). g:: . rrir of complebd action, the eff:cts of which etill -&e, ‘Lad &# 49, ml., attraotion for drb rahqs 0’ (or jr), ‘from that old and keptdoaed. ?r., md immediately they ret to work which ... . colleating their propew from the fielde : they packed up end Q oh transferred the msrket to the inside of the clty : the gata la. TOG Xtrpw¿+, ‘having heard hmCheirieophue they hm3 ahnt et once and ke t ehut: and arme began to & that ... .’ appear upon the walla.’ fi here waverebetween -.1 ’ KM- hph,eee iv. 1, dewription and nota. meaningn of ‘market’ and msrketablee,’ c wlvw ’ : nee * fi 14. ahí,a-v, Neon and Cheirieophue. Vocab. dru &v,wltrhv, pre t cmtrnction, = dvwmd- uwes +T~v,packed up amf%mxd8 inside,’ aee ncste on (K TO-, ‘in consequence of this,’ rather than ‘from iii. 24, uvpp&a~ eb. ¿va = m theù weggone and beasts; +‘thIll tima (Vollbrecht) hAa might be either ‘mm or ‘armed men, y:’-.#Tt&NWln.-. ‘hoplika,’ BBB Vocsb. . F 8 16. kwh,h out of the Euxina 8 O. 6~4Odp(rvdp *v, added epxe eticell or ex- Y_’ 3 fpqh ‘HpcucU, ‘Hereclem the Conductor,’ the guar- they were spoiling; i.e. mpodng their planatocily: that ‘L ;Lii ’.dian O wandere- : the Greeks had sacrificed to him, Zeus plena’ the Preserver, and the other gob, on renching the eaat WV~VTO,like Lat. coire, of a eeditious meeting. ITTrspexue, IV. viii. 25. g 10. ’Ahvofov, ‘an Athenian,’ i.e. Xenophon -.. Buolrivp, KOLVOU~~V~,reciprocal middles, nee bvacorviiuar, i. q8 h,not o#ephv. hecauae hypotheticel, stated not tu &82 note. m’!&rut na m conception in epeslrern’ mind. vw Mal II LVOV, techni,ed formula, ‘eatiue meliusque,’ OWV&a~, ‘wm nothing,’ ‘of no account’ ‘more deairabrand better : atrictly AGv is more desirable, . prehable, from Doric AG, I wieh : dpewov, better morally. Ka\ qv a;.., clam with preceding, 88 em; ’ plmaking : an&E~~q%+t~, IyI a matter of fact,.. . 816. ~a~q&oor... , the numbers here given de of “ more ‘tham” 7800 hoplitee, loo0 peltaata, 40 cavalry : 4~ ... Mp+LW, h8p fj~~~uuis treated (LB a noun and .- the Luune sub3. of qv, e conetruchon warb uheu~u,‘according to aenee,’ total“more than” 8640, an in V. ïi. 3, though g& A NOT.IW. 48 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. -p. =l m. 49 many mm been E& nince then. Hence many mm. omit E and chaptem. The editor ma? have been one of the ~d rrumrlmor, Me Appendix. For numbern of ermy at dif- ed men attached to the famow llbrary at Alexandria in ferent tima we Introd. p. mxv., note. , which, under the Ptoleminee (3rd ta let cent. aa), e theliterar centre of the world. Many modern ol KAdpxw ?@((c,sdded explanatorily, ‘namely Clem- begin at thia chapter. See I, note. chna’ Threeiane : mereeneries from aslatic Thrace, Le. m Bk. d i Bithynia, we g 17 note. # ’ g 9. dba,adverbial ace. with wophwov.rar. fi 17. v they got the start of the othern to be ‘first Mpv, ten nparqyd had been appointed (ii. 12 above) ; the in the fiel and secure most plunder. divimon of each npurqy¿~is called looeely a *os ;here there- Ußouv, opt. because rAbwru ie historic preaenb. fore each U~oswould number over 400 men. For the Ahos r EIX Introd. p. xxxviii. +! nee iv. 1, dewription and nob. qql 8p61(rp, Blthynia or Aeiatic Thrace, defined in iv. 1 Ma, BC. x&, lit. ‘whatever nod of villa e aeemed larger usual i.e. any villege seemed below, BB ertending ‘from the moyth of the Pontus,’ i.e. from .. . ,’ ‘If .. . .f Byzantium ‘BBfar ILB Heracleh : called Thrace becauee, ‘MOL,opt. because virtual Oratio Obliqua. long before the period of Greek settlementa from Europe, the ‘enclwed,’ ‘ surrounded ’ ; rather than, (LB country had been conquered by Thracian trih, from the e it, ‘got pseaeion of,’ ail6 cornpararunt. banks of the Strymon in Thrace, (hence dedStrymoniens by Herod, vii. 75) among whom the most powerful were the g 4. &l & .. . l ‘‘ for bebig light-armed troop msny had Thyni and the Bithyni : EM Hiepert, c. iv. fi 61. “ka’! the hoplitee, slipping through (lit.out of) their very g 18. &W, with ¿p@~m,‘ setting out &might from ,.. .’ *E g 18. d 8pu ... , ‘the confinnee of Thrace and the district P- 8. rphomq BC. d roM,uor, change of subject. of Hemlea, probably defined by the River Elaeus, mod. ‘Hyqmiv8pl i.e. TOÛ Adxou ‘Hylluduïipu : mû doea not AUblf. (Ainsworth, 217.) Hylludv~9pou, but ‘Hyllud*¿?poudepends on TOÛ which dAAou 86 Alxou, , 8d pwydus, through the heart of the country ’ ; “ we a up ‘but of another company d the ten must EU pow that he crowed the chain of h&, the pres%nt æperala, namely that of Hegeeender ... .’ Yeah $&h, and the ancient MOUEHypiue, dewending upon * O. oi 8c .. . , ‘and the other companies too ., . .’ the fertile plain of Pruse and Hypium, now called after the more insignificant site of D6ech931, the ancient Duseprum, uitnated on the same plain ... . There is no middle road, nothing but hills and im sable foreata betweem the middle plaine and the mast.’’ &worth, !h&, 217.)

CHAPTER Ill. *:’mqwav qqpqcognate acc. : see note ropb ,--~,~ufiuar, ii. .4, .. above. on

5 1. For this seetion see Appendix : it is not p& of the =+ original work, but, like the simllar introduotions at the head .. . oweUyovl0, “ kept up a continual shouting to of Boob II., III., IV., V., and VII., waa added by an early meanother and flooked together reeolntely.” Note the editor, to whom probably we owe the preeent divirion into W.Id imperfeds through thie and the next section. S1

: g 16 (17). &v 8L d~~plcuuphrrv... , a complicated and not well-expresredsentence, bemuse in the Qreek there isa double - qsmparuron,@et between letting their comrades perish and asving them, S& between being misted by Chenhophus’s - troops only end dlclinging together ;and further, two condi- tionel eentencea me implied,-if they paish, we Shall have ‘itone but Cheiriaophue’e troo s to rely upon; if they are 3, wvd, we can all cling togeder. A hteral tramlation will ‘m& brin thh out. Tr. “To let those now be& eríah, and so have to &ht our way through with the aid of 8heirieo hum’s -’z ’ :man done, L lena ta our advents e than ta save them mgthus, all dtiq together, to rtmggletor our deliveranoe together,” * .:, e’ kv,g it ie poeeible ... ,’ g we may either .. . .’ gJ.filO(la).Ilytr,better‘ordelait~’then‘leedusthue’: j*.-. . thongh either in paible. ’’ ro3r lupx ‘the rond boasters.’ Seespeeohee of Arca- dima and ALB,akve, ii. 10. 8 y OI lrMw ~ovo#vms,‘with their presumed superior wisdom,’ 2 0s.ironical. Distinguiah rMov $J c&, ta be wiser than one’s hbour, from &W #porc% ($I vi. E), to be over-full of A .‘aA favourite’ sentiment with Xenophon, probably bor- ;row~d from the poeta. Q roh &d dvB& +x., lit. ‘who beefrom the goda,’ i.e. ?...: :who coMult the gode and rely upon them advice before begin- ,=.any important act..., ‘who beee every act upon heaven’ß . .. ;c:. ’. b Bv. Sbqdc, ... that you may be able,’ final sentence - .JIOITLI~~~expreesed by h,8wws or 1sr with snbj. or opt., but ::: ::: darimperatives end the equivalents of the imperative (here rpwdxav) we usually have h b or llrwr b with eubj.

,, : 0 17 (14). vGv abv ... , by slight irregularif no Ben- ; again p.2~ “W- tence answers it E the idea ie repeated in + ~. 4 21, and amwered by &LE &? 6 +&p*. .,” ’ h,for roaoû~ovkou wpeA8eiv ... ,g after advancing m far T. U it may seem to be judicious (lit. ri ht‘ time) to advance BB .. regsrda supper time.’ rk T¿ 6., ‘wikrespect to,’ see v. 14, .** 1 ~: note, sir dv8pcrbnlrq or ‘with a view to ... ,JBBB VIL viii. 20. :, ’ I 18 (1s). dud I[ wokv ~Oeop@v,‘if they anpwlere eepied thing from any quarter.’ From ita sense of ‘looking down , . -- .. - -- ..

NOTE& 62 Kl’POT ABABAEIZ. -pp. IR., IV. 63 from above npolq’mhfi is “p”,Uy umed of sudden or chance observation : ‘caught sight of : BO v. 8.bdow. CHAPTER IV. km- plural, brp. singular. Cf. I. i. 6, hrs8’ ¿+rv&o ... rdvms dnriprm. C VI. v. 7, JM~Ø~~vovT¿ Jmmj&ra I rl 711 dm. This wholesxdevantetion waa to @ve the enemy an 7t.didea of the strength of the rnvading army, wen of g 19. ’g 10. 6wv K- al CV,‘ acettering aa widely M WBB prudmL’ hr ‘movipgabreaetof;tbemeng....’ . ml 4 -3 M, ‘end the meIn arm? too, ec. burnt’ : mparrd here used (like urprrk in ISr. iiL 211) of ¿TXTELopp. to 1-a and rE~~d.SO (B. a. iii. as) contrasts axerdu and @tus. wap&~m$vq, prem. part. giving dditional vividnem to M Sefd ... dm”~,‘on the right BE one sails inta the picture, B favourite uasge of Xenophon. Euxine 4 dat. of interest or hference-“employed to mark the pernon for whom or from whoae point of vlew a thing g 90. hr~bwm,&=turn ‘a8idsfimn’ line of march. ie true ” (R. S’p. la),akiu to the ethic dative. See note on g PI. &m\.,. mix- ‘M mon an .. ,’ more emphatic by Eevo$&wr, iil. 10, above ;and cf. pkvouar, 8 12, Mow. Cf. III. seperation ii 22, mimes ?wapl xpotouar rpbs dsw¿s 8uaßarol ylyvovrar, +heb, note aceent, from iuAa4. ‘all rivers become fordable am one aacends to their sources,’ # 99. hAroprcoh, imperfect, oarryingrreader back to m. v. 15, 11 86 8ra/3&r T¿V rorap¿v ... M Au6b @pm, (that) time when Xenophon heard of blockade, were laMy be- ‘the mad aftar one crwes theriver .. . leads to Lvdi.’ leaguered.’ g 9. Bufarrrlw, Byurntiam, modern Constantinople. 98. &v ~cadcqyrhrrv,en. depenfing on CswBlovro, dat. of instrument, qualifying rAoh hl,lit. ‘is a from thme who left &hind , had been . . . longday’s voyage with ow8 for a trireme.’ A ‘long day’s 4%¿# kdpop, ‘immediately after suneet ’ : so lw6ev, et voyspe,’ accoding to Herodotus, WBB 70,OOO dpyvral, fathom, dawn. Cf. Thuo. vii. 29, ¿y &mipar &Arkwe rbr Ebprrov. i.e. 700 stades, or about 80 miles. The real distance between g 94. o-uppm ... &, pregnant use of the preposition, corn- Byeantiurn and Heraclea by mea ia in a straight line abont 140 mon in Qreek, for ‘to go tu Calpe and jorn the others d milea. Arrien gives it BB 1670 stades, about 195 miles. alpe.’ Cp. I. ii. 2, rapfjuav els &lp6ers, and in this book, ii. ep+tcp B&wol, Bithyoien Thmians, see notes on ii. 17, 8,iv.7,iv.9,iv.18,~.20,v.%,vi.23,vi.24 above. &&K- tb mMv, ‘when they met,’ lit ‘arrived at the &khwœs, qualifies Abßwur : ma3r‘EMqwo added at end, same place.’ db%ough T& ‘EAA. has preceded, implying they treated g 98. +F\#,, gen. depending on lrvvBdvoMo. ‘inquired them worae because of them nationality. ‘Any Greeks who of~~ Xenmhon E st fall into theirpower, either by shipwreck or any other chance, 4p& I.h, y6p, y¿p = we ank you about the &es became .. . . they are mid to treat with terrible cruelty, because they are Greeks.’ @mv, with &.da. g 98. MKC~,lud &ped,’ wan peat,’ ij~win pres. having perf& force. M KTPOT ANABAZIZ. oup. m. NOTES. 65 subject can wily be su plied fromthe context or the thought. fifty yeam hter in the authda Cf. m-eXOdww, g 17. Eee R. SF. 383. Some editore take it M gen. dep. on Ir $S+ Ck ... vrp~cma8&d~~,pregnant uae of prep., aea note on upoudpmw ‘e projecting headlend,’ divided by xa@v, .’ iii. !a, ovp&aL rls. ‘partitive appdum’ into d hu ... dQ~v.¿ 81 ah+vl T¿ P Iw65 ... . ßa~A~phvTL~~V, gen. hol. canaal, ‘becauae ... .’ 8 e. $p, &K &oúAovzo, 8 7. &pa ¿wopp& in apposition to T¿ $v ., , rnfiror. erplains Qos, adv. MC., lit. ‘in height, where (it is) ht,of ... .’ quav clclr~lrAc~~b.rCc,‘had miled- their hm(Ir) .. . .’ oLufp~,epexegetic, ‘sufflcient for l0,oOO men to live there.’ rokw hpoe, ‘a diffenmt claw from there,’ hepol teking a ‘gen. of oompariaon..’ R. #p.133. 9 4. rh wp¿9 -v, better aa adverbid aco., ‘with a beach m ’ rroxxd Ka\ bydh .+mrv, probabl adverbial ace., cf. ita weate? aide,’ then acc. after bw, ‘having ita wert phnree, rmAQr rpdnerv, eto., lit. ‘were $ring ebundsntly and aide e beaoh. \well,’ i.e. ‘were winning patmcceda. B common Qreek uae of adj. for adv. Thuc. ii. m, 80 5 0.‘ ... dh, of compariaon after Mpa, ‘ the 6, ¿ rwa& 6pph &as. Cf. v. 14, IOcXo&nev, v. 26, drrlm 4s gen. dey after their meeting,’ see TOL~W #Tepor, 8. R. 6yn. 133. *ØWW. TOO x.pCw, lit. under the !omination of h’ &S& Wmo, phraae repeated :gain and again in following v 6 ‘ ’ aeotiona ; hl, ‘on the question of. i.e.commau edb the faatneea’ or ‘pition, &e. the lofty M,already deacrited. Other editora take it M (2) ‘within VFLV,used absolutely, i.e. without object, BC. the mldiera. eaey reaoh of the havd: (3) ‘within the count? snbjeat to the So m 19, 20, below. $ace ’ (Liddell and Scott). eta. For hrKparela m this senae cf. T& bp¿ em, anothe~hrwrrepeated continually in II. vi. 4% 6rwvIR +ir ~017~Cwlrrpanlar, ‘we ahd get away following eectims, the uac signs were forthcoming,’ I wem from the rmoh of theae men.’ there’; others understand iXd, which ia sometimes expresaed, &h... . “This L so much the caae now, thet it is dq; e.g. in v. 8 below. nated by the Tarbs M the Aghaj Denid, or see of trees. ¿dwow, hr., each group, ‘in groupa’ : there would a Ahworth. For an intereatin6 denoription of the country, be aee ’ heap of dealwherever e stand had been made. Kinneir’s Jowr~ythrough AmMinor, pp. 260 foll. dw~prhr,perally in middle in this aenae; here act. denotes . 5 8. T¿ W, ‘mombin,’ ‘hill-country,’ modern KBdlren bare fact of burial, without expresaing any interest of hurial Thgh. rty in their deed. Kruger quotes an excellent paasage from T¿9 &=v, better subject of sauú (Cmr),‘ the --board * $emoath. (43. 57) to illustrate this difference, OOY C p+& ia ... , thm (M Preetor) adv. acc. f hl-, CrayyeXAh ¿ WpupXOS TO% ~podlKOW1 Kai g 7. & I rb ALU^ b yrv6pmov, possibly me * Bdmrv, ‘any bodiea which no one enrea to tske up, let the worda have dropped oat, e.g. xwplov A, em Appendix : but F magistrate kaue ordere the reletiona should take opand the senae ia clear ... , ‘to a pleee whioh might have been turned into a city,’ C ~bpuov=I b &$vero, or 8 C yhro~m. e%.’TO&IK &v 68Ov vbvcv., pregnant conat., see note on iii. 24, Cf. I. i. 10, &S o&rm *eprytv¿puos C T& ~VTLUTWLW~; V. ypplb €IS. ii. 8. 3s BX6vros il* TOÛ xwplou ; vii. 7. 30, Sr vûv p#vvo*ras dr, el o%q I p4 ... , not & becanae indef., and therefore hypo- -.9 thetical, ‘my they did not,’ i.e. ‘ if they did not end any.’ T’ . ’ K~LOV,cenotaph, i.e. an‘empty tomb ’ erected M -.memo of those whoae bodiw were either buried elsewhere

I 66 KWOT ANABAZIZ. OImp. IV. or not found for burial. Thnoydidea (ii. 34) mentiom ano4her ’ me’) rAdou XBh #NOUTOS (Iwhen a ship came in yesterday’: similar token: of reaped,-an empty bier carried in p-on. gen. absol.) ... . h then follows irregularly, eo that the mu- .jeuce is mixture of two conetructions, (1) Bs y¿p ryh #Kowd ‘The word reuordqhv in intaresting U OcOurring ody in ... ruos, KAbrdpor ... &Act ... , and (2) #y& y¿p fowd TWOS, kt Xenophon, uuti? we come ta the writere d the ’ KO(U)), or common dialeot. (Dakp.) See Introd, p. -v. . KACau8p~... pdAAe~... . Thin break in the grammatical con- rtruction in dedAnacoluthon (dv-aKoAouOla : &coAwOla from &B v &miva 5 11. nad h ... , ‘ehould return to the . &uAoMw, ‘I follow,’being B grsmmatical followin , agree- pomtion in whlcrit formerly a,’explained b nal bpxeru ment). Such eantenca are foundeven in writere fm more TOÛS rp6aetp urpaqyoh, landthe former generala ehould : careful than Xenophon. See Introd. p. uxiv. command it’ : which mey be rendered freely (M Dakyne), ‘ehonld reaume its old pomtion under the commend of ita formerenemla.‘ md x6p.v bhria reßular mili hraae for retirin to poeition formerly occup~ed: harenee”B %gurativelyof ‘eufmittlng to their old officere. Pretor *es . .. - it differently ‘that the army should atart homewarde through ¿ppoo-+, the regular title of a governor rent by Sparta to the coontry (or by lpd) in the order in which (BC.reer) it a dependent diatrict : ale0 used more generally (e.g. m V. v. had prevrovly been. 19, of governor sent to Cotyora from mother aty Smope). ambiious, for gdppnor g 19. Kat 48q ~d... , very emphatic, and things h4 b!~~r~d~a:%e meming, ‘medicine’ or %. now reached enoh a pama that men ectnelly came to ... . G Y-inon’ : literally ham drunk a drug, baing in a fever’ : mba) W Ich may menu (1) I wfen under medial treatment for p4 yqvotdvnw p+ not OÛ, becanme conditional, ‘if .l fever’ ; (2) ‘from a draught he hed dykdurin a fever’ ; ... , ... (3) ‘from fever brought on by a Pp1eon ; (4) ‘Lanee he 9 90. mwe&av, BC. na object the soldiere.’ - r 5 41. in the etrong place.‘ 6fantnee~,’ had taken poison whdet in B fever, eto. He wan already hr 9 +p+ cup+, ‘ ill, me above, ii. 18. probably pomtmg to beheadland described above, 8 3-7. Nb,a ointed became he had been Cheirieophue’ ho- to mp+wos,~.vi. 36. :.act, O Pa.‘cried JO outO& thatb, thereBC. waa iurl, no 8.h need. J71 beingOthers equivalent exp& 5 la. piwum. See note on e&ruUo~r,iv. 1 above. M sec. abeol., ‘end out aa if it were not neceeeery.’ 04%~ adverb. m. Oc paxoup. (II mnab ah,lit. ‘M being about to fight (now) if ever at any other time (you fonßht),’ comu!on Greek p& h¿$¿&p, eo in g 25 : lit. oxen from under a wagon’: idiom, our Fngliah to 6ght now if ewer. . d. Herod. IV. 8, T& Crrow TAS h¿700 Epparor repo&as 5,d#w*roO~rar. ‘that the marea Being under the chariot (i.e. in 5 La. M G Wh. &a ir’t[la&p, 5 9, nota. _’ their hamese) had dimppears’ oh&ylyvm. see *€To, g 9, note. , a..*’’ d m b r04q dq, lit. ‘ on the chance that there mi ht be 5 18. ~d ... mpdva~,i.e. Kar, elm/duns dq, uapay- &,mmethingin thie (change),’ ‘thatthe change mist do yelb (aûrbv) ua@u Bs mrvOeau6prov ... . mmething’ or ‘that thfre might beeome favourable token the, act. ho+* (5 la), mid. Ree dranor&mt, i. 22, note. *“(W eome change) now. Cheirieophrre wm known to be -mrioue ta return to Greece. 5 17. wvd8d-, gen. abmol., ‘ when they came togather.’ :g?!:: See note on ScaTipdeu uA~~uTw~,5 3 above. 5 90. 705s &vOpBwws, anticipatoq ace. “hie common idiom% imitated in the English of the New Testament, 5 le. &S ydp iy6 ... . Order of worde, &S y¿p cy3 #KOUU~ “~kk _.’*‘ I know thee, who thon art,” etc. TWOS dd TOÛ ahophou (‘ For an I heard by chance from wme 6a KTPOT ANABdZIZ. map. .m.,. v. 69

fi g how the men were suffering terriblyfrom want.. ..’ ‘hd at eae’ of a Greek soldier WM to getrid of hin k wvoq bopbou, Ian there would be e guide (for them),’ hgspear end shield by di pine the ahield from the left necedy amb’ ; probably the +ye* is theHeraelwt amand letting it rest on tge ground againat the leg, and (not Neon himuKkauee h.is regularly naed in thin way stiaking the spear by the afipap.5 or uaupmfp, the apike nt the of a native guide, and theform of statement mggeab it. lower end, in the ground. When they encemped anywhm, &pnu ... rk 8~o-x~khnb0p See 3dp 3)lUuu. ii. .lo, one or more open BJNLCW within the camp were aele~tedfor nota piling the am,&D to theae npeces sleo the term &h waa appked, ,which may often therefore be tmdated ‘their MXor &W,‘and vessels beaidea,’ or ’tao.’ 6Ahr 8pWh8. Greek does not imply nimilarity in krnd our word othere does. ’-84. T& hl o-rpad,‘of the thinge in camp,’ inetead d wual e*¿ or Cu OY~TO~~~W,a strange nee of id with gen., 8 94. wbrrv, used dbsolutely, i.e. without object : IC. a teohnical and military term, hl #poupiì, on baoty, or suppliea. cf. Satrap of Phrygia Minor the Hellespont oi ddhrov, impd., “ were for, leaving him behind, aa they were darned not to follow ... . p4 U& &ter &UONWXÛUIZI, to revent them from coming.’ 8 8. + owv d ~cipamc,‘the rear of the column.’ See Fot p*, .nee R. SF,330, 334 Jerba which imply a dFd p. xliv. “And when they had brou ht the rear of ,have i&om this implied neption &e expliclt by Introd. in Qreek tke column in a line with (or oppdte) the Ernt bedien that mems of p* expreeeed before the in nitive, which complet= * were visib$, they roceeded to bury dl that the column their meaning. E wvered ... . The ogject of thin dieponition wan to keep the 5 96. W\ +hp, in Engliisa ‘wh suddenly ... .’ + tmop together, so M to be reedy if the enemy &acked, 8d dv AamLcnr. ‘through the thick bdy e amd to save time by doing the work methodically and V. ii. 29; a favourite and somewhat poetice$Ilnd:’ phrane of m* thoroughly. Xepophon. I O. hrrl I... , ‘and when they had buried the first batab g 07. b TO~S &rAo~s, under arms ’ rather then ‘ in the F the moved forwurd and again brought their NUV in a line .amp.’ See Vocab. end v. 3. note. ?+ wi& the firnt of the unburied bodiea ; and no the oontinued to burg in the same way a11 that the army covere2 ... . -. wvrvqxdvm adds &*v, ‘they collected them and L.. buried them (in e common grave).’ CHAPTER V. g 7. wpoayaydrm ...e 13v KU+V~ ‘puehing forward the to tk outside the villep,’ i.e. the outer edge of g 1. bwd+pcuomv fi’... ,‘they cut ofwith e ditch (the only troop of ‘to mide) on which wa~the entrance into the place and they fenced ii they would not venture in. lMppay0yl ‘set to work ofwith a paliethe whole of it ... .’ 5; eeh. G T¿ hr4b &TL ... ,cf. drana ... hp, iii. 18 (W),note. 8 9. &AVah. See i. 28, &&bu, notee. W.. 5 a. T¿ hAa T~-TSL. Mid. is indirect reflexive mid. R. ‘MS ‘under cover of,’ ‘within reach of Syn. The Greek heavy-mued soldiere, whenever they their be.1s 8 190. -IW\ (Eat&m,EnEliah. ‘wkn mddenlr.’ Cf. above. iv. 28. halted, immediataly piled their apeare and shields, and did not mnme them till the halt wa8 over. Even io reviewq, or ‘when bolting More .attaobg the enemy, the ordiuav -

60. ETPOT ANABAEIE aup. v. NOTES. . 61

I ‘advancin in line’ (further developed in reray. ds¿ QdAqyas), O(. Some editors take whole Greek amy, IlIl d01rg a peering over ’ : tr. ‘moving along and crentinq an$ certein hiU& facing them, mersballed in line of battle ... . For #&y[, E- Introd. p. xlii., xliii. word, ‘the vanguard,’ fxotys dp GGV~ALV, with their force,’ & ‘their reapeatire forceE. 8 14. &AA’ h... , abrupt opening, aee i. 31, note. $ 8. W&, see note on iii 18 (16), mOop+. wpofev+wm ... , ‘you know that I have never introduced +yu, see below, 5 21, note. ‘my danger to you willimgly.’ T&. as a spb[rror does e friend or client. The Proxenus answered pretty nearly to our Consul, lyhrcro ,. . ltdd .. . , the victims were favourable et the first nt, &+dent, differing however in being always a member attempt’ 6yhero raAd, contrast io. 8 above. with %e fo n state in which he resided, not of thet which be $ O. hwdfadub .. . Uxow *RU, to ettach to the main -en2 The verb ~rpo&O in senoe of introducing or body Mme ying compapie8, m order that, if there be need pmmending one person to another, -p. for business pur- at mypoint, there me be troops reedy to dst the main pea, ie fairly common, e . in Demoath., Plato, etc.: in the body .. . .’ Adxow +LKW,companies to guard the main tregic poets it often us$ m here, in fi ative Bense ; from body : cf. vaûs #fikWas, Thuc. ViÜ. 73. them perhaps Xenophonborrowed it. Bdoúaov with gr, dj. for adv., see d#Oowor, iv. 4, note; EO often bpevor, #KW, 5 10. wpowatde .. . , ‘do yon then,’ said he, ‘ lead forward the van straight et the foe, thet we may not be standing ,&W, etc. etill, now that werebeen seen byend neen our advernsriea ; 64qs ... rk &v8 edwp, ‘reputation aeregwds (i.e.’for) war- and I willfollow after detuchin !he hindmoat com niea in me courage ’ : cf! II. d 30, ds@&v ahoh ipdpqkm, ‘blamed the. wey that you beve decide% +v I?& -roh L&, &em (LB regards friendship’; and cfsT¿ 8~r~vororciuOcrc,~~.17(14). BC. &W, lit. along the way towards ’ or against the foe.’ Cf. Mptdqs, not found elsewhere in Attic : see Introd. p. xliv. V. iv. 10, *v dMv +y+Jovrat. Xenophon, es UE~,comm8nds ” g 10. wpo(k)lolr(vwo T¿ &AI 4 p~do~,agreea with the mar, poat requiring exceptional akill and activity. e S understood, subj. of hm: ‘to march against the foe s 11. & mh.. . , ‘after this they advanced quietly, whilst *&h mna advanced, or, with =E reveraed, to watch the he, heving detached three wmpnnka, the hindmost ones, con- bemy aa he esmils (ua) from our rear.’ For rpopaA. see note sieting sf 200 men =ch, instructed the first (dp@v) to follow on slr rpoßoA4w, 5 25 below. behind on the right, at the distance of ebont 100 feet ; ._.the B’’‘8 17. ofileu\ KIA$ kbltr, better (1) neuter, ‘hm nothing next (+p M) he set aaid: behind the centre, to follow there ; lorioua ehout it,’ lit. Iis like nothing glorious’: than (2) mssc. and one behind the left. +- tor), balancing KW~OUL, ‘is characteristic of no honoumble qwxob, adj. for edv., cf. iv. 4, d#Oovor, nota 2. b.’ myov. Note the’aat., but rmyeúde, 5 10. *.. lobrour, anticipatory acc., emphatic, taken up by a&ro6s, sr-bas for these fellows ... expect them ... ,’ see iv. ¿vOpr3rous, *M!,, ‘p regular of 2 Mor, 200 men. Introd. P, p. xxxvlu-U. ,..;!?te. M Sb && M 79 h,phrsee varied : in firat. MC. with ’. ..hrhv4@v ... qfis, for use of gen. absol.. where one of verb of motion,. ##CrruOat; in aecond, dat. with Cxhprurr and fta terms appears in a’ different cage in same sentence, cf. .!redat ia added explenatorily. L ii. lï, Bamov C~~O~~WTWV8pbpo~ &+WO 70% urpartdwatr, (LB dp ph, .. &dmbvms,a common construction rad abeurr. heir pace quickened the soldiers broke into a run.’ so ‘sccording to Berne,’ with nonna of multitude. . . RI. ii.Ze, ipb retOo&vw, kavodr chìpis ... . 82 KTPOT ANABAEIZ. OmQ. v. NOTES. 8s

5 re. T¿ Q ... pdxdu~,T¿ qdifiee whole clew which ia . hrL T& &par, ‘at the very gaten of Hellaa,’ en elretarn mbj. of @W (&m),‘ but that, by thun crossing it, troops. when h erbole or rrxeggerated erpreasion, ueed eeveral times by ebout to eupge, ehonld pka difficult ramm in their reer, &ophm. 88 ßadhwen a fevourite eastern phrase, d. 4 not edvmtege worth graeping at‘ IThe Yublime at Conshtinople. ..I then (m seizing)? ---=Il Sapmas, emphatic by @$on; might tr. “if the renult of 5 a#. $yeJredicetive by its position, ‘follow Hersela crossing is to ... is not thin ... ? 88 your gm e or ‘+-Act, WÜ 16 above. p+ VLK~,not 06 beeaase hypotheticsl, a if we do not con- , dVopam1, ‘ cheer sach other on m.’ quer,’ ‘except in victory we have no .. . .’ bar fisb =L, ‘sweet were it eurely b some brave and noble word 8 T& reletive ettrwtion for T& MAww xuplww l@. &v, or deed thin dey (uûwy) to leeve tle memory of onedf in the (L l3Lawm. heerta of those among whom one fein (would be remembered).’ h++, BC.h~, lit. ‘how will _..be mnmble,’ i.e. ‘how Mwa and wobfpa? qual. eabj. of *a&cw, which is indef., am the lain be cd... how can the mounteine (*&,ad, BC. for one to leave .. . . 4v ob= 6u TO~OLSdr, or iv ob for p,jpv ha)wgich we traverd, if all theme peltnab follow ne. Note mxpcX.w redly equale p4p.r)~Karaklsew. c¿ p4 vurtjuo~,fut. indio., ‘ unlese we do conquer.’ eonfrssted with eimple I)u .. . C#&*WWT~L. See note on iii. 12, droAoû*ra. g 40. W, pregnant une of prep. See iii. 24, ru* cis, note. kt dv Sgdv +mv av, pregnant um of pre . Cf. iii. 24, note, rup&ar ch. Pro~e;~lythe ordinary worx of command dm ~b dum, thin use of indef. m efter a word like duos wan “Cd &pou rh ¶, ehoulder mme. M very oommon in Greek. 8 ax. l+, .&yu from ~WS.+va, signe from move- qptvor, ea. ¿ uaAtrrymjs, the trumpeter, “nntilthe menh of obvot, eugariee from flight end position bumpeter sounded the eigd.” Verba which imply their vlctune. own eubject, e.f hjpu&, the herald proclaimed,’ xoAlkr, ‘a of W. aftnot, me ebove, i 23, note. ‘ delay ocoum,’ ~dAr~y&,‘ the trumpeter mmded,’ regularly 8 Sa. KJ h, end he.’ TU demonehtive um of the omit it. pm. h, common in Homer, survives in a few e~preeai~n~in Attio prone, cf. the P1eton;o $8’ dr! ‘ end he mid ’ ; Ka1 8s and rk wpdoA+p K-, SC. T¿ abpma, ‘having lowered them ud d, end he,’ ‘end t+ey ; and IP the oblique wes Ir @W for the charp.’ ds pp0 f Ka8hac, rpOßdAAo~r, etc., the ...Ir @ ate need eometlmea for ¿ $v ... ¿ ad. nhield.technicel EW, milltery eh., terms wu brnught8“or the poeition in readinem to which for anyaction. weapon d du? gen. depandimg on ú, ‘et whetaver part of the f *poßaAo&uous, 5 I6 above, rpoßaA¿pwm T¿ hhz, I. ii. 17, etc., revine 80 iv. I,el trou Gr @Aayyor. ... . III. ... OppOeed to praßdAAopa, 5 16 above. ehov *, Eng. order ofiw +p T¿ mp. ~~rereawou dlv W. 8pb ?LKW, M) &%OKW VIL quick advance: depbou (‘ mm ’) repu, I) cí in ii. ZO, of would more quickly themmeha aqudZmta a run.’ CE+ KaTh dp y#. 6 see Not found in ita of 3, KddV. prea!cetive, thet the position he occupied wen an &p+.- Voceh. pbq &cellent one. ‘ nnmndmg, but U$ unwmmon in later writem in miliky .sr- 5 90. kAlvratw, for enbj., BC. d“EAA.r)va. Note the buses aewe of deplo hg, i.e. extending from column formation l *I. through t in pansage. See notee on 8 above. into line of murd depth, or defiling,’ Le. merchimgoff in he dl ii. ~~ ~. file by íle, ’ ¿hAaawe,dAaAd&, I cry MaAd, (the Donc fnrm IV. iii. 5 98. & &op0 ..: ,a piom phraae, a favourite with IS and here ; like &Al&, I cry CXCACÛ, V. ii. 15), the war-cry Xenophon ; ~VO~Sboashg. S, vi. 32 .. Wlth whioh they ruehed into battle:-contraet the rardu hymn L; 1: 84 KTPOT ANABAEIZ. amp. v., m. rwp W-l%. NOTES. or prayer befowlmttle and efter victorg end on other oncadone. 0 a. K~T~~WL,opb. of indd freqnenq. &e note on hauiutaw, i. 6. FrVOr, ‘&8yed m h =b.’ : &wh, adj. for Sdv., eee d#Bovm, iv. 4, note.. wawv, received,’ ‘ got,’ ‘appropriated fi PI. 6arlwbfev ... ,wmewhat poetical word, common in ’ &&b. opt. of indef. frequency. poetry, in prom? only in Herod., Xen. end (leter) Pluterch. t8ofwI ‘it wea voted ta br’ kadvrpv, we note on ~&~&taav,i S. 0 a. n,Tuned ehl. without object, m. va¡%, ‘put in g 98. &S &Upe, conaidering their small numbem : to land. n this nenee the mid. ie more common, but cf. only ahut 40. %e U. l6 sbve. ma~o~p,V. i. 11. nd’ I, ‘ oppite,’ ‘over againat,’ ‘ facing which.’ 0 4. mX&r T& &SP$W,‘WBIIcolonizing the piece,' or c tu- 0 80. &m&~wav ph, 8- 81 .. . , ‘tired though they the lece inh e cltp. TO- is an Ionio word used for the were y& th determined ...I. ,This form of expression by mg& Attio d&~. It ia found in Homer,Herodotus, whici, inad of a principal and e dependent chue, two ’ Herid, and lete writem, e.g. Sbbo, Plutsrch, Appian, etc. principal cleueea m nad, ib celled Parataxie md.b~pecielly &TL Mor mes,in Eng. ‘what they muet do to .pin oommon in poetry. -na, in thie fi stive senne, in a hie friendahi 80 IV. ii. 3, 3)v #&L Laßdwar *ph 7¿ apelov favourite word with Xenophon, probably Eueepoetid. ¿rg.rrPrv, w&b they murtcroee to aecend the steep ground.’ bawa~vm,‘recover ooumge and etop to 5 6. ah T¿ +OS,eee iv. 5 above, g bill country,’ ‘upland.’ reet.’ dmoQms 1.4 *&&v, ‘in their apprehension that they 8 al, iplw 8wq, m ewiftly M though ... .’ kodd be d rived of them.’ &VG takea conetr, of e verb of I, refere fo whole preceding &F, ‘ end thm fact ... .’ fearing, eeex Sm no. wpoauerpdwovm Guóupvre, fome of rp-,‘turned +e 8s haCBPO, facta given in V. i. 16. Dexi pus hed been mm from thepurmit, or ‘tmned amde bqfm st appointed to oommend the firnt penteconter tLt the Cfreeke and gsve up the purmit’ lleeured from Trspews, but he tre8chemu8ly went off with it. +~LOY, 8 tro by, monument of enemy’e defeat (rpomj), In VI. i. 32 we are told how he traduced Xenophon to ansXi- conaiethg propor& of ahielde, helmets, emour, weepone, .. biu, the aperten hid,end in tbie cbspter how he eeta taken from the enemy end hung upon upright pte or trees. Clemder qminat the Greek army end Xenophon, end how ’ Cleander learnß the truth about him from : in i. It WUE dedicated to L3r T~OT~OSend became aecred and A h V. invíoleble. To permit m enemy to eet up euch L trophy on 15 how, hevinp become involved in nome medrng in Thrace * et the court of Sentbee, he wsn put to death by Nicender, the the field of battle wm e ddnof defat. Q apartan. 8 6; T¿U &pmígovm, note the prwent, ‘the men,who tried to... , for attempt waa not wdul,‘ the culprit. 5 7. qya,

krnKaMvms, generally ¿O~OK~&Vof calling by B bad n-e. . . dv..poWrqv, force of article ie the wdt knoron traitor ’: trand. ‘ahouting out “You traitor, you tmitor,”’ cf. Xen. W.111. fi 4, ¿uanaAoûms 7¿9 ei-epy&qu, r¿u dw8pa 7b dyaedv. Page m-al. , NOTES. 67

note pnt, the fashion of.’ Kai 8’ I and even Cleander begm Mœ, W-, ta ... ,’ ... , ’that he (sa roh) ought to surremder note imperfect : so i~hAvor,next neotion, ‘tried to ... .’ hi% =&der Lo judge (or for judgment),’ ph added 5 8. bn O&& dq +y* p cc n’&mit &ta; ’that it wu arplenstorily. nothing,’ ‘the diaturbance meant nothiig,’ mbj., dlb &W\ 8( ... , 8 cornmoll UMOf 6L in 8pOdO8iS, @Vhg emphesis pred. where there ie 8 certain antithemebetween pmtgsis and *dab, sec. and inf. after aCTrw, ‘wna the C8me In tmdation omit it, or tr. by ‘yet,’ ‘after that ... ; it fds under thechas of infini$!en which 8re FP? ndded b d&e or explain : nee Index. under Infinitive.’ i 8 18. WphVlb . mbq- eqIldS NpbCU Kd,rOb%Ut, ‘I fi g O. 3r mkphus, ‘an Mgpublic ene.mie8.’ surrender mynep to Cleander to iry me and do with me what- ; ever he wiahes. . dfow& ... (kror, ‘go in aefety to.’ Pregnant : nee uoe4.a E&, 5 23 below. Note change from imperSt. roAep&c to ! optative (of prayer). O-UPßw- -.. ‘select and send with me certain ’ of youraelren wh????+v aMv, ‘partitive genitive,’ dep. on b8pm or Twas nndemtood the mteoedent of drmes. g 19. b ¿+a+ bJ)p h¿‘Apolov, ‘the men who had been pmed by Agaaia~.’ 5 PO. h(hcwi W ,. . , ‘they requast you, if you 6nd fault with dl, to yournelf judge (them all) and deal with them in whetever way you lease; or, if yon 6nd f8ult with 8 ßingle individual, or two of them, or even eeveral, they expect these to murrender themselves to you for judgment. If therefore .. . .’ kh, reqneated at time they ment us ; the Eng. pm. tenae beet mpre~antsit. 8 al. Tdw,with gen. of pernon robbed and WC., ‘reacued t s man from Dexi pun, when carryiyhim off ... .’ Contrast dtpcrA¿p~r,$14, wid ace. of person rob ed. atpk ... . COMtz. is &a dl&r~w,dpeeh ... , KU^ d+o6+a KJ upo6bvm ... . I know that Dexippue,when $oeen .. . , both ran away and betrayed .. . .’ Partmip. conetr. dter ona. *. 5 aa. 4s ... , rehtive nth8Cted from Bcc. into caee of . autecedent.

‘6, d hi ‘ 88 far a8 upon him,’ =F (D&yns.) m%, depended adverbial BCG. Cf. Xen. Cyrup. V. iv. 11, T¿ h’ 41141 Ofxop1, Tb 6& hlU01 UiUWupaL. 4 t‘. 68 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. map. VI. ! Fago alm. NOTES. 69

wdfpa~rk ... , pregnmt um of prep., nee nob on iii. 24, ’’ 8 aa. &&mor,plur., ‘&h clam,’ viz., Dexippus snd hia ru* and rc5mer km, vi 18. sort, A+ and his sort. Cf. iv. 9, ~~UTOUS. &+eAdpqv, with sin le MC., ‘robbed him (of hia prey).’ a4. vat ld m.&, Lsconian for Bed, by the twin goda,’ Contraet ¿qkX6pm, (1 81. i.e. Castor and Pollux, Spartan oath : the Attic val T& e& 94. T& d,pregnant UEE Of p-. for dXXOS TIS meant Demeter and Persephone. roû T& rap& rd, see note on iii. 24, uu&@ als. $y+ropw, ‘I will leacl you &-th,’ i.e. out of this country, ’ vdpac.. . &uomívw, with pertieiple me,,generally with m er thmn (as Pretor) out of your troublea. So in Q 36. id.: be aseured ... thst you are kdling ... . Note tame, &P&L tbív ... , ‘ ere different from (the tala) which I used prea. not fut. b hear about Borne of you, that ... .’ +&v ìvb,togdher. g 98. va, m mual without b in a d. of cond. sen- Some editom, however, take Jvlwv with dxowv, I nsed to tence : verb, most1 imply‘ neces- h- about YOU fimn certain &e ... . dty, pFpriety! obligation, anzthefke, are emplog in the 5 a6. &L, poetical word, see Introd. p. xxxiv. : hW = apados~sof thm form [of cond. mentence, vie. pra. end pant, ylyw-rar, ‘the sacred eigne are not forthcornln to me, to lead non.fulfilment] without b,e.g. @EL, &v, rpo+av, &fi,dUv forth’ (dl-, see &(~opur,g 34, note). %e inf. &iyerv T’ C, and verb& in -T~Vwith qv.” R &m 282. r,psxegetic or explmatorp. For kppb TEXL~EL,see tphrmo, iv. ’ dpe reverts to Or. Rect., frequent ohange in Qreek. + 8 #web,‘ob& hi8 deserta’ (Dakyns.) Cf. kdm,i.e. to By~antium *Y 8-31. v. 30, ‘he haa got him deeerts.’ g 87. &a0ipvo~,better ‘having d+d of’ (lit. set out Q 91. d&dm 6ydm: ‘that it is for doing aaythiog for de), a common sense of mid. m Xenophon, than as wrong that I wn arrested. da. ie emphetic; note the Dakp ‘having made divieion of.’ P=t. g ae. o&&vl, neat., ‘no plunder.’ g Ob. T¿ *... , ‘might get hie &are and prererve #xovd~m, see i. 17, note. their booty....’ r08pd~vh-m, ‘having turned sharp round.’ -v, m verba& cov~m!,mmmt&n lmw, Doric word : hm& ie regular word for turn? round quickly to elude hence the famous ordimcm of L curgas et Sparta were nmit or attack, ‘double back. %y this manoeuvre (sepe celled MP. Here used for the or& &pz. e hacmicheel) they caught the Bithynians, who had got with their cattle into rear of Greeks, thin- the danger past. ,g90. ow-, act, ‘advid them,’ see banwarat, i 22, note. kmh,‘on the &th day.’ From Cdpa to Chryeopolis . wan about 80 milea. ’ mpampophuq .. . , (men) to inbrcede for... .’ Xp-w, modern Scutari (Torkm call it Uskddh), on 8 ao. ++am,agreeing with ahks understood, the sub- dsiatlc coapt oppite Constantinople (Byzantinm), forming of 6oeat. When the prinoi al verb on which the inf. ’* jest a a depends governs e dab., and tie subject of the inf. now practically suburb of that city. streb0 calls it is dpq (village or unwalled town), but it has always a omitted bemuse it refers to the same person or thii aa the been f~ place of im rtance ydnow has a PO ulation of 35,000. The dat., thep the prticipla, adjectives, etc., which quaby this ~ neme ‘I &Ken City by Denia of f&tmtium derived from omitted subject may be either in the det.or the MC. in ~ the fed that the Peraians used to gather there the tribute of ramrrívev, 5 al. non-Attic word, conhed in the pmae A-. their subject towns; by others from Chryeee, eon of Aga- EM of the claseic period to Xenophon, Introd p. uriv. ’ memnon and Chmie who wee buried there. See Aine- 4 89. dvW@ hob, EW v. 23, note. m*, P?xavdshLk m. II' 70 . KTPOT ILNAEAZIE. -p. VI., p. M. dp KOXxq8ovhs, 'in Calchedonb,' local genitive. R. Spa. 87. KakxqW (or lean correctly Xdqdorh; the former ia found on coine and in the best PBB.of Amdotus and Xeno- phqn, and other writem ; hut at an early data the latter form euperneded it), dietrict of KtzA~?&w, modern &digo& in Bithynia, opposite Bymntium, coloninedfrom Myra, 676 VOCABULARY. 111 , B.O., for a mg time the mont importentfrontier ortrere of the Peraim kingdom. ..

72 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. VOCABULARY. 13

dm, a, W, , guilty of, UAœs, a&. [aXXos], in another muse of, wit9 gp; at'rros way ;MAWS *WS, iv. 2, in any TOhW vi 15 other way ; OPK Ilv dMwr &$q in thde pzp: yeuhBat, vi. 10, he said it TLVM atr., i. ZO, i. 28, the could not be otherwise, i.e. 8Uhl' (W ineknment) Of it must be m... . some bldg. (wo), v. &P. W.; alrdaop+ etc. [ahfa, fSalt], I allege M the cam, aocume, bleme. apu, &v., at once, at the &ne time, simultaneously; ¿pu ah6 (€W), v. a., +ow, alr&w, v. a, @tua, I gather 6 etc reg., I MIS for, demand ; ther : Pm.,assemble. *&I, at daybreak, v. 1, iii. Meace., ii. 4; d I a& 6. With prtàciplea, $p for, obtain by requemt. ro~udpvocdpíxov~o, iii. S, beg, fought whilst advancing, 01, a4 Calw4, kept up a running 5ght ; *a:bken bythe plv ... Spa U, both ... and ... l wr,captive. go% T& alr at once ... end .. ~A~wv,i 4, Mune of the . oaptured cattle. hipuos, W, O#., unmired : dermed : of rsoopl, not hitherto engaged, fresh, v. 9. b-rívEiivoq, W, *., without dan r; drwlw&narov,v. ZS, m,OUJ *B vine. the Lt dmgerous course. lAprp~~c,a@. , belonging hcowQœ, v. R [&W, javelin], to Ambracia (district on west I hurl a javelim. of Northern Qreece), Am- h19d, W-. ia*l. braoiot, iv. 13. a lave III thrower. 8ee %.m.with ace. [&@W, Inlzod., p. XL mbi-1, on both aida bb,V. a,¿K06UOw, qKOUUa, of, about, of place, time, m .&dKm, ~KOW~O- number; d dw &V+VT+ pu, I heer, listen to, a.or üì 24, Xenophon and hm gen. ; heer from, gn 00s troops ; 76 kW& Et~OY, hlwv *ow, vi. 34, (talea) vi. 1, the confined them- which I heard from mme. selves to tLown mcems. bp, ou, T¿, hbhest point, &v., at another the. Cq€l¿v¿Ml ro$Tov Tbxp6vov, hei ht ; 76 brp, iii.116, the 1wore Ka1 -6, iv. 12, now iii. 25, pretty nearly about hie% top (of the hilb). K ever. thin time. VOCABU'LARY. 7s dvastage)worth aeizing; + duau reîpar, vi. 33, seaigu (to each) his due. dd&, ¿, a man. Like q6 (ou), v. a,I think worthy, right; I expect,claim, de- mmd. aros, rd, reputation ; %Xiateem. bra-, v. a., I bring back news, report: umwer (a demand). &W-+, v. a., I T off, convey away, dnve off. Yid.,remove (theirfamilies), vi. 1. b.rr-oxxdm, v. a. and R., I set free. Mid. and Pass., I take my departure, take leave of them, ii. 16; drahyels o-rprciìs, ii. 16, being quit of the expedition. kw-wdm, v. n., +W, I meet, confront, encounter, ofim in &t.hostile senec, gm..m& with K*, aua, i,adj. [dpa, râr], dl together, one and ell. lw-qu, [elpl, I am], I am away from : dreo-rar, vi. 10, he will akuthimself. lw-qu, v. n. Cap, I shall go], +a, I M going or ahall go away, go back, retire,retreat. md &au drttvar, iv. 11, note, retarn to their former @tion. a, QI, a@., worthy. 6i*-rlprm, I am weary, tired. h p.,deserving of, vi As pl: of dr-ay+. @QI dprduu, V. 18, (m drw-ehbm, v. a.' I dnve off. VOCABULARY. 76 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. 77 ámp& (cw), v. n., I am inwumt 'ApqSlrv, Arexion, Arcadian áw-Epxopab, v. n., I goback, ~wOLKoS,oU,~(Sc.s66XlS),aCOlOUy, away, set retire, with- 1. in ditficulties ; fail ill finding, seer, iv. 13, v. 2. go off, ii. with gen., i. 11 ; mid., I atr draw ; àrepx. xwpls, vi. 2, hwO-Kkdr, 11. a., 1 Shut Out in despair, perplexity. ápercrrcpds, d, 6v, left. Cu dpu- go off apart. from. repi, on the left hand. &Opphe, GYOS [dHOp&UUpt], áw-r-Cxo, v. n., I amdistant ~TO-K~&O~~L,v. dep., oùpar, I adj., broken off, abrupt: Bp~mov, ou,. 76, origidly (Homeric tamea) the morning from. Mid., I hold aloof reply, answer. steep ; rhpa às., iv. 3, rock) from,decline (commander- meal, breakfast, taha at ùwo-mlvo, a.,-KT&, -CKrcrua, precipice. ship). àsq. fis 'EAXdr8or, vi. v. srmrisa ; later ( TlmeydidrA) -ÉKT~YOY, -CK.rova, I kill,put ùwo-uKtSávvüpL, -$m, v. a., l 14, tobe exclude(! from to death. the midday meal, our lunch, Greece. scettcr abroad ; 703s ~TOUKC. E'r. déjeuner, Lat. prandium, áwo-KTíwüpL, II. a.,in per. ad Baurup4uous,i. 1, thestragglers. thesarly hreakjmt 11ci1ycalled àw+av, imper$ HEW. imperf., L kill, put to dcatb. áwo-mup8 (ow), v. a., I fencc dh-pánupa. ámol8 (EO), n. distrust ; v. I I off with a palisade, v. 1, bprm8 (aw), n. [+w~ou, disobey, refuse obedience to, àwo-rœkúo, v. a., I hindcr W. áwo-msp8 (cw), v. a., I rob of; breakfaat], +pluVaa, 13, from. -+m, am disloyal to, vi. note. àHE~Ep~KapEv,double ace., +píur~~a,breakfast ; +pru79- ùwo-Adlw, v. a., leave, leavc I Lw¿, prep with pen. [Lat. ab], I vi. 23. has, v. 21, after a good from, away from, of place or in lurch, desert ; p+ àroXeí- scuOar CpGv, áwo-m+p&, v. a., I fence ofl breakfast. time. ¿H¿ roû alrropd.rou, iv. notto be left with a ditch (rágpos), v. 1. 'Apwás, daos, ò, an Arcadian, a 18, bychance; cúOùs dg' behind by' (be farbehind) you ; àrdrr6vras &S SXCO~OV, àw+íryr, v. n., I fly away, native of 'ApKa8la, a diatrict Caripar, iii. 23, immediately in the centre of the Pelopon- after sunset. v. 11, at a distance of about escape, retreat. a plethrmn. nese. àwo-palvu, v. n., I disembark. áwo-xœpB (m), v. 71., I go away ádMüpL, U. a., -OX&, -dXcua, from, retreat from. ip~8(cw), v. n., I suffice, am ám-páAAo, v. a., I throw away, -ohhkKa, -wX6p9w, 1 dCStrOy sufficient, enough. +K. lose. +dOüpos, ou, 4.,not eager, utterly ; mid. and 2 pqf., backward. cbqlav, i. 4, sufíiciently ¿+K. uka, á~O-8t[KVUpb, v. a., I point out, -bXwAa, I perish, am ruined. "I plentiful feast. show forth ; I introduce, vi. apa, illative particle, then, M- ïv. 6, tigs in abundance. áwo-Ab, v. a., 1 loose from ; cortlingly, as it seems, ach- 4. App+q, Ilote. &H. ùpas rljs aidas, VI. 15, ally, after dl : oflell ironical: Harmene, i. 15, áwo-IEXopaL, v. dep., I receive I absolve you from hlxnle ; E~K~TWS6p, iv. 18, naturally hppocr+, OÛ,;, a harmost, (Spar- from, accept. ~~OAEAU~!VO[dip, vi. 16, you enough. tan) governor, iv. 18, note. would be absolved. &~O-GL~~LUK~,v. II.,-8p¿uopac, &pä, intemg. vtiele(strength- hpdtr, 7). n., 1 seize, snatch -&par, I run away, I escape áwo+ú opab, v. n., I fi@t enerlJorm of dpa), intmdwing up, plunder, loot. from. With WC., iv. 8. from3fight off from, decline, a qwrtion, theannwer to ipx4, ;is, 3, beginning, rule, ámSllq~~,v. a., I give back. refuse, ii. 6. which ix not implied, Lat. -ne. satrapy,ofice, generalship, ¿w0-6palqpw, 1 plur. aor. opt. ùwo-Ala, v. S., -sAcúuopar, ek, dpa p+ ezpeets the answer no, command. àp. 705 rau&, àro-l~8ppd~~w,run away. I sail away, sail back again. Lat. num; dpa OÚ, the answer ii. IS, absolute authority. yes, L&. nonne, is not ... ? áwo-Ov{uKr, v. n., -Oavoûpar, ámplq as, 9, difficulty, per- Ypxo, v. a. with gen. Act. only, -76Ov9rra, -IOavov, I die, am plexity, despair, distress. 6,p.ptTfi, +S, 3 [cf. LUTO TOS, Oiplwv], I rule, command, hold sway killed, am put to death. (Lmopos, OY, adj. [b-sbpos, path], virtue, bravery, merit, good- over, am chief of, lord over, neee. ~~WOLKOS,ou, 6, colonist, i. 15. impracticable, impomsible. undertake command of. Act. 78 KTPOT ANABAEIZ. VOCARULARY. 79

alld middle, I begin, I set an .+Ads, OÛ, 6, pipe, flute : .see a+xfiv. iuos, 6, neck, of a prc examplc of. ¿p[ápwos ¿S¿ .. . , i. 11, Ilote. sp¿sQINV, i. 5, nzontory, iv. 3. ii. 18, setting otFfrom. $p~ero to the sound of the pipe. á+-arpQ (CO), pl. a., see ~ip6, id T¿ uuvrrLpEAeh%L, i. 22, rÙAQ (EW), v. II. and a., I play take away, withdraw. Mid. Ilote, wastirst appointed to on the pipe or tlute. Pans., l takeaway for myself, joint command of ... . QÙAOLÍ~EVOL,being played to, rescue. 6 ¿ØarpcOcis àv$p, vi i. 11, note. ßábp, d~.,Btep by step, at a dlppv, OVTOS,6, (part..fr. dpxw 19, the rescued mm. 6 &$CAÓ steady pace, slow march. m subat.),&ruler, commander, r~pwv, ah., to-morrow. riì pevos, VI. 10, theman w111 general. ¿PX. eúrortpárwp, i. dp.(SC. +p&), next morning. rescued(the prisoller). ÒK ßdeos, Oos, depth. p., 21, commander-in-chief. voûvrco p? àØarpetJCîw, vi. 5 in depth, ii. 2. LÙTLKQ, adv., immediately, pre. bc fearingthat thcy would ßah, v. IL., ß+sOpQl, !@v, àd8svQ (CO), 17. n., I am weak, sently. aúrka pdX~,ii. 5, deprived of them. í34uw and €ßqua (transotaae, sick, in ill hcaltl~. at once. @00vïa, QS, Q, abundance poetic&, make to go), ßE&KQ, 'Ada, Q, Asia. epgq 4 (v rho-lcpárrup, opos, adj., one's TOAX+ r¿urwv àg., vi. 3 ß'!ßQpQL, ißBdBqV, 1 welk, go. ri 'A., Asietic Thrace, iv. 1. ownmnater. dpxwv dm., i. ample abundance of supplie8 '?J. b., ßde, €ß&v, 21, commander-in-chief. of all sorts. ßá&O, 'Arrvaios, ov, adj., of Asine, iv. ßiPAw, ß4%par, lßA4@?v1 11, towneither on coast of rh&pämr, 7, ov, adj., acting U+Oovos, OP, adj.,without envy I throw, hurl (javelin, stonc, Laconia or of Messenia. of oneself. ddroûahopáTou, abundant,plentiful, iv. 4, etc.), pelt with stones, stone. iv. 18, without spccislly seek- note. ~UKÓS, OÛ, 6, aleathern hac, ßau'ix&, Cws, king. With- ing it, by chance. *-+L, v. a., +W, etc., I scncl 6, mostly of goat skirr., yelLerully away, release, set free. out nrtiek, theKingof Persia, used M a wine skin. 167óS, 4, b or bv, drnz. pon.: in the Great King. nom. rejexive, self : in other á+lKUOûpr (CO), II. dq.,-&J~QL, dlup~vos,q, OP, adj. [4aopr], -1~6pqu, -+pal, I arrive at, ßA.rhv, ov, adj. axed ax romp. glad, pleased, gladly. ca.qex, him,her, it. QÙT¿S of dyaObo, better, braver. àXeEdds, vi. 9, peraonally corne to, reach. ßla, QS, +, bodilystrength, áod~opaL,v. dep., I welcome; allnoyed. repì QÚTOÛ rohou iclwqpr, I-. (nee hqpr),Tram. force. ßlq Táuxerv, vi.25, I embrace, kiss. Ofidat, ten.crew, make to stand apart. iv. 17, sacrificed I suffer violence. faOS, Q, shield. obout this particular point. ¿$IUTQTC,vi. 34, you try to ò ahòs or a+&, the same : withdraw allegiance of (OT BLaros. Q, OP, adj., violent. àrgMfis, is, adj., safe, assured. rio raúrbv d$lrrovro, iii. 24, alienate)thearmy. Rtr. lIXAou rrv¿s Braiou, vi. 15, any á-r~~Qs,acla.,safely,insafety,arrived at the sameplace. temes,I remove(myse1f)from. other sort of violence. n~~molested, in all security. EIE TQ~ÒV ihb%PrQo, iii. 17, d+oSos, ou, Q, departure,re- B~hol,Bv, ol, ßithynians, na- àTUOS, OV, LU.& [O~TTO], un- withunited forces. r7js Eis treat. tiyes of Rithynia, di.qtrict in buried. TQÙT~V uuvbSou, their meeting. 'Axads, ai, bv, m?i.,Achaean, nmtlh of Asia Afinor,ii. 17,etc. &m, see under Gure. ah& b âvqp or 6 bpp ahis, belonging to Acllaea, dintll'ct %os, ou, d, life, livelihood. ßíou the Inan himsclf. if QI'TDU as, adv., again, on theother in north of Peloponnese, ii. 7, uráver, iv. 8, from want of T& XEL~BV,iii. 4, from theif in its turn. ii. 4, v. 11. suhsistence. hand, veryhands. h' QÚT~ rg a3Ors, adu., egain, mother time. Odárrg, onthe very shore 'AXEPOUUL~S.dSos, .Am.. nn'j., 4 3oqOG (EW), V. II.., I advance to 'AX. X~ppdvquos,thc Acheron- rescue ; with dat., go to a-jAlgoprirr, V. n. [QÚA~, court. of the sea. Adr. ahû, in I yard], military, I encamp. this veryplace, here, there. tian or Acherusian Cheraon- assistance of, hasten to Pacue ese, ii. 2, note. of, go forth to aid. K R0 YOCARUTARS. SI

NtO6qs, ES, adj, [yí¡, c~~os],earth- ßwhnir, v. a., I plan, devise, Strmo-aoroûpar (CO), I:. mit/., like : iv. B, with loamy soll. I counsel ; mid., 1 take counsel dine, sup, aee &ITV& with myself, deliberate, con- ri,Gr, +,land, earth, soil ; rapà sult with or upon, consider, y+, ii. 1, along the coast. AapSavvtús, hws, 6, e mm a Sam& (m), e.. n. reg., I cat Dardanus, tom h P'road dinner,supper. [T¿ 6eRvov resolve p flyyopar, n., yev+uopar, Y+- v. N. V. of Asia Minor, i. 32. 11mthe principal meal of the ßoUAq, is, +,counsel, council : vqpr, y6yova(I am), Z~CV~PV, 68uús, Ca. ú, a4j.,shaggy, thicl day, eaten IL earty dais nt ~OUA~~S&&V, 13,v. worth am born, I becomc ; an), I I ROO7E, later i7~the ecening, see discussing. take place. 06s ZY~~VET~ withhair: iv. 27, thick11 grown with bush, trees. dplU70V.l ßoúhopm, v. n., ßovA%oW, iapd, vi. 36, etc., the sacred signs were not forthcominK. U, con.., hut, and, now. ph 6rluavrfs, aor. part., WSorKa. i,%ddeqV, ßepoúxqpm'. I am ha, numeral, ten. willing, wish. T¿V~OUX~PEVOV, p$ ytyvopt+wv T& iepGv, IV. 19, ...82 ... ,ou the one hand.. ,01 iv. 15, anyone who wished. if the sacred signs were not theotherhand ..., whereas.. bth+ol, Gv, iii. 6, Delphi, Ore (poúAop[, I am willing, Whw, forthcoming. 7¿ ycycvqp~vo~, yet . . . , but OJ?~ the plu i, oracle oj. Aplla at filot of I wish, desire). iii. 23, what had happened. best7kIl~TaniP~atCd. 66 YE, ye' Xt. Pa~~asrzlxin Phor,ix. Tà yryubpeva, v. 30, what Wil,s but. Ka1 ... 6& (with worc ßO%, OÛ, COW. 64¿s, d, 6w, adj. [Lat. dexter, ò ad+, ox, BODS going on, the scene. TOLS bebocen), butfurther, mi T& aixpahhTwv, I. cf: index, ~EIKVU~],on the 4, some 01 yVyevq@Ots, ii. 14, at the also, and indeed. 8' 0tuv, the captured cattle. however thatmight be. ad, right hand or side. id 6&à turn thmgs had taken. ELU~A~OVTL,iv. 1, towards the BU[&VTWV,ou, 76, Byzantium, in apodosis, vi. 16, note. ,L~~&UKW, v. a., yvhsopt, , T¿ mod. Constantinople, iv. 18. right as one soils in .. . €yvwKa, t-pwv,fyvwupr, h- USorKa or SWm, v. a., mr. 6~[tbv,the right wing, v. 28. yhp, conj., for, since. &AX& .. vhue,,v, I perceive, learn, CGerua, I fear. [Preu. 6d6cr i¿.&mos. à, Dexippus, i. 32, 01170 only in 1st perr., yàp, but (it is so) for, i.e understand. yryVhUKC1, Epic.] note, vi. 5, note. (the army)is of this opinion, 6tî, impers., [from %W, I but indeed. ~d ... ydp, an( U. iiopar, e.. dep., 8ec %W (2). SE+ i. 19. bind],kl)ucr, h84quc,prea.part. (it is so) for, i.e. and indeed uopar, P6E48qv, I need, p. p&q, VS, 4, mind, judgment, 640~~it is bindingon mc. ye, enditic partide emphdis! O/' thing ;I beg, request, lm- ophion, purpose, inclination. necessary, right. O~KOUV6ri, quord it fdlms, at least, a plore, entreat, get&.of person. &WS vi. 14, we ought not then any rete, bud oflen but rep-e zxwv +$V yvd+qv, vi. 12, .. . . Skvraí uou TO^, vi. 33, they With gen., there is need of. rrented by emphasis of voice O inhlspresenttemper(towards makethis request of you. position. 6C YE, yesbut ... us). SCLKVÜ~, v. a., &¿[W, etc., T el rr 8iotu&, i. 26, require ci 64 ye, the €ìC YE emphaaizc y?, particle [ye, otv], restrict- point out, show. anything. tk antithesis. 03% YE, n MI.^ with illative force, at least 66&s, 4, 6v, adj., cowardly. GPO,adv., hither. nor. YE pjv, at any rat1 6trv¿s, 4, 6v, adj., terrible, however (adversativeforce txopcrr, v. dep. a., I accept, dreadful,intolerable. krvb welcome, invite, receive ; Ka1 .. . YE (with word betwee7 fi&I&w, iv. 2, cruelly ill- yes .. . and. Cri {ha ~VXOVTO,i. 3, wel- treat. Gerv& ~~OLOÛVTO,i. 11, corned them to a hospitable ydotos, a, OV,adj., ridiculous they looked on it as strange banquet; (m2itm-y) wait for, that ytpdvrrov, ou, 76 [demin. 4 yvpvfl.nls, 0% 6, 07 yupvvqs, í¡TOS .._. withstand, grapple with. ytpwvl, little old man, starv [yupv¿s, bare, unarmed], a StrvOr, &S adv., terribly. ElXw 6,V. n. I~uw,#¡qua, 6h6fKa, ling old man, iii. 22. light armed foot soldier. Sec 8., iv. 23, how cruelly they 6&epar, I8iOqv,Schjuopar, I xl. yi+upa, as, +,a bridge- Introd. p. suffered. bind, fasten, tether, tie up. VOCABU'I JARY. 83 82 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. they were all in favour of. B~-Ubv6Üv&, v. h., I RUL dl &&,i. 14, it WBB determined. risks, make deeperate at- 7-3 JeJoypCYa, ii. 7, the mlu- tempt, run the puntlet. tions. rb 8dE.u ru' Èv1 ._., i. 18, what wuapproved of by ~uL-u~~w,U. a, I neperate, diatingoieh, I decide. one single man. ' qs, +,-expectatictn, opinion, Gra-Myop~,v. TZ.,I talk, con- glory, reputation. verse with, parley about. bphnov, ou, rd [demin. of Mpu], Gra-voo- (eo), V. &p., +&O- small apeer. -evd&r.l -v&~L, WL, I am Bfualor, a, W, just. L- minded, intend, I rehot on. e., up, ios, W aopbs, rd, spear. , mrodrom elva, i. 3, had the TU~L~LWOQ&~O, i 19, they beat right to be present. Apaxdvnoo, d, Dracontios, a werecontempLstingtph. Spertan, vi. 30. S~a-w3nh,U. a,I carry ha. 6pdp9, ou, ¿, runnin race. Mi . and PS., I pee across 8p6w, at B run, at fufí speed. m througb. %cbpur, v. dep., bUW~O~L,br- ~UL-+TW,v. a., I do thorough- 8bqpu, t8uu?)Bqv, I am able, ly; I accomplish,achieve. I can. Ss C8dvamo K~AXCUZ~, Mid., I bringabout. carry i. 11, asmagnificently esthep out, I bargain for; prooore. conld. Ss tbLa~odeîura, 20, BB many 8% poaible. 6~~-m(po,v. a., am. p8. iii. Iwdprlv, v. 28, I seatter hou 8wdpqv, i. 2.9, where I ahnt. have the power, i.e. all I can. b-dafm, v. a., I aave thorough- Ghcyur, rus, 4, power; force. pgedtw 8kapu rapqo&ous, ly, keep de. 10, Mum, U. Q.. I pursue, give ii. contributing not a S*-~~IJU, v. a., I ph=p single soldier. ere y. Mid., dupomeof, L. ahane. advance quickly, v. 25. , 'mt out for de, arrange. W,aros, Tb [~oKG],a decree, ' resolution. 8. rotoû, IV. I 6uwrpï#4, Qs, B [8~a4&%1, weer- hg away of tinie, rby. CV ri b.,i. 1,whilst waiting here. l 64avB9, du., clearly. 64+, U. TL,I ecape ; v.a., mth ?C., escape from. Ibor or dv, umj., if haply, 6u~-+Odpm, 'v. a., I deatMy if sokthat, if, with mbj. utterly, I mer, spoil. kvr00, fis, Oû, or ah0, ab-ijs, S&&*œ, v. d, &8$&, tNWa, ahoû, re&. pron. 3rdper8., 8e818äxa, bdlbaypu, 1LWr of himself,herself, itself. , &Ir, atZid&utr, I .tesch, in- m a4 KTPOT ABABAZIZ. VOCABULARY. 88 from ; OE the

kr*ßw~&(au),v. n., I tumble headlong outof; I tarn 8 lrornersault ont of, i. 9.

h$red% qpbo L, av. h?' Mdaph.I wind , damny, deploy, deme, v. 22, note N~n-Attùd. (K-wkrro, v. n., I fall out, I am . driven out from, I am eaet anhore by shi', iv. 2.

bmop@, U. a., I provide iwrlpœOcv, on eaoh or either thoroughly or dciently. side ; on either flank. &ad- hm,a, W, e.,on the &th pœem ~MWWV,iv. 3, IYI one dey. E~S-from either didon. amos, 7. W, nwn. e.,aixth. du-+, v. a, I carry forth, beer out, csp. of ewpsc. as, 3) [Attic for &h], the olive tree; fruit of olive tree, olive, iv. 6. h,ou, d, olive oil, vi. 1. h&œ, U. a., 613, *&a, #A+ Xam, cX4Xap+ +&U?qv, I drive. Abd. (1) (m. lrro~ or dppa, etc.), I ride, drive. (2) (M. dTpadV), I lead an my, mueh d gened. . - .- ..

86 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. VOCABULARY. 87

Cha+pBs, adv., lightly, lithely, k-avslos, a, ou, adj., opposite, BB to your own opinion. Èv tt-av-lqpr,U. a. and n., tram. with agility, i. 12. opposed to. oi iv., the enemy. pj, i. 28, I am apprehensivt te7z.pee, I mhke to getup from ; lest. ildrmle. tenses, I get up, rise Ivha, as, 4, want, lack. ìMxrwos, 7, OU, adj. sclperl. oj bhhros, ou, adj., with puOphs up, spring up from. CXdrrou (Æee 1IXLyos), smallest, iv&Lwvupr, 'v. a., I pointout. the metricaltime suited tc) If-iwhp, ads. [softened form least, fewest. &ax. 66h, iii. Nid., I display. war tunes, i. 11, Taote. 16, the shortest road. of ÈSalcpuqs, d$uw, suddenly], $-%(U, v. n., I am in want of. h-uKmátm, 1:. a., I get ready, suddenly, iv. 26. Rare in Uqdes, aor. azlbj. mid. aipG, Impers., Èv&î, there is necd, equip, dress up, i. 12. Attic. I choose. want of, with gen. Partiride, br-aûOa, adv., Lat.hic or illic if-lpxo, T. n:, I start, begin, 'EAXás, dch, 4, Hellas, Greece. Abpa ~A~louosÈUSCOP, i. 31, he here, at this place, there, saw that there waa need of set thefashmn of, encourage, "hhtp, quos, 6, a Hellene, hither, thither; then, there 716thgen. or in. more. upon, at that, thereat;herein. Greek. tf-erpr, v. m, $[-!a, I shall go Iv6ofos, ov, adj., of high repute, ivr-rûerv, adv., Lat. hinc, illinc 'EXXqvk, hs, fem. adj., Hel- glorious ; portending glory, or am going out, forth, from. lenic, Greek. hence, from this place, i. 23. from there, thence, hence. 15-ipxopar, T. n., I come or go hrlfo, v. a., -16, I hope, ex- [veswa, prep with pelt., .nsllally forth, thenceforth, after. out, from, march out. pect, apprehend. follo~oinr~its caxe, on acconnt wards, after this, thereupon, 4-rmg T. impera. [cipl, I am], of, for the sake of, because ìp-ß&, v. throw in. theu, consequently. it is allowed, is possible, a., I of. Intram., I rush in,enter Iv-ipos, ou, adj., honoured, lawful, in one's power to, into. Wa, ad7~.(1) Dcmonrtr., Lat. commanding respect. one may, with dat. of person ; of aut1 irJ gpnÜArv, ada., backwards, yon- ibi; of place, there time., MS, within. With !]en.. thereupon, then. (2) Kela- du., trariwise. roUpraXlu um- T¿ Èurds TOÛ abxhs, iv. 3, the e-qyoCpar (EO), v. dep., I am tive, Lat. ULI; oj plnce, arpi$avrcs, havingturned space inside the neck. lvrbr the leader of, lead. where, on which ; time, of cpdXa-yyor, v. 7, under sharp round. when. q-3~0,v. a., I have reached a cover of or within reach of certain pint; of time, elapse, $-wlm, e. I fall, I throw n., YvOa-mp, see hOa, precisely OT their line. expire. myself into ; I attack. just where, etc. hr-rvyxbvo, 7'. n.., with dat., I I&~KOVTE, mm. adj., sixty. ipmor6 (EO), a., make in. (v-&'vlr, ah.,from there, from v. T chance upon,fall inwith, iYf-oGos, ou, a going out, ex. Odppm wjth I in. 4, ,!ur. a., this point, from here. meet with,stumble upon, pedition, excureion, foray. spire courage m. hrOúpqpa, ans, 76, device, con- happen to find. liÇ-o~rAlto, armthor- Ip-wporOcv, ah., before, ir v. a., I sideration, i. 21. Q, prep., see E'K. oughl Pass., I am fully front, earlier. rà Èp., iii, &v-Oüpoûpar (EO), v. dep., I lay gáya, v. a., I lead out: lead armezaccoutred. 14, the country in front. rd1 toheart, ponder, turn over out themen m-an expedition. Èpr. xpóvou, previously, i. 18, I !fa, a&., outside ; with gela., in my mind. often absd., Èc. bd rà ÈHL-

b-ad (eo),v. (~,-arvkw,-$veua, hb-dmrœ, v. R., I fall upon,

I etc., I prsiee, commend, com- pounce upon, attack,m'thdd. pliment, congrstnlate,thnuk. hrkrowr, W, adj., toilsome ; L &m-+, v. a., I mime up, 23, (of omen) portending toil elate. W suffering. hav-ipxopsu, v. R,I go bsolr, h-rrrlfo b, v. h. *cg. return to. [aim], !&rnieh myself with kr4m~U(eo), v. a., I hold out food, forage, lay in snppliea. tw e threat againat, m. ond v. *.S Ilrtm&w, : absol., ii. 7, 'hten W, dat. -&&ow, ilrrm-wT. I l violence. how, know how to. hrd, em$, when, after that, hrdrrm, V.O., rd&, e&., reg., since. #we1 dp-ra, iii. 21, I give orders to, place next noon BB: 1 aa W beaide, I place behind. h&-6,mj., whenever, when, Eo in mid., attech to, v. 9. M soon M. h B-, a, W, adj., fit, une- *, q..,now that, when, T¿ mnw, mon a, suitable, neceawy. a~ tw. hd&m the necesder of k-dp, v. R., tr-ûa, I em coming or shd come upon, burnt upon, charge, atteck, hr-dqpr, v. a., I plsce upon, coith dut. I set myself to, make attempt hr-wm, adv., afterwards, then, up;mid, I attack, dat. next, in the next place, ere long. hrr-rpkr, v. a,I turn over to; entrust to, lesve to; com- prep. m'th gen., dat. ani mimion, order,permit, allow, m., (1) with gen.. of pl-, with At. person and iqf rent on, u on; of tirne, mthc of time of. !hm.hl @&y (FW), U. a., I put TOS,v. 25, in line-of-battle, h to, attempt, endeavour. trl rp+v, ii 14, 011 hrc AcJnl+fr, W. a., -rB, de., I the triremea Ir1 TOÛ rpbro~ put S question to the vote. Iepdou, v. 2, at the fid C*~.l victim. hl TOÛ r+u, v. 8 etthefiratattempt(orvictim) hopo~,v. dep., ehhpvr, Cqopar, Mpqv, I follow, with a. ' @6hKa &V hlarparorrP80u v. 4, BB guard of the thing hi, nm*., wven in camp. (2) With da¿., O, MK~ULOL,tu, a, nuns. a+., $W, rest near, by, et, on seven hundred. 90 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. VOCARULARY. 91 Cpydfopr, v. dep., I work at. ETOS, OW, 76, year. Ip-y. +pu, iii. achieve a 17, d, adv., well. et pdX~,i. 1, tbaúvüpos, ou, adj. [et, $UOpQ], etc. etxou 6crvBs, iv. !?3, deed. very well, very skilfully. lit. of good name OT omen, suffered terribly. ILS uûu Ypyov, OU, Tb, work, deed. et the, i.29, know well, be Euphemistic for dprureppdr, her, vi. 16, ae thematter assured. became bad men8 canre fron now stands. dxou ¿pel T& ìppopdvos, 7, ou [perJ. part.pasa. the 1~4,left. T¿ eùhuup~u, ~QIJTBU,vi. 1, the busied ~Ljuuup,I am strong, wed aa rd-twos, OU, adj. [rhuq, girdle], v. 28, the left wing. themselves withtxeir own adj.], strong, stout-hearted, well girt ; 80 active, light, affairs. TOXE~LK~QTQd~w, vigorous. Ah., &ppopCrs, nimble ; eV. of light tT00p. duxLa., QS, +, feasting, feast, entertainment, i. 4. they acted inmost hostile iii. G, vigorously, resolutely. rúOús, adz.., straightway, im- , w?y. Middle, I hold to, ìpvpvós, T), ÚU, nC.,fortified by mediately, without more do. i 4+-&opar, U. hp., I follow clmg to, atruEglefor, with art or nature, strong. T& ~6~93s6~6, ii. 18, straight I after m close upon the gen., iii. 15 (17). ipupd, strong places, for- from. e~~sL+' ~m+~5, iii. 23, heels of, I follow in pur- '&W, adv. [tos, dawn], from tresses. T¿ ;p. xoplou, iv. 21, immediately after sunset. ' suit of. v. 1, stronghold, fastness. dawn, at dawn, in the early ebKXc0s, adrr., [~~KXET)S,KUOS, 'E+os, ou, $, Ephcsus, i. 23, morning. IPXO~~L,V. dep. fut. cpr, aor. glory], gloriously. powerful Greek city in Ionia, ?jXOou, p. (A~XUOQ,I come, go. on west coast of Asia Minor. Bp, 3 sing. imp. òp;, I see. ebvotu, QP, &paw& (QU), v. a., fipLjrwu, Èpw- fi, good will, kindly &+-LumpgW. a. and n., tmm. ~pa~kar,perj inJ òp;, I see. feeling. TT)UO~L,etc., I ask (a ques- tensex, I set over, I appoint, give command over, with dat. os, conj., until, while, aa long tion). chopos, OU, adj,, easy to travel m. idpa, QP, [Lat. vcspera], through, easy to pass, pass- htrana. tenses, 1stand upon, p-operlyfem. of a&, (UHE~OS. able. am in authority over, I halt, stop, stma by. TQWG J+- ,€*áTIS, ou, Ò [rEÛYOS, dXQÚuw], (1 ) SC.ffip~, evening ; (2) RC. dPLQKO), Il. a., ElÌp*w, ql[pllKQ, UT+, v.11, he had been ~Ljp'pa, the west. T¿ rpbs or ~Oprlrt~,$pou or dpov, driver of B yoke of oxen, ~UI~PQU,iv. C, towards the placed in command of this ploullhman, i. 8. T)Üpll/.LfL OT EÜpTlpL, 7Ùpt%7V (diviaion). west. OT EU$O?lU, CÙp6T)UO/L¿ZL, 1 ,mvyrlAaTB (eo), v. n., I drive a &+-op8 v. Er &TOS, 7, ou, adj. [J.], fur- find. (do), a., I look upon, yoke of oxen. Not found behold, live to see. (9. elsewhere. Ehest, highest, worst, ex- e5pos, om, Tb, breadth, width. +Pas, iii. 17 (la), keeping UE treme, severest (penalty). ,rÚyvüpr, v. a., &Ú[W, @$Q, T¿ dpos or dpos, in breadth. in sight. Ircpos, Q, ou, adj. FR., (1) the fre~pat,dJ-E~Xeqw, thu, I [T~TTO], one OT other of two. ¿ ET. T¿U EGTLKTOS,adIr. rell- fxo, v. a., etxou, a.nd UX~UW, yoke together, join, fasten ET. TQ~EL,i. 5, the one strikes arranged, with rcgulerity, &TXqKQ, ZUXOW, &YX*//Ler, ÈU- together. with good discipline. the other.(2) Other than xtO~w, I have, hold, keep, cûyos, ous, 76 [rdyuup~,Lat. usual, different from, with cín-úxqp, QTOS, 76, a piece of get : of land, I producc, jugum, Eng. yoke], a yoke ; gen. iv. 8. good fortune, success. bear, vi. 1 ; €xicow, with, pair of beasts, team. hplding. 8x0~~~sTL, i. 17, #TL, ah., yet, still, again, Ic- eirúXB (cm), v. n., I am success- !eGs, Ads, ò, Zeus, sonof ful. Cop. Ace., qliúxquav VI. 38, with something in aides, further, any longer. their pockets, i.e.,not empty- Kronos and Rhea, king of TOGTO T¿ eírrlix7p, iii. 6, they 0611. . . h,no longer. handcd. Followedby m$, gods and men. Zeh BQULXE~, achieved this success. i. 22. Zeh uwdp, v. 25. hrpos, 7, ou, OT os, ou, adj., 1 can, I know how to. ready, prepared. dlxopar, v. dep., I pray, vow. With admrbs intrans., ¿pOGs, qprB (ow), U. a., I fine, punish. KQXOS,etc., &yu, to be right, B (do),v. R.,Uuw, I live. 'LARY. 92 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. U. n., Oeho~r,I run. conj. (1) Di.$umtive, or ;g... Mœ, 4, #&w hrl, v. 20, I dash f ... ,either ... or .... (2) Cm- against. pwalivs, than, m. dvrlor .. . +) ... , 34, different from. &Opa (ao), v. dep. a., I look vi. at, I watch. 4, adv- (1) c b+um, v. Bavoüpar, Mävov, y. p+, n., m,in trat&I?Y ,ver' a 3 r&Ovqrra, I die. in strong asseverations W oath. verily and indeed, i. 4, Thrace, ii. 18, iv. 1. 31, vi. 17. (2)Intmiwe, B& FK~,¿, a Thracian, i S, pray? can it be that? W iv. 2. ' merelyrepreeenlcdbyinterrog. BbXdl~~,ou,¿,bag.pouch, iv.23. form of ssnlm. bp, aws, 74 a victim,. for & &l. fem. of as ccccd ad adv. e. (ec.Lb&bywhichway,where, BWq W, 4, a sacrificing, sacri- in whichway. 3 Tdxwra, fice. v. 13, the quickeat way, in Birr, v. a., I offersacrifice. ' with all sped 8 rd vdrous, conanlt gads sacri- at whatever pact of the Md., by v. 22, fice. T¿ Oubpevs, the victime rame. sscrXced.

&os! a, DY, 4.;one'a own, wv,¿vos, 6, a lder, guide, pnvate. Adv., 1819, in prì- commander, master of. vete; privately, on one'n own (eo), v. de -+opzc,&. , account. I lead, gui& command, Æ*ou, ¿ [f~loS,QwII, rivata], m'th dat. of person m absd. 01 +yo&tml W d +tí/mov, E?A?r:ativalRconing,. Ziccoord the front rauk, m I-. like our layman,' and is thm p. xliv.: I think, dder, wed in many SM, e.g. E conclude. rivate citizen opp. to OM f+¶, da., g!ealy, with Ling om aa PaorhA, pleasure, at them e-. dpxw, mpdrwos, etc.; m who hm no Bpecid howledge W, adv. [re&& to v&, ad jam and training in medicine, to nunc], qfem (1) to h. poet?, ozatmy, etc. Then it datepost, by thii time, came to mean an ignorant, , before thi, My,before clumay fellow; i. 31, 'a com- now; W (2) imdìate to mon man,' c &II nntau ht @we, now, pmemtly, forth- per- con' ; harcc ow won?< i&ot,' with, immedmtely. at OMB. 'LARY. 95

yrda, as, 4, mimic dance of he88dì~18in whichpemd 8truggles with de&deT, i. 7. m4prep. with gen. and ace., down. (1) With gen.,ofW, down from, down over. dawn 1 KTPOT ANABAEIZ.

rpkou,d So, inereryway,by ctum-Ab, v. a., I' put down, all mB(uLB. me' 8, v. 28, facing diisolve, terminate, end. which, in e line with which. ca-JL(Ym, U. a,I remain be- Ka@'a&& rop&r81~,ii 13, to hind, shy behind. b himnelf. d'&avrds,ii. E, {y themdvm, indepen- cwra-+wüp, v. m., -r@tw,I dently. Korb roh WIKph, v. put out, quench Cprs, &.l. 6, in B line with the bodies. cara-w+ra,lr~ U.. a., I put nad rb Xe1p~Qov &p,IV. into quartan. Md, I go 23, in place of Cheiriaophua into, take up quarters. Kara-ßdm, W. n., I come down, cma-qdv, am. infr nar-&W. godown, dercend x. hl, I m-xœprtr, v. a., -l&, etc., I go down for (to fetch), L 2. place m ponition, detsch in Ka&-, em,?),e goin dm, pition, of-troops, v. 10. descent; return mar%. Ka'?&, W.KU8Ofi. ~a7-¿p,U. a,1 bring down ; KM~op', -&opu, e&., U. c# a ship (va$ eqn~s&01 dep., effect by work, I &rstood), bring to rhore achieve,S eecnre (&&y)),S. 10. or harbour, put into part. KMœ, U. a, and n, I hold Pass:, return home, return down W kk, restrain; I to port accmpy (lad,etc). In-., KMU-bK&tlr, U. ?L,1 give Um- Icomefion,thehighmto I or agility: . einet ;condemn,'dh &om, K put into port, i 33. 16. Icar-wcQœ, U. a., 1 found a a+, N., .etlioopzl. I RIO colony m city. down; (of CQV~&@, iii 10, Kddm OP, Q&. [KdW, Ibu&], pnnh forward, nde over, ldsmmable, eombuetlble. mur. K& or K&, v. a., naCw, (m), U. a., I p €Kawa,&Kama, rhauwr, down on, watch from above, &nafi&rr, l bum, I kindle, mto-&vœ, W. a., -&G, -C!&w, light (M),ïi. 20. dxwa, I ale , vi. 31. Poe4U L, U. hp., KI~O+, I em d:non-.4Lc. Td(as pm. 4fdWr), I !e. Kd-KCL(mg W. M., 1 h K- W. a., ríww, etc., reg., down, recline (at meda). I command, urBe, inntigate, KM(L-K~~,W. a.,I hold bk, bid order, enjoin; I request. hinder, utop (fionrfigbt). '&W, OU, TO, [LIldS, ~d#oS]s ~ma-AJlro,W. a., 1 leave be empty tomb, cenotaph, iv. 9, 1 hind, p.p.p.,xar&h&mn nm-dttic. 88 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. VOCABULARY. 99

A+v, W, adj., used 4 oom . of dyaOSs, more deairad, bettar vor Homeric Xwtwv]. Y

9 TW4 a MW&, we er in Yayvwla in Thwaly, i 7. PM, dl b, a&., long. ad?, verg, very much, exceedlnly. eil W,i. 1, very skdnlly. comp., pa. Aov, more, rather ; sup., fimu, moat, chiefly : with nwnerde, at the mont, about. W, Piha. $Aov, we MXa pm-&, 9, dv, a&., foretold, I named,euggeated by. an ' oracle, i. 22. - ßh=nvds, B Mmtinean, .in- habitent of Mantinee, town in Andie, i. 11. 100 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. 101

&&v, iv. 20, owing to the general anxiety. pb, pwticlc, p& ... 84 ... , on the one hand .. . on the other hand ..., while or wherm ... yet ... , true that ... but ... ; n beet lcfl mtmmlated in lkh, and the forcc narked by emp- pf voice or W-

I vwqementof d PbOh . however, well then, m, etc. $v-, adv., yet, however, neverthdees, et any rate. *, v. n., re, twwp, W&. vi/Ka, I reemsm, m1t, at0 behind, Mt, 0tey ; v. œ., wait for, expeot. dppc, om, 76, pt, ahm. PO^, tlon. KaTdT¿ xerp*ou &oYl iv. 23, In phe of Ch. Pywp, as, III the inlend parte, mtenor, heart of oountry. W, B W, d.,in the middle, #U rrp *Q, iv. 2, betwem (them oitiea). (U $up, iv. 3: (lies) Mwey. . lYQ0 (m), V. n., I in -th( ' middle. &p ~Fqs6 II$ps, v. 7, ptma-w. dhgen. and W (awl, v. a., -*W, etc., I aec conquer, prevail over. Cogn. senoc, in the middle. (1) Wit1 act. pdxlas UN., v. 25, you heve won bettlea. JK rtjr , gen., in the midst of, emon with, togetaer with. (S UM+, i. 18, ii. 12, in With am., after, neat to. eccordance with, or by, the vote of the majorib. , v. m., I throw b ffereut poaition, change W íta, v. a., VON#v6p%a, etc., cutom, . elter; revem (ermn), v. l6 E own M em cuatom- nry ; I conaider, think. phœ, v. a., I rhsre in, gen. lá h&,' hch' as. oïbv TE &ni, it iapaeeible. . Adw., ofou,# auch M, like. ob, oh, d and 4, sheep. 01x0~v. dcp., Ol*OPU, dxwKa m hum, I am gone, bat, 1 set Off, g0 8W8y. 4X. ¿s*rbmr, iii. 23, had set off and were gone. olx. ¿so- ¿&mv. emj., whenever, m dpbra,, iii. 28, had made 8 bolt of it for. monas. Sccò*dn. h,&V. of time and eonj., U,OÛ, d, 8 bird, eap. 8 bird (1) datiwe; (2) indinet in- of omen (dtwe,WZe, &e.), brrog.,whdever, when, now hence, an omen, i. 23, v. 21. that, &ce. bA4œP-SU, V. n., mob, lrnd h,du., (1) nlalivc; (2) down of dance, i. 10. indirect. à&wog., where. dr. 8uu%w, i. '28, BB far as I dm0 (h), v. n. and a,shrink could. from doing. dKv. h, vi. 6, in their spprehenaioion Ieat. brrr0 (W),v. a., I nwat, boil, hake, iv. 29. bud, numer. 8. a@., h,.du., (1) daive; (2) 7, ou, adj., few, smd. idweel mtmg., as, how, m a%&. &Adnow, wlwv or W8y.What ' *wu, auperl. dNTtmos and hq eonj. J%& 80 that; afler iAdxturos. sap'dNyw 670~- verbe of fewith fùt. oûwo, vi 11, made light of. indic., thet. Ipqpor,. ou, d [¿pi,together, v. 'a., I make angry. dpw, lour], a pledge for unity, (dJù¿. mid. dpywû- sure@, security, hbge. W), I am deangry, fly #p+, v. a, dwûpir, 6wa, 8 rap., d@wa, ¿&unwt, Whv bpyud, Br, 4, length of out- and dpbuBv, dwuWow, I strehhed artna, m measure of awear. With ace. of thing length, 6feet 1 inch, afathom. WpcrsOnaWrnb. b+, 4, du, adj., straight, UP- (I- a, ou, adj.. like, re- nght. ¿p. d&. the mam mbling, equal, .similar. (atmight) road, vi. 38. &pot-, a&., in like mmner +w, ou, rd, gen. in Nur.. with. ¿& &TEP, just a8 if... . boundsries,confinea,frontier. IO4 KTPOT MABAZIZ.

pëmn~3dy, b A& m charge of, 703r rapd K~w,iv. 8, thone who were with Cyrus; T& -p' +,fi, iii. 26 : what waa happening with ne (or to un), i.a our mitnation &p- IM ii. 2, tsey anohor2 off: (3) with me., to the pre- aence of, to; ale0 (m)O place, pad, by, along, by tg e eide Of; (h)Of tim, dnm ;(C) be- yond, contrary to. €~TCILW- rap&+jv, ii. 1, along the cosat; T¿ rap¿ 06Xamv, iv. 6, the part dongthe rea, res coeet; VOCABULARY. Io; 106 KTPOT ANABAZTZ.

. .. , e 1 rtfd, ah., on foot, by lancl. sap& roh ßoûs, i. 8, yokc uapa-dio, v. n., I sail along thc the memory of oneself. 1 sap' rtfós, +, bv, adj., 011 fool.. him to the oxen ; dXiyov coast, aail past, coast along. ipavrbv, surrender nlyself, VI isoroùvro, vi. 11, made light walking ; ux whst., retús. b, Wapa-UK~udgœ,v. a., -&W, etc., 18. flicl., aa&opar cis ._. of, treated with contempt. a foot-soldier ; ph., in- reg., I prepare, get ready, ii. 10, contribute to. fantry, foot. mzp-ay$Mo, pass on a raise (force). Nid., I pre- wap-l PL, II. -*W, etc., v. a., I a., rdw, a., scíuw, tscrua, si- message or orders, I pass the pare myself, make prepars- seul past, let pass, I pas v. tions. sapcartuas$vos,ready xcLKa, siscrupar, i&dvv, watchword, pass the orders (watchword, v. 25),yielt reruOl)aopar,Ipersuade, press, along the line. T¿ sapayyeX- prepared. place to. conciliate. 06 xdOourcr, V. Xópcvov, 18, mpa-~íOqp~,v. I place be- iii. vi. 5, the a., mp-luqu, U. Ir. tenses, I m& 11,without ermission. Mid. orders : imper.v. sap+yyeXro, side, before. Hid., I set be- to standhy, place, set by fore me ; I deposit, give in alad pass., Pam persuaded, I iii. 21, v. 25, orders had been ilh-an. tenser, I stand by. obey, yield obedience to, with passed down. charge ; T. rd isXa, i. 8, having laid aside his arms nappáoros, adj., of Perrhasia dnt. of per so^, b~,or absof. Verbal., rersriov, vi. 14, we Tapa-ylyvopar, v. n., I comc to in chary of amne one. tom in Arcadia, ii. 7, v. 2. the side of, join, present my- ris, riua, riv, savrds, sdqr must obey. self before. napnplue (aw), v.a., I hand over, entrust to ; hand on to xaurós, adj., all, the whole mtpa, as, +, attempt, trial, wapa-Shpr, II. a., I give or my neighbour : military, I every. TOÛ xavr¿s &pz+, ii proof, experience. reipav Xa- hand over, deliver over to, pass watchword or word of 12, absolute authority. p&, with gm., to test, vi. 33. permit, voucbafe (vi. 34). command along the lime,\,. 12. rúo-p,v. a., xcluopar, daovOa, lrcrpe (aw), v. a., &uw, p. paw. rap-a~~oüp~(EO), II. dep., I rapqyíq, vs, + order, watch- CsaOov, I suffer (good or evil). sexelpäpr, I attempt. More ask from, entreat ; intercede word passed down the line. As pass. of so&, I am commox in mid., I attempt, for. treated. endeavour ; with gen., I test, wáp-tLpL, II. n. [clpl, I am], I am make trial of. rapa-KäAB (ew),v.a.,-KaX;,-eKd- beside, I am present, come ra~pír,Lh, 4 (prop.fem. adj., Xeaa, dc., I call to my aid, to, am at hand, arrive. ol SC. y?), native land, country. rA-+, OÛ, d, one who bears invite, summon, urge upon, sdpovTcs, the bystanders. aah, v. a., I make to stop, a riAq apeltast ; see Zw trod., p. xl. encourage, cheer 011. x8pcupcv UOL, vi. 20, here we check ; v. W, I cease from. rapa-Aapeávo, v:. a., I take stencl before you. Pans. and mid., I cease from, dq,$5, +, a small 1i!@ from, take to myself, take. +-tLpL, V. a. [dp, O], I am give up, with yen.; stop, wait. shield of leather without vim, mpa-Atlro, v.a., I leave on going or shall O feside or II+äyovla., as, +, Pa hla originally uRed by Thmedam. one side, pass over ; dv TL +IL $st, pass by, a!vrtnce, come gonlr, di&ìct of Asia dmr; rtpwatos, a, ov, on the fifth sap, vi. 18. in caBeof any orward, v. 12; W EL, went on Euxine, east of Bithynia, day; five days dead, iv. 9. down the line watch- omlssion on my part. T¿ v i. 1,14. ripro, V. a., x&$Iw, tscp$Ia, word), v. 25. rapaherxbpcvou, iii. 19, which n*A&yOVLK¿S, 4, 6W, dj., TPUOMR, TCTC~W,~sipqjeqy, had escaped. m dahœ, v. n., I ride 07 Paphlsgonian. fi~IcqjXayovtK?j rcplrghjaopar, I send. rapa-$vo, v. n., I remain by &ive past. (se. fi), Paphlagonia, i. 15. rw&KduwL, at, a, num. adj., the side of, stand firm, re- wap-ip opab, v. a., I go by, IIa+Aãyiydv, óvor, 6, a Paphla- five hundred. main faithful to. ps%y, step forward. gonian, i. 1. *c, num. adj., indeel., five. II. raptp, rapa-dpro, a., I send past, v. a., I hold by the ~[OV,ou, 76, a flat open coun- rcvst-rul-StK~num.a~.,indeel., along : send in aid, despatch side, i.e. in readiness, I pro- try, a plain. fifteen. to aid, iii. 15. vide, furnish, offer, dard, l 108 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. Í VOCABULARY. 109

qr-mnM(ow), v. a,Iencircle, : A+, (1) &h gm., be- vi11, make light of. Verbd, encompatm, eurronnd. &fytly yond, except, beaiden; (2) TOL~~O~mpelau, iv. 12, in middle. adv., except, but. the journey muet be de.

npvrvyxbvœ, v. n., I happen 7A L&&%V. TL, -&U, &C., I &P&, c bv, *.l be- to be about or near, happen zw near, epproaob longing to war, werlike, upon, come ncronn, meet, wAqh, du., new at hand, hortile. Adv. Iro)r$~m. with dot. in the niihbourhood. roAewrhra ~Zpv,i. 1, aded in the most hostile way. -&V, OÛ, 76 [EC. am@], axotoV, OD,T¿, boa& velllrel, &p, the Persian dance, i. 10, note. tranrport. woAipws, a, ou, adj., belonging to war, hostile. ¿ roMp~osW drops v. n., rertjuopu and wh,OÜ, ¿, voyage. TA. Cura1 els, i. 33, our cuum will be d TOAP~OL,the enemy. 4 a+ropa.~. (wbpqv, I, fly, em rohe& (m. .v13), hostile terri- on the wing. to. Idv TA. S, i. 33, if it be poseible to mil, i.e. wind tory. +a, as, 4, mk,eyci, M dande end weather permitting.' r¿Aqmy, ou, ¿, wer. O& ilrsm W on beach. wva0pa, aras, T¿, wind, air, W&@ (CO), V. 9h, 1 8t W=, breeze ; breeth [ruh]. go to war with, ht against, make foea of (vi. dat. W&, a&., rd. and intermg., 7S), whence, from what quarter, aœ,v. a., I build or found wherefom a ?ty; colonize eountq by enclitic index, from budang city, vi. 4. Ionic 1 aoe(v,adff. E nome phor other, from j myplace. dropr8 (eo), W. a., 1 beaiege. I ro83 (eo), v. a., I long for, long Arp, ews, 4, a city. I to, yearn after. U¿-, aras, 76, city, town adv. edit. inacf., and (pp. of buildings of city, whither, eomewhither, Latin urbs, ad opp..% civitas). nome or any direction. Iroxv-apxk, as, 3, the govern- aorB (eu), v. a., I meke, do, meni; of many; divided com- treat, form, cerry out, exe- mand, i. IS. cute (orders) ;-pluce in poei- UOAC, *il, *4, g* roXXoû, tion, form; aet (watohee) : roAA?js, roAAou, e.,many, auppoee or imagine. &pz much, great, lerge, of great a resolution. KaN8S extent, long,loud. roM$ E: Kure,ill-treat. dyaeb iii. 16, m. abs, long way. r. ùm, I do B dceto. hp.~Aeluu, rAxrîuror. rAd- U. aha, iv. 11, I divide, break 010s Iu6Or, 31, v. a. and n.; k. i. that eome- place around, near ; ktvd dro~oûv~o,i. 11, thingmorewaawented. uAbu =!&!S :&y looked na atrange in&.&wee, I stmd mound, on it 9 M ... , iv. 6, (of diatame) nem. 'I that. rup' ¿Myow ro~cìdal, for more tben ... . Sr wAhv ..

110 KTPOT AXABAZIZ. ARY. 111

mpo+y&[op, v. &p., I do work heforehand. rfp rpo- ecmaap4vvr &&W,i. 21, re- put8tion 8lry3y won. v*v, U. W.. 1 p;a in .dv-ence, sd~oe,push for- Wd. wpo-qpOp,U. dep., I lead the way, lead on the van. wp&r, v. a., -daopa~, I caorifice hefore or for ruper- intend sscri&e~for, 6.'L2 v%-, TPO-O@. rrpdibmo, Me rp&1p.

etc. rïj~'EAhdlsrpo~umj~wrv, vi. 12, they are the lorde of Hellas. rprrumjmmr a&&, ii. 9, waa their ringleader. ~-Rtb~U. L, I laid before, am in front of. rpor. xwpfw, iv. 3, a promontory jutting out. rpo-~plvm, v. a, I pick out before, choose by preference. 1rp4vq(CO)), 21. R. and a., I em or ect BII a spb@os, I manage n thing for. Mehph., intro- duce to, wpo& KlV8uvh TWL, v. 14, note. 3'p4-opO (au),U. a., I see before- Tpa-Aah,v. a, (N. Irrow or hand, catch sight of fnnn a dppu), I ride 'or drive on in dGtunee, i. 8. front W fod; gallop on rpo-dpm; B. a., W. wp~ io front. m&m, I eend forward. h M r t 112 KTPOT ANABAZIE. VOCABULARY. 118

advance,condnot, escort, wpodpxopa~,W. o., I come up or rrpœt, du., early in the accompany, rend on hie way. to. !T!!% y, bethem, at mom. I&, pp., gen., dat. and qau-dxopw, v. dep., I pray, -CV&, 4, 6,adj., cl-, close &pa, as, 9, verbal qreement, aec. (1)Withgen., (a)molion offer up vow0 to. packed. Ah.,WKW~, much, law, vi. 28, R&. @S often, frequently, i 8. from, aEe0 m -W&, wpo+(Xm, v. [se. voûv], I apply l#dpds, OÛ, ¿, measured motion 6s@aAdwqs, ma-werdr ; (b) WC. my mind, pyattention to. dll, PB #W., or eound, rhythm, t 11, in a$jwa~%hza,rpdr in 4, -v Alm, wpddw, adv. of place, before, &Aar, gatea th8 II8Ul8 Of Zar. (2) &h ' in front, forward; of time, mvuvopar, v. dep., ret-, dut., a) reat at, by, near; (b) before, formerly. wk rp. in ed ition ta, rpbr ~okos.in riwlrput, M&7v, I leern 1 d UT rqyoh, the former gene- by enquiry, enquire, aak, addition ta this. (3) with mg iv. II. MC., (m)of-, towdr, to, hear. with gen. of pwmfiom ' leading up .to, t@nst; *@S srpu&œ, v. n., I ~shfomwd, whom. TaGra, to thm. wrth e mew to mm eowerda. % *;h,76, h. PlUr. rd, thie, scoordingly, to meet srpr-ph, v. n., T: wait etill ad., watch fires. r& . : weit these chargea. aMv, i. longer v. act., I for. v. n., I am feverish, 5,8, the nound of the pipe. +mm, to +-Osoc, ou, C emroach; m e fever, iv. 11. 7pbr T& #lhovr, i. 20, in the edernn proceasion temple to qdr, OÛ, d, gen in ph., eyen of bin friende. (b) d with sir+ admusic, i. 11. trme,tomrda. r@srl)vWp, wheat. a dp adv. with gen., towards daybreak. +uœ or ~uppLas,kcadiiofficer, v. a forward4 &er ; fer off, at 11. wpou-6yœ, v. a., I led or bring a distance. C-. rpoudpw, ~ mfy vs,- 4,. e war dance, forwd, introduce to (W- T~OUW~TW.~OL C86vav.ro rp t e yrrhlo, 1. 12, note. rEy6tœ, v. a., I dence, attempt SeJnbZy), i. 14. UwrdTw, vi. 1, 88 far eway a8 , m, enclit. p&le, up to this to dence, i 32. R- word. they time, IM yet Irpw.avùMuw, v. a,-avàAwuw, mM. hkads, OÛ, d, 8ilanue, the ete., I mpend (money. etc.) wp-+wf, ãms, d, advanced W&,inhrrog. &W., how ? in ~~th~per,iv. 13. besides, in addition. guard. picket. what way ?. Xv4,+S, d, inhabitsnt of (EW), v. R., I go for- Siope, I. 16. upor+-, v. Q, I a ly to. W&, dtàc particle, indes., ' Intram., rpwß. make ?S,go on well. T¿ C somehow, in some wey, in bkq,79, 4, Sinop, i 15, note. an attack upon. rp. ìp&, iv. 21, the victims any .way, et d. rexvrr~s1 th, 08, 6, hmknfw e&, might favour (lit. go on well TIUS,I. with a certain &ill. wpor&op, v. n., I am in need 6, god. val T& ur&, by the twin fot) m. md &W rws, ii. 17, pretty gode, note. of bemdes, demand, eeek in nearly in the middle. vi. 34, addition, roith gen. *, .a, 01, q..WP. kdAlabs, d, macien song, fimn W$: before, ID front ; i. 6, mte. WPOUAOK~ (aw), a. a., I expect. 00011er, earlier, former ; mp +u-rqu., v. n. [dp,ibo]. I erior. Sruperl., first, tqp4umv, W, 76, sddier's am going 07 ehall go up to forernoet. Adv., llpkqov, ration money, ii 4, ¶O&. a phce, eppmh, attaok. before, prevldy. W- irlw, ou, 76,geney in plur., wpou+Vr, (1. a. (m. trsor), or rb wp&ov. firet, III the bread, food, promiom, eap- I deup to, gallop up. firnt plece. pliee. 114 KTPOT ANABACIE. VOCABULARY. 115 .. WCTOS,OU, 6, in 'ph.bu+, 76 1 dq,e, 4, equipment, cloth- .o-w~Ko~~M,W. a., -L&, I bring aisa, corn, food, P~~V~BIOIIE. / ing ; plUr., robes,dress. I together. +W UW~~MO~W- phror, 37, aros, TÓ, the month (oj - vi. they hadcol- "hp &-S UE$bW lected. etc. n At& pru.and mpqJ rare, UKO~and UROTOÛWL WÛKOV, OU, 76, fig. inatead, I look abont uscd 1 OT~LT~.~,aros, rd, campe, wAA+, W. a., I collect to- carefully, examine, consider. j army. gether, summon together,call kwpoor, ow, T& equipment, kit, meeting of. Mid. ard ! TWdW, U. %B d W- bqgmge., chk& in plural. p, u. mid., I mve n~ couect together, -ti? &q~,Qs, 4, tent, booth. . soldier, take the field, am- wpgdMp, v. a,, I throw to- i tinne the maroh, ü. 15. gether, bring together. Mid "qv6 (W),v. R, I eet up tan?, eup., I contribute, give (my encamp, take up quartern m. ~ ~M04d,Bgemeral. opinion), a e upon,iii. 3; WK~~WOW,~0602, b. nmdl couch, m,âS, t), amy. form (frienEp1, vi. 35. ' low bed, truckle bed. mpa-, ou, b, a eoldier. QUILBOX/I, 4, bnD&g to- gether, meeting, enmonter. WK~,05, b, watchmen, ont- mparudh, v. R, end more post, stationcd on high post to often WrptL~pb,U. *Wh+ v. a., I advise, ovdook e-. mid., I enosmp, bivouac. COUId, beEhW'WUd Upon, concur in advising, amth &. OKO~(&),v. a. (pm.andimp. uTpìLd-w&w, ou, 70, en en- Mid., 1 consult with a mon, act.andmid.: 0th tenece- cempment, camp. kk his advice, with dat. rdrropa, q. v.), I look about dully, examine, investi- +h, v- a., mP+, etc., 1 (4, v. a., -+W,I te, try to hd, consider. make ta turn ;mid. and paae., shout to ether wlth, at &erste, set ,myeel.f to dis- I tarn, tarn. round. once ; df mc., iii. 4 they con- cover. Mililary, I doont- Erv+~op, a Stymphalian, &outed to one another look duty, reconnoitre. natlve of 8tymphdus, town tinually. UKU~~,v. a., I strip m dain in Amdia near Tegea, i. 30, enemy of &rmE. ii 7, iv. 10. X~l~pls,81.eodiangene~,iii.4. O-Ú, cd,$ur. tpt,pers. of 2nd pa.. thou. uvpplyvulr\ v. a.. -#U, etc., I , 4 BOPhaanetUs, nux to ether, combme. h- c& gend, v. 13. T- u~-K& (eo), v. a., -mA&, ek., trans.,% have dealings with, dvrr.m, 3/, e.08rcenee.n,want, cd1 together, cd1 a meet. meet in cloee 6 ht, meet, leck. ing of, summon together. unite with, with cf&. XWydqe, ou, 6, a apertan, o+K~L~,W. &p., lie together, o-uydpw, v. a., I eend along VI. 30. am put together; agreed on Wlth. &m, v. a., arc@, hrpa, bepeen lm pM-ti€S. T¿ oiy- I &raptta, r!arùprlr, trappt, nkijmou. iii. 4, the appointed I BOW seed, I watter .about meeting place, render-voua. .. .. --

VOCBBULARY. 117 1 l16 ETPOT ANABAZIZ. m-~&vrœ,U. m., I arrange to- a-ph, as, 8, deb, de gether. MiLw, aet. amd return (v. 14), deliverence, mid., draw up in order, form nalvatírm, prwrvation. in line, order of battle, v. 31. arrgpoV@m, -c&, U. m., I make I) pemn crtb&wv, remdl him to m, v. m., impwJ uuvfpp~w, Tow together, ntream to- hin aen~ea. teach control. gether. OOmmoneearee. , a+& (CO), U. m., I am wudtal, v. R , auld, &., I u@pv, i.e. of mund mind, sanmble, di~nret,have com- P,id UPI paok baggage up my together-W, mon nenue (ii. 11). get kit mether. \

VOCABULARY. 110 l quickest wayposeible. bel drrüpes, a, nurn. dj.,four. rdXma, iii. 21, M EOOU an. T&,adv.,artbtieally,skil- IQ br, cîa, l, adj., quick, swift. ully. rq. *WS, i. S, with a bona .@drruw,rd~mor. A&. certain skill. quickly, rapidly, -x( &m, adv., so long, meanwhile, P-tJY. for a time, for a while. W, enditic, and ; ... and. both rL+, v. a., @+W, CBqNa, rd- -1 gcn P. P. 84. Bema, d@etpi;h&v, I plue. dvhv,3 pl. aymopated perf. Tyrcwkv, ¿, Timesion, a &ceÆ OVfiK'l'. , amrclceteci gmmd in plaa *K&, PCTJ m. WUKW. of CzCarJlun, iii. 14, v. 28. ow, r6,e d.asp. rbund TLP~,fs, honour, repute. a city, a fort, forti6ed town. TL@ (au),v. a., +U, I honour. dm,ou, sd, chid (rhw, I &,rl, ink. pm.,who? what? beget). rq,rt,indqf.pron.'ed.,anyone, am,v. n., in pee&only, I any thing, me. #va rd,vi. oome into being, I am. ol ZS, an individuel, one man. reAcBet, vi 38, M,am not Oflm uscd like Freuch on, forthcornin Poetic d in ad OirrnOR man, where we ~oricad Lc prom. uw thepmaiw, vi. 10. Adv. TL, in way, in thing. TfAydOB, 9, W, a4.l ht, any any hmdmoat. nrpbub, v. a., rphu, Apwua, .rd.vr(! (au), v. a., -+W, etc, *PP=, hp3@v,r@*oP=, to au end [r&or]; I wound. .Iv. bnYn., wme to an end,die. kr, ditic &e, assuredly, Pa&&, reA&r, iii. 8, let me &ou. nt hetthey ..., or they ended ~YW,infmnlial part., there- b. fore, well then, very well dos, om, rd, end, malt, con- them, now, then. clneion. rmor tJ&rw, v. 2, IO-, -ah, -OROOT -oRw,, beingfininhed, over. Zit¿ e.pm., such .B this, such, dhur, vi. 11, throughout, of such a soit, of this deacrip- oonstant. Adv. at la& tion, no great, m. bad, etc. +Kw-xAwr, (U,a, num. wAp& (au), v. a., *W, I under- ad~.,four thoueaud. take, venture on, am bold uovwr, (U,a, nam. adj., enough to, am emboldened Tour hundred. to, dare. -mm, num adj., forty. m,OU, ò, e bowmm,archer. .VOCABULARY. ' 121 m, v. n., I am to begin wiz, I am here already, I begin, take initiative. rb hdppwa,the 'etockinband.' IK&U ham., iv. 9, with the meam et their commmd with gen. and m., with gem., over, ebove; on behalfof, for; (2) with m.,beyond, above. W-- U. a., I throw he- gond w above ; p beyond, exceed. march over, crws, mntains, etc., v. 7. h-+,O. a, I ' hold nuder, mpp. h. akqv, I nuder- p ~udlcisleb~, w nub~tto pundment, vi. 16.

take, promim. M, prep., radid BtMB nuder. (1) W*h genitive (a)sfplace, under; from under, h. 22 ; (h) O a@, by, at the hm& I of, dy reeson of, under the o&rE of. (2) .With dative (a of phee, reat' under; (b) o).subj&&m, eubject to. (8) With (a) place, motion aa. of a, under; , (h) of timCl jant about, .near, ,tower&. 6ao-8(XOpu~v. &p., I meive into m hoam, shelter, v. 31 j take c6qe of, undertake. h.[byLov, T¿, a for -, v. a,1 -m,wetch, ou, tideguard. Intr., I do picket the yoke, beast of burden; duty. Nur.; baggage animab. .. 121 VOCABULARY. APPENDIX ON VARIOUS READINGS. I26

Page 7. C. 2, 1, between rd and Ta ~A~I~UWTCSadd lrA&wm I4pow Tfp N ~r-hv ¿Unp, Ivk 4 ‘W &p$WaUh1, Kd WOT8@V T& +Ta’ “Po“‘ rd Brppd6wr00, hrm81 -3-l roo -AxvoII ped morw Too IhpOnh To3rov a, ‘I M they cbaeted along they came in eight of Janon’s beach, where the (shp)’Arpis said to have anchored, and the APPENDIX ON VARIOUS READINGS. moutb of the rivers, firet of the Thermodon, then of the Irie, next of the He)ye, and after thii of the Partheniun:and (after co~ting . p&) the latter ... .” Thin pwqe involven a geographid .blunder, to west of Sino spota alresdy Fedin v on eset of rhope. It in probably interpolatedL%- by Mme ignorant edycommentator or, rcribe from V. vi. 9: others think it in m extraot from Xenophon’s “note-book ” cereleesly put in here by himaelf. ,, 8. c. 2. 9 II, drel 8’ O~OL,hl 6’ oh, 8’ otv ,reeuming sfter aigrerurion, ‘be that na it may ... .

,, B. c. 2, 5 11, u~pwok,Aopok, ‘capbine,’ most MES.:refera to nwne O cers. ,, 10. c. 2, 13, /.KT¿ S& {.~LY~VTW}F’ ah&, ma, with them,’ La wlth Achasms end Aro~dimr, but he Wwtd 7rot wish to p with them. Krüger ruggeata pr’ ahû, i.e. mth Cheirieophne. ,, 10. c. 2, 5 16, TCT~K~~X~~OIKa1 wev~a~¿uror,. v K~ALOLalone, = 4OOO. Se note on test. ,, 11. c. 3, 5 1, Add at be ‘nnh of chapter, “Ov ph *~4W~9v6Bpu¿Px4~rrPvrk APPENDIX ON VARIOUSREADINGS. ln 126 c. 5, 5 25, ~p,YoA$u,~rporPoAip, ‘ for the charge.’ c. 6, il, &uep hb iuu&w ... , &my 01 hrb Mmv... , ‘ like those who had been (lit. were heing formerly) pursued by the cavalry,’ ref. to Tirnaaion’s charge. c. B, 5 4, due&Lrruueu, &U&[KWV, marne meaning. C. 6, 8 ... ol~bpzu~RAAwe cls T¿ 6ps elX*aau, YSS. gve oixbpuot, -RAAoL cls 7b aps, Ka1 elA4+aau, which is emended in various was, e.g. (1) BB ill text,’Bornemann’s coni. : (e) ... olxdpvo~(IMor rk Sb (Ipos’ , ml cUq+wav ... , L and others (happened) to be . oing for booty to the hill connby, and they fad captured (many sheep). Mwmiohael. (3) .. . olxdpor morUn & d dpos rlX +v, ‘going to the hill country, aome In one 1irection, others in another, had cap tured ... .’ (Pretor.) c. 6, g 11, Ji.e~, &+er, he nought. c. 6, 8 18, dfmaOe, r0terOe. imperetive, ‘strive to reach in esfety _...’ c. 6. g 16, 6m1, h,same mnse. c. 6, g 22, dro8ppdwa, add Aermrov, repeated for emphasie. c. 8,# 24, r8u map& aoû add ~dpq T& wap’ M~~VTMV,‘and not one of the runawaye from ourselves.’ c. 6, g 28, ouudrros, lodros, ‘such a man,’ i.e. ‘ the me stands so with you ’ : lacuna in best MS. at this spot. c. 6, g 31, Ù#ETTO, *eh, ‘permitted.’ C. 6, I 38, iAOeiu, S~~WV,‘pus out through a land of stregere ... . ,(€+etor) - .-. .

INDEX.

Conetructio KaTh rkrarv, ii. !repos. 'different from,' with 10, v. 11. K.,iv. 8. Cotyora, i. 1. deb, ii. 18, iii. !U. Dative of Interest or Refer- !&I, ' ta the outside of,' v. 7. ence, iii. 10, iv. 1. 12 Frequentative Optative, i. 21, # in apodosia, vi. 16. iii 7, vi 2 Ô&OS, (of omen), i 23. A&~ror, i. 32, vi. 6. 7. Gdtive Absolute, iv. 7. Drinking party, i. 6. - - no subject expressad, iv. dhes gen. for Ikru, i 9. 17. _- with one of terms in Eagle (es omen), i. 23. different cm in mame sen- INDEX €xw with adverb intrans., i. tence. v. 17. 21, etc. - of comparison after hrepos, To the nore important Noter O¿ with fut. iudic. in conditional iv. 8 ; hepor, iv. 9. sentence, iii. 12, v. 19, vi. - dep. on neut. pron. or clauae, 10.12. 13. ii. 4. el p4 TIS IK~L~L,vi. 10. - Accoaative Abnolute, 'Apph,i.. 15. Locel, vi. 38. i !X!:. el TLTEKa1 dAAore. iv. 12. -- Partitive, ii 11 ; vi. 18. Adverbial, i. 18, ii. m. 1. dphr,IV. 18. - a, ehrep, i. 26. ylyumr, m kp¿, iv. 9. 9, iv. 3.4.8, v. 10, vi. 12.15.23. Article, rL rpo8bqw, '' you elr, 'ssmgards,"for,'iii.17(14), - Anticiputoxy, i. 23. iv. 27, traitor," vi. 7. v. 14. v. 17. Attraction, Relative, ii. 12, v. &,in composition,' thoroughly, ' Hmëne, i. 15. - Copte, ii. 4, iii. 6. 19. ii. 4. Earmost, iv. 18. 'Axepow& Xeppbvqror, ii 2. a6&, i. 11. - &de from,' iii. 20. Hemlea, ii. 1. abAoúpwoc, 11. Active(indef.) for Eng.pewive, i - out of the oountry,' ii. 15, vi. 10. 96. Iddmp, '' laymen," i. 31, MC 4, i. Bithynie, 17. vi. 34. Adjective for Adverb, iv. ii. #K Gr VLK~S,i. 18. VOIdndmy. 11. 14. 26. Boor h¿¿&S, iv. 22. 25. CKa~oc,'elrchcleae,"iagroups,'Lep¿, v. 21: eitive) in neut. plnr. am Bu&vmw, iv. 2. iv. 9, vi. 33. Infinitive, Epexegetic or Ex- bvoO d,i. 28. planatory, li. 9,- iv. 3, vi. 8. Abrâves, i. 7. Canotaph, iv. 9. C~~ALOSpveh. i 11. 16. 36. &AaA¿&, v. 28. Chalcedonia, vi. 38. $Ar, ' under cover of,' v. 7. KdopO, iii. 15,v. 8. O dAX6, abrupt objeation, Xeppbuquos 'Axepouardr, ii. 2. introd. hl, '60 fetch,' ii. 2. ' Kal, 'when,' iv. 28, v. 7. etc., i 31. without du, vi. 55. m,ehw M 'V. 9. cd ... 66, ii. 9, iii. 8. 19, vi. 7. MAor, ' next,' i. 15 ; 'besides,' XplwbroArr, vi. 38. mpaTor~*o:,l~ camp,' v. 4. frai Ir, v. 22. iv. 23. Colouiestion Scheme, iv. 7. Ir1 3&a ebrAiovrr, iv. 1. KkXmp ALØL~W,iv. 1. dp#4, etxov dp&, vi. 1. Conditional Sentence, change hlrab elpars, v. 23. KaAx~CouL,vi. 38. barpeiu and batpebOar, iv. 9. in epod. from fut. to pm., Id[&m I8&ovro. i. 3. napah (dance), i 7. . dva~aAQ,vi. 7. iii. 12. IuLK~~T&,h¿ 5, iv. 4. Kar¿ xdpau drlhrar, iv. 11. drt0-6, ' dido BI to,' vi. 13. - Mwar without du, vi. 25. 'Hp¿&xELa, ii. 1. Kad%w,' hFrry,' ïi. 10. ' Appition,Artitive, iv. 3, - el with fut. indic., iii. 12, 'EpaAGr h&,ii. 16. KWOTWOY, IV. 9. vi. 12. v. 19, vi. 10. 12 13. I 128 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. INliEX. 131 Style, Worde, non-Attic,Cont. rA~bu$pue&, iii. 16 (18). Style, Worde, nou-Attic, Con¿. &lor, v. 2. 21, poaic. T~MOW,vi. 36, poetic und roXA4. ‘I hgWsy,”.iii. 14 (16). Doric aqrd pose. roXl&+ vi A MaAdfw, v. 26. 87, poetie Ionic tráhy7tdfu, v. 27, poetic. rpûypu, uh .~p¿ypwrv, drev ancl late pm. , Lita;tea,’i.28. dA~Bor,iv. 6, ram and late. - Words not found elsewhere: Ahor #hKLS, V. 9. rpaypd~wu,111. 6. Pregnant uae, with prepmition, duIperbsr)r, v. 14, raw and &qr)AarG, i. 8. Adr river, ìi. Y. Me. smpoßoXla, vi. 16. Wv rat &~rrou,ii 16. ~l.~,iv.~.g.l~,~.~.~, vi 23.a. iKpqplh/UU, V. 22, --Attic. uupr&rov, i. 6. -with adverb, ii. 8, vi. 18. i.$arbqc, ir. 26, rare àh uap r~~ tws, V. B, vi. a Mav+cs, i. 7. Attic. W@, Id defence i. 8. MavrrveíS, i. 11. in of,” rpoßahopdvour 7h drAa, v. 16. e€á, ri. 17, mre in Altù Tensee, i. 5, ii. 8. Mapraw&nkd, ii. 1. Thrace, Asiatic, ii. 17. rpoßoA*, tls, V. 25. PM. Meiosis, i. 1. rararaluw, vi. 31, non-Attic. Bdpars, Pdrais, v. 23. Middle, Csud, i. 2.2. Provision money, ii. 4. rpb@os, v. 14. ~~o~d~or,iv. 9, mm-dlic rprb +@U orria, ii. 4. - Inrhect Mesive,V. 3. KC~~TLYO~,me. Tpbrarov, v. 31. Ileciprocsl, i. 15. rp&r&, “introduce.” v. 14. - 22, ii. cupplxlr (dence), i. 12. K~W~E~W,i. 1, non-Attic. -¿m, coincidence in time, Pyrrhic dauce, i. 12 Aa+vpwroAG, vi. 38, non i. 2. val rb urd, vi. 34. Attic. TU~~U,W. SbEOl., i. m. Number of Army, ii. 16. pqaXqyopB, iij. 18, me, Rehtive attraction, ii. 12, v. only in XempLn. ÙTb, ‘ from under,’ iv. M. ‘25. 19, vi. 22. reraphop, iv. 12, petic. kb irwpazdp, iv. 4. olwubs (omen), i. O, v. 21. 6 vi 20. roAlfw, vi. 4, hourijuar r?p dpx$r, i. 19. ¿K& ~4.vi. 5. wpa, Ionk pu@&, i. 11. . urydfw, i. 32, ram. ~UTEPOS, with gen., iv. 9. $rAa rleeae~~.v. 3. ’ Optative of Indef. Frequency, i 21, iii. 7, vi. 4 Schtsri, vi. 38. &v efter verb of striving, q+. subj. omitted, v. 25. . i. 17. ’ ’ Zlvwrr), i. 15. Orstio Obliqua, interchange of EhaAKas (song), i. 6. indic. and opt., i. 16. 25. utsr)pCurov,’ ii. 4. - traneition to Oretio Recta, Sparten paca with Athens, ii. 5, vi. E:,.. i. 27. 3s &V,final, III. 16 (IS). r$dyta, v. 21. OG pj, with subj., ‘certaiuly rroubl,’ ì. 6. not,’ ii. 4. ~PTL¿=brAh~, iii. .. Style, Anacoluthon, IV. 18. . rdau, i. 5. .. - Carelme writinp, i. 20. 26, raauifw, i. d. iii 14 (W),iv. 19:. Pamhia, v. 90. - $U no IC, ii. 4, 111. 17 (14). Partitive apposition, iv. 3, vi. - Mixture of two conetrue- 12., tiona, iv. 18. repurK¿u (dance), i. 10. - Wordn, non-Attic, etc.: ath, iii’ ‘19, ph.