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Tafsiran Ayat-Ayat Sifat: Perbandingan Antara Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi Dan Ibn Taymiyyah

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Tafsiran Ayat-Ayat Sifat: Perbandingan Antara Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi Dan Ibn Taymiyyah View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Malaya Students Repository TAFSIRAN AYAT-AYAT SIFAT: PERBANDINGAN ANTARA FAKHR AL-DIN AL-RAZI DAN IBN TAYMIYYAH AHMAD NAZRI BIN ZAINOL DISERTASI INI DIKEMUKAKAN UNTUK MEMENUHI KEPERLUAN BAGI IJAZAH SARJANA USULUDDIN BAHAGIAN II (SECARA BERKURSUS DAN DISERTASI) JABATAN AL-QUR’AN DAN AL-HADITH BAHAGIAN PENGAJIAN USULUDDIN AKADEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR SESI 2010 i MOTTO ÉΟŠÏm§9$# Ç⎯≈uΗ÷q§9$# «!$# ÉΟó¡Î0 ∩⊇⊇∪ çÅÁt7ø9$# ßìŠÏϑ¡ 9$# uθèδuρ ( Ö™ï†x« ⎯ÏμÎ=÷WÏϑx. }§øŠs9 4 Surah al-SyËra (42) ayat :11 Terjemahan: Tidak ada sesuatupun yang serupa dengan Dia, dan Dia-lah yang Maha mendengar dan Melihat. ii PENGHARGAAN Alhamdulillah, segala puji dan syukur kepada Allah yang telah mengurniakan segala nikmat dan hidayah kepada pengkaji yang akhirnya mampu untuk menunaikan disertasi ini yang bertajuk : Tafsiran Ayat-Ayat Sifat: Perbandingan Antara Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ Dan Ibn Taymiyyah. Pengkaji menyedari bahawa kesempurnaan penulisan disertasi ini adalah kerana bantuan yang diberikan oleh pelbagai pihak. Pada kesempatan ini pengkaji ingin merakamkan jutaan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada: Penyelia tesis ini iaitu Prof Madya Dr. Mustafa bin Abdullah kerana telah sudi menerima pelawaan menyelia tesis ini dengan amat baik sekali, mudah-mudahan segala usaha yang telah beliau sumbangkan dikira sebagai ganjaran pahala yang tak ternilai diakhirat kelak. Tidak lupa juga sekalung penghargaan ditujukan buat Akademi Pengajian Islam Universiti Malaya yang telah menjadi perantara mencurahkan ilmu yang amat berharga dan akan dikenang sampai bila-bila. Syukran JazÊlan kepada semua guru-guru yang telah mencurahkan ilmu kepada saya, kerana dengan sumbangan kalian saya dapat berdiri sebagai seorang pencinta ilmu agama berteraskan Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-JamÉ’ah. Jutaan terima kasih ini juga ditujukan khas buat kedua Ibubapa saya iaitu Zainol bin Musa dan Azizah bte Ismail kerana mendidik dan membelai saya sehingga dapat menggengam segulung Ijazah. Tanpa mereka mungkin kaki ini tidak akan melangkah ke kemuncaknya. Tidak lupa juga kepada kedua Ibu Bapa mertua saya iaitu Hj Mohd Hassan bin Salleh serta Hjh Che Som bte Muhammad. Seterusnya buat Isteri tercinta dan tersayang Hasyireen bte Mohd Hassan kerana menjadi isteri yang baik, memahami dan mithali buat tiga cahayamata yang dikasihi Nabyla saajidah, Nabyla Safia dan Nabyla Zahrah seterusnya kepada seluruh ahli keluarga yang tercinta. Sungguhpun nama-nama kalian tidak tercatat dilembaran ini namun dihati tetap terpahat kasih sayang terhadap iii kalian semua. Terima kasih kerana telah menjadi api yang membakar semangat untuk saya terus dan terus berjuang bagi memantapkan ilmu di dada. Terima kasih sekali lagi semoga Allah Azza Wajalla akan mempertemukan kita dihari akhirat kelak sebagai sebuah keluarga di dalam Syurga firdausi. Terima kasih yang tak terhingga juga buat seluruh sahabat handai yang banyak membantu dalam usaha menyiapkan tesis ini, iaitu ditujukan buat Wahid Sehat, Hafiz ‘Alwi, Tarmizi Abd Razak, Naje, Hasniza, dan semua sahabat seperjuangan. Semoga segala bantuan, dorongan dan kerjasama baik yang diberikan diberi ganjaran pahala yang berlipat kali ganda. Akhir Sekali buat semua yang terlibat secara langsung atau tidak langsung di dalam menyiapkan tesis ini. Terima kasih…terima kasih…Segala pertolongan yang diberikan walaupun sedikit moga Allah membalasnya dengan rahmat yang berlipat kali ganda…..ÓmÊn ya Rabb al-‘ÓlamÊn… Sekian. Ahmad Nazri bin Zainol. Jabatan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadith Akademi Pengajian Islam Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. iv DEDIKASI Ya Allah Ya ‘AzÊz Ya SamÊ’ Ya BaÎÊr, Syukur yang tak terhingga, di atas segala nikmat yang Engkau kurniakan ini, Sesungguhnya segala nikmat yang Engkau curahkan ini tidak terhitung olehku banyaknya, kerananya Aku dapat belajar dan menyumbang demi kemajuan Islam. Ya HabÊbi Qalbi Aba al-QÉsim, Sekalung rindu dan penghargaan diatas hidayah Islam yang kau bawa bersamamu Sahabat-sahabat tercinta Akan ku cuba dan berusaha agar mampu menjadi penerus kesinambungan kegemilangan dan kehebatan Agama Islam. Zainol Musa dan Azizah Ismail Terima kasih diatas segala curahan kasih sayang yang dilimpahkan, Mungkin tak terbalas segala pengorbanan kalian walaupun seluruh isi bumi di persembahkan. Doa-doa kalian ibarat pelita yang menerangi anak yang berdosa ini, Dikala ini aku mengimpikan untuk menjadi UwaÊs al-Qarani yang berbakti kepada kedua orang tuanya. Hj Hassan Saleh dan Hajjah Che Som Terima kasih kerana sudi menerima diri ini sebagai sebahagian daripada ahli keluarga Semoga curahan kasih sayang yang diberikan akan dibalas Allah dengan ganjaran pahala yang berlipat kali ganda. Saiful Azmi, Jun, Zubaidah,Din dan Zuratul Ain Semoga Allah memberikan kebahagian kepada kita bersama, Semoga hidup kita diberkati dan diredainya. Hasyireen, Nabyla Saajidah, Nabyla Safia dan Nabyla Zahrah Terima kasih diatas segala dorongan sokongan dan doa kalian Semoga kita akan bahagia keakhir hayat . Guru-guruku Alfu khaÊr wa shukran jazÊlan Terima kasih kuucapkan di atas ilmu yang dicurahkan Aku sedar curahan ilmu kalian tidak mengharapkan balasan Tetapi semestinya dariku iringan doa yang berkekalan v Abstrak Tafsiran Ayat-Ayat Sifat: Perbandingan Antara Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ Dan Ibn Taymiyyah al-HarrÉni. Disertasi ini merupakan satu kajian perbandingan antara dua tokoh yang tidak asing lagi iaitu Fakhr al-DÊn al- RÉzÊ (544H/601H-1149M/1210M) dan Ibn Taymiyyah al-HarrÉni (661H- 728H/1263M-1328M). Kajian ini cuba mengenalpasti aspek-aspek perbezaan antara dua aliran yang berbeza dari aspek metode dan fahaman dengan memfokuskan kepada perbahasan ayat-ayat sifat dalam karya TafsÊr MafÉtÊÍ al-Ghayb dan al-TafsÊr al-KabÊr. Dalam usaha untuk mendapatkan data-data yang diperlukan, pengkaji telah menggunakan pendekatan persejarahan dan pendekatan dokumentasi. Manakala untuk menganalisis data digunakan induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Kajian ini mendapati Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ yang mewakili mazhab khalaf telah mentakwil keseluruhan ayat-ayat sifat berdasarkan penggabungan dan pengharmonian hujah ‘aql dan naql, manakala Ibn Taymiyyah pula tetap berdiri di atas satu prinsip iaitu menolak apa saja takwilan yang merubah makna al-Qur’an serta penerimaan nas-nas ma’thËr secara zahir. vi ABSTRACT The Interpretation Of Verses On “Øifat”: A Comparative Study Between Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ And Ibn Taymiyyah al-HarrÉni. The study attempts to analyse the methods of interpretation and understanding of the verses between the two renowned Islamic scholars, Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ (544H/601H-1149M/1210M) and Ibn Taymiyyah al-HarrÉni (661H- 728H/1263M-1328M) based on their respective works TafsÊr MafÉtÊÍ al- Ghayb and al-TafsÊr al-KabÊr. To gather the required data the researcher uses the historical and documentation method while inductive, deductive and comparative approaches in analyzing the data. The study finds that Fakhr al-Din al-Razi representing the Khalaf school interpreted the verses by the combination and harmonization of ‘aql and naql. On the other hand, Ibn Taymiyyah strictly interpreted them literally and accepted the meaning of the ma’thËr verses as denoted literally. Ibn Taymiyyah rejected analogy as a method in the interpretation of al-Qur’an. vii JADUAL TRANSLITERASI HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI Ï ط A,Hamzah ا ,ء Ð ظ B ب ’ ع T ت gh غ Th ث f ف J ج q ق × ح k ك Kh خ l ل D د m م Dh ذ n ن R ر w و Z ز h ﻩ S س y ي Sy ش h ة Ø ص Ö ض VOKAL PANJANG HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI Ô,Ê ى Ó,É ﺁ Õ,Ë و VOKAL PENDEK HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI Fathah A Kasrah i Dammah U viii DIFTONG HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI HURUF ARAB TRANSLITERASI Aww و Aww او Iy/i ي Ay اي Sumber : Buku Panduan Penulisan Tesis /Disertasi ijazah Tinggi (2001), Akademi pengajian Islam KEPENDEKAN s.w.t - SubÍÉnahu wa ta’Éla s.a.w - Øallalahu ’alaihi wasallam r.a - RaÌiyallahu ’anhu T.P - Tiada Penerbit T.T.P - Tiada Tempat Penerbit t.t - Tanpa Tarikh c. - Cetakan h. - Halaman Ibid - Ibidem(Latin)- Pada rujukan yang sama op.cit - Opra Citato(Latin)- Dalam rujukan yang telah disebut j. - Jilid no. - Nombor Dr. - Doktor Pent. - PenPent.emah TahqÊq - Pentahqiq ix ISI KANDUNGAN Judul Halaman Muka Surat Motto ii Penghargaan iii Dedikasi v Abstrak vi Abstract vii Jadual Transliterasi viii Kependekan ix BAB SATU Pendahuluan 1.1 Latar Belakang 3 1.2 Masalah Kajian 4 1.3 Objektif Kajian 5 1.4 Kepentingan Kajian 5 1.5 Pengertian Tajuk 6 1.6 Skop Kajian 9 1.7 Ulasan Penulisan Terdahulu ( Literature Review) 9 1.8 Metodologi Penyelidikan 14 1.9 Sistematika Penulisan 17 BAB DUA Biografi Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ Dan Ibn Taymiyyah al-HarrÉni Serta Karya. 2.1 Biografi Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzi (544H-606H/ 1149-1209M) 19 2.1.1 Nama dan gelaran 19 2.1.2 Kelahiran Imam Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ 21 x 2.1.3 Latar Belakang Keluarga 22 2.1.4 Sifat keperibadiannya 24 2.1.5 Pujian para Ulamak 24 2.1.6 Pendidikan dan Guru-gurunya 26 2.1.7 Akidah dan Mazhab Fakhr al-DÊn al-RÉzÊ 29 2.1.8 Murid-Muridnya 32 2.1.9 Pengembaran 34 2.1.10 Hasil Karya 36 2.1.11 Kematian 41 2.1.12 Pengenalan Tafsir MafatÊÍ al-Ghayb 43 2.2 Biografi Ibn Taymiyyah (661H-728H/1263M-1328M) 2.2.1 Pendahuluan 48 2.2.2 Nama dan gelaran 49 2.2.3 Kelahiran Ibn Taymiyyah 49 2.2.4 Latar Belakang Keluarga 50 2.2.5 Sifat keperibadiannya 52 2.2.6 Pandangan para ulama 54 2.2.7 Pendidikan dan Guru-gurunya 55 2.2.8 Akidah dan Mazhab Ibn Taymiyyah 56 2.2.9 Murid-Muridnya 57 2.2.10 Hasil Karya 58 2.2.11 Kematian 61 2.2.12 Pengenalan al-TafsÊr al-KabÊr 62 xi BAB TIGA Ayat Sifat Menurut Tafsir Fakhr al-DÊn Al-RÉzÊ Dan Ibn Taymiyyah al-HarrÉni 3.
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