An Arabic Language Resource for Computational Morphology Based on the Semitic Model Alexis Neme
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Considerations About Semitic Etyma in De Vaan's Latin Etymological Dictionary
applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” Philology, vol. 4/2018/2019, pp. 35–156 © 2019 Ephraim Nissan - DOI https://doi.org/10.3726/PHIL042019.2 2019 Considerations about Semitic Etyma in de Vaan’s Latin Etymological Dictionary: Terms for Plants, 4 Domestic Animals, Tools or Vessels Ephraim Nissan 00 35 Abstract In this long study, our point of departure is particular entries in Michiel de Vaan’s Latin Etymological Dictionary (2008). We are interested in possibly Semitic etyma. Among 156 the other things, we consider controversies not just concerning individual etymologies, but also concerning approaches. We provide a detailed discussion of names for plants, but we also consider names for domestic animals. 2018/2019 Keywords Latin etymologies, Historical linguistics, Semitic loanwords in antiquity, Botany, Zoonyms, Controversies. Contents Considerations about Semitic Etyma in de Vaan’s 1. Introduction Latin Etymological Dictionary: Terms for Plants, Domestic Animals, Tools or Vessels 35 In his article “Il problema dei semitismi antichi nel latino”, Paolo Martino Ephraim Nissan 35 (1993) at the very beginning lamented the neglect of Semitic etymolo- gies for Archaic and Classical Latin; as opposed to survivals from a sub- strate and to terms of Etruscan, Italic, Greek, Celtic origin, when it comes to loanwords of certain direct Semitic origin in Latin, Martino remarked, such loanwords have been only admitted in a surprisingly exiguous num- ber of cases, when they were not met with outright rejection, as though they merely were fanciful constructs:1 In seguito alle recenti acquisizioni archeologiche ed epigrafiche che hanno documen- tato una densità finora insospettata di contatti tra Semiti (soprattutto Fenici, Aramei e 1 If one thinks what one could come across in the 1890s (see below), fanciful constructs were not a rarity. -
Some Observations on the Hebrew Desiderative Construction – a Dependency-Based Account in Terms of Catenae1
Thomas Groß Some Observations on the Hebrew Desiderative Construction – A Dependency-Based Account in Terms of Catenae1 Abstract The Modern Hebrew (MH) desiderative construction must obey four conditions: 1. A subordinate clause headed by the clitic še= ‘that’ must be present. 2. The verb in the subordinate clause must be marked with future tense. 3. The grammatical properties genus, number, and person tend to be specified, i.e. if the future tense affix is underspecified, material tends to appear that aids specification, if contextual recovery is unavailable. 4. The units of form that make up the constructional meaning of the desiderative must qualify as a catena. A catena is a dependency-based unit of form, the parts of which are immediately continuous in the vertical dimension. The description of the individual parts of the desiderative must address trans-, pre-, and suffixes, and cliticization. Catena-based morphology is representational, monostratal, dependency-, construction-, and piece-based. 1. Purpose, means and claims The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the Hebrew desiderative construction. This construction is linguistically interesting and challenging for a number of reasons. 1. It is a periphrastic construction, with fairly transparent compositionality. 2. It is transclausal, i.e. some parts of the construction reside in the main clause, and others in the subordinated clause. The complementizer is also part of the construction. 3. The construction consists of more than one word, but it does not qualify as a constituent. Rather the construction cuts into words. 4. Two theoretically 1 I want to thank Outi Bat-El (Tel Aviv University) and three anonymous reviewers for their help and advice. -
Issues in Minority Languages and Language Development Studies in Nigeria a Festschrift in Honour of Andrew Haruna
Issues in minority languages and language development studies in Nigeria A Festschrift in honour of Andrew Haruna 199 Ali Usman Umar Department of Nigerian Languages Federal University of Lafia ° ° ° Infixes and Infixation Processes in Hausa Morphology Abstract The aim of the paper is to investigate the phenomena of Hausa infixes and infixation. While the former refers to those affixal morphemes that are inserted within roots/stems/bases so as to bring about new word-forms, the latter has to do with the processes through which the infixes are to be realized. In order for the aforementioned to be detected, the study brings closely the data-driven outputs of Hausa infixes and empirically observes their nature and behavior as they are processed. In other words, the analysis of the data is based on the descriptive approach. Thus, the study attempts to account reviews on general outlook of Hausa infixation processes. It also highlights some points of arguments debated by some Hausaists on the manifestation or realization of infixes in Hausa. The resultant facts of this investigation reveal that there are a fairly considerable number of infixal morphemes which are functional and productive for inflectional, derivational and/or reduplicative purposes in the language. These infixes are sub-grouped into three headings, namely: vocalic, consonantal and syllabic infixation as it had been the norm with most affixing languages such as Semitic and Berber of the Afro-Asiatic phylum. Finally, the study discovers additional infixal morphemes which were not found in the previous works; these include: -c-, -y2aa-, -CG-, as well as those infixes that are used in Hausa language game. -
Translation of Religious Terminology: Al-Fat-H Al-Islami As a Model
International Journal of English Linguistics; Vol. 6, No. 3; 2016 ISSN 1923-869X E-ISSN 1923-8703 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Translation of Religious Terminology: al-fat-h al-islami as a Model Ali Al-Halawani1 1 Kulliyyah of Languages and Management (KLM), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Ali Al-Halawani, Kulliyyah of Languages and Management (KLM), IIUM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: March 6, 2016 Accepted: March 27, 2016 Online Published: May 25, 2016 doi:10.5539/ijel.v6n3p136 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n3p136 Abstract This paper is an attempt to illustrate the importance of understanding the religious and cultural background of the ST in the translation process in order to reach an accurate and precise translation product in the TL. The paper affirms that differences between cultures may cause complications which are even more serious for the translator than those arising from differences in language structures. The sample of the study is concerned with an Islamic term, namely al-fat-h al-Islami-commonly rendered into English as Islamic Conquest or Invasion- a religiously and culturally bound term/concept. The paper starts by defining culture, and then follows with an extensive lexical analysis of the selected term/concept. The study proves that it is difficult to translate this concept into the TL simply due to the lack of optimal or even near optimal cultural equivalents. The skill and the intervention of the translator are most crucial in this respect because, above all, translation is an act of communication. -
Thesis Submitted in Accordance with the Requirements for the Degree Of
Modern Arabic Literary Biography: A study of character portrayal in the works of Egyptian biographers of the first half of the Twentieth Century, with special reference to literary biography BY WAHEED MOHAMED AWAD MOWAFY Thesissubmitted in accordancewith the requirementsfor the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds The Department of Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies June 1999 I confirm that the work submitt&d is my own and that appropriate credit has been given where referenceshave been made to the work of others ACKNONNILEDGEMENTS During the period of this study I have received support and assistýncefrom a number of people. First I would like to expressmy sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor Dr. A. Shiviiel, who guided me throughout this study with encouragement, patience and support. His generoushelp was always there whenever neededand he undoubtedly easedmy task. I also acknowledgemy indebtednessto the Faculty of Da*ral-ýJlýrn, Cairo University, PP) OW Op 4t or and in particular to Profs. Raja Jabr and al-Tahir Ahmed Makki and Abd al-Sabur 000 SIýZin for inspiring me in my study of Arabic Literature. Next I would like to thank the Egyptian EducationBureau and in particular the Cultural Counsellorsfor their support. I also wish to expressmy gratitudeto Prof Atiyya Amir of Stockholm University, Prof. C Ob 9 Muhammad Abd al-Halim of S. 0. A. S., London University, Prof. lbrlfrim Abd al- C Rahmaonof Ain ShamsUniversity, Dr. Muhammad Slim Makki"and Mr. W. Aziz for 0V their unlimited assistance. 07 Finally, I would like to thank Mr. A. al-Rais for designing the cover of the thesis, Mr. -
Is Modern Hebrew Standard Average European? the View from European *
Is Modern Hebrew Standard Average European? The View from European * Amir Zeldes Abstract In contrast with previous work emphasizing European influences on Modern Hebrew as compared to the Biblical Hebrew model adopted by the Hebrew revival movement, this article sets out to examine relevant typological features of Modern Hebrew in its own right. Taking the typological literature on Standard Average European as a starting point, it is argued that Modern Hebrew is in fact quite far from the European type in the majority of pertinent features defined independently of the literature on Hebrew. Notwithstanding the many European influences present in Modern Hebrew, especially in phonology and semantics, and considerable differences compared to Biblical Hebrew, it will be shown that key structural similarities with European languages are remarkably few, and in most cases not due to the revival process at all. Keywords: SAE, Ivrit, Biblical Hebrew, language contact 1. Introduction The typological nature of Modern Hebrew has been the focus of much debate since its infancy. Already in the 1920s, when the first generation of native Modern Hebrew speakers was negotiating what would become the normalized grammar of the new language, 1 views from contemporary Semitists were expressed to the effect that the language spoken by Jewish settlers in British Palestine was in some way inauthentic, ‘un-Semitic’, and in particular European: The attempt to solve that task [=the modernization of Hebrew] without preparation had to lead to a feigned solution: to a Hebrew, that in reality was a European language in transparent Hebrew disguise , with outwardly general European traits and individual language peculiarities, but with only totally superficial Hebrew character. -
Religious Values to Counter Epidemic Political Immorality
Abrar A bi-monthly newsletter published by the Abrar Islamic Foundation 45 CrawfordEdior: Place, DrLondon Saeed W!H Shehabi 4LP A bi-monthly newsletter Tel:Published 020 7724 by the 3033 Abrar 45Fax: Crawford 020 7724 Place, 7219 LondonEmail: W1H 4LP Vol 13, No 18(306) 16th—31st March 2017 [email protected] Tel: 020Website: 7724 3033 Religious values to counter epidemic political immorality Fax:www.abrar.org.uk 020 7724 7219 Morality is the most significant absentee from gious orthodoxy in any of the Abrahamic reli- Email: the modern world. Although it is widely debat- gions. This makes the present political experi- Abrarhouse ed and cherished it is rarely embraced especial- ence devoid of divine legitimacy. The ongoing @hotmail.com ly in political and social life. It is clear that saga in America after the rise of Donald Trump Website “interests”, “political expediency” and and in Europe with the rise of the far right, “pragmatism” are given precedence by people means that the human race is still struggling to www.abraronline.net especially those in high places. It is more pre- define its political and ideological identities. It Charity no. 293802 sent in the poor man’s world than that of the still lives in the era that preceded religions. elites who have no affinity to moralistic codes There needs to be a force to move the world’s of conduct in public life. Politicians are proba- affairs forward with deep faith, morality and We stand for: bly the least moral people. The higher their po- ethical foundations. sitions the less likely that they would adopt to The planet is suffering in silence as only a such moral codes. -
Ill. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
Ill. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES IlI.1. Primary sources § 1. Manuscripts used Dunquz, Sar/:! = Dunquz, Sar/:! al-marii/:!, 100311585, private. Dunquz, Sar/:! B = Dunquz, Sar/:! al-marii/:! B, 959 A.H.l1527, owned by the Department of Middle East languages at Lund University. Ibn Mas'Ud, MS A = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4166, 947/1540, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Ibn Mas'ud, MS B = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4167, 966/1559, Bibliotheque NationaIe, Paris. Ibn Mas'ud, MS C = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4168, 16th century A.D., Bibliotheque NationaIe, Paris. Ibn Mas'ud, MS D = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'Ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4169, 16th century A.D., Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Ibn Mas'ud, MS E = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4170, 16th century A.D., Bibliotheque NationaIe, Paris. Ibn Mas'Ud, MS G = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4172, 16th century A.D., Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Ibn Mas'ud, MS H = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4173, 1033/1624, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Ibn Mas'Ud, MS 1 = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4174, 17th century A.D., BibIiotheque NationaIe, Paris. Ibn Mas'ud, MS J = Ai,lmad b. 'AU b. Mas'Ud, Marii/:! al-arwii/:!, 4182, 18th century A.D., Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Nlksm, Mifrii/:! = Nlksm, J:Iasan Pasa b. 'Alii'a I-DIn al-Aswad, the commentary al-Mifrii/:! fi sar/:! al-marii/:!,18th century, private. -
Ḥadīth-Amālī Sessions: Historical Study of a Forgotten Tradition in Classical Islam
Ḥadīth-Amālī Sessions: Historical Study of A Forgotten Tradition in Classical Islam Presented by: Marzoug A M Alsehail Supervised by: Dr. Mustapha Sheikh Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy University of Leeds School of Languages, Cultures and Societies Department of Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies September 2014 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. “This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement.” ii Acknowledgement In the name of God, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. First and foremost, I thank God (subhanahu wa tacala) for endowing me the strength, health, patience and knowledge to complete this thesis. Secondly, it would not have been possible to write this doctoral thesis without the help and support of the kind people around me, whose presence was indispensable through various difficulties I am sure most endure on journeys of this kind. I begin by expressing my sincere gratitude to my late mother Hind Al-Sardy who left this world too soon. Her death came at a critical time of my writing up—I only wish she had lived to see her son pass this final hurdle. I would like to express my appreciation to my father, Ahmad Al-Sehail for his support and his encouragement to me totake up the study of Ḥadīth. I acknowledge, with deep gratitude and appreciation, the inspiration,encouragement, valuable time and guidance given to me by my wife, Nabelah. -
The Poetry of Ibn Al-Qaysarani: a Stylistic Study / Al-Thughriyat As a Model
International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. www.ijicc.net Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021 The Poetry of Ibn Al-Qaysarani: A Stylistic Study / Al-Thughriyat as a Model Ismail Suliman Almazaidaha, Majed Gazi Alzubib, Moath Hazza Alzubic, aAssociate Professor of Arabic Literature, The University of Jordan, Amman, bProfessor of Arabic syntax, The University of Jordan, Amman, cAssistant Professor of Arabic syntax, The University of Jordan, Amman, Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] This study aims to examine the poetry of Ibn Al-Qaysarani, which he told during his trip to the thughoor (fortified towns) that was later called (Al-Thughriyat), from two points of view: personal subjective stylistics and statistical stylistics. The research found that Al-Thughriyat were merely short pieces that did not exceed fifteen verses at its finest, and that the poet was fascinated with the fortified towns he visited as well as the Western civilization which he did not find in his country. After studying the lexicon, the research found that the poet’s words were softer than they were before, as his jihadist poetry was a true picture of ancient Arab poetry. We saw that he disbelieved in Arab poets such as Al- Mutanabi and Abu Tammam whom he used to consider a light for him in his jihadist poetry. Rather, he started following a poet like Abu Nawas into his flirtation with the Frankish women. Key words: Ibn Al-Qaysarani, Al-Thughriyat, Stylistics, the Crusader Invasion. 1. Introduction Levantine poetry during the Crusades was subjected to several blows that changed its form and content, especially after the death of Nur al-Din Zengi and after him Salah al-Din al- Ayyubi. -
Arabian and Persian Language and Literature: Items 67–98 Section 3 Important Books from the Western World: Items 99–126
Peter Harrington london We are exhibiting at these fairs 24–26 May london The ABA Rare Book Fair Battersea Evolution Queenstown Road, London SW11 www.rarebookfairlondon.com 28 June – 4 July masterpiece The Royal Hospital Chelsea London SW3 www.masterpiecefair.com 6–8 July melbourne Melbourne Rare Book Fair Wilson Hall, The University of Melbourne www.rarebookfair.com VAT no. gb 701 5578 50 Peter Harrington Limited. Registered office: WSM Services Limited, Connect House, 133–137 Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, London SW19 7JY. Registered in England and Wales No: 3609982 Front cover illustration from item 1 in the catalogue. Design: Nigel Bents; Photography: Ruth Segarra. Peter Harrington london Books to be exhibited at the Abu Dhabi International Book Fair 2018 Section 1 The Arab and Islamic World: items 1–66 Section 2 Arabian and Persian language and literature: items 67–98 Section 3 Important Books from the Western World: items 99–126 mayfair chelsea Peter Harrington Peter Harrington 43 Dover Street 100 Fulham Road London w1s 4ff London sw3 6hs uk 020 3763 3220 uk 020 7591 0220 eu 00 44 20 3763 3220 eu 00 44 20 7591 0220 usa 011 44 20 3763 3220 usa 011 44 20 7591 0220 www.peterharrington.co.uk 1 a wealthy and high-ranking patron as a token of authority The Arab and Islamic World instead of an item for everyday use. provenance: formerly in the collection of Captain R. G. 1 Southey (d. 1976). AL-JAZULI (Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn £7,500 [124658] Sulayman ibn Abu Bakr al-Jazuli al-Simlali). Dala’il al-Khayrat (Guides to Goodness), with two Highly detailed and copiously illustrated survey of the illuminated depictions of the holy cities of Mecca and Bakuvian oil industry Medina. -
Quadriliteral Reduplicated Roots As a Semelfactive Aspectual Marker
Research Project: EMODHEBREW Date: October 22, 2019 Author: Vera Agranovsky Translation: Roma Yee Quadriliteral Reduplicated Roots as a Semelfactive Aspectual Marker This entry presents the process by which verbs with Quadrilateral Reduplicated Roots (henceforth QRR), such as hinhen (nod) and tiktek (tick), gradually developed into a morphophonological marker of the semelfactive aspect in Modern Hebrew (MH). Introduction Quadrilateral Reduplicated Roots Hebrew verbs are a combination of a root and a transfix typical of the Semitic languages. While roots are typically triliteral, quadrilateral roots are available as well. QRR verbs consist of the repetition of two pairs of consonants, C1C2C1C2 (e.g., hinhen – hn+hn ‘nod’, tiktek – tk+tk, ‘tick’), and they constitute a small class of roots in Hebrew: 153 QRR verbs can be found through all stages of Hebrew, with about 100 of them in use in MH. QRR can appear in three verbal templates: pi’el (gimgem – ‘stutter’), pu’al (cumcam – ‘reduced’) and hitpa’el (hitbalbel – ‘be confused’) as their constructions permit four-consonantal slots. These roots can be configured in two different ways. The first is with a two-consonant base found in roots with only two stable radicals. For example, the verb gilgel ‘roll’ has the QRR root GLGL. The two- consonant base of this verb can be found in the noun gal (‘wave’) and the verb golel ‘wrap.’ The second configuration is generally onomatopoeic, and they appear only in the QRR construction, for example CKCK, e.g., cikcek – ‘click tongue’ (Schwarzwald, 2017). Semelfactive Aspect Semelfactive verbs describe naturally atomic events, which are repetitive (Rothstein, 2008).