95f-[-;i/*C*} .HE Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum

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Vol. 6, No. 10 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE MAY 4, 1956 5 cents

CANAL EMPLOYEES ARE EXTREMELY COMPETENT AND COOPERATIVE GROUP SAYS GOVERNOR SEYBOLD

Superior Award Winners Chief Executive And (See story on new Incentive awards on Page 4) Wife To Say Farewell

To Canal Zone May 19

"I am sincerely proud to have been associated with the employees of the Pan- ama Canal organization." This quotation succinctly phrases the sentiments expressed by Governor John States Seybold in a special farewell mes- sage to Canal employees on the eve of the completion of his four-year term as the administrative head of the Panama Canal Company and Canal Zone Gov- ernment. The Governor's term of office has covered a critical four-year period in the 52-year-old enterprise of the United States Government. A brief review of this eventful period and his administra-

tion is carried on pages 10 and 11 of this issue of The Panama Canal Review. Expressing his admiration for the com- petence and cooperativeness of employees in the organization, Governor Seybold issued the following message to them: "I should like to note briefly but sin- cerely my high regard for the employees of the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government. The transition reorganization a SEVEN COMPANY-GOVERNMENT employees were the first to receive Superior Award citations period since the has been under the new extension of the Incentive Awards program approved last month and announced in trying one for them. Such actions as the this issue of The Review. Six of the employees so honored for excellent work are shown above. Left extension of the income tax and the increase to right, they are: Richard B. Potter, Electrical Division; Ellis F. Fawcett, Schools Division; Mrs. in housing rents and other changes in poli- Faye C. Minton, Engineering and Construction Bureau; Leon M. Warren, Engineering Division; Lee Kariger, Locks Division; and T. C. Tavares, Schools Division. The seventh, William G. Mum- cies have, in varying degrees, affected their maw, of the Maintenance Division, was away from the Isthmus when this picture was taken. pocketbooks and their morale. "Nevertheless, they have as a group given the Canal enterprise their conscien- Governor Believes Sea-Level Waterway Plan tious help and loyal support at all times. They have retained a well-deserved pride in Is Inevitable In Solution Of Canal Problem being an essential part of an enterprise which is in the nature of a public utility Four years of supervising the opera- he appeared for the last time as President serving world commerce and which has a tions of the Panama Canal and observing of the Company. world-wide reputation not only for efficiency its operational problems have convinced He will speak on this subject next to users the Canal. but J or hospitality all of Gov. John S. Seybold that conversion of Monday night at a meeting of the Pan- "In my opinion, the personnel of the the Canal to a sea-level waterway is ama Section of the American Society of Canal agencies represent a selected group the Tivoli "both feasible and desirable and, in fact, Civil Engineers to be held at of extremely competent and cooperative em- inevitable." Guest House. He expects at that time ployees. It is they who in large part make He believes that the project should be to reiterate his views on the subject and the Canal enterprise so successful and the urged from the standpoint of future re- discuss in some detail the problems in- Canal Zone a congenial place to live and quirements of commercial traffic and volved and the major features of the 1947 work. national defense. Governor Seybold has proposal. "I am sincerely proud to have been asso- reviewed the report and recommendations Studies Of Canal Improvements ciated with them." developed by the Isthmian Canal Studies Although he considers a sea-level water- Governor and Mrs. Seybold plan to of 1947 and believes that the proposal is way the inevitable solution to the Isth- sail for the States Saturday, May 19, still sound and rational. mian canal problem, the Governor told aboard the Panama liner Ancon. Their The Governor expressed his opinion on the Board of Directors that the Canal plans for the immediate future call for the desirability of a sea-level canal at the Company should continue to press stud- an extensive tour of Europe. «*•» April meeting of the Board of Directors ies of possible improvements in the water- High t~'' to both has been paid ' ' *-* ' «;*-- • (Set of the Panama Canal Comp?~" ' Mncre? (s?e mgr several rivate y 2 1

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956

Latin American Schools

Will Reopen Next Week;

Plan Pacific High Move

School days will begin again next Monday for over 3,700 boys and girls in the Canal Zone local-rate communities. The opening date of this year's school

session, May 7, is the earliest during the calendar year for many years. It has been advanced gradually for the past two years until the Latin American schools are now operating on approximately the same schedule as those of the Republic of Panama. Schools will close February

6, 1957. School officials, who have had an un- canny ability in past years to anticipate enrollment, estimate that 3,759 students will be enrolled in kindergarten through Grade 12. The figure is about 140 less than the enrollment when the Latin American schools closed for the dry season vacation in March. Opening day enroll- TWO MONTHS BEFORE the Canal was opened to commercial traffic Gaillard Cut looked like this with dredges digging away at Cucaracha Slide in the distance. Contractors Hill, now a stairway, is ment last year was 4,042. The enrollment framed by the steam shovel working in the foreground. Those on the Honor Roll well remember loss of figure dropped to 3,895—a 148 such scenes as this during the days when they were first employed. students by the end of the school year. Several changes will be made as the Today marks the 52d anniversary of time, it is doubtful if half of the popula- school year progresses in the locations the formal beginning of the Panama tion of the United States would have where the students will attend classes. Canal enterprise under the United States expressed confidence of its completion. The principal change will be the transfer Government. During that 10-year period, tens of of the Pacific side high school from La Formal transfer of the French Canal thousands of Americans left their homes Boca to Paraiso toward the end of May Company rights and properties took place and came to the tropics to help in the when the new high school building at May 4, 1904, in the building on Cathedral job. While many were out-and-out ad- Paraiso is scheduled for completion. Plaza which now houses the Panama venturers seeking new fields, thousands New Paraiso High School Post Office. For an event of such strik- came to stay and see the job done. Of When the high school pupils move to ing historical significance it was prac- the latter group, several thousands the new building at Paraiso, the La tically devoid of pomp and ceremony. remained in service to operate the Canal. Acting in behalf of the United States Boca elementary and junior high school Construction Ranks Dwindle building will be vacated and students Government was a young officer of the Of those who had a part in building from that building will move a few U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lt. the the Canal and today can boast that they hundred feet into the more modern La Mark Brooke; he was designated for were employed during the construction Boca high school building. task in the absence of his commanding period, only 12 are still in service. The Next Monday, however, Pacific side officer. What ceremony there was con- sisted chiefly of Lieutenant Brooke's ranks have dwindled fast in recent years. Latin American high school students will signing and delivering to the French Ten years ago there were about 400 in begin their classes in the La Boca build- Canal Company official a $40,000,000 service. There were 106 names on the ing where they attended school last year. receipt, followed by the raising of the honor roll when the list was first pub- By communities, the following facilities United States flag over the building which lished in The Panama Canal Review in will be offered for Latin American stud- the Company's headquarters. May 1950. The last woman's name on ents: was then The simple ceremony started a 10-year the list was stricken from the roll last La Boca: Kindergarten through ninth period of feverish activity in digging a December when Mrs. Lea K. Dugan grade students will attend school in the ship canal to join the Atlantic and Pacific retired from service. elementary school building, and high Oceans. The task was a formidable one As it has for the past six years, on the school students will begin their school even for a nation the size of the United anniversary of the beginning of the work year in the high school building. States. a vote at that in May, The Review pays honor to all Paraiso: Kindergarten through ninth Had been taken those who participated in building the grade students will attend school in the grades will continue to be in Spanish. Panama Canal. And, as it has since it same buildings used last year. The major change will be the introduc- was first published, it pays special tribute Santa Cruz: Kindergarten through tion of classes in English reading for to those remaining in service by the eighth grade students will be accommo- third graders. These children have been publication of their names. dated in Santa Cruz this year. Ninth entirely in since they taught Spanish Below is the Honor Roll as it stands grade students will go to La Boca. began school, and will now begin the today. Holders of the famous Roosevelt Chagres: Grades one through six will process of becoming bilingual with the Medals, indicating two or more years of be taught in the two-room Chagres addition of the English reading classes. continuous service the school. during construc- Temistocles Cespedes, who retired re- tion period are indicated by an asterisk, Rainbow City: Kindergartners through cently as Chief of the Panama Schools' and the names of those with continous sixth graders will attend school in the Technical Service Section, will continue service are shown in capital letters. elementary school building and Junior to serve as a consultant for the Canal and Senior high school students will have Adrien M. Bouche* - July 2, 1909 Zone's Latin American schools. their classes in the high school building. GEORGE N. ENGELKE*—Sept. 5, 1911 A number of new textbooks in Spanish The junior high school classes will occupy Bernard W. Mclntyre*—Sept. 28, 191 are to be usxl this year in the schools, the new wing of the high school building Gregor Gramlich*- Oct. 14, 1911 and additions have been made to the which was built about two years ago Samuel J. Deavours Mar. 1, 191 school libraries. The textbooks are pub- and last year was used for elementary Thomas J. Breheny Nov. 1, 1912 lished in Mexico, Chile, Cuba, and Ar- school classes. George C. Orr —Dec. 5, 1912 gentina; Spanish dictionaries which will ARTHUR MORGAN—Dec. 16, 1912 All-Spanish Teaching Continues be used are published in France. David W. Ellis — June 11, 1913 The curriculum for the American Physical Changes Listed t Latin Edward P. Walsh — July 1, 1913 fiools will remain substantially the same The major physical change in the EMMETT ZEMER— July io, 1913 that of last yeaj\_J2Mitog in all school plant this year will (.sve page 9) William V. Brugge- Dec. 17, 1913 May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW Panama Liners Will Be Crowded SWIMMING CHAMPS By Vacationers In Next Few Weeks

With school vacation figuratively at will have an even more absorbing study the finger tips of several thousand Canal when they return from free home leave Zone children, the study of travel folders travel. This will be the subject of home and road maps has become almost as leave travel vouchers which baffle about much a must in many Zone households nine out of ten employees. as cramming for final exams. This will be made easier this year by The vacation and travel season has the appointment of one or more employ- already opened with great promise and ees in each Canal unit to assist in the the last two Panama Line ships sailing preparation of travel vouchers, which in April left Cristobal with nearly all are required to be submitted within 30 passenger accommodations taken. days after an employee returns to duty. While most of the travel by Panama This service was announced last month Canal employees and their families until in a memorandum issued by the Gover- the close of school will be by those with- nor's Office to all Bureau Directors. out children of school age, all Panama Those employees designated to assist Line ships northbound have already been in the preparation of travel vouchers will fully booked for sailings up through June be given special instructions by arrange- 16. There were still a few available ments through the Office of the Comp- spaces on the SS Ancon, sailing for New troller which will also furnish the names York on June 23, at the time this issue of employees in each unit who fail to of The Review was closed. submit vouchers. The number of em- In addition to those employees plan- ployees to be appointed in each Bureau ning to travel by Panama Line, a large will depend upon the size of the organi- number of others will use plane travel or zation and the location of the various will go by other shipping lines to New administrative offices.

Orleans and west coast ports. With respect to vacation travel, em- OUTSTANDING among Canal Zone swimmers is Employees taking advantage of free ployees have been urged to forward this pair above. They hold the Grieser Trophies, named for home leave travel may go by ship or their requests for leave and travel as far Henry Grieser who coached the famed Red, White, and Blue Troupe for many years. plane. For the information of those in advance as possible. Applications for Robert Connor, 17, is a senior at Balboa High planning to travel by ship, the following travel on the Panama Line are received School and plans to attend the University of Okla- is quoted from the Home Leave Travel as much as 90 days in advance for homa next year. He holds Canal Zone and inter- Regulations: northbound bookings. Because of the scholastic records for freestyle swimming. His older brother, Donald, was also a crack swimmer here "Ocean transportation will be via the heavy bookings already for northbound several years ago. Line, unless the allowable cost sailings in Panama May and June, many em- Although Grace Argo is only 15 and a sophomore of travel will be less by utilizing other ployees may be delayed in their vacation at Cristobal High School, she has set a fine swimming available ocean routing. The cost of plans by not having taken advantage record. Her specialty also is freestyle. She wilt vaca- tion with her family this summer in Hawaii. transportation on the Panama Line will of this 90-day rule. be based on the administratively deter- The Transportation Section has pointed mined cost in effect at the date of the out that normally it is not necessary for school age will be given priority in assign- employee's departure." an employee to follow-up on the receipt ments are those of May 26, and June 2, The "administratively determined of his application in that section. The 16, and 23. cost" for home leave travel on the Pan- Transportation Section will contact the The Panama Line ship sailing from ama Line is established by the Office of employee about 30 days before the sched- New York southbound on August 30 the Comptroller General, the full one- uled departure date in connection with rout- will be the "teachers' special" this year. way fare this year being established at ing and other details of free leave travel. Sailings southbound on August 16 and $170. The "teachers' special" this year for 23 and September 6 and 13 are the end While the study of road maps and the northbound trip will be the Ancon, of vacation sailings on which there will travel booklets is presently an engrossing sailing June 9. The northbound sailings be priorities in assignment for employees subject in many households, employees on which employees with children of with children of school age.

36 BALBOA SENIOR STUDENTS NAMED ON 1956 HONOR ROLL

GIRLS are smarter than boys—at any rate, they outnumber the boys almost Janet Stockham, Mary Jo Euper, Alba Martinez, Rose Bricefio, Shirley Ran- two to one among Balboa High School's honor students. Commencement som, Pat Hattler, Margaret Cleve, Etilvia Arjona, Ellen Bathman, Pat Allen, speakers will be chosen from this group. Rose McGarr, and Mary Curtis. Back row: Jack Perantie, Steve Laidlaw. Left to right in the bottom row, they are: Judy Crosby, Frances Brandl, Tim Hotz, Enrique Ho, Mike Witkin, Ed Scott, Jim Reece, Ed Kirchmier, Peggy Donovan, Martha Hackett, Becky Esser, Diane Staples, Shirley Harned, Jay Clemmons, Allen Lowrie, Dan Eggleston, Milton Rodriguez, and William Diane Hannigan, Allison Health, Beth Little, and Janeth Vinton. Center row: Lewis. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956 ^1 Canal Employees To Get Special Awards

Two new types of honorary awards in Three Women Employees Win recognition of superior employee perform- Highest Performance Rating ance have been made a part of the \ Company-Government Incentive Awards program with the first awards being made under the expanded program last month. An announcement of these awards and

their recipients is carried in this issue of The Panama Canal Review.

The new plan is in line with that fol- lowed in other Government agencies and was developed by the Incentive Awards Committee and given final approval by Governor John S. Seybold last month. The two new awards for which citations signed by the Governor will be presented are for Distinguished Service and Super- ior Service. This recognition for exceptional per- formance by employees may be given with or without monetary rewards, de- pending upon the type of service per- formed. It is also separate and apart from the performance ratings which are made on a yearly basis and are required for all employees. Under the latter, an employee may win an "Outstanding" rating for performance over a full-year period.

All recommendations for outstanding performance rating as well as teeommend- ation for honorary awards under the Incentive Awards Program are subject to review by the Incentive Awards Commit- RATINGS were won by Mrs. Marcia H. Van Home, Mrs. OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE tee and final approval by the Governor. Beatrice Lee, and Miss Mary Maguire, left to right above. This was the first time that more than Members of the committee are John D. one employee has won this rating in any one year, and it was the first time any woman employee achieved the honor by their work over a full-year period. Hollen, Chief of the Executive Planning Staff, Chairman; L. M. Brockman, Pro- Three women employees of the Canal lation also provides that: "An outstand- grams Coordinator, Secretary; Capt. organization received Outstanding Per- ing rating must be supported by a writ- Frank A. Munroe, Jr., Marine Director; formance ratings for the year ending in ten statement from the rating official and Col. Hugh M. Arnold, Engineering March and last month were presented setting forth in detail the performance in and Construction Director. certificates by the Governor for their every respect, based on the performance The following briefly describes the two achievement. standards, and the reasons for consider- new awards under the Incentive Awards This was the first time since the new ing each aspect of performance outstand- Program: performance rating system for Federal ing and worthy of special consideration." Distinguished Service Government employees was adopted The Outstanding rating is separate The Distinguished Service Award, the several years ago that more than one from the Distinguished and Superior highest of the two honorary awards, will employee had received the highest pos- Service awards which have been made a rank with the Distinguished Civilian sible rating in any one year. Only two part of the Incentive Awards program Service Award given by the military other employees have ever received the and which are announced for the first time services. It will be given on the basis of Outstanding rating before. These were in this issue of The Review. The per- an employee's achievements, accomplish- Paul W. Morgan, Supervisory Medical formance rating is based on an employ- ments, or performance of duties unan- X-ray technician at Gorgas Hospital, ee's work for an entire year. The Dis- imously recognized as who was given the rating two years ago, tinguished Service award may be made being clearly exceptional by all of his supervisors in and Harold I. Perantie, Chief of the for an individual act or exceptional serv- the chain of supervisory authoiity Administrative Branch, who was given ice, and the Superior Service award may and by the Incentive Awards Committee. an Outstanding rating last year. be given to an employee for superior per- The three employees to receive the formance of duties for a minimum pjriod To qualify for this award an employee rating for the performance of their jobs of six months. must have accomplished his assigned during the last yearly rating period were: Marcia H. Van Home, Secretary to the Health Director. Beatrice E. Lee, Passenger Traffic Clerk- in the Administrative Branch. Mary F. Maguire, Secretary to the Governor- President. Not only was this the first time that more than one employee has won the Outstanding rating in one year, it was the first time that a woman employee has received the highest performance rating possible.

How Rating Is Won The present system of performance rating for Government employees pro- vides for one of three ratings—unsatis- factory, satisfactory, and outstanding. For the latter, an employee must per- in superior form all duties assigned a INCENTIVE AWARD suggestions are reviewed by this Board. Left to right are: Col. Hugh M. manner throughout the year. The regu- Arnold, John D. Hollen, chairman, Leonard M. Brockman, secretary, and Capt. Frank A. Munroe. Jr. May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

duties in such a manner as to have been Citations Given Eight Employees clearly exceptional among all who have done similar work; should have made In Incentive Award Program some original development or major im- provement or have changed methods, procedures, or products so that the changes were extraordinarily beneficial to the Canal organization; should have per- formed some special service in the public interest but related to his employment over and above his position requirements; or should have demonstrated outstanding courage and voluntarily risked his per- sonal safety in the face of danger.

Superior Service

While not so high as the Distinguished Award, the Superior Service Award will

still call for a high level of employee per- formance. It will require an employee to

perform his work in a fashion which is superior to normal work requirements. In general it will be limited to the perfor- % mance of regularly required duties and will not cover the outstanding features covered by the Distinguished Service. An employee whose performance of one particular phase of his duties is recognized as clearly superior to normal requirements and expectations may be granted the Superior Service Award, whereas clearly superior performance in all phases of his assigned duties would be necessary to justify the awarding of the outstanding rating under the annual personnel review- program. The superior service award may also be granted for sustained superior THE HIGHEST AWARD possible for a Canal employee to win was presented late last month by performance on a special task or assign- Governor Seybold to Livingstone Reece for his part in saving the life of a five-year-old boy. ment throughout a period of six months, whereas the outstanding rating requires A Distinguished Service award and Mr. Fawcett, long a leader in civic performance throughout the full year cov- seven Superior Service awards were ap- affairs in the Canal Zone communities, ei ed by the personnel ratings. proved late last month by Gov. John S. received a Superior Service award for his The new plan has the approval and Seybold following an extension of the outstanding work as head of the Paraiso backing of President Eisenhower and the Incentive Awards program to provide School for related work. U. S. Civil Service Commission. Last fall and President Eisenhower called for a pro- recognition of unusual or exceptional Mr. Kariger was honored for his out- gram which would bring increased re- performance. standing work during the Atlantic Locks wards for constructive ideas and recog- The Distinguished Service award was overhaul this year. He was recommended nition of superior performance in the won by Livingston Reece, of La Boca, for the citation on his handling of this Federal service. who is employed in the Armature Repair major project with respect to additional In line with the President's request Shop of the Electrical Division in Balboa. duties assigned over a period of eight and the Civil Service Commission's pro- His citation was personally presented by months. gram, "emphasis in the Panama Canal Governor Seybold. Mrs. Minton, the only woman em- Company-Canal Zone Government's In- One woman employee was among the ployee to be honored by a citation under centive Awards Program will be placed seven who were presented Superior Service the new program, received her award for this year on the encouragement and rec- citations by the Governor last month. exceptional performance of duty which ognition of superior performances at all The seven to receive this award were: was described by the Incentive Awards levels," Mr. Hollen, Chairman of the Ellis F. Fawcett, Principal of Paraiso Committee as surpassing the require- Incentive Awards Committee, told The School. ments of position. Review. her Lee Kariger, Administrative Program Expanded Assistant in Mr. Potter was recommended for the the Locks Division. special honor because of his excellent "In the past," he said, "the Incentive Mrs. Faye C. Minton, Administrative work in assisting the Plant Inventory Awards Program has been restricted to Assistant in the Engineering and Con- and Appraisal program on which he was recognition and rewards for individual struction Bureau. assigned special work for his Division. actions resulting in savings to the Com- William G. Mummaw, Lead Foreman in Mr. Mummaw, a veteran pany-Government, community improve- employee in the Maintenance Division. the Maintenance Division, was ments, or improvements in working con- awarded Richard B. Potter, Technical Assistant, ditions. a citation for his contribution to the suc- EUctrical Division. "This program will continue to be cess of the Preventive Maintenance pushed to the limit, but in addition, under T. C. Tavares, Janitor at Balboa High Teams. the Incentive Awards Program as imple- School. Mr. Tavares won his citation for the mented by the Civil Service Commission, Leon M. Warren, Architectural Engineer, superior manner in which he performed greater emphasis will be placed on recog- Engineering Division. his duties. He was recommended for the nition of superior employee performance The Distinguished Service award was award by the Director of Secondary Edu- in carrying out the responsibilities and presented to Mr. Reece for his part in cation and the recommendation had the duties of the various positions throughout saving the life of Jesus M. Carlo, a five- endorsement of the Superintendent of the organization. year-old Panamanian boy, at Hideaway Schools. "The United States Government, from Beach on February 22. He rescued the Mr. Warren was awarded the Superior the President down," Mr. Hollen added, young child after seeing him swept into Service citation for his work in engineer- "has recognized the fact that many gov- the water from a rock offshore. After ing estimates prepared in connection with ernment employees who are doing much bringing him to the beach, he applied the annual inspection of public buildings more than is normally expected of them artificial respiration. The child was and installations which was centralized have not received full recognition for breathing faintly by the time other medi- for the first time this year in the Engi- meritorious work." cal aid was received. neering and Construction Bureau. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW MAY 4, 1956

FOR YOUR INTERESTED GUIDANCE IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION !£ 3

THAT'S NOT ALL ON THE HOME FRONT every person who supports the cause of safe driving. The average adult of 35 You hoar a lot of talk these days about What are you doing to help your child has some 18,406,600 minutes to live. 'lifting with the legs instead of the back," to safety? Every time he takes a chance to save a and that's fine, as far as it goes. But, Do you make safety a cooperative minute he wagers all his remaining years. there's more to it. Lifting with your legs understanding in your family? Remember . . . when you gamble on instead of your back won't guarantee Do you have your child examined the highway, you bet your life! that you won't be injured. periodically by a doctor? You've got to be aware of the hazards Do you help your child to develop con- of slivers, nails, wire, and jagged or sharp fidence in himself? EVER NOTICE? Knowing that children are great imi- edges, too. Nothing is so upsetting to a woman sure-footed, sure- tators, do you practice safety yourself at You need to be than to have company drop in to see steady in movement. Don't all times? handed, and the house looking as it usually does. sufficient tii' yourself into knots with twisting or Do you give your child develop sound muscular jerky motions. opportunity to GETTING THE WEAR OUT OF shoes And remember to wear safety control? SAFETY SHOES and hand protection. Do you help your child to learn the correct and, therefore, the safe way of Keeping shoes clean adds to their life SAFE DRIVING THOUGHT doing things? as well as to their appearance. After

- made an inspection of your wearing, muddy shoes should be cleaned A car can help you to see the world Have you home recently to discover hazards, and with mild soap suds and wiped dry, if hut it's up to you to decide which steps to make your home possible. world. have you taken as safe as possible? Shoes of elk, retan, or similar leather can be preserved and made more water- HONOR ROLL Knowledge, they say, is what you repellant by treating with animal or vege- Bureau Award For learn from others. Wisdom, is what table oils or shoe compounds once a week you teach yourself. or oftener. BEST RECORD You need both to live safelyl Shoes of smooth grain upper leather MARCH should be cleaned with saddle soap and UNFAVORABLE ODDS polished with a high-grade shoe polish. SUPPLY AND EMPLOYEE SERVICE If you had $18,000,000, would you bet When shoes become wet from perspir- BUREAU your vast fortune against one dollar that ation or from outside moisture, they HEALTH BUREAU you could toss a ball into the air and should be dried away from any heat. When drying, shoes should be placed on CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU catch it as it falls? Of course you wouldn't. The odds are ventilated shoe trees to keep their shape. the risk. Maybe If shoe trees are not available, the shoes AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR all out of proportion to you feel that no one in his right mind can be sutffed with crumbled newspaper. 2 Civil Affairs.. Leather can be made water repellent Health 2 would take such a chance. If so, you're use of silicon dressing. Supply and Employee Service 1 wrong. Thousands of apparently sane by Transportation and Terminals 1 drivers - not once, but many times each Engineering and Construction day take chances in the face of these In using a leverage tool, be sure you Marine odds. Only they wager years against use the proper tool for the job, be sure minutes. of firm footing and secure grip, and Division Award For And it's in this fact that we find one guard against a sudden slip or let-down NO DISABLING INJURIES of the most convincing arguments for of the load. 1ARCH

COMMISSARY DIVISION Disabling Injuries per 1,000,000 Man-Hours Worked NAVIGATION DIVISION MARCH 1956 (Frequency Rale) HOSPITALIZATION AND CLINICS O 10 20 30 MAINTENANCE DIVISION Supply and Employee Service Bureau SERVICE CENTER DIVISION HOUSING AND GROUNDS DIVISION Health Bureau INDUSTRIAL DIVISION Civil Affairs Bureau ELECTRICAL DIVISION

MOTOR TRANSPORTATION DIVISION C. Z. Covl.-Panama Canal Co. (This Monlh) STOREHOUSES DIVISION AIDS TO NAVIGATION Marine Bureau SANITATION DIVISION Engineering and Construction Bureau

AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR Transportation and Terminals Bureau Aids to Navigation 3 Motor Transportation 3 C. Z. Govl.-Panama Canal Co. ( Last 3-Year Av.) Sanitation 3 Service Center 3 Storehouses 3 10 20 30 Commissary 2 Electrical 2 Number of Disabling Injuries 6 Man-Hours Worked 2,433,166 Hospitalization and Clinics 2 Industrial 2 LEGEND Maintenance 2 Company Last 3- Year Average Navigation 2 Amount Better Than Canal Zone Government—Panama Canal Railroad -. 2 Dredgi ng 1 Amount Worse Than Canal Zone Government—Panama Canal Company Last 3-Year Average Housing and Grounds 1 Terminals 1 Accumulative Frequency Rate This Year Locks May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

-Ue-L, fflt-L-afal OF CURRENT INTEREST

Official Panama Canal Company Publication Published Monthly At BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE

Printed by the Printing Plant Mount Hope, Canal Zone

John S. Seybold, Governor-President

H. W. Schull, Jr. Lieutenant Governor

William G. Arey, Jr. Public Information Officer

J. Rufus Hardy, Editor Eleanor H. McIlhenny Assistant Editor

SUBSCRIPTION—$1.00 a year SINGLE COPIES—5 cents each

On sale at al! Panama Canal Service Cen- ters, Commissaries, and Hotels for 10 days after publication date.

SINGLE COPIES BY MAIL— 10 cents each

BACK COPIES— 10 cents each HONOR STUDENTS OF the Cristobal Senior Class this year are shown above. Left to right, are: On sale, when available, from the Vault Carolyn Jones, James Ambrose, Sally Morland, Allen Robinette, Margaret Leigh, Felipe Garcia, Edith Ann Eckhoff, Sue Pincus, Robert MacSparran, Rupert Chin, and Mary Jo Aycock. Clerk, Third Floor, Administration Building, Balboa Heights. The announcement made recently by the the larger Commissaries. Customers will Canal Zone Health Bureau that during then be able to buy their favorite blend of Postal money orders should be made pay- March, for the first time in its 52-year whole bean coffee packaged in one-pound or able to the Treasurer, Panama Canal Com- history, a full month had passed without a half-pound sacks, pour it into the machine, single case of malaria being reported among turn a dial to the preferred grind and, pany, and mailed to Editor, The Panama employees in the Canal Zone organization, presto, a sack of freshly ground coffee. If Canal Review, Balboa Heights, C. Z. military personnel, or other residents of the the method proves a success, coffee grinders Canal Zone, attracted wide attention. may be installed in the grocery sections of In an editorial, The New York Times other Commissary retail stores. Leaves Service called it a victory of the first order and although not the end of the war a sign that Rainbow City is one of the cleanest towns this hard war can be won. The editorial in the Canal Zone these days. Fences have said that the conquest of malaria means been repaired and painted; debris has dis- devotion, and the endless repeti- drudgery, appeared; gardens have been weeded; tion of the same tasks. shrubbery has been pruned; and the resi- Meanwhile the Health Bureau has issued dents under the sponsorship of the Rainbow its annual warning that with the advent of City Civic Council have adopted the motto: the rainy season, the danger of contracting "Every Day A Clean-up Day." malaria becomes more acute and that all The campaign, which made Rainbow City the basic precautions should be taken. a model for other Canal Zone communities, Malaria has not been eradicated yet, was started March 3 and continued for four health officials warned. It can strike at any days. The town was divided into five sec- time of the year and its control is a matter tions and during the campaign, residents of constant vigilance on the part of all working with the Civic Council, the Inter- residents as well as Health authorities. national Boy and Girl Scouts, the Army Mothers, community clergy, and the Hous- ing Division, cleared A total of 50 U. S.-rate student assistant away approximately positions have been authorized this year 100 cubic yards of debris. for allocation on the basis of bureau justi- fication for the coming school vacation A new item on the Commissary shelves months from June 6 through September 7, this month is reconstituted milk, put up in it has been announced by the Personnel quart bottles for sale at 15 cents a quart. Bureau. The milk, the Commissary Division an- These positions can be filled by Canal nounced, has the same properties as fresh Zone high school students or junior college dairy milk and has the endorsement of the students of 16 years of age or over who Health Bureau as a nourishing and whole- meet the general qualifications for U. S.- some product recommended for inclusion in rate employment in the Company-Govern- the daily diet of children and adults. The ment organization. As in the past, the jobs milk is available for home delivery as well also will offer training opportunities for as retail in the Commissary stores. The later TWENTY-FIVE years of Canal service—all in those who may obtain positions simi- price of 15 cents per quart will be exclusive held during personnel work—came to an end this month for lar to those the vacation period. of the regular deposit on the bottle. A. L. Wright, well known to those who have had Students who apply for jobs must register dealings at Building 69 on Roosevelt Avenue in at Employment and Utilization Division the Atlantic side residents will have a chance Balboa. Mr. Wright left the Isthmus recently and, of Personnel Bureau on Roosevelt the Ave- this month to enter a bid for surplus furni- for the time being, plans to live in Europe. Balboa or at the Cristobal nue in Central ture, miscellaneous household items, and A native of Georgia, he worked for the United Labor office. Selections will not be made other articles to be auctioned off May 25 Fruit Company in Guatemala and Costa Rica before until applications have been the screened, and 26 in the Cristobal Storehouse by the in 1929 as Office Manager he came to the Isthmus qualified, and referred to the employing Division of Storehouses. for Pan-American Airways in Cristobal. bureau. To make it more convenient for prospec- He joined the Personnel Bureau of the Canal Personnel Bureau has The asked that the customers, the Storehouses will try a organization May 12, 1931. During the construc- only those students who expect to remain sjstem of putting various lots up for sale tion period just before World War II and the war during the entire on the Isthmus summer witnin a specific time pe iod. The time years he wa? assigned to what was known as the vacition apply for these positions. schedule is printed in the auction bulletins Silver Control Section, which handled the thousands which were posted on public bulletin boards of contract laborers brought from Central and South this week. Amarioa and the West Indies to work in the Canal There will be a new deal for Commissary Zone. In 1954 he was promoted to Chief of the coffee customers soon if the coffee grinding The sale will start at 6:30 p. m. Friday recently Ceatral Labor Offics Division. Last fall, when the midline purchased by the Com- night, May 25, and will continue until 175 Personnel Bureau was reorganized, he became Assist- missary Division proves a success. The lots are sold. It will reopen Saturday morn- ant to the Chief of the Employment and Utilization machine is designed for individual use and ing at 8:30 a. m. and continue until all Division. will be set up on a trial basis in one of articles are sold. 9 1

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956

of them. It is only fair to say, here, One And Only Official Photographer that he warned those who seemed really sick to come back later for more profes- sional care. Leads Harried Existence On His Job Serving as official photographer has not all been as entertaining as that. He has waded through hip-deep mud to get a picture, waited for hours in the rain for another. He has crash-landed in a plane in the Darien, gotten pneumonia taking jungle pictures at night during the war, been attacked by owls in his old studio at Balboa Heights -and has come out of most of his adventures unscathed. The quality of his pictures is considered, by experts, to be excellent and he seldom misses a shot. Like all photographers, he has his jinxes and there are some places and some people he dislikes to photograph, because something invari- ably goes wrong with the camera or film. Minnesota- Born Born in Faribault, Minnesota, Mr. LaClair has been working with cameras for over 30 years. In the mid 1920's, he was assistant sales manager for the Buzza Greeting Card Company in Min- neapolis. A camera salesman visited the office, walked out with $800 worth of orders in his pocket, and the assistant sales manager found that he was the company's official photographer, too. CLYDE S. LAOLAIR Taking pictures provided an interesting Photographer has photographed the Locks from practically every angle. The Canal's Official new angle to his job and gave him a remunerative sideline to replace the As the one and only official photo- overhaul to an air view of some specific prestidigitation with which he had been grapher for the Canal organization, Clyde building. Back on the ground again, he amusing audiences professionally for S. LaClair is well qualified, the second in may return to the locks to take detailed years. In recent years he has abandoned this new Review feature thumbnail pictures of some particular process and his magic entirely. sketches of the men and women who hold may grind out a few movies while he's at His current hobby is painting, done to "singleton" jobs in the Canal Zone. His it— all for study and record. the accompaniment of a record player work brings him into contact with, prob- Back at his office at Diablo Heights, turned on at full volume. Mrs. La Clair, ably, a greater variety of people, in a he may find an emergency call waiting to who is considerate of her neighbors, has set greater variety of places, reached by a take an entirely different type of picture: a 9 p. m. curfew for painting, and listening. greater variety of transportation, than A crack may have developed, inexplicably, any other in the entire organization. in a concrete wall, or possibly termites A typical LaClair day may go some- have been discovered where no one ever PRIZE NEWSGIRL thing like this: thought they would go. These must be In the morning, when the day is bright photographed for detailed study by crack and clear, he may be up in an Air Force and termite experts. helicopter taking aerial shots of anything Before he has a chance to catch his from an overall shot of the Gatun Locks breath he has to arrange for prints to be made from negatives made earli3r; each month his studio turns out an average of 2.300 such prints. Or he may have Observances to Two decide some question in connection with To Remember the preservation of the old photographic records, a highly technical process. IN MAY Medicine Man His job has also taken him to many of the out-of-the-way places in the Republic of Panama. Several years ago he accom- ARMED FORCES panied a medical group which was giving vaccinations against yellow fever and tracking down the monkeys which are DAY the unwitting hosts to the jungle yellow- fever. That particular trip took him to Bocas del Toro, the Darien, and Chiriqui. May 1 While he has been on picture expedi- tions he has been called on for a number and of unusual (for a photographer) services - from changing tires to baby sitting. On the yellow fever trip he found himself practically practicing medicine. When CANAL ZONE the others in the group went out to hunt monkeys and he remained to watch the camp, he was beset by the ailing natives CANCER FUND who always flocked around whenever the party stopped. DRIVE The doctors in the group had antici- pated something of the sort and had left him a goodly supply of aspirin which he HARRISON, cashier at the Balboa Heights dispensed before the day was over to EDNA May 1 5 through 3 cafeteria, is a prize salesgirl for The Panama Canal about 100 men, women, and children and, Review. Each month she sells close to 300 copies as far as he knows, may have helped some to employees in the Administration Building. May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Canal Employees Are Extremely Competent And Cooperative Says Governor Seybold TV Programs Start Sunday

(Continued from page 1) affairs which have already been held in their honor. Several thousand pairs of eyes in the TUESDAY 2:58 Sign On Several other affairs of a similar nature Canal Zone, including those of TV set 3:00 Armed Forces Hour have been scheduled organizations owners, their wives children, by and and 4:00 Garry Moore and personal friends during the two weeks many of their neighbors and friends, will 4:30 Robert Q. Lewis before their departure. be glued to animated glass screens, from 4:45 Eddie Fisher Governor Seybold, a native of Topeka, 17 to 24 inches wide, Sunday afternoon, 5:00 Strike It Ricli 5:30 Wizard Kan., was serving as Assistant Chief of the first television for this May 6, when 6:00 News * Engineers for Personnel and Administra- area is started by CFN, the Armed Forces 6:15 Panorama * tion when he was appointed by President Radio and Television Service station in 7:00 Bob Cummings Show Harry S. Truman as eleventh Governor the Canal Zone. 8:30 S64.000 Question 8:00 Buick Berle Show of the Canal Zone. He took oath of office A special 15-minute "live" program 9:00 Big Town May 27, 1952, in the Pentagon Building beginning at 2:15 o'clock Sunday after- 9:30 Dollar A Second in Washington soon after his confirmation noon will inaugurate television on the 10:00 Loretta Young Show by the United States Senate. Pacific side. Service on the Atlantic side 10:30 Red Skelton * 1 1 :00 News The Governor, accompanied by Mrs. will be started sometime later. 11:05 Motorola TV Theatte Seybold, arrived on the Isthmus on the Under the schedule now arranged, pro- 12:05 Sign Off Panama liner Panama on June 9, 1952, grams will be telecast on week days from WEDNESDAY to assume his new duties. The Isthmus 3 o'clock in the afternoon until midnight, 2:58 Sign On and its people were not new to them on while programs on Saturday and Sunday 3:00 Armed Forces Hour 4:00 Garry Moore arrival for they had resided at Corozal will begin at 2:15 and continue until mid- 4:30 Robert Q. Lewis for three years, 1922-25, when he served night. The telecasting of test patterns 4:45 Eddie Fisher as a lieutenant with the 11th Engineers. daily has been done since April 24, and 5:00 On Your Account The intervening 27 years until their owners having TV sets have been busy 5:30 Contest Carnival 6:00 News * return covered a variety of important adjusting their sets. 6:15 Panorama * assignments with the Corps of Engineers. Because of the widespread interest in 7:00 I Married Joan Principal among these were those of war- television among Canal employees and 7:30 This Is Your Life time service first as Chief of the Procure- their families, the following program an- 8:00 Disneyland 9:00 The Line-Up ment Branch in the office of the Chief of nounced by CFN for the first week is 9:30 Beat The Clock Engineers, and later in the European carried in this issue of The Review. 10:00 Pabst Bout theater as Executive Officer of the Engi- The programs are subject to change. 10:45 Jane Froman neer Section for the Services of Supply, The programs in future weeks will fol- 11:00 News * 11:05 Philco Playhouse and as Chief of the Supply Division. low in general the one outlined below as TV 12:05 Sign Off After his return from overseas duty in to the type of programs and the hours THURSDAY 1945, Governor Seybold served as Dis- when they will be telecast. Under the 2:58 Sign On trict Engineer at Syracuse, N. Y., and schedule announced, the closing program 3:00 Armed Forces Hour later at Baltimore, Md. Two important for each night will be a one-hour drama. 4:00 Garry Moore 4:30 Robert Lewis postwar assignments were as District The first week's program and time sched- Q. 4:45 Eddie Fisher Engineer of the Garrison District with ule follows: 5:00 Strike It Rich headquarters at Bismarck, N. D., with SUNDAY 5:30 Topper responsibility for the construction of the 2:15 SIGN ON—Special Program 6:00 News * * world's largest rolled-earth-fill dam on 2:30 The Big Picture 6:15 Panorama 3:00 Shower Of Stars 7:00 My Favorite Husband the Missouri River at Garrison, and as 4:00 Arthur Godfrey And His Friends 7:30 You Bet Your Life Pacific Division Engineer of the South 5:00 Hallmarks Hall Of Fame 8:00 Climax Division which is comprised of California, 5:30 Bums And Allen 9:00 Dragnet * Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and Hawaii. 6:00 News 9:30 People Are Funny 6:15 Jane Froman 10:00 The Millionaire Governor Seybold was retired from 6:30 College Press Conference 10:30 The Johnny Carson Show active as an officer of the U. S. duty 7:00 Jack Benny 11:00 News * Army Corps of Engineers with the rank 7:30 Screen Directors Playhouse 11:05 The Kraft TV Theatre of Major General last October after 35 8:00 Toast Of The Town 12:05 Sign Off 9:00 Appointment With Adventure years of service. He held the rank of FRIDAY 9:30 The Peoples Choice 2:58 Sign On Brigadier General, to which he was pro- 10:00 Readers Digest 3:00 Armed Forces Hour moted in June 1951, throughout most of 10:30 Life With Father 4:00 Garry Moore 11:00 News * his term as Governor. His promotion to 4:30 Robert 0. Lewis Goodyear TV Playhouse Major General upon retirement was by 11:05 4:45 Eddie Fisher 12:05 Sign Off Congressional action, one of the rare in- 5:00 On Your Account MONDAY 5:30 Roy Rogers stances when such an honor has been 2:58 Sign On 6:00 News * paid to an officer in the military service 3:00 Armed Forces Hour 6:15 Panorama * of the Government by an act of Congress. 4:00 Garry Moore 7:00 Meet Millie 4:30 Robert Q. Lewis 7:30 Stop The Music 4:45 Eddie Fisher 8:00 Colgate Comedy Hour 5 :00 On Your Account 9:00 Justice Latin American Schools Will Reopen 5:30 Zoo Parade i:30 Pantomine Quiz * Next Week; Plan Pacific High Move 6:00 News 10:00 ABC Boxing 6:15 Panorama * 10:45 Great Moments In Sports 7:00 My Little Margie 11:00 News + (Continued from pag°. 2) be the trans-

7:30 Life Begins At 80 1 1 :05 U. S. Steel Hour fer, later, of Pacific side high school 8:00 Caeser's Hour 12:05 Sign Off Paraiso. Several other less activities to 9 :00 Medic SATURDAY will incoming 9:30 I've Got A Secret important changes greet 2:13 Sign On 10:00 Four Star Playhouse students. A complete paint job, inside 2:15 Western Matinee 10:30 Talent Scouts and out, has been done on the Rainbow 3:00 Armed Forces Hour 11:00 News * 4:00 Game Of The Week schools, and the shop building and City 1 1 :05 Studio One 4:30 Encore Theatre school, the Rainbow 12:05 Sign Off the old Paraiso and 5:30 Imogene Coca City pool has been repaired. 6:00 News * * Still to be done, but due for this fiscal 6:15 Panorama Life Of Riley year, are equipment of the Paraiso gym- school. At Rainbow City High School, 7:00 7:30 The Hunter with dressing rooms and shower Ernest Jamieson will replace Horace nasium 8:00 Jackie Gleason facilities, and construction of a covered Parker who is on a year's leave of absence 9:00 Danger passageway from the Rainbow City high and who will not return until September 9:30 That's My Boy 10:00 George Gobel Show school to the gymnasium. 1. Also at Rainbow City High School, 10:30 Hit Parade Several new faces will be seen on the Clement Dixon has been assigned to re- 11:00 News * teaching staff. Mrs. Gladys Mauge will place Mrs. Clara Wattley, whose year's 11:05 The Bob Hope Show replace Mrs. Dorothy Powell, who has leave of absence will not be completed 12:05 Sign Off resigned, at the Rainbow City elementary until July 1. * Live Telecast 10 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956 Governor Seybold's Four-Year Term Filled With Significant Actions And Events

For an area as small as the Canal Zone a lot has happened here in the past few years. And, when the history of the first century of the Panama Canal's opera- tions is written in the year 2014, the ad- ministration of Gov. John States Seybold will undoubtedly be considered one of the most significant of the period. Governor Seybold completes his four- year term of office this month. Each year has been crowded with changes and events of great interest. While many of these have been of local importance, others are of international significance and their imprint will be visible in Canal operations for many years to come. At the time he took oath of office in the Pentagon Building in Washington on May 27, 1952, the Panama Canal Com- pany was still, rhetorically speaking, a babe in swaddling clothes. It was then less than a year old and the basic policies required by the change from an old-line agency operating on ap- propriated funds to a modern corporate form of management using corporate principles and business methods required to achieve a self-sustaining operation out OATH was administered May 27, 1952, by Secretary of the Army Frank Pace, Jr. of revenues, were still unsettled, or at OF OFFICE Center is Karl R. Bendetsen, then Under Secretary and Chirman of the Board of the Panama Canal the formative stages. While pri- least in Company. marily fiscal in nature, the changes and new policies required by the incorpora- the $430,000 annuity to Panama under increase of about 45 percent. Transits tion and reorganization of the Canal oper- the 1903 and 1936 treaties. by United States Government vessels, on ations have affected both over-all opera- During the first four years of operation the other hand, declined sharply after tions and the individual employee. since the reorganization, the operating fiscal year 1953, from 1,064 transits in net income of the Panama Canal Com- that year to 800 in 1954 and only 296 in Many Policies Settled pany totaled $89.3 million, after recovery 1955. Tolls revenues and credits reached The initiation and implementation of of all direct operating costs, including an all-time peak in 1953, totaling $37.4 many of these policies have been the depreciation and general overhead, but million. The decrease since that year was direct responsibility of the present Canal before payments of the fixed general cor- entirely due to diminished Government administration. In the main, the prin- porate charges noted above to the United traffic. The peak in commercial ocean- ciples for operation of the Canal and its States Treasury. Annual payments of going traffic was reached in 1955, when related activities have now been settled. the fixed charges to the Treasury totaled 7,997 of such vessels transited the Canal The Company has not had occasion, $75.8 million during the period. The carrying 40.6 million tons of cargo. Tolls since the reorganization, to obtain any resulting aggregate net income for the on all commercial vessels amounted to appropriation of funds, either for opera- four years has therefore been $13.5 mil- $33.9 million in fiscal year 1955 and it is ting expenses or capital outlay. Under lion. This annual net income was $2.9 estimated they will amount to $34.9 mil- its charter the Company is required to million for fiscal year 1952; $5.8 million lion in fiscal year 1956 and $35.6 million recover all costs of operation, including for 1953; $4.1 million for 1954; and $0.5 in fiscal year 1957. Credits for tolls on depreciation, and to reimburse the Treas- million for 1955. For the current fiscal Government vessels amounted to $1.2 ury annually for interest on the net direct year 1956 it is estimated that the net million in fiscal year 1955 and it is esti- investment of the United States in the income will be around $2.5 million. mated they will amount to $0.8 million Company, for the net costs of operation In addition to the annual payment of of the Canal Zone Government, and for interest, net Canal Zone Government costs, and the annuity to Panama, the Panama Canal Company paid into the United States Treasury in November 1954 a liquidating dividend of $10 mil- lion, the amount of accumulated cash on hand determined by the Board of Direc- tors to be in excess of the Company's working capital needs and reasonable for- seeable requirements for authorized plant replacement or expansion. Another such dividend in the amount of $5 million was declared in April 1956. These payments, totaling $15 million represent a refund- ment of capital, and liquidated the Gov- ernment's investment to that extent, thereby reducing the Company's interest base. Canal Traffic Increases Commercial traffic through the Canal has shown a constant increase over the past four years. The number of ocean- INSPECTING a Locks overhaul with Board mem- bers in 1952. Governor explains some problems to going commercial vessels transiting the CELEBRATING a Centennial. The Governor poses Lt. Gen. Lewis A. Pick, formerly Chief of Engineers, Canal during this period, of which ap- with senior Panama Railroad men, Engineer B. W. committee of the Mclntyre, left, and Conductor C. B. Mcllvaine, who was a member of a special proximately two-thirds are foreign flag, Board of Directors to study Canal traffic and future before the departure of the train from Colon on was 29,715 as compared with 20,512 dur- requirements. At left is Roy ('. Stockham, Chief of January 28, 1955, reenacting the first transcontinental the Locks Division. ing the preceding four-year period, an train trip 100 years before. —

May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 11

in fiscal year 1957. ment consultant firm of Booz, Allen, and The high level of commercial traffic is Hamilton. Its report recommending re- still holding up, the month of February tention of all fringe benefits plus some 1956 having set an all-time high record additional ones was one of the biggest of 23.48 average dailv transits of large boc sts to employee morale in many years. commercial vessels. March was almost Other events of major importance of as high. the Governor's first year in office included Aside from the many and varied ad- resumption of studies on conversion of justments resulting from the reorganiza- the Canal Zone power system to 60-cycle tion legislation, there have been sufficient current, and approval of plans by the other outstanding events of the past four Board of Directors for a modification of years to make the period noteworthy in the Canal locks to increase the capacity any historical record of the Canal. While of the Canal. some of these, ruch as the Canal Treaty Plans for the power-conversion pro- revision, have not been of the Governors gram have now been fully developed. making nor his direct responsibility, they Before Governor Seybold leaves the Isth- have added to the work load in his office mus, some residents on the Atlantic side and vitally affected his administration. will be cooking, washing clothes, and fan- A partial listing of the more outstand- ning themselves with 60-cycle electrical ing and newsworthy occurrences of the appliances. Modification of Gatun Locks past four years in the Canal Zone would has been completed and successfully include the following: tested during the overhaul this year. Approval and initiation of the first Another project of major importance phase of a plan to increase the capacity directly affecting the waterway was the of the waterway. Contractors Hill work where a rock fis- Completion of the Contractors Hil! sure required the removal of most of that project. rocky precipice overlooking Gaillard Cut. Planning and initiation of the $25,- 1 he quarters replacement program has 000,000 electric-power-conversion proj- been, one of continuing concern during ect. ENTERTAINING a Vice President. Operation of Governor Seybold's administration. The Planning and initiation of a program the Panama Canal Locks were explained to Vice program had already begun when he took for replacement of the locks towing lo- President Richard M. Nixon on his visit to the office. At that time plans called for an Canal Zone in February 1955. At the right is Henry comotives. expenditure of $80,000,000. This pro- F. Holland, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter A substantial revision and comple- American Affairs. gram was drastically revised and reduced, tion of the long-range quarters replace- with the result that the total expenditure im- ment program. effective date of the increase, and an was cut to about $25,000,000. The change from English to Spanish partial panel held public hearings. The Five Fewer Towns end result was the acceptance by the as the basic language of Latin American One phase of importance in the revised Board of Directors of three of the panel's schools in the Canal Zone, together housing program which will have a long- recommendation for rental adjustments. with extension of the teaching of Span- range effect on operation and mainte- A second occurrence vitally affecting ish in all grades of the United States nance costs is the consolidation of quar- employees their pocketbooks came schools. and ters near the Canal terminals. This has the heels of the rent raise when the Consolidation of all hospital facilities on or will ultimately result in five fewer cut the 25 per- in the Zone. House of Representatives townsites or integrated communities Governor A revision of the functions of the cent differential to 10 percent. Red Tank, Pedro Miguel, La Boca, Seybold immediately took the lead in Canal's Washington office with the Camp Bierd, and New Cristobal. to a successful fight to transfer and consolidation of all pro- what proved be Consistently with the gradual stabili- the full differential. curement activities in the New York save zation of Canal operations in general after office. Worries On Fringes Benefits the war, together with the Congressional Transfer of the water management Coupled with this was a Congressional directives requiring a self-sustaining op- contract to the Republic of Panama. directive for an independent study of the eration, many adjustments were made Closing of the Panama and Colon differential and other fringe benefits. and new policies developed during Gov- Health offices. The study was conducted by the manage- ernor Seybold's administra- {See page 15) Two public Congressional hearings in the Canal Zone. Completion of the plant inventory and appraisal program. The Booz, Allen, Hamilton study and report. Implementation of the so-called Fringe Benefits legislation. And, added to these would be a variety of public events of unusual interest such as the celebration of the Canal's 50th anniversary, the Panama Railroad's cen- tennial, completion and dedication of the Goethals Memorial, and visits by the Queen of England and the Vice President of the United States. This list could be extended indefinitely by adding other events which would be included in a more comprehensive review. No single administrative action dur- ing Governor Seybold's administration aroused so much turmoil among employ- ees as the increase in rents which was approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting at Balboa Heights in Sep- tember 1952, less than four months after he took office. The question of increasing rents to cover all costs had been pending for several months before he took office, A JOB.COMPLETED. The Contractors Hill project was the biggest thing of its kind since the of after it was opened. It was completed during the Governor's but he inherited the headaches of its removal big slides in the Canal soon administration. He is shown here congratulating A. Ray Smith, President cf the Tecon Corporation, actuality. center with checkered shirt, at job's completion. Facing camera between the Governor and Mr. Because of the many protests, the Gov- Smith is Col. Hugh M. Arnold, Engineering and Construction Director, who supervised the job ernor obtained authority to postpone the from the beginning until it ended in September of last year. 12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956 Here's How The Review I s Printed

•Just six years ago, the first issue of The Panama Canal Review went on sale in the commissaries, clubhouses (as they were in those days), and hotels in the Canal Zone. Today, in addition to its local circulation, it goes to some 1,500 subscribers throughout the United States and in several other countries as well. To celebrate its birthday, The Review staff presents here some of the men of the Printing Plant at Mount Hope who have had a hand in the printing of the maga- zine's 63 issues—including this one. If the reader will start at the top of this page and follow the pictures down, across the bottom of this and the facing page and then up that page, he will see, in order, the major processes involved in turning an average of 20,000 words and 25 pictures into a magazine each month. The Review type is set by monotype, unlike the lintotype used by most news- papers. Earl A. Dyer, top left, is at the keyboard of the complicated machine which sets the 10-point Modern (of the Roman type family) used for the "body" of most of The Review's stories, the 8-point type (Binny and Cushing) used in the Current Interest and Promotion and Transfer pages, and the type, also 8-point Modern, used under the pictures. Mr. Dyer, temporary head of the Mono- type Section, has been in the printing business here and at the Government Printing Office in Washington, for over 33 years. His job is Group Chief and Assistant to the Printer. When the perforated tape, like a player piano roll, comes off the monotype keyboard, it goes to the monotype caster, operated by Carl DaCosta, center left. He has been at the Printing Plant since 1918. He feeds the tape into the casting machine which then casts into galleys- columns to the non-technical—the type which comes from the caster. m Next step for each Review issue is the May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 13 composing room where the galleys of type, the pictures (which have been transformed into metal plates, or cliches, by Reinaldo De Pool, of Panama City), and the headlines, which have been set by hand, are fitted into page-size forms. At the bottom, left, J. B. Coffey, Com- posing Room Foreman, who served his apprenticeship at the Printing Plant more than 25 years ago, and Eustace Wiltshire, a veteran of 37 years service, put a page together according to a dummy prepared by the editorial staff. A proof is made of each galley of type and for each page. This is the job of Harold Lewis, who is shown in the one- column picture on page 12. The type is inked with a large cylinder and the proof sheet pressed, by a weighted roller, onto it. A. A. Doyle, not shown here, reads each proof for errors. Each 16-page issue of The Review is printed in two sections, of eight pages each, and every 20-page issue in three sections, one of four pages and the other two of eight pages apiece. Each section is known as a "sig." Richard Ennis, in the one-column pic- ture below, arranges each sig on a large flat "stone," adjusting and tightening the columns and pages so that they do not slip under the pressure of the press. The actual printing of the Panama Canal's official monthly is done directly from type on a flatbed press. This, too, is unlike most newspaper production where the type is impressed into a papier mache matrix from which stereotype plates are made to fit the cylinders of a rotary press. At the bottom, right, Gilbert Furey, who heads the Printing Plant and who has been in the printing business for over 40 years, and John M. Purvis, Jr., who is in charge of the presses, looks over a sheet, still wet from the press. In the background, on the upper step of the press is Stephen Jeanmarie, whose first job at the Printing Plant, 40 years ago, was as a messenger. Putting the sections of each Review together, trimming them and binding each copy, and distributing the completed magazines is the job of the Bindery section. The pages are folded by the machine at the top right. W. R. Price, Bindery Foreman, checks a folded issue while Donald P. Peart, left, keeps an eye on the machine. "

14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956

pleted 40 years of government service, all with the Canal organization and most of it with the Locks Division. PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS As he did when he was a youngster, he still prowls the Isthmus from end to end in his spare time. A competent local historian, March 15 through April 15

I inj loyees who were promoted or trans- sary Assistant to Commissary Supervisor, tween March 15 and April 15 are Commissary Division.

below. Wiihin-grade promotions are Mrs. Gertrude J. Connard, from Com- not listed. missary Checker to Commissary Assistant, Commissary Di\ision. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU TRANSPORTATION Mrs. Norma E. Hamilton, from Clerk- AND TERMINALS Stenographer, Supply and Employee Serv- BUREAU ice Bureau, to Clerk (Typing), Division of Dan G. Nellis, from Apprentice Wireman, Schools. Electrical Division, to Electrician, Motor Transportation OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER Division. Charles E. Staples, from Foreman to Mrs. Ida H. Fuller and Mrs. Dorothy J. Lead Foreman, Tire Reclaiming Plant, Herrington, from Time, Leave, and Payroll Motor Transportation Division. Clerk to Accounting Clerk, Payroll Branch. James T. Wiggins, from Rigger, Locks Florence M. Peterson, from Accounting Overhaul, to Lead Stevedore Foreman, Clerk to Time, Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Terminals Division. Payroll Branch. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION BUREAU Elizabeth A. Allen, from Clerk-Typist, MAY SAILINGS Commissary Division, to Clerk (Typing), Electrical Division. From Cristobal Victor C. Melant, from Accounting Clerk to Supervisory Clerical Assistant, Dredging Panama May 5 Division. Cristoba I May 12 Frederick A. Ebdon, from Wireman, Elec- A neon May 19 trical Division, to Electrical Inspector, Panama May 26 ADRIEN M. BOUCHE Power Conversion Project. James A. Van Dyke, from Crater and From New York he has been of great help on several occa- Packer Foreman, Maintenance Division, Cristobal May 3 sions to members of The Review staff who to Pumping Plant Operator, Water and wanted to know just where a certain Laboratories Branch. A neon May 10 old building might have stood "way back Panama May 17 . Alfred J. Waldorf, from Pumping Plant when Operator to Pumping Plant Operator and Cristobal May 24 In November 1952, other of Tractor-Bulldozer Operator, Water and his extra- A neon May 31 curricular activities were described in Laboratories Branch. a North- and south-bound ships are in Review story concerning his "plant pros- A. Orvis, Joseph from Cablesplicer to Haiti Mondays. pecting." In his off duty hours, the story Electrical Distribution Foreman, Electrical said, "he prospects for plants . . . and Division. passes them on to botanists, pharmaceutical OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR-PRESIDENT research laboratories, other scientific insti- tutions, or to interested individuals who Paul M. Runnestrand, from Executive RETIREMENTS can propagate or put them to good use." Assistant to the President to Executive Secretary, Canal Zone Government, and 30 YEARS Five Canal employees, all of Executive Assistant to the President, Pan- Retirement certificates were presented them men and only two of them in the ama Canal Company. the end of April to the following employees same division, rounded out 30 years of government who are listed alphabetically, together with setvice INTERNAL SECURITY OFFICE last month. their birthplaces, titles, length of service, Mrs. Cloy C. Dorey, from Personnel Se- and future addresses: Senior from point of service among the curity Clerk to Personnel Security Assist- five 30-year employees is Anthony Lom- Anson G. Kinsman, Missouri; Marine ant, Internal Security Office. broia, Lead Foreman in the Maintei ance Superintendent, Terminals Division; 39 Division's Planing Mill. He is a native years; Seattle, Wash. HEALTH BUREAU New Yorker who came to the Isthmus Marie Arias Smith, Panama; Clerk, to work with the Gatun Golf Club. Mrs. Maxine K. Hitchcock, from Clerk- Gorgas Hospital; 36 year., 4 months, 12 Typist to Clerk (Typing), Corozal Hospital. His total Federal service is just three days; address undecided. days more than that of William F. Browne, MARINE BUREAU Supervisory Accountant in the Agents Account Branch. Mr. Browne, Charles E. Hughes, from Electric Welder who was born in Springfield, to Boilermaker, Locks Overhaul. Mass., served as an Army officer during World War II and is Hugh B. Smith, from Wireman, Electrical ANNIVERSARIES active in the local Reserve Officers Asso- Division, to Lock Operator Wireman, Paci- ciation. fic Locks. of With 41 of Two employees the Locks Division, Joseph M. Hunt, from Marine Traffic years government service, Floyd R. McDermitt and Stanley Sudron, Controller to Supervisory Marine Carl G. Brown, Chief of Area Sanitation for Traffic follow, in that order. Mr. McDermitt, Controller, Navigation Division. the Health Buieau, is again this year the who once called Point Pleasant, senior employee on the April list of anni- W. Va. William E. Pierson, from Machinist, his home, is a versaries. There are few Zonians who Lockmaster at Gatun. Mr. Locks Overhaul, to Lock Operator Machin- Sudron was born in England but have not seen him, dressed in khaki and came to ist, Pacific Locks. Canal Zone in wearing a sun helmet, poking around the time to serve an appren- Felix ticeship here. He is Karpinski, from Machinist, Locks potential breeding places for mosquitoes a Lock Operator Overhaul, to Lock Operator Machinist. and other pests. Machinist Foreman at the Pacific Locks. Atlantic Locks. Junior on the 30-year list, although first He had his first Federal service as a Martin S. Sawyer, from Branch Superin- alphabetically, is Boyd M. Bevington, sergeant in the United States Army Medical 1 ident, Posial Division, to Marine Traffic Supervisory Administrative Assistant in the Corps. After five years in the service, he I ontroller, Navigation Division. Housing and Grounds Division. He was decided to become a civilian, and in 1920 Richard born in Cleveland, Ohio, but has lived most W. Abell, from Control House went to work in the Board of Health of his life in the Canal Zone. Operator to Lookmaster, Pacific Locks. Laboratory in Ancon. With the exception Preston M. Trim, from Lock Operator of a brief break in service in 1921 he has 25 YEARS Wireman Foreman to Control House Oper- been with the Health Bureau continuously Three of the eight employees who rounded itor, Pacific Lock-. for the past 36 years. out a quarter of a century of government service in April have unbroken Canal Elden W. Coffey, from Lock Operator His friends and associates are forever service. Wireman to These three are Mack F. Bailey, Lock Operator Wireman Fore- amazed at his long list of hobbies, all of John W. O'Connell, and Freddie m in, Pai ific Locks. which, they add, he does very S. South- well. He is erland. James H. Bowen, from Wireman, Elec- a ham radio operator, a chess player, a Mr. Bailey, who originally •ivision, to Lock Operator Wireman, musician, an amateur botanist, and a came from Deer Park, Ala., is a Supervisory fii Loi ks. photographer of considerable ability. Sanitation Inspector; all of his service ha? been with 40 YEARS SUPPLY AM) EMPLOYEE SERVICE the Health Bureau. Mr. O'Connell, whose Adrien Bouche, Control BUREAU House Supervisor formal title is Supervisory Railroad Trans- at Pedro Miguel Locks, has spent most of portation Specialist, Ruth P. Housley, from Usher to Door- is Master of Transport- his life in the Canal Zone. Born in man, Service Center Division. Mount ation for the Panama Railroad. He comes Carbon, W. Ya., he came here when he from Durango, Colo., Mrs. Lucille is a Navy veteran of Abernathy, from Commis- was only 9 years old. Last month he com- World War I, and has never worked here ;

May 4,1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15

Governor Seybold's Four-Year Term Filled percent in the personnel force since 1951. Some of these were end-products of the This decrease has for the most part With Significant Actions And Events been Canal's incorporation, and others were achieved by normal attrition, with a min- made because of changes in the work- (Continuzd from, page 11) tion to increase imum of reductions in force. The stabil- load, for more economical operation or efficiency and effect economies in the ity of the personnel force that has been improved conditions, or because of the Canal enterprise. These included internal achieved is indicated by the fact that the changing economic picture in the Zone. reorganizations, elimination of activities separation rate for the Federal Govern- The most recent and extensive of these where possible, and the use of private ment as a whole was nearly double that was the consolidation of the Community contractors for new construction and of the United States citizen personnel of Services and Supply Bureaus. A com- major maintenance services. The con- the Canal agencies last year. plete internal reorganization of the Fi- tracting policy effected very substantial The betterment of working and living nance Bureau was made soon after Gov- savings in the housing program and is conditions for local-rate employees has ernor Seybold took office. At that time doing so currently in the general mainte- been of continuing concern during Gov- the name of the unit was changed to nance program, while at the same time ernor Seybold's administration. Admin- Office of the Comptroller. benefiting the Republic of Panama be- istrative actions in this area included: Other changes have included intsmal cause of increased reliance upon con- The institution of the Latin American reorganizations of the Personnel and tractors located in the Republic. schools; an increase in the minimum Civil Affairs Bureaus; transfers of the These and other policies applied to the wage; a bill sponsored by the Canal ad- Dredging Division from the Marine Bu- postwar, post-reorganization conditions ministration which increased disability reau to the Engineering and Construction have permitted a reduction of nearly 28 relief payments from $25 to a maximum Bureau, and the Motor Transportation of $45 a month; provisions for payment Division from the Supply Bureau to the for any other unit but the Railroad. Mr- of night differential rates to local-rate Transportation and Terminals Bureau, Southerland, who was born in Morristown' employees; and the adoption of a unified the latter Tenn., is a policeman and detective' being made at the time the stationed at Balboa. payroll. name of the bureau was changed from Other 25-year employees last month Of major importance was the encourage- the Railroad and Terminals Bureau; and were: Mrs. Gladys B. Baldwin, once of ment and assistance given to the organi- transfer of the procurement functions of New Jersey and now Secretary in the zation of Civic Councils in the principal Superintendent's Office at Gorgas Hospital; the Washington to the New York Office. Richard A. Edmonson, Police Sergeant at Latin American communities. Following While the problems which have arisen Cristobal, who is a native Zonian, having their organization monthly conferences during the Governor's term have been been born in Ancon; Burton Hackett, Jr., J. with their selected representatives were unusually high in number and complex another native Anconite, now Grounds instituted on the same basis as those with in nature, there is Maintenance Lead Foreman in Housing little likelihood that he and Grounds; Willard E. Percy, who was U. S.-rate Civic Councils. The last four will be able to take a "breather" even born in Buffalo, N. Y., served his machin- years have been marked by the special during his last few days in office. The apprenticeship in the Canal Zone and ist's interest of the Canal administration in duties of the Governor of the Canal Zone is now No. 2 man in the Apprentice Train- civic and community affairs and organi- and President of the ing School; and Clifford V. Russell, who was Panama Canal Com- born in Gloversville, N. Y., has never zations representing all groups in the pany do not permit time-out periods and worked for any other Canal organization Canal Zone. The further development of Governor Seybold, by nature, is not one is Hospital but the Health Bureau and now playground and recreational facilities for to look for such periods. Administrative Officer at Corozal Hospital. employees and their families has been a So, it is an even guess that his last day 20 YEARS noteworthy improvement. in office will be much like the Two native Zonians, Jack W. Clarke and other 1,460 - Mrs. Janice G. Scott, are among the five Numerous organizational changes have busy, up to the hilt, with barely enough who completed 20 years of government been made during the past four years. time to do what has to be done. service in April. Mr. Clarke, whose service is continuous, is a General Foreman for Grounds Maintenance with Housing and Grounds. Mrs. Scott is an Accounting Champ And Nears Champs Clerk in the Maintenance Division. Other 20-year employees are Leonard R. Gale, Distribution and Window Clerk now assigned to the Director of Posts' Office; John C. Paige, Cash Accounting Assistant for the Treasury Branch; and Harvey G. Rhyne, Texas boin, a Police Sergeant at Balboa. Mr. Gale and Ser- geant Rhyne have unbroken Canal service, 15 YEARS Thirteen of the employees who completed 15 years of government service in April have unbroken Canal service and two, Emerson W. Cottrell and Robert G. Rowe, share the same service date. Those with continuous Canal service are: Joseph A. Blackburn, Guard Supervisor, Locks Secur- ity Branch; William T. Clute, Pilot, Navi- gation Division; Emmett O. Collins, Police- man, Balboa District; Emerson W. Cottrell, Control House Operator, Gatun; Mrs. Eldermae Duff, Accounting Clerk, Account- ing Division; Walter W. Fox, Auto Repair Machinist, Motor Transportation Division; Orlando L. Flye, Jr., Electrical Engineer, Electrical Division. Wallace E. Gibson, Property and Supply- Clerk, Commissary Division; Robert G. Grocott, Histopathology Technician, Board of Health Laboratory; Daniel J. Ianoale, Guard Supervisor, Locks Security Branch; Donald M. Luke, Chief, General Ledger and Processing Branch, Office of the Comptroller Mrs. Jettie Price, Commissary Assistant; Robert G. Rowe, Commissary Supervisor; A HIGHLIGHT OF the Field Safety Day held in Paraiso late last month under the sponsorship and John A. Taylor, Quarters Maintenance of the Paraiso Civic Council was the line-heaving contest to determine the most proficient in this Lead Foreman, Maintenance Division. ancient art among Locks Division employees. Other are: 15-year employees Frank A. Winner of the first three places, above, are: Manuel Rodriquez, of Miraflores, first with seven Baldwin, Chief of the Plant Appraisal points deft); Juan Gorzon, of Miraflores, second with six points (center); and Esteban Canizales, Branch; Macon W. Foscue, Supervisory Pedro Miguel, third with five points. The champion will have his name placed on a plaque designed Electrical Engineer, Engineering Division; for this purpose. Robert Hassler, Optical Technician, Com- Also-rans in the contest were Stanley Chambers, of Pedro Miguel; and the two entries from missary Division; George F. Husted, Gatun Locks, Mortland Hinds and Arthur A. Clarke. Boilermaker, Industrial Division; James Marks for future line heavers to better were: Distance, 107 feet, 10 inches; height, 50 feet from F. McGloin, Fireman Driver-Operator, 50 feet away; and target bullseye, 14 inches. All three first-place winners clearei the 50-foot marker Fire Division; Gale A. O'Connell, General for height. Engineer, Engineering Division; Paree L. Representatives from the three Locks were selected by preliminaries held earlier. The line- Roland, Lead Foreman, Public Works, heaving contest was but one of the many attractions for the several thousand residents of communi- Division; Maintenance and Roy M. Steele, ties from both the Atlantic and Pacific side for Safety Field Day, the second sponsored by the Stevedore Foreman, Terminals Division. Paraiso Civic Council. 16 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956

Everything But Dogwood Blooms Canal To Join Nation During Canal Zone's Dog Days In "Job Safety Week" Change of season—the Isthmian dog days is not completely disagreeable, despite the heat. It is the time of year "Not a single accident during the en- for the flowering trees which dot Canal tire week of May 13." Zone hilsides and jungles with great This is the theme and the objective of patches of brilliant color. Job Safety Week which will be observed Washington's famed Japanese cherry in the Canal Zone this year during the trees would be completely overshadowed week of May 13-19. It is a theme which if some of the Isthmian blossomers could every employee and every resident of the be concentrated along one road or avenue, Canal Zone must know and follow to but the local trees simply don't grow that make the observance a success. way, nor do they lend themselves to President Eisenhower has designated transplanting. this period as Job Safety Week through- One of the most beautiful vistas during out the United States and has called on the past month was a long-range view of all Federal Government agencies as well a portion of Gatun Lake from the trans- as private citizens to join in eliminating Isthmian highway about 15 miles from for that week all accidents. Cristobal. The jungle was studded with Details of the "no-accident week" cam- bright yellow guayacan trees; their color paign were announced to all Bureau Di- was visible for miles. rectors last month in a memorandum Governor's Office. Off Schedule from the The program is under the sponsorship of the Federal In an ordinary dry season, which this A FLAMING BEAUTY of the Isthmian forests is Safety Council and will be conducted on year has not been because of the heavy the guayacan tree during the dry season. a nationwide basis. rains through January, guayacans ordina- The objective of Job Safety Week in rily blossom about a month earlier on the but the brilliant red female flower is the the Canal organization will not only be Atlantic side than on the Pacific side one which attracts attention. It was in safety at work for employees, but safety of the Canal Zone. This year, however, a bloom in the Canal Zone last month. at home, on the streets, and at play. giant guayacan on a hillside near the Showers Of Flowers While the safety program will be inten- Christian Science Church in Ancon was Other flowering trees which should— sified in the various units of the organi- in full bloom more than a month before and may—be blossoming right now on zation, all residents of the community the Atlantic side trees began to flower. the Pacific side are the golden, the bronze, will be asked to cooperate and make the One of the last guayacans to blossom is a and the pink and white shower trees. campaign a success. great tree opposite the Governor's House Most trees of this family on the Atlantic on Heights Road. This ordinarily flowers side bloomed in April, but there may be Full Cooporation Asked in early May, but this year it did the a few stiagglers still to come. Bureau Directors have been asked to unexpected and bloomed during the last A number of the golden shower trees spearhead the campaign in the organiza- week in April. are located along Balboa Prado, but their tion by publicizing Job Safety Week Another of the large flowering trees blossoming this year has been somewhat throughout their units; holding safety whose season has been thrown off schedule sporadic. The pink and white shower, meetings; appointing special Workers In- this year is the roble, whose blossoms which can be found in most of the Canal spection Committees for each activity or range from a pale pinkish white to a fairly Zone towns, should not be confused with installation to report unsafe conditions; dark lavender. There are many of these a native pink shower. The town variety, encouraging the submission of safety sug- trees on the hillsides behind Gamboa and which is an imported tree, has its blos- gestions; conducting safety training and Albrook Field. soms clustered along the branches while practice for employees who have com- Blossoming Now the native variety flowers very much like pleted first aid courses; and reporting apple trees. The bronze shower has pendant promptly and thoroughly all accidents, Trees which should be at the height clusters of flowers, like bunches of grapes. however trivial. of their blossoming season right now are the poinciana, or flame trees, and the jacaranda. There are two clumps of poinciana trees on the Pacific side which Power Conversion Job Completed can usually be depended upon to be spectacular. These are on the slope beside the First Baptist Church in Balboa Heights and near the Balboa Elementary School Building. Another cluster which ordinarily is in full bloom in May and which invariably attracts photographers by the dozen is that on the Plaza de Francia in Panama City. In addition to the red, or flame poincianas there is a yellow poinciana tree which should be in blossom now. It has a long flowering period which began last month. An especially handsome yel- low poinciana grows near the Civil Affairs Building on Gaillard Highway. There are two types of the jacaranda tree to be found in the Canal Zone. Both have purple blossoms. One type, which flowers along its branches, is found in the jungle; the second, more common in Zone towns, has large termi- nal clusters of blossoms in a crown around the upper part of the tree. One of the former type is located opposite the Gov- ernor's House at the corner of the road leading into Quarry Heights. THE FIRST MAJOR PROJECT of the power-conversion program to be completed was the Mount Hope Substation built by Louis Another of the large flowering jungle R. Sommer, Panama contractor, at a cost of $820,000. This shows the switching yard with the big transformers which step down 44,000-volt current to 2,300 volts trees is the palo santo, or iriplaris. It and feed it out to the various communities. In the background is the masonry substation building. has two types of flowers, male and female, Final inspection was made late last month. . 5

May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 17 STATISTICS ON CANAL TRAFFIC For the purpose of comparison between pre-war and post-war traffic through the Panama Canal, statistics for the fiscal year 1938 are used in this section, as being more nearly normal for peace time than those for 1939.

CANAL TRAFFIC AT HIGH LEVEL IN PAST QUARTER

South America Trade i^. SHIPS iNo SHIPPING •- i.^_i New Industrial Division Transits By Ocean-Going Vessels To States And Europe Chief Arrives For Duty March 1,956 1955 Boosts Traffic Total Commercial 712 709 U. S. Governments 32 19

With commercial traffic moving through the Canal at near high records during Total. 744 728 February and March, the total number Tolls* of transits for the third quarter of this Commercial $3,073,307 $3,020,527 fiscal year reached 2,057, one of the high- U.S. Government.. 198,079 64,891 est quarterly totals in the Canal's history. Increased trade movements of the ship- Total... $3,271,386 $3,085,418 ping routes between the east coast of the United States and South America; "Includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-goh.g and small.

Europe and South America ; and the east coast of the United States and the Far A new record in Panama Canal traffic East were primarily responsible in the. was established in February with a daily high level of Canal traffic during the average of 23.48 transits by tolls-paying three-month period. commercial transits. The previous high Traffic was lighter in the quarter than was 23.45 for July 1955 when there were in the third quarter of the past fiscal year 727 transits. This total is still the highest on three of the main trade routes through on record although March traffic this the Canal. These were: United States year was not far behind with 712 transits, intercoastal; Europe and the west coast the second highest month on record. United States and Canada; and of the COMMANDER HUGH S. KNERR the east coast of the United States and SUCCEEDING Capt. Robert H. Emerick as Chief Cristobal had one of the biggest tour- Central America. of the Industrial Division next week will be Comdr. ists seasons of the past 15 years during The amount of United States Govern- Hugh S. Knerr, who comes to the Isthmus from the past few months. There were 38 ment shipping moving through the Canal Washington, D. C, where he has been on duty as cruise ships docked in Cristobal from the continued low with only 63 transits by Assistant Director General in the office of the Chief of Naval Operations. time the SS Ocean Monarch opened the ocean-going vessels. The new Industrial Division head was graduated season on October 28 until it was closed Tolls And Traffic Up from the Naval Academy with the Class of 1934. by the visit of the SS Kungsholm on He served three years, 1949-52, as Industrial Engin- Both traffic and tolls for the first three April 8. eer Officer at the Navy shipyard in Charleston, S. C, quarters of this fiscal year are running and two years with the Naval Radiological Defense During this busy period there were of first nine considerably in excess the Laboratory in San Francisco, Calif. 15,341 cruise passengers arriving in port 1955. There months in the fiscal year During the past war he was stationed in Ports- to see the Canal, visit the hundreds of were 6,140 transits by ocean-going com- mouth, N. H, serving as Assistant Hull Superintend- places of interest in Panama, and shop ent in charge of fitting out new construction and later mercial vessels up through March of this in Colon and Panama City. This number as Progress and Scheduling Officer. year, as compared with 5,961 in the first of tourists does not include the many Captain Emerick plans to leave the Isthmus May three quarters of the past fiscal year. hundreds who arrived on vessels which 9. He will return to Charleston, S. C, where he will as Tolls this year amount to $26,918,000, resume private practice as a consulting engineer. call regularly at the port. compared with $25,035,000 last year. The increasing traffic through the Canal between Europe and South Amer- MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS offset the major ica has served largely to Vessels of 300 tons net or over decline of recent months in oil shipments By fiscal years from California to east coast ports in the United States. The trade over this Tolls Transits route has been increasing since 1953 with (In thousands of dollars) increased tonnage in both raw and Month 1956 1955 1938 1956 IV 5 1938 finished products. is being Much of this merchandise [uly 727 640 457 83,247 82,646 $2,030 carried in vessels flying the German flag which have been on the increase for the August . . _ 676 652 505 2,980 2,752 2,195 past two years. During the past quarter September 686 660 444 3,053 2,756 1,936 there were 145 German ships listed in Canal traffic carrying 450,000 tons of October .-.-_-. 709 683 461 3,065 2,831 1,981 commodities, as compared with 106 November 627 636 435 2,706 2,630 1,893 transits with 270,000 tons of cargo dur- ing the third quarter of the past fiscal December _ . 658 676 439 2,944 2,853 1,845 year. Leading Flags In Canal 664 668 444 2,844 2,832 1,838 vessels, the United By nationality of February. 681 637 436 3,011 2,720 1,787 States, Great Britain, and Norway

ranked the top three in that order in March., ...... 712 709 506 3,068 3,015 2,016 the past quarter. These were followed, April . . . . 685 487 2,938 1,961 in order, by Liberia, Germany, Honduras, Japan, and Panama. There has been a Maj - - - - - 698 465 3,072 1,887 considerable alteration in the top eight _: places during the past year. In the third June. . . - . - 653 445 2,804 1,801 quarter of 1955 fiscal year, Panamanian Totals for first 9 months vessels ranked fourth while German ship- of fiscal year 6.140 5,961 4,127 $26,918 $25,035 817,521 ping was in eighth place in numerical rating. Totals for fiscal vear 7,997 5,524 $33,849 $23,170 . . .

18 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, 1956

Principal commodities shipped through the Canal Heavy Ore Shipments (All figures in long tons) ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC Balance Tonnage Loss

Third Quarter, Fiscal Years In Pacific Crude Oil Commodity 1956 1955 1938

A major increase in the amount of ores Mineral oils 1,274,686 1,159 995 236,664 shipped through the Panama Canal from Coal and coke 740,552 720 518 27,867 the Pacific to the Atlantic during the Manufacturers of iron and steeL 520,526 461 280 362,008 Phosphates 332,270 249 ,624 67,518 third quarter of this fiscal year largely Soy beans 165,998 185 ,391 493 offset the loss in tonnage of mineral oils Ammonium compounds 162,516 108 233 7,872 in recent months moved in this direction. Metal scrap 156,356 483 134,275 The ore tonnage during the past quar- Sulphur. 128,216 111 ,247 44,830 119,928 ter was 600,000 tons over that in the Sugar 82 ,452 32,587 Paper and paper products. _ 100,962 84 603 90,274 third quarter of the past fiscal year, but Machinery 85,960 73 940 25,179 the amount of oil shipped from the Cement 81,986 82 ,113 26,719 Pacific to the Atlantic dropped from Ti opiate 75,135 52 ,838 56,451 812,000 last year to 155,000 tons this Ores, various 70,585 40 ,824 7,809 Fertilizer 66,247 53 ,085 6,003 year. All others 1,095,222 1,112 920 923,105 Although there were fluctuations in the commodity movements through the Canal Total 5,177,135 4,579,546 2,049,654 in both directions during the past quar- ter, the two mentioned were the most PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC significant in the commodity tonnage reports. Oil Shipments Down Third Quarter, Fiscal Years Commodity The decrease in oil shipments resulted 1956 1955 1938 when the movement of crude oil from California to refineries on the east coast Ores, various 1,495,915 892,294 542,936 of the United States began a decline last Lu mber 827,379 951,720 632,901 Wheat 524,030 456,284 267,904 November. This major movement of oil Nitrate 375,560 328,149 530,861 began in January 1955 and reached a Canned food products 325,467 305,652 220,124 peak of 500,000 tons shipped through the Sugar 284,532 257,907 299,404 Canal in July of last year. It continued Bananas 257,619 235,476 20,076 through October and averaged during the Refrigerated food products (except fresh fruit). 186,736 158,284 106,820 Metals, various 162,450 197,439 165,473 10-month period approximately 250,000 Mineral oils 154,639 811,523 498,282 tons a month. Since that time, shipments Barley 132,991 181,825 81,435 have averaged about 50,000 tons a month. Coffee 87,039 75,869 53,179 The amount of ores being moved from Raw cotton 78,639 75,973 37,801 Wool 74,912 75,679 37,915 South America, principally iron ore from Copra 68,118 58,590 52,011 Peru, to Atlantic destinations has in- All others 857,807 947,080 766,001 creased materially during the past year. There has also been a substantial increase Total. 5,893,833 6,009,744 4,313,123 during that period in the movement of manufactured products from Europe to South America. Canal commercial traffic by nationality of vessels There has been a major increase in the number of special ore carriers moving Third Quarter, Fiscal Years through the Canal during the past few 1956 1955 1938 months. Many of these were transferred during the winter months from the ore Num- Num- Num- Tons Tons Tons trade to Labrador. There have been al- ber of ber of ber of transits of cargo transits of cargo transits of cargo most seven times as many special ore car- riers in traffic last Canal since December as 1 906 the average of the previous few months. Brazilian 2 4,279 British 298 1,814,576 307 1,893,191 348 1,626,625 Cargo From Atlantic Increases Chilean 19 120,168 15 71,875 3 10,012

The amount of cargo shipped through Chinese . . 7 57,831 8 70,797 the Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific Colombian 58 75,391 50 61,871 Costa Rican . 8 47,738 6 40,625 in the past quarter totaled 5,177,000 tons, 2 an increase of about over 600,000 the 77 282,484 70 251,632 56 161,735 comparable period in the previous fiscal Ecuadorean . 17 24,493 12 14,999 year. Commodities moving from the 9 34,891 3 20,543 1 4,021 26 38 Pacific to the Atlantic dropped about French 167,574 156,660 26 138,303 145 449,617 106 267,700 86 312,330 100,000 tons. 28 259,957 23 214,907 19 96,467 Of the leading commodities, those with Honduran 124 102,114 110 100,952 10 3,839 higher tonnage last quarter in the Atlan- 1 10,350 il 182,631 36 218,427 12 tic to Pacific trade were mineral oils, 31,762 Japanese- . 115 905,050 118 836,906 77 495,136 coal and coke, manufactures of iron and South Korean. 6 17,513 1 1 steel, phosphates, ammonium compounds, Liberian 149 1,260,920 107 782,303 scrap metal, sugar, paper and paper prod- 3 10,429 1 ucts, machinery, tinplate, ores, and fer- Netherland 39 189,305 36 214,212 77 179,917 Nicaragua n 13 21,592 15 21,735 tilizer. Tonnage losses were recorded in Norwegian 255 1,380,445 236 1,076,750 174 848,325 two commodities, soy beans cement. and Panamanian.. . 100 425,983 143 776,054 44 56,087 Increased tonnage in commodity move- 8 35,488 8 21,994 3 4,008 ments from the Pacific to the Atlantic Philippine 7 43,494 4 20,162 2 2 1,927 2 4,375 were shown for ores, wheat, nitrate, Spanish 17 72,317 6 13,795 canned food products, sugar, bananas, Swedish . ii 175,163 54 252,113 28 187,191 refrigerated food products, coffee, raw 1 8,005 cotton, and copra. Other than mineral United States 459 2,888,442 497 3,175,897 413 2,195,344 Uruguayan 1 3,924 oils, commodities with less tonnage 1 9,161 2 7,300 moved in this direction last quarter than the third quarter of the past fiscal year Total 2,057 11,070,968 2,014 10,589,290 1.386 6,362,777 were lumber, metals, barley, and wool. May 4, 1956 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 19

Governor Believes Sea-Level Waterway Plan Power Conversion Program Moving Steadily Forward Is Inevitable In Solution Of Canal Problem The power-conversion program has

(Continued from page 1) and its Safety, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Department moved steadily forward on all fronts "unless and until a sea-level canal is of the Navy, and the Atomic Energy during the past few weeks although a built." Commission. delay of about a month was necessary In discussing the future requirements The study was the most comprehensive in starting the conversion of domestic of the Canal with the Board, Governor and exhaustive ever undertaken on the equipment in Margarita because of de- Seybold reviewed briefly the success of Isthmian canal problem. The studies lays in the contractor-received materials the plan to increase the capacity of the were conducted by the Special Engineer- on order. Canal during overhaul periods by altera- ing Division with Brig. Gen. James H. The first major steps in the project on tions to the locks, which represents Phase Stratton, now a consulting engineer in the Pacific side have been taken with the

I of a two-part plan approved by the private practice, as Supervising Engineer. award of two large contracts and the Board in 1953 for increasing the Canal's Eminent Consulting Board opening of the first bids for actual con- capacity. version of frequency-sensitive equipment. The studies were conducted under the He also listed a number of improve- continuing advice of a Board of Consult- Madden Contract Awarded ment projects, generally included in Phase ants, appointed soon after they were Announcement of the award of a con- which are already in the study stage II, initiated and composed of some of the tract to the General Electric Company which would cost approximately $24,000,- most eminent engineers of the United for the conversion of the three big power 000. These include: Continuation of the States. The membership included men generators at Madden Dam was made project to widen the channel through of high reputation in the various fields late last month. Bids for this work were Gaillard Cut to 500 feet; widening Mira- of engineering. The Special Engineering opened at the end of February with Gen- flores Lake channel; removal of DeLes- Division also had the advice and coopera- eral Electric entering an offer of $708,161 sjps Island and certain other islands in tion of various other governmental agen- to convert the three 10,000-KVA units Gatun Lake; widen the Pacific entrance cies and shipping agencies. to 60-cycle current generation. channel; and cut back the west bank at The recommendations for conversion of Bids were opened last month for the the south approach to Miraflores Locks. the existing Canal to a sea-level waterway central area conversion with L. R. Som- In his statement on the sea-level canal were made after investigations were made mer entering the apparent low offer of proposal, Governor Seybold said: of 30 possible canal routes and alignments $381,512.50 of five bids received. This "During my four-year term I have through the American Isthmus from Te- work covers the conversion of all domes- become well informed on the operational hauntepec, Mexico, to the Atrato River tic, commercial, and industrial equipment problems of our present waterway, and routes on the Colombian border, and fol- in Gamboa, Summit, and Paraiso with I have had occasion to review the sea- lowing detailed studies of several differ- the exception of the two pumping sta- level canal proposal. It is my unqualified ent plans for altering the Canal but tions, the Canal lighthouse system, and conclusion that the construction of a sea- maintaining a high-level, lock-and-lake the Summit Substation which is to be across the Isthmus in the level canal type waterway. rebuilt on another contract. Canal Zone is both feasible and desirable and, in fact, inevitable. TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES Believes Project Sound The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net "I am satisfied that the recommenda- tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes: tion for a sea-level canal as proposed in Third Quarter. Fiscal Years the 1947 report is sound from an engin- eering and national-interest standpoint. 1956 1955 1938 "No doubt certain minor changes might I nited States IntercoastaL- . ______121 149 be introduced in current planning or per- 264 formance, but on the whole the 1947 pro- East Coast of U. S. and South America 562 510 145 posal was and still is sound and rational in my view. Although the 1947 estimates East Coast of U. S. and Central America 119 132 30 of cost would, of course, be increased by East Coast of U. S. and Far East _ _ 303 275 142 the general rise in costs since that date,

I am sure that substantial reductions in U. S. -Canada East Coast and Australasia _ 39 38 39 the estimates can now be made because Europe and Coast of S. of new developments and improved tech- West U. -Canada 194 217 271 niques that would be worked into the Europe and South America, ______198 161 134 plan for the performance of the work.

"I believe the sea-level project should Europe and Australasia . __ - 97 97 65 be urged from the standpoint of future All other routes. ______424 435 296 requirements and national defense. It is also opinion that further investigat- my Total Traffic _ _ _ 2,057 2,014 1.386 ing committees, as has been proposed, to review again the broad issues of alterna- S. tive locations of such a canal and other CANAL TRANSITS — COMMERCIAL AND U. GOVERNMENT possible types of interoceanic waterways Third Quarter, Fiscal Years would represent a needless waste of pub- 1956 1955 1938 lic funds." Atlantic Pacific Studies Of 1947 Isthmian to to Total Total Total The recommendation for the conversion Pacific Atlantic of the Panama Canal to a sea-level water- way was made by former Governor Jos- Commercial vessels, ocean-going 1,046 1,011 2,057 2,014 1,386 eph C. Mehaffey, based on exhaustive Small - 102 107 209 215 219 studies authorized by Congress to deter- mine the best means to meet the foresee- Total commercial. 1,148 1,118 2,266 2,229 1,605 able requirements of interoceanic com- **U. S. Government vessels, ocean- merce and meet the needs of national going . 35 28 63 65 defense. Estimates prepared in that study indicated that the project would Small ... 32 51 83 66 cost $2,500,000 and 10 years would be Total commercial and U. S. required for the work if done without 1,214 1,197 2,412 2,360 interruption to traffic during the con- struction period. Vessels under 300 net tons or 500 displacement tons. report recommendation were The and Vessels on which tolls are credited. Prior to July 1, 1951, Government-operated reviewed by, and had the concurrence of ships transited free. 1956 20 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 4, Locks Alterations Greatly Increase ^^^™ O) C Period Canal's Capacity In Overhaul KO==S»s o^^=-i transferred to the Pacific side for the 5=k Alterations made to the Gatun Locks in — — ij -n increase next overhaul. ft. as a part of the overall plan to K» =-n The overhaul at Gatun this year started the dependable capacity of the Panama -M O the first week in January when the east **|^j Canal more than fulfilled expectations OJ ~ = n chambers were emptied. The work was (A -i, during the critical operating tests under 5^ the west side after overhaul of overhaul conditions during the past four shifted to was completed, and • months. the east chambers task was overhaul of the center- The overhaul of Gatun Locks was com- the last pleted during the last week of April and wall culvert. It was found under actual operating the Canal returned to normal operations conditions that more traffic could be about three weeks ahead of the schedule handled with double culvert operation set last January. The completion ahead with one lane in service than with both (if schedule was attributed to good ad- but with single vance planning, cooperation, and coordi- sets of locks in service, culvert operation. tion. Also, it was found that the work Metal Plugs Are Placed could be advanced more rapidly under The metal plugs were placed in the the new operating conditions which per- west chamber apertures while it was still mitted closer supervision with work in empty, but those on the east side were progress on one lock wall instead of two lowered from a special barge equipped at the same time. with a crane. It was found that there Canal Traffic Booms was no leakage back into the center wall Comparative figures on the amount of culvert from about 75 percent of the PLACING METAL PLUGS in the east chamber traffic handled during the first three floor openings after the metal plugs were was done after the lock chambers were flooded after of this year and the comparable it was necessary to months the overhaul on that side. A barge equipped with a in place. However, Locks were period in 1951 when Gatun crane lifted the big stovelids down into the bottom send down a diver to caulk apertures in 300 plugs were last overhauled reveal not only the tre- of the lock chamber. A total of two of the lateral culverts because the needed at Gatun to seal off the water from the mendous increase in Canal traffic during openings were not true circles. center wall culvert. the past five years, but also the benefits This year eight of the lock gates were derived from the alterations to the removed for overhaul of pintles, bush- cylindrical valve parts to the top of the Atlantic Locks. ings, pins, and bearing plates. Other During the first quarter of the calen- wall. major work included the removal and made, it dar year 1951 there were 1,537 transits Before these alterations were overhaul of all rising-stem valves, 16 center wall by ocean-going vessels. This year there was necessary to have the of which were replaced; removal and re- were 2,121 transits during the first three culvert out of service when either side of placement of the rising stems for the This months. Daily averages for the two per- the locks were empty for overhaul. cylindrical valves; replacement of one and iods were 17 for 1950 and 26 for this year. required single culvert operation cylindrical valve; and replacement of the over- It is clearly obvious that the amount single lane traffic throughout cylindrical valve rubber seals. of traffic this year could not have been haul period. ' The overhaul this year permitted the under handled without intolerable delays Improved Operating Features first full-scale inspection of the effective- operating conditions before the altera- The new system permits double culvert ness of cathodic protection provided for tions made, since the number of years ago. Canal offi- were operation during the time when either set the lock gates five lockages possible at Gatun previously cials well pleased to find that the of locks is empty, and double lane traffic were under optimum overhaul conditions was has been highly effect- with single culvert operation while over- cathodic protection about 24 a day. result that less bitumastic haul of the center wall culvert is in prog- ive with the This year, as high as 28 lockages were was required on the exterior of ress. coating handled on two different days and days Similar alterations are to be made at gates so protected. with more lockages were frequent of Atlantic Locks 25 or Pedro Miguel and Miraflores Locks be- The overhaul the throughout the overhaul. It is estimated accomplished with an out- fore the Pacific Locks overhaul in 1958. this year was that 30 or slightly more lockages could be safety record. There were only The big metal plugs, which resemble big standing handled at Gatun under the new condi- accidents, none of a serious teapot lids and are five and a half feet seven lost-time tions, at least 30 percent more than pre- the overhaul. across which were used at Gatun, will be nature, during viously during overhaul. Ship Handling Expedited The handling of ship traffic during the past overhaul also was considerably ex- pedited by having a tug at the north end of Gatun Locks to assist vessels and by the use of relay lockages for 16 hours a day when only one lane was in service. The system of relay lockages provided for the doubling of lock operating crews, with one crew handling the ship to the middle chamber and another handling it the remainder of the lockage. The alterations to Gatun Locks, de- scribed in previous issues of The Pana- ma Canal Review, consisted chiefly in providing means of blocking off the flow of water in the lateral culverts feeding from the center wall culvert. This was done by the use of big metal plugs in the five openings in each of the lateral cul- verts from the center wall. Other alter- ations required were the sealing off of openings to the center wall culverts' near re- the bottom of the chambers for the every other row of openings in the METAL PLUGS, each 5 }4 feet in diameter, have been fitted in cylindrical valves for overhaul, feed or empty water through lateral moval of west chamber floors at Gatun. These are the apertures which these laterals the overhaul of the center and enlargement of access shafts from the culverts from the big center wall culvert. By blocking off both sides of the locks are in service. top of the wall to permit removal of all wall culvert is made while