the Panama Canal Museum d,3 Gift of THE.

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Vol. 4 No. 1 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, AUGUST 7, 1953 5 cents

"THROW ME A QUARTER, MAMA" Main Routes Gain

As Canal Shipping Has Record Year

Between 17 and 33 percent more ship- ping moved over the three main trade routes through the Panama Canal last fiscal year than during the previous year. This, and an increase of almost 50 per- cent for the group of smaller, miscellane- ous routes, accounted principally for the all-time high in traffic through the Canal in the fiscal year 1953. Almost 7,850,000 long tons of cargo were shipped last year over the trade route between the east coast of North America (United States and Canada) and the Far East, an increase of more than 1,500,000 tons over the figures for the preceding fiscal year. The gain in net tonnage for this route was 32.9 percent. The amount of shipping on the United States intercoastal route increased last year 22.3 percent in net vessel tonnage over the fiscal year 1952, while an increase of 17.4 percent was shown in the trade route between the east coast of the United States and the west coast of South America. Cargo shipped over the United States intercoastal route totalled 4,871,000 long tons, an increase of slightly HAITIAN DIVING BOYiS in their burnboats full of native goods or fruit are about the first over 1,500,000 tons or 13.8 percent over people a Panama Line passenger sees as his ship nears the Port-au-Prince pier. Canal Photographer the previous year. C. S. La Clair took this photograph on a recent vacation trip. The heavy gain in shipping over the miscellaneous routes last year, 49.4 per- cent over 1952, was accounted for chiefly Plans Proceeding For Conversion by increased tanker traffic. This traffic totaled 4,450,000 net vessel tons last year, an increase of 89 percent over 1952. Of Zone Electricity To 60-Cycles Dry cargo shipments also increased over the miscellaneous routes by 21.4 percent Conversion of the Canal Zone electrical will be ordered at the start of the next with a total of over 4,000,000 net vessel system to 60-cycle current will begin on fiscal year if the work of conversion is tons last fiscal year. the Atlantic side of the Isthmus and authorized. Shipping over the other main trade routes in the past fiscal year was at near work south if plans which are being Another item in this year's planning developed by the Electrical and Engin- is the evaluation of the manpower which the 1952 levels, with a 3.5 percent loss eering Divisions are followed. The actual will be needed for the conversion work on the Europe-Australasia route and a five work of conversion would not start until and the preparation of schedules for the percent gain on the route between Europe of America. fiscal year 1957. hiring of additional personnel as extra and the west coast South The conversion of the locks to 60 manpower becomes necessary. Cargo shipments between the Far East and the east coast of the United States cycles is still questionable. Work on the The additional manpower requirements last locks will not begin until the latter part are expected to include technical as well and Canada were heavier year in although the movement of the conversion project, if the final as clerical personnel and, for the period both directions, east to represented nearly decision is to change the lock current. when the actual conversion would be from west of total. Coal was the The conversion project is, and will under way, various types of electrical and three-fourths the commodity, in tonnage, be for at least 12 months, still in the mechanical craftsmen. most important planning stage. Funds are included in The question of the current frequency moved from the Atlantic to the Pacific this It represented nearly this year's program for a continuation of for the Canal Zone dates back many over route. with the studies through fiscal year 1954. years to the first overall electrical system half of the total tonnage over When the plans are completed, they here. At that time (See page IS) 2,750,000 long tons. development of the banana will have to be approved by the Board of The further Directors and then funds will have to be FEATURES FOR AUGUST trade between the east coast of the coast of allotted for the actual conversion, which United States and the west South # For more about Shipping, see pages 16-19 largely responsible for the will take several years to complete. America was This year's planning will be devoted to # Interested In Tidts, then see page 4 increase in shipping over this route. The this route was several phases of the work. One of • The License Section, see page 8 banana carrier tonnage on of plans and 1,700,000 tons last year, as compared these is the preparation • Another Picture Page, see page 20 specifications for the equipment which with 1,260,000 tons the (See -page 18) THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953 Panama Canal Force Drops Below 17,000 Mark For First Time In Almost 14 Years

4 2000 m US -RATE LOCAL-RATE 34700 35000 30000 —31000 27800 26000 2 4700 24200 22700 21400 21000 18800 18700 IS250

4$'Ot% [4200 13800 14 000 J I H

7000 ll : rrrrrn n

104001 1I200J M890

1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953

The Panama Canal's working force on by the Maintenance Division forces, employees in the Maintenance Division the Isthmus in June dropped below the practically all of the new construction and over 200 in the Health Bureau were 17,000 mark for full-time employees for projects were handled by contractors. employed in this work. It was errone- the first time in almost 14 years. Contract Maintenance ously stated in the July issue of the The force report for June showed a In addition, a number of major Review, because of a typographical total of 16,317 full-time employees, of maintenance projects were let on con- error, that about 700 Health Bureau which 3,938 were employed on the tract. These included exterior painting employees were engaged in garbage and U. S.-rate rolls and 12,379 were on the and major roof repairs to a large number trash collection. local-rate rolls. These figures, for the of employee quarters. U. S.-rate and total force, include 185 This change to contract work affected school t3achers on leave, not indicated principally the units in the Engineering Safe Driving Awards Given on the accompanying chart. and Construction Bureau. To 253 Canal Chauffeurs The force at the end of the past fiscal Another unit which showed a large year was 1,900 under that of the previous decrease in force during the past year Safe driving awards have just been year, with a cut of 400 in the U. S.-rate was the Railroad and Terminals Bureau. presented to 253 U. S. and local rate and 1,500 in the local-rate force. The This decrease was primarily in dock chauffeurs of the Motor Transportation decrease in employment over the 12- workers, with that force being approxi- Division. All of those to whom the month period was the heaviest since the mately 500 less at the end of this fiscal awards have gone operated official vehi- fiscal year 1950 when there was a net loss year than one year ago. This decrease cles during the past fiscal year without of 2,500, resulting primarily from the resulted from a drop in the amount of any accidents causing personal injury or closing of the Industrial Bureau shops in cargo handled over the piers. The total property damage. Balboa and major reductions in several cargo handled or transferred over the other of the larger Canal units. piers during the past fiscal year was Ninety-five of the chauffeurs have The accompanying chart of the force approximately 200,000 tons under that continuous service and received certifi- level graphically indicates the rise and of the previous year, a 15 percent decrease. cates for eight years of accident-free driving. Many of the 95 have a longer decline of the Canal force over the past Connected Losses 15-year period when the force was almost continuous period of safe driving but Although the principal reductions were tripled during the early war period over complete accident records were not kept made in the units mentioned, many the peace-time level of 1938. and the safe driving certificates were other units showed lesser losses for the not issued until eight years ago. The 1953 level is quite comparable to year. Most of the latter were "sym- The remaining drivers received certifi- 1938-39 when the Canal was operating on pathetic" losses in service units caused by cates covering periods ranging from one a maintenance basis as it is today. major force reductions elsewhere in the to five years. Force Reductions organization. Although no accurate fig- There were no fatal accidents during Several units were affected by force ures are available, it was one time esti- the past fiscal year. What accidents did reductions during the past year which mated that one "service" worker was occur were generally of a minor nature, were too sizable to be accomplished by required for every five employed in but any accident or violation of traffic normal attrition. These included the operating units. regulations, no matter how small, pre- Industrial Bureau, and the Engineering, Although the force level at the end of vents the issuing of the certificates. Maintenance, and Storehouse Divisions. the past fiscal year was lower than at The biggest drop of any bureau force was any time since 1939, it was expected that The number of certificates earned that of the Engineering and Construction the force would drop still further during during the past year is considered out- Bureau which showed a net loss of 720 the month of July when the reductions standing, especially since each Motor employees, with all but about 50 being in resulting from cancellation of the water Transportation Division chauffeur drove the Maintenance and Engineering Divi- management contract and garbage collec- an average of 12,000 miles during the sions. The Industrial Bureau showed a tion work in the cities of Panama and year. loss of nearly 150 employees, caused Colon would be reflected in the monthly chiefly by a curtailment early this force report. A further reduction was The radio station at Balboa, operated calendar year in commercial ship work. also being made in July of the Locks by the Navy Department, opened for com- One of the principal reasons for the overhaul force, since there were still 85 mercial business in 1913. drop in employment in the Canal organ- employed on this work at the end of June. ization during the past year was the The net loss in the force as a result A plan for a tunnel to cross the Canal, contracting of major items of construc- of the cancellation of the water manage- which was at one time under consider- tion. With the exception of the heavy ment and garbage collection work was ation, was abandoned in 1913 because of grading in the new Corozal townsite done expected to exceed 300, as about 80 excessive cost. August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

ployee could file would not be limited. Hospital Insurance, Quarters Assignments If he considered several houses equally desirable, he could apply for them all; since the purpose of the plan is to have Discussed At July Employee Conference employees apply only for houses in which they are definitely interested, there should not be any large number of such multiple Plans for hospitalization insurance and Henry L. Donovan, Community Serv- applications. a new method of quarters assignment ices Director, joined the group to outline were discussed at length in the Governor- for conference consideration the proposal The advertising period would close Employee Conference held July 22 in the for a new method of quarters applications. at noon each Tuesday and assignments for Board Room of the Balboa Heights Since there had been considerable objec- the quarters advertised during the pre- Administration Building. tion to a proposal that applications be vious six days would be made at 1 p. m. type, street, that day to the senior applicant—from In the absence of Governor J. S. limited to three choices—by developed simi- point of service on the list. He would Seybold, who was in Washington attend- or areas—a plan has been — lar postings of real estate offices in have until 4:15 p. m., on Thursday of that ing the Board of Directors' meeting, the to the same week to accept or decline the assign- Acting Governor, Col. H. 0. Paxson, the United States, he said. ment. If the senior applicant declined conducted the conference. Each Wednesday, on glass-enclosed the employee in line in all Housing the assignment, next He told the employee representatives bulletin boards placed for the quarters would be assigned, etc., that the administration has been working Offices, Clubhouses, Post Offices, and Housing Division em- until the house is accepted. on plans for some sort of hospitalization Commissaries, ployees would post a list of all quarters Applications would be held until the insurance and that progress is being made. apartment is accepted, and then would be Extension by the Senate-House conferees which had become vacant for the week posting voided. Apartments advertised for four on the Civil Functions Bill of so-called ending the previous day. The consecutive weeks with no applications "free hospitalization" for employees until would be done by district; i. e., quarters in would not be posted in the would then be withheld and used for December 31 —this hospitalization had Gamboa immediate assignments. been removed by the House and restored southern district (Pedro Miguel, Corozal, would south- by the Senate—gives additional time to Diablo, Balboa, Ancon) nor Penalty Planned ern district quarters be advertised in the work out a suitable plan, he said. The AFGE, Mr. Donovan said, has northern district (Gatun, Margarita, Old The Panama Canal Company, Colonel already accepted the plan but several and New Cristobal). Paxson said, is not in a position to deal other organizations to which it was sub- of would directly with an insurance company but Each advertised set quarters mitted are still to be heard from. Em- can authorize payroll deductions for hos- be described by type of construction ployee representatives at the July con- pitalization insurance for such an em- (frame, composite, masonry), house and ference appeared not only receptive to fam- ployee organization as the Canal Zone apartment number, the number of the idea but to endorse it, and insisted Credit Union. Preliminary plans call for ilies in the building, the number of that the acceptance time be cut from the whether or not the the Company-Government to collect—by bedrooms, baths, original proposal of five days. maid's room, payroll deductions—insurance payments quarters have a garage, The conferees discussed what penalty basement. from employees who sign up for hospital maid's toilet, storeroom, paved could be imposed on an employee who insurance; these payments will be remit- The rent, per week, would be listed. had accepted a house and then declined For Inspection ted to the Credit Union which, in turn, Available it without adequate reason when told the will deal with the insuring company. During this advertising period, which house was ready for occupancy. All six later, the quarters The situation is somewhat different, he would close days agreed that a money penalty should not told the conferees, in regard to local-rate would be available for inspection on be imposed but that it would be fair to application to the district housing office employe 3S. The five local-rate credit bar him from applying for any quarters unions are Federal organizations and not concerned, and during this same period for a specified period, possibly two weeks. accepted for any of in a position to deal with an insurance applications would be George Cassell, Acting Chief, Housing company. One way in which this could the quarters advertised. Division, said that during the previous be worked out, he said, would be to form The number of applications an em- week, nine out of 31 (See page 19) a sort of Mutual Benefit Association which would be made up of representatives of Responsibility the credit unions, lodges, churches, etc. Our Civil Defense This organization could deal with the — Civil defense is based on the principle of battleground not peace in the world. We insurance companies, and to it the Com- self-protection by the individual, extended may not now relax our guard nor cease pany-Government could turn over insur- to include mutual self-protection on the part our quest." ance payments collected by payroll of groups and communities. It is a way Since September 1949, when Soviet deduction from those subscribing to of protecting all of us arid our families, Russia exploded her first atomic weapon, the plan. either in case of an enemy attack or during the need for the development and mainte- Group Plan Not Prejudiced natural, peacetime disasters. nance of an adequate civil defense program Any such plan, the Acting Governor Civil defense is the responsibility of all has become as important as a strong emphasized, would not prejudice any of us. It is the responsibility of our fam- military defense. group health insurance, such as the Blue ilies, from whom will come our volunteer Lost January in his State of the Union Cross or similar organization, in which workers. It is the responsibility of our Message—and the Korean armistice has employees might become interested. He Police and Fire Divisions; our Electrical not changed the meaning of this— President assured the employees present that the and Maintenance Divisions; and others. Eisenhower said: administration stands ready, through the emergency they will all be In case of an "Because the building of a completely Relations Counsellor and the Gen- to shoulder their share Labor called upon of impenetrable defense against attack is still Counsel's office, to help in putting work. eral civilian defense not possible, total defense strength must hospitalization insurance plan across some It can be effective here only if all members include civil defense preparedness. Because said further that employees should and of our community are so solidly behind it we have incontrovertible evidence that Soviet speculating over future not do too much that they are willing to give time and effort Russia possesses atomic weapons, this kind hospital rates since the Governor has not to make it work. of protection becomes sheer necessity." as yet worked out a tariff. The variety of volunteer jobs in civil Therefore, I urge every resident of the answer to the subsequent questions, In defense provides everyone of us with an Canal Zone to accept the moral obligation Colonel Paxson and Norman Johnson, opportunity to serve on the civil defense to assist in the development of our civil Labor Relations Counsellor, said that an team. defense program. This program, properly employee need not be a Credit Union reduce We are, of course, thankful for the manned and organized, could member to participate in the Credit Korean armistice. But the signing of that casualties and property damage as much Union Insurance; that the proposed armistice does not mean that our civil as 50 percent in the event of a catastrophe, insurance would cover employee and fam- defense responsibility has ended. which we fervently hope may never come, are covered by the ily; that employees cannot ignore. When President Eisenhower announced but which we "free hospitalization" until December 31; that the Korean truce had been signed, he and that in setting new hospital rates full H. 0. PAXSON, said: considsration will be given to Workman's Lieutenant Governor. Compensation and similar provisions. "We have won an armistice on a single THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953

Tidal Troughs When Sea Level Is Not Sea Level Oceans, he says, are divided into a And Why The Tides Are Different number of such troughs. Balboa is at the extreme end of one such body; the saw-

horse is off the Mexican coast in the Visitors to the Canal Zone almost in- of the 1916-34 and 1927-45 averages at vicinity of Manzanillo and the opposite variably express amazement over four the Canal Zone stations shows an appar- end off lower California. Consequently natural features: the hills; the fact that ent rise in sea level during the 11-year the rise and fall of water is great at Balboa Balboa, on the Pacific, is farther east interval of .085 foot at Balboa and .062 and very slight near Manzanillo. than Cristobal, on the Atlantic; the rising foot at Cristobal. Both of these changes The Caribbean, on the other hand, sep- small, equivalent 1 of the sun from the Pacific ocean; and the are to inch and -V arated as it is from the Atlantic by a great difference in the tides in two bodies inch, respectively. ring of islands, is almost an inland lake of water which are separated by only a "As a small rise in mean sea level has cut off from the oscillating system of the 40-mile-wide strip of land. occurred in recent years along both the greater ocean. But the Caribbean and Of the four features, the tides have Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United the Gulf of Mexico make up their own played a most important part in Isthmian States, the condition is assumed to be trough and, being smaller and shallower history although the location of the Isth- general and of no particular significance than the Atlantic or Pacific, the range of to mian canal was determined largely by the the Canal Zone area. Whether the their tides is much smaller. narrow isthmus and lowness of the Conti- rising trend will continue in years to Statistics obtained from years of local nental Divide in what is now the Canal come or prove to be of only a temporary observation show that it is possible to Zone. nature remains to be determined by have a tidal range, between high and low Old Panama, where mud flats stretch comparison with future averages." water, of 22.7 feet at Balboa; the extreme at low tide, out to sea for a long distance Sun and Moon Tides variation possible at Cristobal is only 3.05 never had a harbor worthy of the name, feet. Tides at Balboa are regular, with School children learn that tides, which even for ships of its day. Cargo had to be two highs and two lows a day, approxi- Webster's dictionary calls the "alternate lightered ashore, just as it is today in mately an hour later each succeeding rising and falling of the surface of the many Central and South American ports. day. Cristobal tides are irregular. important Isthmian ports were on the ocean" are caused by the attraction of the All Lifts Locks sun and moon, acting unequally on the at Caribbean where the tidal range is much water in different parts of the earth. The matter of tides, of course, had less than it is in the Pacific. Since the is closer to the earth than much to do with the the Canal was During the days of the Gold Rush, moon way the sun, the tide-producing force of the constructed. The approach channel of ships anchored either far out to sea, off moon is a little more than twice that of the Canal on the Pacific side is deeper Panama City, or made their port at the the sun. than the approach to the Atlantic Locks, island of Taboga although there, also, When school children come to the to allow for the tidal difference. There they could not dock at low tide.

Affected Canal Construction

The variation of the tides in the Carib- bean and the Pacific caused many heated arguments among experts in the past and had considerable influence on the decision to make the Canal lock type rather than sea level. During the Isthmian Canal studies in 1946 and 1947 an elaborate tidal machine was constructed in the flats below Miraflores Bridge where tidal currents were simulated by machine and their effect on a possible sea-level canal studied. Canal files are studded with corres- pondence from such widely scattered places as New York, Massachusetts, Washington, Germany, Mexico, and England, asking about the tides at the Canal terminals. People who ask about the tides fall generally into two classes: those who want to know if it is true that there is a difference in sea level in the Pacific ocean and the Caribbean sea— there is; and those whose questions have to do with the TIDAL REGULATING STRUCTURES which would be part of a sea level canal were built tidal fluctuation at Balboa and who are in model form during the Isthmian Canal studies several years ago. Here a group of consultants puzzled over Balboa's high and low tides and ( 'anal officials of those days watch the model in action. where there is almost no appreciable tidal change at Cristobal. Meteorological and Hydrographic Branch are times when a northbound vessel is Sea Levels Differ at Balboa Heights for further information, raised, at Miraflores Locks, approxi-

Mean sea level on the Pacific side of the T. C. Henter, acting Chief Hydrographer, mately 1 1 feet more at extreme low water

Isthmus, at Balboa, averages 0.767 foot— has a simple and easily understood ex- or approximately 1 1 feet less at extreme or about nine inches—higher than mean ample of the twice-daily lunar tides to high water than a southbound vessel is sea level on the Atlantic side at Cristobal. give them. The same information, in raised at Gatun Locks although both This has been determined by studies over more complex form, is in a pamphlet then cross Gatun Lake at 85 feet above a 19-year period. The fact is a lot more called Panama Tides, which was pre- mean sea level. definite than the why of the fact, sea pared by H. A. Marmer of the Coast and Elaborate observations made during level to the average person being the Geodetic Survey and printed in the the period of the Isthmian Canal studies

same the world over. U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings for established that if a sea-level canal were A lengthy report of tidal averages pre- November 1930. built here, there would be a maximum

: - pared in 1949 by Leslie T. Chapel, who Take a trough filled with water and current of about 4 2 knots due to tidal was then Assistant Chief Hydrographer balance it on a sawhorse (the nodal point) fluctuation. The flow would change di- and who is now retired, says in part: like a teeter-totter, Mr. Henter tells his rection with high and low tides on the "A change in the level of the sea may young questioners. Then rock the trough Pacific side. The current could be con- be due to a variety of influences, such as back and forth. The water, of course, trolled by a tidal lock near the Pacific temporary or long period variations in runs toward the lower end of the trough end of the Canal. climate of a nature to cause variable but its level varies only slightly at the There would also be a navigable pass, melting of the polar ice caps or changes in point where the trough rests on the with a 750-foot wide channel closed by controlling ocean currents. A comparison sawhorse. a pair of large rolling (See page 17) August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

FOR YOUR INTEREST AND GUIDANCE IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION LML £JL W

4. Take the necessary corrective meas- Safety Message To Foremen ures to prevent a recurrence before you leave. 7. Did follow When something has gone wrong, it is he instructions? 5. Make out the report at once while most necessary to know what it was and 8. Just who was at fault? Was it the all facts are fresh in your mind. injured workman, a fellow worker, what caused it to go wrong before it can 6. Get professional advice from your or you, his foreman? Safety Inspector. be corrected. An accident is a very good 9. Was he "hurried" on this job? example of something gone wrong—the Whenever you have made up your mind 10. What action did you take immedi- man, the material, the machine, or the ately to prevent a recurrence? to inquire as fully into the "whys and method. Somebody or something failed; Have you done this? "wherefores" of your accidents as you do otherwise the mishap would not have 11. Are other employees also following into getting other parts of your job occurred. the same practice that caused done—then and then only will you start this man to have an accident? Since an accident is evidence of some- getting results in accident prevention, for 12. Was the safe practice, which had thing gone wrong, it follows that you must you cannot intelligently proceed with been taught and in use, mostly get to the bottom of "why" and "how" depending upon the employee righting something wrong until you have to prevent things going wrong again. learning and continuing to duck the correct and complete facts in your There must be a best way for doing this. in time? possession. Let's just make a list of what we want to A check on layout, material and equip- find out and then see how we should go ment is less involved. You naturally about it. It has been shown that the man want to know: SAFETY BOARD thing on any job. is the most important 1. If tools, machines, or equipment Buildings, machines, and tools are lesser being used were defective or in The Canal Zone Government-Panama been developed need of repair. things because they have Canal Company Safety Board as re-estab- the produce more faster, 2. If adequate working equipment and to help man lished by Executive Regulation No. 32, had safety guards were provided. better, and safer. So maybe we which outlines the Safety Program and 3. If the necessary protective equip- better start with the man first. ment and safety devices were Organization, is now composed of the 1. Is this his first accident? available. following members: 2. If not, how and when did the others 4. If so, were they being used and in occur? G. O. Kellar, Chief, Safety Branch, the right way. Chairman 3. What could he himself have done to 5. Was lighting and ventilation ade- avoid having this accident? L. W. Chambers, representing Marine quate. Director take unnecessary chance 4. Did he an M. F. Millard, representing Engineering accident him- When is the best time for you to and bring the on and Construction Director self? investigate an accident? It appears to be Cmdr. W. M. Vincent, representing 5. Has there been a job study made as soon after it occurs as you can get to Industrial Director and a safe efficient way developed where it happened. If you are going to W. F. Russon, representing Railroad and for doing this job? Terminals Director get the information necessary to prevent 6. Had he been informed as to the E. E. Trout, representing Supply and dangers involved with instruc- future accidents, and you might as well Service Director tions and drilling as to the safe not start unless you get the correct and K. O. Zemer, representing Community working practices? complete story, you are going to have to: Services Director E. L. Farlow, representing Civil Affairs 1. Go to the scene of the accident and Director check the physical things in- P. Smith, representing Health Director HONOR ROLL volved. J. H. D. Raymond, representing Comptroller Bureau Award For 2. Get the full story from the man L. B. Burnham (Acting), representing BEST RECORD who caused the accident. Personnel Director 3. Get the full story from others work- H. L. Anderson, Recorder, representing JUNE ing near and with him. Executive Secretary CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU INDUSTRIAL BUREAU Disabling Injuries per 1,000,000 Man Hours Worked JUNE 1953 (Frequency Rale) AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR o 10 20 30 40 5l Industrial 5 ' Civil Affairs Bureau Civil Affairs 3 ZJ Health 2 Mi Community Services 1 Industrial Bureau 1 Engineering and Construction 1 c^i Marine Supply and Service Bureau 7 Railroad and Terminals 1 Supply and Service Engineering and Construction Bureau 12 Division Award For C. Z. Govt— Panama Canal Co. (Best Year) NO DISABLING INJURIES 1.'

JUNE C. Z. Gov!.—Panama Canal Co. (This month) 13 DREDGING DIVISION Health Bureau 14 MOTOR TRANSPORTATION DIVISION DIVISION OF SANITATION Marine Bureau 14 ""•"•"•"" YEAR Community Services Bureau AWARDS THIS CALENDAR iZ 1 ::::::: -il Motor Transportation 5 Railroad and Terminals Bureau Sanitation 5 23 1 :•:::::: : Dredging 4 ;-;-;-;-;l Maintenance 4 • • Grounds 10 20 30 40 50 Electrical 3

Hospitalization and Clinics 3 Number of Disabling Injuries 34 Man-Hours Worked 2,653,225 Clubhouses 2 LEGEND Maintenance 2 Railroad 2 Amount Better Than Canal Zone Government Storehouses 2 —Panama Canal Company Beat Year Navigation 1 Commissary Amount Worse Than Canal Zone Government—Panama Canal Company Best Year Locks Terminals Accumulative Frequency Rate This Year THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953

of the school units. Miss Julette Carring- New Paraiso Buildings Near Completion ton, formerly principal at Paraiso, will be teaching principal of the six-classroom elementary school at Red Tank. As School Begins In Local Rate Towns Until the addition to the Rainbow City elementary school is completed about the middle of the school year the school- housing problem there continues to be acute. Present plans call for 16 classes to share eight classrooms until the new addition is finished. The addition will provide space for eight elementary school classes. Summer Institute During the past summer approximately 160 teachers from the colored schools attended the annual month-long Summer Institute at La Boca and Rainbow City.

The staff of the Summer Institute is made up of teachers from Balboa High School and the Canal Zone Junior College. The work of this summer's Institute was largely revision of the curriculum in the elementary, junior, and senior high schools. In the summer of 1952 the PART of Paraiso's modern, new school plant is pictured above. Only one room deep, the new students at the Institute made "working Paraiso school is on-the-ground masonry construction. A feature of the building is the wide awning- type windows, divided into horizontal panes, each set of which opens like jalousies. Wide vertical copies" of 37 courses; these were studied, sun vanes provide shade and help in preventing sound from one classroom bothering students in in the light of classroom use, during the another. past school year and 26 of the 37 were The main building of the new Paraiso school will house elementary grades. It is connected by a put into working shape this summer. covered walk-way to a two-room building, also new construction, which will house the kindergarten. During the Institute, elementary teach- The third building of the group is the remodeled older building, in which will be the junior high school, with space for a library, music room, shops, and the principal's office in the basement. ers took the Workshop in Arithmetic and had a choice of a course in Children's Literature or a methods course in the Under the watchful eyes of their 160 of the Junior High School for the Paraisc- teaching of Spanish. teachers, some 4,300 boys and girls from Red Tank area and the expansion of the Teachers from the secondary schools the Canal Zone's colored communities Paraiso school plant by the addition of a studied Evaluation of Secondary Schools trooped into their classrooms last Mon- new 12-classroom elementary building, a and one of five electives: Workshops in day morning in the 14 schools which make two-room kindergarten building, and a Mathematics, English, Spanish, Social up the local-rate school system. remodeled basement area under the Studies, and Industrial Arts. The exact number of students will not former elementary school building. be known for several days, until figures Junior High In Remodeled School Social Studies from all the schools are checked, but an The elementary grades will occupy the In the elementary schools, a new social opening day estimate indicated that the new buildings when they are completed in studies handbook is in use this year. number would be well above the 4,156 about a month and the remodeled building These tentative courses of study which who were registered the first school day will be reserved for Junior High School are the joint product of Canal Zone of 1952. use. Classrooms will fill the upstairs elementary school teachers are organized Boys and girls at Paraiso were especi- area and a library, home economics labor- around six themes for the different grade ally interested in their modern new school atory, woodworking shop, clinic, music levels. The themes progress from the which will be ready for occupancy within room and the principal's office will be immediate, for the youngest child, to the a short time, and grade-school students in the new basement area. distant, such as world problems, for the at Rainbow City were eagerly waiting The transfer to Paraiso of the Junior older children. completion of the addition to their school, High School will bring a shift in school Kindergarteners and pupils in grade now expected about the end of the first principals. Ellis L. Fawcett, formerly one, for instance, will study "Home and semester. principal of the Red Tank elementary School." Second graders widen their The outstanding change in the Canal and junior high schools, has been trans- horizon with a study of the community Zone colored schools this year is the ferred to Paraiso where he will be in charge in which they live. By {See page 12) coming transfer from Red Tank to Paraiso They Head Canal Zone Schools

**& ;

, x3 % sin SIGURD E. ESSER ROGER W. COLLINGE CHARLES A. DUBBS

A NEW SUPERINTENDENT for the Canal Zone schools and two position but becomes in addition, Assistant Superintendent of Schools, His top Schools officials were appointed early last month. As Superintendent, service with the Canal Zone Schools is also about 20 years. Mr. Esser succeeds the late Dr. LawTence Johnson who died suddenly early Mr. Dubbs, who came to the Canal Zone in 1946 ns Principal of the in June in Minneapolis. Mr. Esser has been with the Canal Zone Schools Rainbow City Occupational High School, has been more recently Training Division for almost 20 years. Officer for the Personnel Bureau. He returns to the Schools Division as Mr. Collinge, Director of Elementary Education since 1948, retains that Director of Secondary Education. August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

i-*g-L OF CURRENT INTEREST

Official Panama Canal Company Publication Two Of A Kind Published Monthly at BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE

Printed by the Printing Plant Mount Hope, Canal Zone

John S. Seybold, Governor-President

H. 0. Paxson, Lieutenant Governor

J. Rufus Hardy, Editor

Eleanor H. McIlhenny Oleva Hastings Editorial Assistants

SUBSCRIPTIONS—$1.00 a year

SINGLE COPIES— 5 cents each On sale at all Panama Canal Clubhouses, Commissaries, and Hotels for 10 days after publication date.

SINGLE COPIES BY MAIL— lOcentseach

BACK COPIES— 10 cents each On sale when available, from the Vault Clerk, Third Floor, Administration Building, Balboa Heights.

Postal money orders should be made pay- able to the Treasurer, Panama Canal Com- pany, and mailed to Editor, The Panama Canal Review, Balboa Heights, C. Z. A BROTHER ACT, for a fact, is that of Canal Zone Fire Sergeants James V. and Frank J. Bart- lett. James, the elder by five years, is at the wheel of the fire engine. Born in Wisconsin, they were both employed as probationary firemen here on August 12, 1942, time to sergeants, on July 5 Railroad And Terminals Head promoted to firemen on November 10, 1942, and again promoted, this

this vear. . at Pedro Sergeant James is on duty at the Gamboa Fire Station; Sergeant Frank is stationed Will End Lengthy Service Miguel. David W. Massingham of San Rafael, Canal Zone team in action. This film will Calif., has been appointed Assistant be narrated and will be shown in all Zone Manager of Hotels for the Panama Clubhouses to promote disaster prepared- Canal Company; he will be in direct ness. charge of the Hotel Washington. Melbourne, Australia, where Born in Automobile tires now may be pur- parents were living, he his American chased unmounted from Section K of school in California and has attended the Balboa Storehouse, the Cristobal adult life in Califor- spent most of his Storehouse or mounted on wheels at years he has been nia. For the past 15 the Motor Transportation Division on in restaurant or cafeteria engaged either side of the Isthmus. had considerable experi- work and has Tires formerly were required to be cafeterias such as ence in industrial mounted on wheels at a cost of 35 the Kaiser Shipyards in Rich- those of cents each, by the Motor Transporta- the Kaiser Cement Plant mond, and tion Division. Permanente, Calif. at Some of the tires now available for 1946 until 1949, when he opened From sale have been reduced slightly in restaurant in San Francisco, his own price. in opening new dining halls he assisted Lists of the types of tires available University students, pro- for Stanford and the prices have been posted on for 1,500 students three viding meals bulletin boards throughout the Canal operating a commis- times a day and organization, at the Balboa and Cris- University's 35 sororities sary for the tobal Storehouses, and the Motor and fraternities. Transportation Division. Mrs. Massingham and their three sons, 12, 10, and 2, will arrive here C. "GUS" MEDINGER will end 38 years of A. later. A new system for the handling, assign- at the end of this month by voluntary Canal service ment and property accounting for office retirement. Although most of his service was with Canal Zone Civil furniture used by units of the Company from . the the Dredging Division, which he headed for several A team part in and Government has recently been adopted. been Railroad and Terminals Director Defense organization will take years, he has system, office furniture Jackpot II," a Disaster Control Under the new since last October. "Operation conducted by military and equipment pools have been established Medinger has lived most of his life in the exercise which will be Mr. is rented by the various here later this month. and the equipment Canal Zone and has the distinction of being the organizations Civil units at established rental rates. The rates Zone schools to In addition to members of the first high school graduate of Canal considered sufficient to Defense Advisory Committee and the Chief are set at levels be named a bureau director. maintenance, transpor- who will be official cover depreciation, He and Mrs. Medinger plan to leave early in of Civil Defense, Civil Defense tation, and administrative costs and bills their home in New York. He observers, the Canal Zone September to make quarterly in advance. will be represented by three first are submitted has accepted the position of Assistant to the Chief group Scout volunteer The pools are administered by the the Orinoco Mining Company, a subsidi- aid teams and 18 Boy Engineer of of Storehouses and separate "casualties." Superintendent ary of the United States Steel Corporation. of pools are being maintained for the Company Dredging Division for 35 The first aid teams will be made up He served with the and Government. Prior to the adoption position 10 women each and will come from Gamboa, years before his transfer in July 1950 to the item equip- Miguel, and Margarita. Their sup- of the new system, all capital of Deputy Marine Director, which he held until his Pedro the Canal Zone ment of common usage, such as desks, head the Railroad and Terminals plies will be provided by appointment to typewriters and other office equip- Chapter of the American Red Cross. chairs, Bureau. Mr. Medinger has received high praise for inventory records are being made to take a ment, was transferred on his outstanding work as head of the Railroad and Arrangements picture of the to the Storehouse Division. Terminals Bureau. 500-foot, 35-mm motion THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953 Cars, Drivers, Dogs, Vendors And Peddlers- All Are Licensed By Canal License Section

Black and orange will be the colors for

1954, take it from Leslie R. Evans, Chief of the Canal's License Section. As long ago as March Mr. Evans, with his top boss, Col. Richardson Selee, Civil Affairs Director, and Colonel Selee's right-hand man, E. L. Farlow, agreed that black letters on an orange background would be a good combination for private automobile licenses for 1954. There was no particular reason for their choice, Mr. Evans said. Black and orange is an easily-read combination, had not been used for some time, and could not be confused with the black-and-white of official plates. The license plates are to arrive by

September 1. By mid-November, the License Section will be accepting applica- tions for them and at the end of the year all Canal Zone-licensed cars will have the plates in place— or else. Selecting license plates and issuing them is an important part of the License Section's work, but it is not all, by any means.

Licenses And Licenses

At its offices on the ground floor of the LICENSE PLATES from all over the United States and old Canal Zone licenses are appropriate mural decorations for the License Section. Mrs. Mary Hollowell hands George Pervin a sample 1953 Civil Affairs Building on Gaillard High- license plate from Wyoming. way, one can get a license establishing ownership of a vehicle and the right to drive, transfer, or junk it; a vehicle the "Z" series—the section at Ancon still For operators of passenger cars, official record card, which is the first step toward has a record of a majority of the cars cars, industrial trucks, commercial vehi- allowing a U. S. employee living in owned by such people. This is provided cles, motorcycles, etc. Since 1950 there Panama to buy gasoline in the Canal by the vehicle record cards. have been only two categories: Roughly Zone; a license— if the applicant is a To buy gasoline in the Canal Zone an people who drive for fun and people who welfare or fraternal organization—to vend owner of a Panama-licensed car must make their living by driving, although food or drink; or a peddler's license which have a special card, which he obtains separate tests are given operators of gives an individual the right to sell such by presenting his Panama car registra- motorcycles and motorscooters by the things as fruits, vegetables, and soft tion, his operator's license, and his two police examiners. drinks in Canal Zone towns. Just last authority card. So far this year, the People visiting the Isthmus with their month the License Section had a new License Section has on file 3,132 of these cars may drive for 90 days with U. S. duty: The licensing of the 3,000 dogs vehicle record cards. license plates and drivers' licenses, if which make the Canal Zone their home. they do not intend to remain here. Those Lotteries And Lines Issuing licenses which have to do with expecting to make their home here must the ownership or operation of motor The sequence in which automobile get both Canal Zone car and operator's vehicles is a major part of the business license plates have been issued has been licenses within 15 days. of Mr. Evans and the five men and determined, in the past, in several ways. Character References women who make up his regular staff. Mr. Evans recalls that when the License Extra help is hired for the annual rush Office was on the third floor of the Admin- Drivers' licenses have been required in period but the addition of two new valid- istration Building, the waiting line of the Canal Zone since 1911. Those old- ating cash registers last year cut this applicants sometimes stretched the length time drivers, provided they satisfied an need in half. On December 31, 1952's of the hallway, and down the stairs to examining board as to their knowledge peak day, more than 700 customers were the front entrance. of "gasoline and electrical motors and handled; almost twice as many as when After the present License Section was machinery and operation of automobiles," licenses had to be written out on type- formed in 1942, a lottery for low numbers were of proper age (18), and were vouched writers. was instituted. Pretty girls drew num- for "as to sobriety and trustworthiness by

As of June 1 of this year, the section bers out of a globe to determine low man two reputable citizens" were given metal had licensed 11,632 personal automobiles, in the license bracket. Then came a badges certifying their fitness to drive. 284 commercial vehicles, 313 motorcycles, policy of first-come, first-served. Com- Until comparatively recently, 18 was

and 185 trailers. The 11,632 personal petition for the No. 1 plate became so the lowest age at which anyone could vehicle licenses do not include some 75 intense that one year the winning appli- drive in the Canal Zone anything but a special plates which go to the members of cant waited in line —or had stand-ins motorscooter. In 1950 a change was made the Amateur Radio Association and which wait—for two days. Last year the to allow the licensing of high school seniors bear the "ham's" call letters. These Section returned to the drawing system, who were at least 17 and who had passed plates, which cost $1 extra, are issued with the lottery supervised by the Civic the schools' driver-training courses. only to those designated by the Radio Council which had proposed the plan. The License Section also deals with Association and are not transferable The first 20 numbers were not assigned three other types of licenses. This month with a car. to the lottery, being reserved, as is the for the first time in many years all dogs This year's figure is well below that of accepted policy in most States, for in the Canal Zone will be licensed after 1950 when 23,101 private cars were officials. The Governor's personal car they have been vaccinated against rabies. licensed. That was the last year of dual carries the No. 1 plate. The other two types of licenses go to plates, when Canal Zone cars had to Licensing of drivers is another respon- vendors and peddlers. Vendors are carry Panama plates as well as those of sibility of the License Section, although groups and stay put; peddlers are indi- the Canal Zone and vice versa. the qualifying examinations are given viduals and move around. Although the Canal's License Section by the police. The triennial job of Vendors, such as veterans' clubs, the does not issue plates to U. S. Government reissuing some 6,000 operators' licenses YMCA's or the JWB, pay $2 per month employees who live in Panama—such has just been completed. At one time for licenses to sell tobacco, soft drinks cars, of course, carry Panama plates of there were several classifications of these: (which can include 3.2 beer) and ice . —

August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

cream, if they want the latter. Some 24 such groups are licensed each year. Good Community Housekeeping No Sandwiches Can Reduce Fly Population Peddlers' licenses are issued to an aver- age of 21 people a month for a period not Flies are everybody's business, first, one of a number of other places, all exceeding six months. Peddlers must because they are a potential health men- of them repulsive to tender human have physical examinations and a police ace to every member of a community sensibilities. check. Most of them handle native and, second, because everyone is respon- She could have stopped to lay her eggs fruits and vegetables. Applications for sible for the kind of good community in a cozy thick blanket of damp commer- licenses to sell fresh fish, meats or meat housekeeping that keeps them from cial fertilizer around a firecracker bush; products of any kind, sandwiches or breeding. a rotting remnant of cabbage slaw slopped cooked foods of all kinds are uniformly Flies, like a lot of other potential around a garbage can; a nice mouldy disapproved, for strict health and sanitary problems, are best nipped in the bud. It mess of garbage disposed of as trash and reasons. is easier to prevent them from breeding put on a trash dump; manure in a riding Peddlers are licensed without cost in the first place than it is to get rid of stable; a rotting potato—or any other unless they wish to sell ice cream or soft them after they are grown. kind of fermenting organic matter. drinks, or both. In such case a peddler DDT used to work like an atom bomb A housefly lives a very fast life, growing pays $2 a month, and if he sells tobacco on the adult fly population. It doesn't from egg to full-fledged adult in eight to an additional $2 monthly. work so miraculously any more; flies are 20 days. In Isthmian warmth and Occasionally a peddler is licensed, as getting used to it. dampness, the life cycle is short. one was recently, to sell such things as Furthermore, flies are mobile. If they The eggs that Mama Fly lays in mash- pocketbooks, baskets, and other native are any place in a community, they can ed potatoes or elsewhere hatch in eight straw products. The $2 monthly fee be all over the place. An adult fly will to 30 hours into larvae or maggots. applies here, also. travel several miles to find his own kind The hungry little maggots have a The License Section is a direct descend- of filthy environment and from there, mashed potato diet (our little flies from ent of the old Revenue Department of possibly, into the food you eat. the garbage can) for 5 to 14 days, then construction days. The Isthmian Canal The biography of a housefly might they migrate to drier material and turn Commission had established a system of begin like this. One little housefly, for into dark brown pupas that look like licensing coaches and carriages in 1910 instance, might have been born, together little seeds. but, as the motor population increased, with 99 to 149 brothers and sisters, in a Then in three to ten days (the pupa Canal authorities began to worry about nice little nest of mouldy mashed potatoes fasts during this period) a grown-up fly road upkeep. If motorists wanted to use down in an overlooked cranny in a garbage emerges, to go around spreading germs the highways, they should pay for the can. for the 30 days of his adult life. privilege, the Commission felt. Mama Fly, with fine feminine instinct, Flies are nasty little creatures. No one of the $150 For A License ! may have flown from miles away to find likes them very much, but some The first fees were eyebrow raising: this fine home for her brood. Of course, grade school health lessons about the $150 a year for commercial vehicles of she might just as well have picked any germs they carry can stand repetition. any sort, $25 for cars "operated for The deposits flies leave on the things pleasure," and $10 for motorcycles. where it was located for many years, the they touch may contain millions of dis- The first automobile license issued in License Section, then a Bureau of the old ease germs. They are at least suspect the Canal Zone went to Natalio Ehrman Executive Department, moved to the old in transmitting bacillary and amoebic fever, of Panama, on December 3, 1910. Unfor- Balboa police station, opposite the present dysentery, cholera, typhoid tuber- tunately, old records do not show the Balboa school. The location was good culosis and other "filth diseases." The make of his car. The first license to a but it had some drawbacks. For instance virus of poliomyelitis has been recovered

Canal Zone resident was No. 5, issued a one day two not ordinarily timid clerks from flies. week later to a "Capt. C. Nixon of took to their desk tops when a large and There are simple things that everyone Cristobal." Oldtimers believe this was dignified iguana paid an office call. can do to help keep flies from breeding Capt. Courtland Nixon, Depot Quarter- The License Section, under its present the only really effective way to keep them master at Mount Hope. organization, came into being in April out of a community: In 1916 the fee for licensing personal 1946, following the war. It was headed 1 Report to the Division of Sanitation automobiles was reduced to the present then as now, by Mr. Evans, a native of any conditions you see that may induce $5, and motorcycle licenses dropped to Wisconsin, who came to the Canal Zone fly breeding. The Pacific side number is the present $2. Owners of commercial in 1936 to work with the then Civil 2-2463. On the Atlantic side, call 3-2576. to vehicles who today pay between $13.50 Affairs Division. All of his service with A great deal of time is lost trying and $16, paid from $20'to $40. the Canal has been with the License track down breeding places after flies From the Administration Building, Section in its present or former forms. are on the wing. 2. Report to the Grounds Maintenance Division any holes in garbage cans, missing covers, or any accumulation of garbage left in or dribbled around the cans. The Pacific side telephone number is 2-1801. On the Atlantic side, call 3-2373. The cans will be replaced or cleaned as soon as possible. Some residents even wash their own garbage containers. 3. Keep covers on garbage cans and don't spill garbage around them, or at

least, if you do, clean up the mess you make. 4. Place garbage only in garbage cans; do not use cardboard containers for this purpose. 5. Do not put garbage in the large uncovered chums that are intended for dry trash only. 6. Drain, wrap or enclose garbage in double paper bags or newspapers before

putting it in garbage cans. 7. Use only thoroughly composted manure or commercial fertilizer on shrubbery, lawns, and flowers. Keep it dry until it is used and use it very soon. Spread it on the ground thinly or work AUTOMOBILE LICENSES and transfers are the bulk of the License Section's business. Mrs. Rhoda Fox helps out her boss, Section Chief Leslie Evans, with two customers. in into the soil. 10 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953 Payne & Wardlaw And W. Andrews & Co. Handle Fifth of Canal Ship Traffic

halfway ports. Suppose you're an exporter and have a happen at If deck cargo on a lumber ship is going cargo of wool to be sent from NewZealand to shift, it usually shifts between the to England; possibly you're shipping which most of it sugar from Cuba to Japan; or you might Pacific Northwest, from Canal Zone. be concerned with lumber from the originates, and the More ship has had to tie up in Pacific Northwest to an East Coast than one such the Canal Zone to have its lumber cargo U. S. port. Perhaps you're a potential passenger restowed, to correct a dangerousflist. if there are no re- from the Canal Zone to England or Parts break, and placements or they cannot be Australia or Curacao or Brazil. aboard locally, agents usually have to Could be you're a ship owner whose made the States to have a vessel has gotten into trouble in the radio to the United new Caribbean and needs: a tow into port by a part sent to the Isthmus by plane. Merritt Chapman salvage tug; or your War Days have damaged a propeller or ship may War days had nothing to do with the been in some mishap which should be halfway point, but they brought all sorts reported to its insurance underwriters. of problems. Boarding officers remember Your ship might catch fire, like one the days when Cristobal harbor was full recently which was carrying fish meal of convoys of big gray ships, all without through the Canal to South Africa. Much identification and all much alike. of it had to be discharged onto the ('APT. CLIFFORD PAYNE The only way an agent could find his Cristobal docks so it could cool, the holds ship was to cruise among them byr had to be entered and the smouldering Japan, the Netherlands, Greece, the Re- launch, calling to each ship as he passed fire completely controlled. public of China, Denmark, Sweden, it. When he had boarded one of his There was another ship fire, too, not Honduras and Germany. vessels he would mark an X on the gang- long ago, in which underwriters were The cargoes were as varied as the plank so that he wouldn't repeat his interested. Fire broke out in a ship ships which carried them. A cargo of efforts. which was carrying phosphorus from fish meal went through the Canal from Provisioning ships of the varied nation- Japan, in tin cans. Canal Zone firemen South Africa to San Francisco. There alities the two agencies handle presents wet the cargo down but it re-ignited, as was bulk wheat from the Pacific North- some problems but not as many as might soon as the phosphorous dried out. The west and soya, several loads of it, from be expected. Most ships provision staples dissolved phosphorous got onto cargo-nets United States East Coast or Gulf ports in their home ports and take on only and onto the decks. Men walking through to Japan. perishable items here. it tracked it onto the dock where it could The P. & T. Voyager, transiting on But there are times when live goats be ignited just like the matchheads it was May 10, carried fireworks from a Penn- have to be provided as food for Hindu eventually to become. sylvania port to the State of Washington, seamen on some of the ships, or beef has Andrews, Payne & Wardlaw presumably to help some one celebrate to be slaughtered in accordance with the the Fourth of July. Other ships carried religious rites of other crewmen. Once In any of these cases and a great many steel girders, automobiles, machinery, one of the agencies rounded up a dozen others, it would be quite likely that coal, oil, cotton, phosphates, and dozens goats, on the hoof, and presented them you'd be dealing with W. Andrews & Co. of other items, in quantities large and en masse to a transiting ship so the cook or Payne and Wardlaw, either as shipping small. could take his pick. Goats used to be agents or in their capacity as Lloyd's Ships Queen's easily available in La Boca, but they agents. In addition to handling commercial have disappeared and a request for Because they are headed by the same traffic, Andrews acts as agents for the goats now usually means that some one man, big, booming-voiced Capt. Clifford British consul for all British and Com- has to make a trip to the Interior. Payne, many people confuse the two monwealth Navy ships. The firm will agencies. But actually they are as Operate Here handle the 15,900-ton Gothic when she separate as any other two agencies. of the shipping agencies here transits the Canal late in November, Most Reporters covering the waterfront in- carrying the Queen of England to are branch offices of parent companies variably have trouble at first straight- Australia. Regardless of what festivities established elsewhere, but Payne and ening out the difference between the two operate only are prepared ashore, the Canal transit of Wardlaw and W. Andrews and more than one has had to be re- at the Canal. the liner is expected to be routine. minded, repeatedly, that Payne and Payne, towering For most of the lines which the two Captain a man whose Line, for Wardlaw handles the Bank vigor and energy belie his years, still firms handle, the Canal Zone is the half- instance, while Shaw, Savill & Albion is way port and shipping agents the world keeps in touch with operations, although represented by Andrews. he will tell anyone asks: "I really over are firmly convinced that things who The difficulty is understandable; An- don't do anything any more. The boys drews men and Payne and Wardlaw men handle everything these days." By (there is only one woman on the two "boys," he means the agency people, is to these staffs and she a newcomer some of whom have been with him for male precincts) work side by side in the 30 years or more. big offices in. the Balboa Terminal Build- A visit to his office, however, is usually the Cristobal Masonic Temple. ing and interruped by numerous telephone calls. frequent visitor does not know Even a Some are from his managers, to discuss a for which, accounts and who works but ship in trouble, a vessel in need of special handled com- all business matters are attention, or some other shipping prob- pletely separately. lem. Some of the calls quite likely are Handled 110 Ships from people whom shipowners or personal friends have commended to Captain month, 110 of the Last May, a typical Payne's personal attention during their vessels which transited 650 commercial Isthmian visits, or from other people he boarding the Canal were handled by may have met some time or another the firms. Seventy per- officers from two somewhere in the world. cent of the 110 ships were of British or Born In India United States registry. Thirteen of the others flew the Norwegian flag and the Born in India, wr here his father was in rest were mostly singles or doubles, from the Colonial service as a railway man, the merchant marines of Panama, Spain, PERRY FRAXCEY he was sent when he was only five years August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 11 Forty Years Ago In July

Municipal Engineering Division forces began clearing the site for Miraflores

Pump Station No. 1, one of the first steps in the construction of the water works for the southern end of the Canal. It was planned that water would be taken from the Caimitillo arm of Mira- flores Lake, pumped to the purification plant "to be located on the top of the Miraflores Hill immediately above the Miraflores spillway," and from there, by gravity flow, to a pump station at Ancon where electric pumps would force it into mains leading to Panama.

Paraiso was selected as headquarters for all dredging operations for the Canal. A plan approved by the Chairman and Chief Engineer Ifi years ago in July provided that repair work on dredges then made at shops at both ends of the Canal would also be centralized in shops at Paraiso after water was turned into Culebra Cut.

Construction work was started on the permanent electrical transmission line across the Isthmus. The system, de- scribed in the Canal Record as "simple and straightforward," provided for the transmission of electrical energy from "a TYPICAL of the ships handled by W. Andrews & Co. is this 624-foot Norwegian tanker, Dalfonn, source of generation at Gatun" to load shown in Pedro Miguel locks. She was en route from San Pedro to Bergen with a load of fuel oil. centers at Miraflores, Balboa, and Cris- tobal. The transmission line, which was old, as were all young colonial boys, to W. Andrews & Co. is much older than to parallel the Panama Railroad right- boarding school in England. Colonial Payne & Wardlaw. It was founded of-way, was to run from Cristobal to girls stayed in India until they were 12. during the 1890's by William Thomas Balboa, permitting distribution He went to sea when he was 17 years Andrews who represented the West India of energy both ways from Gatun. old. The first ship on which he sailed Mail Company in Colon. The original was the Sierra Blanca, one of a fleet of 12 offices of the agency were in the Fort Applications were received the rent fine clippers which ran between Liverpool DeLesseps area, in an old wooden for Panama Railroad lots Nos. 1 2 and Rangoon. Captain Payne got his building which was demolished during the of and on the waterfront at Cristobal. The United master's license under sail at the end of a 1920's when the Army wanted room for Fruit Company planned to build an harrowing trip aboard another clipper expansion. office on one, the Canal Record stated, and th; called the Oread. The story of that trip When Mr. Andrews returned to Eng- Hamburg-American Line proposed to erect would fill a book; its highlights were a land about 1920, he left his business in a two-story building on the other. shipwreck off the Peruvian coast, a 30- Captain Payne's charge and on his death mile trek by burro across the Peruvian in 1926, he bequeathed the good will of The last of the three sluices through the desert, and the discovery, in an isolated the firm to his old friend and associate. ogee of Gatun Spillway Dam was closed Peruvian town, of a schoolmate, when an Agency Managers and Gatun Lake started its final rise to interpreter was needed. At the present time the operation of its permanent level. A schedule was When the Oread was finally abandoned, the organizations is under the general announced for the transfer of permanent Captain Payne joined the Pacific Steam of Francey, who managership Perowne buildings and the Canal shops from with the Navigation Company, serving PSNC was with the White Star Line in Liver- town of Gorgona, one of the sites to be from 1899 until 1910. His last PSNC pool before joining Captain Payne in inundated as the lake stretched out to was the Taboga which ran in command 1925. His office is now located in assume its final form. Panama's coastwise service with its Cristobal. sister ship, the Chiriqui. The Cristobal office is managed by The concrete penitentiary building at In 1910, Panama passed a cabotage C. 0. Kelly, who has worked on both Culebra, intended orginally as a laundry, law, which banned foreign flag ships from sides of the Isthmus during the past 26 was demolished because slides on the west the coastal trade and the Taboga and years. People who may not know him bank of the Cut had menaced its stability. Chiriqui were withdrawn. Captain Payne personally are familiar with his fine Convicts had been transferred to a stockade left PSNC and went on the Almirante- photographs which have been exhibited near the Mandingo River on the line of the Bocas del Toro run for the United in several local shows. Empire-Chorrera Road after they were Fruit Company. At Balboa, James P. Roberts is in moved from the building in 1911. They Sent to Europe charge. He is well known in local Little had been moved to a stockade at Gamboafor Theater circles and has been with Captain The following year he was sent to work on the Gamboa-Empire highway in 1927. was born in Europe by a Panamanian firm to order, Payne since He January 1918. oversee the building of, and bring to England and like Mr. Francey was with White Star Line staff before he joined the Panama a coastal craft which, appropri- In an attempt to reduce the unofficial shipping agency here. ately, was christened the Panama. use of telephones installed for official Cristobal office is located in the Captain Payne was her master until she The business, the Panama Railroad Company Masonic Temple Building; the office in was sold to the French Government installed automatic pay telephones at the Terminal Building at Balboa has about the time of World War I. 16 clubhouses, commissaries, hotels, rail- occupied since the building was Formation of the shipping company been road stations and other points. with the late Robert H. Wardlaw, who opened to tenants in July, 1916. had been local treasurer of the Panama The Panama Canal-Panama Railroad Railroad, followed soon after the opening An order was issued in 1913 prohibiting Company in 1943 led all United States of the Canal. Except as a passenger, or the turning over of seats in any of the Government agencies in the purchase of as the master of his own fishing boat, Panama Railroad first class coaches south War Bonds, with 95 percent of the em- the Pescadora, Captain Payne has not of Gorgona, unless the seats were occupied ployees subscribing an average of about been to sea since. by at least three passengers. 15 percent of their salaries. 12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953 Him To Panama; On the Atlantic side, he went to work Money Brought for a Health Department sanitary in- He Counted It For 36 Years spector. The inspector condemned old rotten buildings in the town and his helper pulled them down and burned Hundreds of thousands of dollars them. passed through the hands of Edward That work wasn't easy either, and one Howell in the 47 years he worked for the Saturday when his bones ached he stayed Canal before he left the organization at home to rest up for Monday. He rested, the end of July. He had been a clerk but had no job when he returned to work. and money counter in the Treasurer's So he went to work for somebody else, Office at Cristobal for 36 of those years. this time the District Quartermaster at Unlike most amateur money handlers Cristobal and served as janitor and night and self appointed financiers, the long- watchman at the old Lincoln House from time clerk believes that he has made very 1914 to 1917. Working on so-called few mistakes. "scavenger gangs," which cleaned Canal "If I had made many," he explained offices and quarters, he also did some of realistically during the last month of the cleaning work at the Cristobal work, "I probably wouldn't still be Treasurer's office. Someone there became around." acquainted with the janitor and when His supervisors use such terms as the office needed a money counter, he was "accurate, honest, responsible, and de- given the job that he held for the next pendable" to explain the employee and 36 years. the caliber of his work. He frequently found around the office money a caller dropped from a billfold, New Paraiso Buildings Near Completion perhaps, in the process of cashing a EDWARD HOWELL check. Once he discovered $50 neatly As School Begins In Local Rale Towns hidden beneath a blotter near the cashier's the foreman and the foreman liked liquor cage. In that case, the cashier remem- and paid the water boy from his pocket to {Continued from page 6) grade three the bered having paid someone that amount bring Scotch as well as water on his students have advanced enough to be during the day and, with a little detective rounds. interested in the problems of simple com- work, found the rightful owner. On Sundays the men in the labor munities, and fourth graders will learn Cashiers in the Canal organization also camps shared their "bathroom" with something of the problems of complex have had reason for gratitude to the long alligators, making use of the Rio Grande communities like the Canal Zone. time money counter. The bags of money River for baths and weekly laundry. By fifth grade they go farther afield that they send to the Treasurer's office The old timer also recalls that in and study "Panama and the Western sometimes contain a few pennies or a those early days the laborers were given Hemisphere," and sixth graders will few dollars more or less than they have lodging checks after a day's work in the devote their attention to "The Panama accounted for. Of course, that's Mr. Canal. If they didn't work, they didn't Canal and the World." Howell's job—to catch and rectify such get a check and couldn't sleep in the Only a few changes have been made errors. camps. If they weren't in camps, they in the teaching staff for the colored Like Apples on a Tree were picked up by the police and were schools. Gilberto Perez, who is well- It was money that attracted Mr. provided their night's lodging in jail. known in local musical circles, will teach Howell to the Canal Zone when he first Clearances Unnecessary instrumental music this year at La Boca came in 1906. He heard the stuff was In 1907, he quit his water-carrying junior and senior high schools. Reginald "growing on the trees like apples" and job and decided to try working on the Prescott, who in past years divided came to see for himself. He was a other side of the Isthmus. " 'Clearances' his time between the two colored bellhop in the Marine Hotel at home in for jobs weren't necessary then," he says. high schools, will teach at Rainbow City Hastings, Barbados, when he made the "No one checked up on you." this year. great decision. He assumes he missed the money trees; the main things he remembers seeing when he got to the Isthmus were mudholes and mosquitoes "so big that when they stuck ~%e most welcome you, you saw blood." He first lived in a tent city labor irij, camp, Otro Lado, on the "other side" of kind of musical the Canal from Paraiso. He started to work digging holes, first for tower con- years.'/ struction at Red Tank, then on a powder gang in the Mining Division, he said, where the holes he dug were filled with dynamite for the charges that blasted away the earth to dig the Panama Canal. His hands were soft and "peeled up" easily, he said, and he and his bosses decided that he wasn't husky enough for that kind of work. So he became a water boy, lugging big buckets equipped with drinking dippers to and from a v spring in Paraiso, up hill and down hill, -88 over the railroad tracks in the Canal prism and on slippery boardwalk "streets" in the towns. ^ ftotertt, ROBERT BASSLER Rain—By Bucketfulls Z.(\ toecedt, RICHARD SALE y • '" sc.e«npi.»o, 1S0BEL LENNART HNlCO He explains that the boards used for walkways later were equipped with wooden cleats to make them a little less slippery after tropical rains. And it Starts seemed to him that rain fell in those days continuously for two weeks— at a rate BALBOA THEATRE of about a bucket a drop.

That job wasn't easy either, but it August 22, 23, 24 had its special compensations. He liked August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 13

father later became Supreme Court Veteran Employee Completes Justice, a post which he held until his 42 Years With Panama Railroad death in 1936. In his honor Panama City named one of its busiest streets, J. F. de la Ossa Avenue, which most When Enrique de la Ossa entered the people know as "Automobile Row." service of the Panama Railroad on July Although he was very young, the 12, 1911, he was assistant freight clerk in younger de la Ossa fought for his coun- the Receiving and Forwarding Agency at try's independence. Then, with Panama the French pier in La Boca (now Balboa). safely a sovereign nation he was sent to Now, after 42 busy years in many complete his education in the United positions of trust and responsibility, he States where he quickly had to learn a has been assigned to still another new language he had never spoken before. job. Effective this month he became After finishing his schooling in 1908, and Special Agent for the Panama Railroad. in order to have a practical knowledge of In this new post his long and thorough commercial activities, he worked at the knowledge of the Railroad's relations Panama Consulate in New York City with business activities in Panama can and then for two export firms. In 1911 be of great value. he returned to the Isthmus where he of Rail- Mr. de la Ossa's service was commended entered the service the Panama in a recent letter from A. C. Medinger, road. He had then, and has since, many Railroad and Terminals Director, when opportunities to work elsewhere but he his he said: turned down all offers, to continue railroad service. "Effective August 1, 1953, you will be appointed to the position of Special Gold Over the Piers for the Railroad Division. This Agent In his first job as way-bill clerk, he position the has been authorized by was closely in touch with the thousands President in recognition of your long and ENRIQUE DE LA OSSA of tons of cargo which were discharged in loyal service to the Railroad. The posi- Balboa each month from South or Central tion of Special Agent is also a very America or the Far East for transship- while the duties are careeristhe knowledge of a job well done.' important one and ment across the Isthmus by rail. For not so arduous, it is expected that your Old Isthmian Family some time he was specie clerk, responsible knowledge of local conditions and railroad Enrique de la Ossa's family is well for gold or other precious material which freight will of special value operations be known in the history of the Republic came in cargo. to the Railroad Division. of Panama. Born in Panama City on Day after day, he took part in the "Please accept my congratulations on February 23, 1888, he is the nephew of cargo movements on the pier, receiving your having completed 42 years of service Dr. Manuel Amador, who became Pan- and forwarding freight as the Canal on July 12th, and of course, the best ama's first president, and son of J. F. neared completion. In 1911, 1,871,076 satisfaction we get out of a life-long de la Ossa, Alcalde of Panama. His tons of freight crossed the Isthmus by railroad; the following year the figure was well above the two million mark. Shipments from the Pacific side out- Restrictions On Commutation Of Leave weighed those southbound. The year after the Canal was opened, Will Become Effective On September 1 slides blocked it completely for several months. Shipowners nastily arranged for a transfer of bottoms; cargo which had Restrictions on the amount of leave will have earned 540 hours but only 324 been destined for transit through the which Canal employees can commute to hours may be commuted to cash. In Canal was transshipped by rail and cash on leaving the service become effec- both instances, leave earned above the reloaded into ships on the other side of tive after the last day of this month. amount which may be commuted can be the Isthmus. Pier and shipping facilities taken by Mr. A. before leavingthe service. The new rule on commutation of leave were strained. was contained in legislation passed by Mr. B., a U. S.-rate employee, was Moved to Pier 18 Congress at this session amending the employed January 1, 1950, and had 720 When Pier 18 was opened, on April 1, general leave laws applicable to all hours of accrued leave at the beginning 1916, Mr. de la Ossa's office was trans- Federal Government employees. of this year. If he leaves the service at in he was made of October of this year, he ferred there and 1922 The new legislation does not affect the the end may in of the piers. His since last January but cargo clerk charge method of accruing leave nor the amount take leave earned job also involved boarding and doing it on leaving the of leave which may be accumulated. may not be commuted agency work for all lines for which the The restrictions on leave commutation service. Panama Railroad was agent. for Company-Government employees are: The same system will apply to local- In 1928 he was promoted to stevedore rate employees but it will require the 1. A maximum which may be com- foreman and in 1934 was made head establishment of leave service dates which muted of 720 hours for U. S.-rate stevedore foreman. He held this post heretofore have not been required. employees and 416 for local-rate em- only a few months when he was made In the past Canal U. S.-rate employees ployees. Assistant to the Receiving and Forward- could commute to cash all accumulated 2. A limitation of 240 hours (30 work ing Agent. Early in 1941 he was trans- up to the accrued maximum of 720 days) which may be commuted within leave ferred to Panama City as Local Agent hours plus the amount that might have the first year of employment. at a time when the Panama terminal was earned in the service year following 3. A limitation of 324 hours (40K been completely congested. He succeeded in accumulation of the maximum. work days) for U. S.-rate employees relieving this situation, and maintained it. and 208 hours (26 work days) for local- Aside from amending the leave rules "I've been through two wars with the rate employees which may be com- on commutation, the new legislation also Panama Railroad," Mr. de la Ossa said service within muted on leaving the bars the commutation of leave for any the other day. "World War I came along

two years of employment. employee when transferring to another while I was at Pier 18; I served the second Some examples on how the rule on Government agency. Leave earned by World War in the Panama freight yards." commuted leave will operate are given the employee at the time of the transfer Busy years they were too, then and below: will be transferred on an adjusted basis afterward. In 1941, when he was trans- the leave systems of the two Mr. A., a U. S.-rate employee, was when ferred to Panama City, trans-Isthmian agencies differ. freight 1,073,767 tons in a employed July 1, 1953. If he leaves the revenue was service 12 months later on June 30, 1954, The new rules also provide for the year, almost double normal shipments. he will have earned 324 hours of leave payment of holiday time when accumu- In all these busy years, Mr. de la Ossa but only 240 hours of this may be com- lated leave is commuted to cash, a pro- has handled all of this volume of freight. muted to cash. If he leaves the service vision not hitherto provided in Canal Now, after 42 years, he will have a chance 20 months later, February 28, 1955, he leave regulations. to take things a little easier. 1

14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953

AUGUST SAILINGS PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

From Cristobal June 15 through July 15 Employees who were promoted or trans- Dr. John L. Winkler, Dr. Robert V. Panama August 7 ferred between June 15 and July 15 are Balfour, Dr. Ernest O. Svenson, from 14 Cristobal August listed below. Regradings and within-grade Intern to Medical Officer, Pacific Medical A neon August 2 promotions are not listed. Clinics. Panama August 28 ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH Col. Merrill C. Davenport, from Medi- Mrs. Beatrice E. Lee, from Records cal Officer to Chief, Medical Service, From New York Administrator, Records Section, to Passen- Gorgas Hospital. ger Traffic Clerk, Transportation Section. Donald N. Zeese, from Superintendent, Cristobal August 4 CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU Street Cleaning and Refuse Collection, Di- Anion August 11 Billy W. Cole, from Property and Supply vision of Sanitation, to Medical Equipment Panama August 18 Clerk, Commissary Division, to Postal Clerk. Repairman, Ambulance Service. Cristobal August 25 Mrs. Eileen M. O'Brien, from Substi- INDUSTRIAL BUREAU tute Teacher to Physical Education Teacher. David A. Hope, from Student Assistant, (Northbound, the ships are in Haiti from Earl R. Hatten, from Policeman to Dredging Division, to Apprentice Welder, 7 a. m. to noon Sunday; southbound, the Fireman. Industrial Bureau. Haiti stop is Saturday from 7 a. m. to Richard B. Hoard, from Guard, Atlantic MARINE BUREAU 4 p. m.) Locks, to Fireman. George E. Riley, Jr., from Signalman Donald H. Boland, from File Clerk, to Supervisory Signalman, Navigation Personnel Records Division, Postal Clerk. to Division. Carleton F. Hallett, Frank J. Bartlett, Kenneth L. Bailey, from Dock Fore- Kenneth T. Daly, James V. Bartlett, man to Shipbuilding Inspector, Navigation ANNIVERSARIES from Fireman to Fire Sergeant. Division. Pearson, from Fireman Chester W. to William T. O'Connor, from Super- Policeman. visory Signalman to Dock Foreman, Navi- Employees who observed important anni- Jay L. Pittington, from Guard, Pacific gation Division. during the month of are listed versaries July Locks, to Policeman. John M. Klasovsky, from Lock Operator alphabetically below. The number of years Sigurd E. Esser, from Director, Second- Leader Wireman to Control House Oper- includes all Government service with the ary Education, to Director of Schools. ator, Atlantic Locks. Canal or other agencies. Those with con- Collinge, from Director, Roger W. Ele- Merrill T. Webster, from Lock Oper- tinuous service with the Canal are indicated mentary Education, to Assistant Superin- ator Wireman to Lock Operator Leader with (*). tendent of Elementary and Director Wireman, Atlantic Locks. 45 YEARS Education. Ralph W. Henderson, Joseph Quintal, Charles A. Dubbs, from Training Officer, Joseph C. Hannigan, Lockmaster, At- from Machinist, Locks Overhaul, to Lock Personnel Bureau, to Director, Secondary lantic Locks. Operator Machinist, Pacific Locks. 42 YEARS Education, Schools Division. James P. Johnson, Norman R. *Enrique de la Ossa, Local Agent, COMMUNITY SERVICES BUREAU Hutchinson, from Pilot-in-Training, to Panama City, Railroad and Terminals Mrs. Annie R. Rathgeber, from Clerk- Probationary Pilot, Navigation Division. Bureau. Stenographer, Clubhouse Division, to Clerk- Henning J. Spilling, from Stevedore 41 YEARS Typist, Office of Director. Foreman, Terminals Division, to Towboat George H. Cassell, Housing Manager, Beauford J. Hartley, General Operator, Master, Navigation Division. Balboa. from Division of Sanitation to Grounds James A. Schofield, from Machinist, 40 YEARS Maintenance Division. Industrial Bureau, to Lock Operator Ma- •Emmett Zemer, Safety Inspector, OFFICE OF COMPTROLLER chinist, Atlantic Locks. Community Services Bureau. Mrs. Marion E. Troup, from Time, Eugene White, from Gauger and Crib- 35 YEARS Leave, and Payroll Clerk, to Retirement tender Foreman, Terminals Division, to Clerk, Payroll Branch. Hans P. Pedersen, Foreman, Barge Signalman, Navigation Division. John D. Collins, from Timekeeper, Repair Station, Dredging Division. W. Everette N. Clouse, Combination Weld- Pacific Locks Overhaul, to Construction er, from Maintenance Division to Dredging 30 YEARS Cost Analyst, Plant Inventory and Apprais- Division. H. Conrad Dodson, Supervising Ac- al Staff. William E. Johnson, from Third Assist- counting Clerk, Comptroller's Office. Richard M. Coy, from Accounting ant Marine Engineer, U. S. Taboga, to Chief Frank W. Hohmann, Cash Accounting Clerk, Electrical Division, to Accountant, Towboat Engineer, Navigation Division. Clerk, Comptroller's Office. Internal Audit Staff. Anthony J. Catanearo, Machinist, John R. McLavy, Chemist, Health ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION from Industrial Bureau to Dredging Divi- Bureau. BUREAU sion. Alan S. Wallace, Pilot. Frank H. Robinson, from Policeman to Harvey B. Trower, Towboat Master, 25 YEARS Engineering Aid, Meteorological and Hydro- from Dredging Division to Ferry Service. graphic Branch. John M. Fahnestock, Captain of Police, John A. Taylor, from Maintenance John W. Short, from Powerhouse Cristobal District. Mechanic, Colon Hospital, to Guard, Operator to Senior Powerhouse Operator, Beatrice S. Gardner, High School Atlantic Locks. Electrical Division. Teacher, Balboa. RAILROAD AND TERMINALS BUREAU David V. Kennedy, from Hydraulic Frances M. Grigge!, Supply Assistant from High Engineer, Meteorological and Hydrographic Edward H. Bensen, Junior (Drygoods), Commissary Division. Teacher, Schools Division, to Branch, to Civil Engineer, Maintenance School George A. Halloran, Heavy Labor Terminals Division. Gauger and Cribtender Foreman, Foreman, Maintenance Division. Robert Van Wagner, Administrative Division. Russel J. Jones, Chief, Cost Accounts from Public Works Assistant, from Maintenance Division to Henry C. Freeman, Branch. Foreman, Maintenance Division, to Steve- Office of Maintenance Engineer. George O. Lee, Instructor, Jr. College. Terminals Division. Robert F. Ausenmer, from Policeman, dore Foreman, William F. Mornhinweg, Jr., Elec- Police Division, to Apprentice Powerhouse SUPPLY AND SERVICE BUREAU trical Supervisor, Pacific Locks. Operator, Electrical Division. Leo J. Krziza, from Accounting Clerk to 20 YEARS Mrs. Barbara G. Aycock, Clerk-Sten- Administrative Assistant, Motor Trans- *Harry F. Butz, Superintendent, Atlan- ographer, from Division of Schools to portation Division. tic Area, Water and Laboratories Branch. Electrical Division. Michael I. Crooks, from Supervisor, James O. Catron, Policeman. William G. Mutnmaw, Anthony J. Light Equipment, to Supervisor, Motor "Frances A. Hunter, Clerk, Plant Kucikas, from Carpenter Leader to Transportation Division. Inventory and Appraisal Staff. Leader, Quarters Maintenance, Mainte- William A. Cawl, from Commissary Guy R. Lord, Chief Sr. Engineer (Tow- nance Division. Assistant, to Storekeeper (Shipping-Re- boat), Ferry Service. Mrs. Marian M. Langford, from Clerk- ceiving), Commissary Division. William G. Rowe, Chief Sr. Engineer Typist to Accounting Clerk, Electrical George E. Lowery, from Meat Cutter to (Towboat), Navigation Division. Division. Meat Cutter-in-charge, Commissary Divi- John P. Smith, Jr., Chief, Division of Verna E. Kelly, from Student Assistant sion. Sanitation. to Clerk-Typist, Electrical Division. Charles P. Shay, from Commissary 15 YEARS William J. Leddy, from Plumbing In- Manager to Assistant to Chief, Retail Elmer G. Abbott, Assistant Port Cap- spector, Contract and Inspection Division, Stores, Commissary Division. tain, Balboa. to Plumber, Maintenance Division. Ralph A. Nelson, from Lock Overhaul Glenn H. Burdick, Clerk, Electrical HEALTH BUREAU Foreman, Pacific Locks Overhaul, to Division. Mary L. Azcarraga, Clerk-Stenographer, Gauger, Division of Storehouses. Charles E. Chase, Cribtender Foreman from Administrative Section to Gorgas Stanley M. Hamilton, from Supervi- and Gauger, Terminals Division. Hospital. sory Clerk, Hotel Tivoli, to Supervisory Ad- John W. Dwyer, Jr., Fireman, Fire Mrs. Esther V. Swift, from Medical ministrative Assistant, Hotel Washington. Division. Technician (chemistry), Board of Health Bart J. Elich, from Assistant to Chief, Philip A. Hale, Jr., Storekeeper, Pacific Laboratory, to Medical Technician (gen- Retail Stores, Commissary Division, to Locks. eral), Colon Hospital. Assistant to Supply and Service Director. *J. Rufus Hardy, Press Representative. Maj. Charles G. Kendall, from Pacific Paul H. Friedman, from Assistant to *David W. Hawthorne, Supervisory Dental Clinics to Gorgas Hospital. Supply and Service Director to Assistant Coffee Specialist, Commissary Division. Dr. Michael J. Takos, from Resident to Director. Anita H. McKeown, Accounting Clerk, Medical Officer, Gorgas Hospital. Joseph H. White, from Car Loading Comptroller's Office. Dr. Virgilio Peralta P., from Intern to Foreman, Commissary Division, to Super- Walter M. Rader, Guard, Pacific Locks. Resident, Gorgas Hospital. visory Storekeeper, Division of Storehouses —

August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15

Security Check Of Sensitive Positions Ten Years Ago In July Will Require 12-18 Months To Complete Captain George Herman was named

The security review check of all employ- days, through the Chief, Internal Secur- Assistant Chief of the Police and Fire ees of the Canal organization, now being ity Branch, statements and affidavits Division. The new Police Chief A. O. conducted by the Internal Security refuting the charges on which the suspen- Meyer, named a month before, was given Branch, is a normal, routine check of all sion is based. These statements will be the rank of Major. employees of the U. S. Federal Govern- reviewed and a recommendation for dis- ment. It is not a "witch hunt" or position of the case will be submitted to A new regulation was placed in effect something new and menacing. the Governor, who may then: providing that persons employed by The It is required by a recent Executive 1. Restore the suspended employee to Panama Canal in the United States for Order, establishing security requirements duty; in such case the employee will be service on the Isthmus would be required for government employees, and setting up compensated for the period of suspension. to agree to remain in service for a full year "sensitive" positions in the Federal serv- 2. Transfer the employee to another or reimburse the organization for travel ice. A "full-field investigation," which position within the Company-Govern- expenses. means that a thorough check is made of ment. sources furnishing background on the 3. Terminate the employment of the The new Canal Zone Air Terminal was employee's activities, must be made of suspended individual. formally opened. The first plane to use every employee occupying a sensitive In addition to the foregoing protection, the new airport was a Panagra airliner, position. which is guaranteed to all Company- southbound for Lima. The terminal The order, dated last April 27 and Government employees, United States building had been completed about a numbered 10450, is designed to weed out citizens, who have completed the proba- month earlier but the opening had been from government positions everywhere tionary period in permanent or indefinite delayed because of faults in the air all persons not suited for government appointments, are entitled to: conditioning system. employment. This affect not only would 1. A written statement of charges. those who might traffic with or be sym- W. M. Whitman, Attorney in the General 2. An opportunity to answer charges. pathetic to an unfriendly nation but also Counsel's Office, was named Assistant 3. A hearing before an impartial board. those who for such reasons as mental or General Counsel of The Panama Canal and moral instability are poor security risks. 4. A review by the Governor of the Assistant Counsel for the Panama Rail- Between 12 and 18 months will be board's findings. road Company on the Isthmus. required to complete the investigation of occupants of "sensitive" positions in the Canal organization, according to word from the Internal Security Branch which is handling the Company-Government's Security Program. "Sensitive" positions, generally defined, are whose whose occupants: 1. May have access to security informa- WELL DRESSED BABIES no longer wear A SEVEN-MINUTE Huffy frosting mix is one Fashion has decreed of the new kitchen time and labor savers tion classified as "confidential," "secret," only pink or blue. Dame and the clothing industry has deferred to coming to the Commissaries this month. A or "top secret," or baby clothes of maize and mint or almost any six-ounce package will cost about 30 cents. 2. May have the opportunity to commit other light color that appeals to mothers. acts which directly or indirectly could Following the little fashion lead, the A new shipment of Heywood-Wakefield infants' dress and New furniture, of Monticello cherry have an adverse effect on national Commissaries have new slip sets trimmed in maize and mint and Furniture and maple, is now in the stores. security. colored gripper diaper pants and shirts The local action is in accord with that of yellow. GOOD GOLF OVERSHOES with steel taken in all government organizations, spikes are now in the stores. They cost $4.75. "Redi- Tea," expected in the stores in August, in the United States or overseas, and is will eliminate the boiling, steep- Aficionados of Italian food—and who isn't? required by Executive Order No. 10450. Tall ing, cooling and sugaring involved will be glad to know there is a

The somewhat complicated forms which and in serving iced tea. It is a liquid Pizza new pizza mix. It comes in a employees in positions considered as Cool to which you add only water to Pies package that includes the sauce make this cooling drink. An eight- and is expected during August. "sensitive" are now filling out are similar ounce bottle, White Rose brand, will cost A 125^-ounce package will cost about to those used in the other government about 23 cents. The directions say "use two 50 cents. agencies. or mor e teaspoonsful to make a glass of iced A sheet of instructions accompanies tea of the desired strength." "WHITE SHOULDERS" perfume and co- logne will be in the stores in August. each form and personnel of the Internal "NYLAST," also expected this month, is a Security Branch stand ready to assist new "shampoo" for nylon hose which the Car pens for babies, new in the stores, can employees by answering special questions manufacturer says will double their wearing be used either as the usual baby which may not have been covered by the time. DuPont makes the vital ingredient in Safe car seat or, with the seat Riding dropped down, form a pen in general instructions. A large number of the washing fluid. which baby can stretch and employees have already been assisted in An upright barbecue grill, expected soon in stand, held securely where he belongs. filling out their questionnaires. the Commissaries, provides not Every employee of the Canal organiza- Charcoal one, but three cooking sur- LOWRY'S seasoned table salt is another Broiled faces, one on top in the con- new product that will arrive soon in the tion is subject to a security investigation ventional style and two vertical grocery sections. It contains spices, sugar, in one form or another. For those in cooking surfaces on the sides. Those on the monosodium glulamale, onion, garlic, herbs, nonsensitive positions, this usually con- sides keep grease from dripping on the fire cornstarch, and artificial flavoring. A four- sists only of employee personnel and and can also be used as a windbreak if it's ounce tin will cost about 30 cents. of or night. record files being reviewed and reevalu- that kind a day The vertical grills, that barbecue, broil, ated. Deductions Authorized and fry, are of two sizes, 24x30x12 '4 and All investigative reports containing 12 x 30 x 24 inches. For Eye Glass Purchases derogatory information on Canal em- is a new ployees are evaluated in the office of the BROWN 'N SERVE SAUSAGE The purchase of eye glasses at the purchase cold storage people are crowing Chief, Internal Security Branch. If the Commissaries may now be made by about. It will cook in three minutes without payroll deduction. The plan was recently derogatory information is verified, the the waste that usually characterizes frying report is given further administrative sausage. It is a Swift product, packed in approved by the Office of the Comptroller. review by the Lieutenant Governor to one-half pound packages that will cost about The purchase of eye glasses by payroll 50 cents, and is expected in the stores in determine if the employee concerned is to deduction was suggested in a letter to August. be suspended or removed from work of R. L. Sullivan, General Manager of the any sort until his case has been finally Men's underwear shorts of dacron, one of Commissary Division, from H. W. Rerrie, decided. the new fabric "miracles" that is Second Vice President of Local 900, CIO. Dacron long wearing and needs no Such an employee will be notified in Mr. Rerrie called attention in his letter Shorts ironing, are expected in the to the desirability of such a plan for writing of the reasons for the suspension. stores late in August. They will He has the right to submit, within 30 cost about $3.50. local-rate employees. 16 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953 STATISTICS ON CANAL TRAFFIC

For the purpose of comparison between pre-war and post-war traffic through the Panam: i Canal, statistics for the fiscal year 1938 are used in this section, as being more nearly normal for peace time than those for 1939.

1929 1952 1953 1929 1952 1953 1929 1952 1953

v TOLLS s r CREDITS r

, 1466 ' a .

^ < > N> J

I A l* A A h TOLLS- .TOLLS s CREDITS J ' CREDITS n r r $5,526,038 l203 ' w > r A J 'A I , K-. •:• small :• ^COMMERCIALS :: .1294 •:••

r- h > _ > •••••• small :•:•: r.y r* -i -J ;COMMERCIAL' .TOLLS » < J CREDITS <\ FREE $3,413,728 616

[XSMALL 292;

i OCEAN -GOING, OCEAN-GOING AN-GOING. OCEAN-GOING :OCEAN-GOING - • small and SMALL AND . COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL . lCOMMERCIAL •.COMMERCIAL'. ocean-going; ,OCEAN -GOING •commercial ^COMMERCIAL

6289 ;/.y:V6524V;y;': 27585 000 :-30 674 302 '$26 995'772

TRANSITS P. C. TONNAGE TOLLS COLLECTED LARGE COMMERCIAL

MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS Transit, Tolls, Tonnage Vessels of 300 tons net or over Comparisons Tell Story By fiscal years

A GRAPHIC STORY of the upsurge Tolls of shipping through the Panama Canal Transits Month (In thousands of dollars) is told in the chart above showing com- 1953 1952 1938 1953 1952 103S parisons of transits, tolls, and net tonnage of vessels for the three peak years in the July. _ 529 463 457 $2,343 $1,981 $2,030 Canal's 39 years of operation. 533 490 505 2,288 2,103 2,195 The number of ocean-going commercial transits exceeded 600 in ten of the months 615 516 444 2,636 2,189 1,936 in the past fiscal year and complete new records were set in both monthly and October 673 544 461 2,910 2,230 1,981 annual traffic statistics. November 620 502 435 2,611 2,053 1,893 The records for Canal traffic and tolls S3t in 1929 were unbroken until 1952 December . 626 550 439 2,679 2,347 1,845 when the increase in shipping established January . . 632 522 444 2,690 2,121 1,838 new high marks in ocean-going commer- cial transits and net vessel tonnage. A February .. .. __ 616 507 436 2,597 2.IIS2 1,787 new record in tolls was set in the past fiscal year, exceeding the previous record March 678 613 506 2,884 2,512 2,016 of $27,128,000 by more than $4,750,000. April 628 601 487 2,733 2,423 1,961 Tolls and tolls credit for the past fiscal year were approximately $7,135,000. May 650 622 465 2,861 2,481 1,887 The fiscal years 1952 and 1953 were the June _ . . 610 594 445 2,686 2,401 1,801 first in which credit for tolls on U. S. Government shipping has been shown in Totals for fiscal year 7,410 6,524 5,524 $31,918 $26,923 $23,170 the financial statistics of the Canal. .

August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 17

CANAL'S BANNER YEAR EXCEEDS FORECASTS MADE BY SEVERAL WELL-KNOWN ANALYSTS

No soothsayer ever had a more trouble- some time with his predictions than the ,-' -, - many experts for the past half century in .--"' -~ forecasting Panama Canal traffic for any ,-- appreciable period. (/) 1947 «*&

Because of the extreme fluctuations in z ,, tot*.

1 the number of ships moving through the l/> o -, ." as reflected changes of r k _-/-l»t» Canal by world ** ^ K i TOTAL TPANS/TS fc co^S^" an economic or political nature, the l/> / <°' i -^-fS * ! long-range traffic trends are all but (~~\ J i/) J \ r "' ,' unpredictable. The past fiscal year, < s \> transits \X"Xj however, since the number of I- t \ figures far and total net tonnage exceeded 1 former records, was a banner one for all COM W£ HCIAL TffAWSi rs - f 7 fjwiPi or on" jog nrr / forecasters except the most optimistic. rfiiit rofi} The accompanying chart above shows jf -— the prediction of Dr. Roland L. Kramer in 1947 on Canal transits for the last half FISCAL YEAR of this century. Dr. Kramer, Professor of Commerce and Transportation at the Net tonnage, commercial the Officer-in-Charge of the 1929-31 Wharton School of Finance and Com- vessels over 300 tons, fiscal Nicaraguan Canal Survey. It was based merce of the University of Pennsylvania, year 1953 __ 3<>, 500, 000 on the interrelation of world shipping, was employed as a traffic consultant for Net tonnage, tolls credit ves- Panama Canal traffic, and Suez Canal the Isthmian Canal Studies of 1947. sels, 1953 _ 6,500,000 traffic over the years 1890 to 1930, Total net tonnage, fiscal year Kramer Estimated Low inclusive. 1953 43,000,000 Dr. Huebner, another Professor of Com- As indicated on the chart, the number C. S. Ridley (1923) .41,200,000 of ocean-going commercial transits and merce and Transportation at the Univer- Harrv Burgess and R. A. sity of Pennsylvania, prepared his estimate total transits both exceeded his predic- Wheeler (1929) 50,000,000 tions for the first time. In making his while employed by a special committee Sydney B. Williamson (1929- to report on Canal tolls and rules of estimate of future traffic trends, Dr. 31) 51,900,000 Kramer added 7.4 percent to cover the measurement. It was based on tonnage Grover G. Huebner (1936) 37,500,000 factor of through or partial transits for of Suez traffic from 1870 to 1935 and Roland L. Kramer (1947) 36,600,000 Panama Canal equipment. Since the Panama Canal general cargo tonnage indicating traffic from 1947 through figures from 1923 to 1936. lines The forecast made by General Ridley, 1953 show actual transits, his prediction former Panama Canal Governor, was on total traffic for the past year was well made while serving as Assistant Engineer When Sea Level Is Not Sea Level the actual number. under of Maintenance. His estimate was based forecasts of Panama And Why The Tides Are Different The first of many on 1924 figures projected to 1925 which about 50 years Canal traffic was made failed to materialize and therefore his ago for the first Isthmian Canal Com- forecast is somewhat higher than it (Continued from page 4) gates. The tidal R. Johnson, also mission by Dr. Emory would have been had he used the actual lock would be on a channel by-pass; oper- Professor of Transportation and Com- 1925 traffic figures. ated much as are the present locks, it University of Pennsylvania. merce at the The estimates prepared by Governor would have a chamber 200 feet wide and in reports His estimate was contained Burgess and General Wheeler when the 1,500 feet long. industrial and commercial prepared on the latter was serving as Assistant Engineer In the normal operation of the tidal value of a canal. of Maintenance were based primarily on regulation structures, the navigable pass forecast, and one which His second a review of traffic statistics for both Suez would be open when the Pacific tides are accurate, was prepared was remarkably and Panama Canals. The figures used near mean sea level, and during these Canal was opened in shortly before the were based on measurement rules in effect periods traffic would be routed through 1914 while serving as Special Commis- prior to 1938 and therefore the total the pass. Canal Traffic and sioner on Panama figure of 50,000,000 net tons is somewhat During tidal stages which would pro- Tolls. higher than if the estimate were trans- duce channel currents over the limited Suez A Factor lated to present rules of measurement. current velocity, the navigable pass would numerous Since the Canal was opened, Mr. Williamson's estimate of future be closed and traffic routed through the been made predictions on traffic have Canal traffic was made while serving as tidal lock. which were based on long range studies of world trade trends and other factors CANAL TRANSITS—COMMERCIAL AND U . S. GOVERNMENT known to affect the movement of inter-

cases, • oceanic shipping. In most the Fiscal Year prognosticated took into consideration 1953 1952 1938 the movement of traffic through the Suez Canal because the many years of its Atlantii Pacific operation made possible a study of long- to to Total Total Total Pacific Atlantic range trends in sea-borne commerce. Most of the predictions dealt with Commercial vessels: 3,674 3,7.56 7,410 6,524 5,524 tonnage figures rather than the number of of transits. Without a careful analysis Small 656 638 1,294 1,401 931 each forecast separately it is difficult to make comparisons between predictions Total commercial.. 4,330 4,374 8,704 7,925 6,455 and actual statistics. However, the **U. S. Government vessels: following the pre- summarizes some of . Ocean-going ... 698 366 1,064 774 f dictions of expert analysts in comparison 441 i with figures on traffic during the past Small 201 201 402 429 fiscal year. All figures are in round Total commercial and U. S. Government. 5,229 4,941 10,170 9,128 6,896 numbers and predicted tonnage is approx- imate, since estimates were made in ' .. *\ » . , _ , , essels under Jut) Panama Canal net tons or 500 displacement tons. five-year periods. Dates of the predlC- "Vessels on which tolls are credited. Prior to July 1, 1951, Government-operated tions are shown in parentheses. ships transited free. _

18 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953 TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES Governor Receives Letter The following table shows the cargo shipments in thousands of long tons, of com- From Panama Landlords mercial vessels (300 net tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes: FISCAL YEAR High praise for the efficiency of the personnel connected with the water man- 1953 1952 1938 agement contract and the garbage and United States Intercoastal ______4,871 4,279 6,395 trash collection in Panama City has been

publicly expressed by the Panama Pro- 5,176 5,098 2,652 prietors Association. Both the water management contract administered by East Coast of V. S. and Central America 552 528 46 the Maintenance Division and the gar- East Coast of U. S., Canada, and Far East__ 7,848 6,283 4,912 bage and trash collection work of the Health Bureau in Panama and Colon U. S. /Canada East Coast and Australasia 1,456 1,634 992 terminated at the end of June. Europe and West Coast of U. S./Canada__ _ 4,036 5,970 4,237 Appreciation for the manner in which

the work was done was expressed in a 1,491 1,706 9 974 letter to Governor Seybold from Carlos A. Patterson, Secretary of the Panama Europe and Australasia __ 2,137 2,478 1,251 Proprietors Association, who said in part: All other routes 8,528 5,635 3,927 "The Panama Association of Pro-

prietors, in the name of all the land- Total Traffic _ _ _ 36,095 33,611 27,386 lords in Panama, is pleased to acknowledge publicly in writing the Canal commercial traffic by nationality of vessels sincere appreciation felt toward the

heads and personnel of the Water Fiscal Years Office and the Garbage Collection 1953 1952 1938 Department, who worked so faith- Nationality fully and efficiently until June 30. Num- Num- Num- ber of Tony, of ber of Tons of ber of Tons of "The high spirit of justice which transits cargo transits cargo transits cargo beats in every Panamanian breast moves us to make public acknow- 3 13,670 2 18,507 ledgment and, in a very special way, 2 10,300 7 6,319 to all Canal Zone resident citizens, of British _ 1,365 7,877,279 1,267 7.967.866 1,281 6,417,016 the just recognition of the work of 59 322.415 49 209,541 9 28,787 these services as performed by the 37 291,480 24 211,855 2 13.113 American personnel for the Republic Colombian-. 144 144,654 109 115,389 Costa Rican.- - 9 57,651 10 36.370 of Panama over a long period of 2 years." 206 884 , 888 206 978,969 223 865 , 235 152 88,305 143 98,104 Plans Proceeding For Conversion 2 4,695 2 1,000 Of Zone Electricity To 60-Cycles 3 15.177 2 7,680 1 4,021 141 566,524 134 559,073 105 567,288 (Continued from page I) proponents of the 230 352,899 30 105,632 357 1,518,593 60-cycle idea obtained medical opinion Greek 92 829,097 89 814,429 94 525,351 that the 25-cycle current would produce 2 1 ,860 2 3,152 eye strain, while 25-cycle advocates Houduran 400 570,321 476 575,457 22 8,478 5 24,411 held that excessive reading, by any 3 746 frequency, would be detrimental to Iri^h 28 21,181 26 15,164 eyesight. 1 9,700 1 9,220 The question arose again at the time Italian 141 677,501 86 462,451 52 153,417

320 2.113,273 105 696 , 794 300 1.877,502 Madden hydroelectric station was built 3 4,900 in the early 1930's, and serious thought 131 930.937 106 337,271 has again been given to the matter since 10 34,078 7 19,916 about 1950. 4 25.672 Netherland 112 4i)5,387 106 566,607 285 749,012 Nicaraguan 17 7,571 2 1,027 Main Routes Gain Canal As Norwegian 877 3,303.375 850 3,067,799 667 3,433,571 Shipping Has Record Year Panamanian 444 2,592.208 352 1,858,041 182 415,561 22 50.159 17 15,788 5 7.151 2')') (Continued from page I) previous year. Philippine- __ 25 145.044 27 159. 3 8,441 21.167 Both dry cargo tonnage and tanker 5 5 10,419 traffic increased last on year the United 35 154.251 22 130.992 2 15,280

States intercoastal route, with the former Swedish _ 182 755.324 165 761,701 110 763,049 making up 81 percent of the total tonnage 6 44,753 11 58.567 12,661 .041 2,084 13,693,521 1,780 9,892,619 during 1953. United States 2,165 Venezuelan. 43 66.376 19 30,095 4 3,971 Mineral oils, coal and coke, and manu- 14 73,413 factures of iron and steel were the three leading commodities shipped through the Total 7,410 36,095,349 6,524 33,610,509 5,524 27,385,924 Canal last year from the Atlantic to the Pacific. CARGO HANDLED OVER PIERS (In Short Tons) The three principal commodities in the Pacific to Atlantic trade were various Fiscal Year 1953 1952 1938 ores, lumber, and wheat. Cristobal Balboa Total All Piers All Piers The gain in commodity shipments

,'« through the Canal last year over 1952 1 .il cargo received 282,745 118,349 401,094 425,912- 363,699 fiscal year was principally in the trade Local cargo forwarded . 43,108 85,612 128,720 158,884 52,081 moving from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Commodity shipments in this direction Transfer cargo received 270,427 12,209 282,636 359,890 555,725 totaled 17,329,000 long tons in 1953, an 812,450 944,686 971,505 increase of 2,200,000 tons over 1952. Total incoming cargo handled. 596,280 216,170 Only a slight gain was shown in the Reh. milled cargo _ 11,709 1,073 12,782 12,979 8,683 tonnage of commodities shipped through the Canal from the Pacific to the Atlantic, [i.in-Ui i argo forwarded. _ 285,053 11,658 296,711 362,451 550,099 the total amount in 1953 being 18,766,000 Total cargo handled tons, as compared with tons 18,482,000 and transferred.. 895,0-12 228,901 1,121,943 1.320,116 1,530,287 in the previous year. August 7, 1953 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 19

Hospital Insurance, Quarters Assignments Here's Where Discussed At July Employee Conference They Moved RETIREMENTS IN JULY

Retirement certificates were {.Continued from page 8) assignments in Bal- A series of changes in Canal office presented in the end of July to the following employees boa had been so declined. assignments which began early May is now nearing completion. The prin- who are listed alphabetically, together with Other subjects brought up in the cipal changes and new office locations their birthplaces, titles, length of service conference were: are summarized as follows: and future addresses: A change in the swimming pool The Treasurer's Office, Claims Mrs. Mary L. Clements, Ohio; Com- Branch schedules from that originally announced; and Agency Accounts Branch, missary Assistant, Ancon; 32 years, 3 all of the Comptroller's Office, have months, 10 days; Lutz, Fla. Balboa pool will be opened seven days moved to Building 5142 in Diablo Ross H. Hollowell, Ohio; Estimator and and other pools six days weekly; Heights. Planner, Industrial Bureau; 34 years, 2 The Supply Service Director's Discontinuance of the Diablo rubbish and months, 16 days; Hendersonville, N. C Office is now in Rooms 262 270 while dump and inauguration of a new dump Robert W. Hutchings, Mississippi; the Comptroller and his immediate in the hills behind Assistant Auto Repair Foreman, Motor Red Tank; staff, as well as the Accounting Systems Transportation Division; 30 years, 8 months, The expected demolition of all buildings Staff, now occupy all offices on the 1 day; San Jose, Calif. in Red Tank by Christmas, 1953; second floor of the west wing of the Administration Building. Yard A. Kerruish, Missouri; Steward, Proposed transfer to Margarita of the The Man- agement Staff of the Comptroller's Clubhouse Division; 22 years, 10 months, Atlantic side drivers' license examiner, Office has moved to Room 112. 24 days; St. Petersburg, Fla. who is a police officer and whose presence The Locks Division headquarters are Godfrey B. Pacetti, Florida; Fleet could give Margarita a more personalized now located at Pedro Miguel Locks. Machinist, Dredging Division; 23 years, The Wage and Classification Division 5 months, 13 days; Panama. service than it has at present as a call has moved to Room 102 of the Admin- Norman E. Rocker, Nebraska; Admin- station (This proposal was objected to by istration other Building with Personnel istrative Assistant, Office of Engineering several Atlantic side conferees, and is Bureau units. and Construction Director; 34 years, 6 being studied further); The Internal Security Branch has months, 27 days; California. moved to the former Treasurer's office Irl R. Sanders, Kentucky; Control Service Credit on the first floor. The rooms vacated House Operator, Atlantic Locks; 25 years, by this office on the third floor of the 8 months, 12 days; Glasgow, A renewed request that part-time or Administration Building are now occu- Kv. "Silver Roll" service be credited toward pied by the Community Services William C. Smith, Kentucky; Control U. S.-rate housing assignments; and an Director. The Real Estate Unit has House Supervisor, Atlantic Locks; 30 been transferred from Diablo Heights years, 2 months, 22 days; Miami, Fla. estimate that 100 to 150 employees would to the third floor of the Administration Frank Turman, Connecticut; Plumb- be affected by this change; the Personnel Building. The Survey Branch is now ing Inspector, Contract and Inspection Director will undertake a study; located in the former Diablo Heights Division; 12 years, 10 months, 9 days; Quarters maintenance, to be reported Fire Station. Lorain, Ohio. at August conference; Reduction of hours and cooked food service at the Gamboa Clubhouse, now Principal commodities shipped through the contemplated instead of closing the club- Canal house as originally proposed; this will be (All figures in thousands of long tons) discussed further by the Lieutenant Figures in parentheses in 1938 and 1952 columns indicate Governor with a delegation from Gamboa; relative positions in those years Parking at the Balboa office, post ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC where the number of parking spaces was recently curtailed; accidents in this area Fiscal Year have dropped sharply; the administration Commodity 1953 1952 1938 feels return to angle parking would be a step backward; Mineral oils 4,936 3,704 (1) 907 (3). Coal and coke 2,996 Anniversary Stickers 2,061 (2) 137(15) Manufactures of iron and steel 1,501 1,635 (3) 1,859 (1) A protest that residents of New Cris- Sugar 780 476 (5) 57 (31) Soy beans and products 475 tobal have to buy Panamanian 50th 181 (16) Phosphates 433 777 (4) 328 (6) anniversary stickers before their cars can Sulphur 387 309 (9) 297 (7) be given the required semi-annual inspec- Paper and paper products 354 453 (6) 423 (5) tion; the Lieutenant Governor as matter Cement 325 296 (10) 154(11) Barley 305 (*) (*) of priority is investigating legality and Machinery 300 312 (8) 168 (10) possible relief; Automobiles 266 345 (7) 208 (9) New regulations on commutation of Rice 257 243 (13) leave pay when an employee resigns or Tinplate 229 246 (12) 238 (8) Raw cotton 207 271 retires (covered elsewhere in this issue); (11) 142 (13) All others 3,578 3,820 4,771 And a general round-table discussion, with a basic explanation by Colonel Pax- Total 17,329 15,129 9,689 son, of Company-Government financing.

New Representatives (*) Included with miscellaneous grains in 1952 and 1938. Attending the July conference were: PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC Col. H. 0. Paxson, Acting Governor; F. G. Dunsmoor, Administrative Assist- Fiscal Year ant to the Governor; E. A. Doolan, Commoditv 1953 1952 1938 Personnel Director; Norman Johnson, Relations Labor Counsellor; Mr. Dono- Ores, various 3,472 3,574 (1) 2,127 (3) van, Community Services Director, and Lumber 3,307 3,466 (2) 2,851 (2) Wheat Mr. Cassell, of the Housing Division; 2,228 2.105 (3) 706 (7) Canned food products 1,317 1,127 (5) 991 Sherman Brooks, the Rev. Raymond A. (6) Nitrate 1,222 1,239 (4) 1,401 (5) Gray, Jr., Sam Roe, Carl Nix, and Elmer Sugar 1,104 955 (6) 1,487 (4) Powell, all from Civic Councils; Chester Metals, various 822 659 (8) 698 (8) Bananas 790 Luhr, Pacific Locks Employees; H. C. 758 (7) 53 (29) Refrigerated food products (ex Simpson, Marine Engineers; Robert Dan- cept fresh fruit) 653 612 (9) 335 (10) iel, Railroad Conductors; F. L. Wertz, Mineral oils 326 481 (10) 2,875 (1) Railroad Engineers; for the Central Labor Coffee. 255 280(14) 175 (16) Wool 246 227 Union and its affiliates: Walter Wagner, (12) 123 !21) Copra 241 277 (13) 164 (18) E. J. Husted, Rufus Lovelady, Carl F. Iron and steel manufactures 233 288 (11) 13 (*) Maedl, P. J. Boukalis, Sam Garriel, Dried fruit 195 144 :i7) 291 (12) Henry Chenevert; Mrs. H. T. Longmore, All others... 2,355 2,290 3,407 Citizens' Association; Captain Fred M. Total 18,766 18,482 17,697 Weade, Pilots (both of the latter organi- zations represented for the first time). 20 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW August 7, 1953

J = PICTURES OF THE MONTH <*>===fc x «2 W^^mNJ^=< • w% ©=-,*ss CO==^

Zo Ol^==:n ©^2== ^^^

"

JULY brought a number of new

"firsts" to the Canal Zone— first occasions or first visits. Shirley Million, Governor of Girls' State, said goodbye to Acting Governor

H. 0. Paxson just before she left on her first visit to Girls' Nation in Washington. Hundreds of midshipmen, on summer cruises from Annapolis or Naval ROTC units in States colleges, made their first trips to the Panama Canal locks. Under Secretary of the Army Earl D. Johnson, new chairman of the Panama

Canal Company, took his first look at the controls which operate the locks, and

Pete, pet of the piers, was first in line when dog licensing and inoculation of Canal Zone dogs against rabies began here.