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Polish) Lesson Plan (English) the Crisis, Reform, and Collapse of the Nobles’ Republic (Revision Class)

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Polish) Lesson Plan (English) the Crisis, Reform, and Collapse of the Nobles’ Republic (Revision Class) The Crisis, Reform, and Collapse of the Nobles’ Republic (revision class) The Crisis, Reform, and Collapse of the Nobles’ Republic (revision class) Lesson Plan (Polish) Lesson Plan (English) The Crisis, Reform, and Collapse of the Nobles’ Republic (revision class) 3rd May 1791 Constuon Source: Jan Matejko, Konstytucja 3 Maja 1791 roku, 1891, oil on canvas, domena publiczna. Link to the Lesson You will learn to describe the most important historical events of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; to list the crises that struck Poland in the eighteenth century and what attempts at reform were undertaken; to explain the historical significance of the collapse of the Polish‐Lithuanian Commonwealth. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu By the eighteenth century, the Polish‐Lithuanian political system became anachronistic. The state was becoming ever weaker. It did not pursue an active foreign policy; it was more of an object than a subject on the international stage. Due to the presence of the liberum veto, the nobility obstructed attempts at reform with ease. One deputy’s vote against a project was enough to dismiss the entire Sejm. The representatives of the nobility oftentimes accepted bribes from foreign powers that wished to keep Poland‐Lithuania weak. Russia had ever more say in the affairs of the country. When Stanisław II Augustus was elected King, some of the patriotically inclined nobles rebelled against his rule and created the Bar Confederation The part of the military that remained loyal to the King suppressed the rebellion with the aid of Russian forces. Capitalizing upon the opportunity, Russia, Austria, and Prussia conducted the First Partition of Poland in 1772. During the reign of Stanisław II Augustus, a series of reforms was implemented in order to strengthen the state. The ideas of the Enlightenment, popular in the West at the time, started gaining traction. On 3 May 1791, Poland‐Lithuania adopted its Constitution, i.e. the law regulating the state’s political system. Free election and the liberum veto were abolished. The burgess class gained political rights. War against Russia in defense of the Constitution ensued; it resulted in Poland being defeated and the law being repealed, with Russia and Prussia conducting the Second Partition of Poland in A portrait of Stanisław II Agustus 1793. This led to an uprising (insurrection) in Source: Marcello Bacciarelli, Portret Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego, 1786, oil on canvas, domena publiczna. 1794. The Polish military, joined by peasants wielding scythes (Kosynierzy), was led by Tadeusz Kościuszko, a hero of the American War of Independence. Despite the initial success against the Russians, a series of defeats followed. Kościuszko, wounded, was taken prisoner. The Russians took over Warsaw. The insurrection failed. In the wake of it, Russia, Austria and Prussia conducted the Third Partition of Poland (1795). The Polish‐Lithuanian state ceased to exist. The Commonwealth was erased from the map of Europe. The last King of the state, Stanisław II Augustus, abdicated, passing his authority onto Catherine II of Russia, then subsequently moved to Russia and died soon afterwards. Exercise 1 Mark the countries Poland was at war with in the seventeenth century. Russia Turkey (Ottoman Empire) Bohemia Sweden Exercise 2 Read the text carefully and fill the blanks. In the seventeenth century, wars were fought between Poland and Turkey. Both countries aempted to subdue .............., a small country situated on their shared border. The Poles suffered because of invasions of the ............ – a people inhabing Crimea and dependent on Turkey. On the other hand, Turkey suffered because of invasions of the ................ – free people inhabing Zaporizhia, i.e. Southern Ukraine. This caused wars between the two powers. Poland’s greatest success in those was the victory in the Bale of ............ in 1683. The Chrisan armies were led by the Polish King, ................................... Exercise 3 Indicate the countries that meddled in the weakened, defenseless Poland’s internal affairs. England France Russia Austria Spain Prussia Exercise 4 Mark the changes introduced by the Great Sejm. It introduced permanent taxes It granted noble privileges to the burgess class It introduced general election rights It abolished free election It expanded the army’s size It granted political rights to the peasants It abolished the liberum veto and introduced majority vote It granted the peasants the ownership of land Exercise 5 Mark the truthful ends to the sentence: The reform introduced by the 3rd May 1791 Constuon was not implemented, since: part of the Polish magnates did not want their introduction the reform was not necessary, therefore the Great Sejm limited it by itself an uprising led by Tadeusz Kościuszko erupted against further reform King Stanisław II Augustus protested against the reform Russia invaded Poland and led to the reform’s demise Task 1 Study the map carefully, reading the informaon it contains. The final collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place of 3 January 1795, when the representaves of Russia and Austria signed the Paron Treaty and a secret accord that spulated the final division of the Polish-Lithuanian soil between the three Paroning states. For a long me, Poland disappeared from the maps. The Parons were not only against the internaonal law of the me, but against the pacts signed by Poland and the Paroning states. This me, Poland’s neighbors did not even aempt to maintain a facade of legality. Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., Krysan Chariza i zespół, licencja: CC BY 3.0. Exercise 6 Exercise 7 Mark the truthful sentences. In the seventeenth century, Poland-Lithuania fought wars against Russia, Sweden, and Turkey. The ineptitude of the Wettin rulers was one of the causes of Poland-Lithuania’s demise. In 1764, Stanisław II Augustus rose to the throne. The Proclamation of Połaniec announced by Kościuszko limited socage. The 3rd May 1791 Constitution was the first European constitution in history. After the collapse of Poland-Lithuania, Warsaw found itself under Prussian rule. The Łazienki park in Warsaw was built during the times of Augustus III Wettin. Stanisław II Augustus was a protegee of the Prussian King. After the First Partition of Poland, Cracow found itself under Austrian rule. The Battle of Zieleńce resulted in the victory of the Russian army. The Kosynierzy were peasant cavalry units The main weapon of the Kosynierzy was the musket. Tadeusz Kościuszko was one of the authors of the 3rd May 1791 Constitution. Keywords Nobles’ Republic, crisis, reform Glossary Paron Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Partition Rozbiór – podział państwa między inne, najczęściej sąsiadujące z nim kraje. Najczęściej dokonany jest wbrew woli większości mieszkańców państwa podlegającego rozbiorowi, na drodze dyplomatycznej, bez użycia siły zbrojnej, ale jej grożącej. Constuon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Constitution Konstytucja – inaczej zwana ustawą zasadniczą. Jest to akt prawny, który najczęściej jest najważniejszym i najwyższym dokumentem stanowiącym prawo z państwie. Polska Konstytucja 3‐go Maja z 1791 roku była pierwszą w Europie i drugą, po amerykańskiej, na świecie. Confederaon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Confederation Konfederacja – zawiązywany przez szlachtę, duchowieństwo lub miasta czasowy związek zbrojny (do osiągnięcia swoich celów), którego celem była realizacja własnych postulatów. Insurrecon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Insurrection Insurekcja – dawniej powstanie zbrojne, np. insurekcja kościuszkowska. Kosynierzy Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Kosynierzy kosynierzy – oddziały piechoty wywodzące się z chłopstwa, których bronią były postawione na sztorc kosy. Najbardziej znane oddziały kosynierów walczyły w powstaniu kościuszkowskim. Ich dewizą było hasło „żywią i bronią”. Enlightenment Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Enlightenment Oświecenie – epoka w kulturze i sztuce, przypadająca na okres od połowy XVII do początku XVIII wieku, ceniąca rozum i głoszący, że ma być on drogą do poznania prawdy o świecie i człowieku. Free elecon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Free election Wolna elekcja – w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów był to wybór monarchy przez szlachtę, nieprzestrzegający zasad sukcesji dynastycznej. Pierwsza wolna elekcja miała miejsce w 1573 roku i wybrała na króla Polski Henryka Walezego. Liberum veto Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Liberum veto Liberum veto – zasada panujące na sejmach w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej dająca prawo zrywania i unieważniania podjętych na nich uchwał każdemu posłowi – przedstawicielowi szlachty. Lesson Plan (Polish) Temat: Kryzys, reformy i upadek Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej (lekcja powtórzeniowa) Adresat Uczniowie klasy VII szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa XIII. Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów w I połowie XVIII wieku. Uczeń: 1. omawia przyczyny i charakteryzuje przejawy kryzysu państwa w epoce saskiej; 2. charakteryzuje projekty reform ustrojowych Stanisława Leszczyńskiego i Stanisława Konarskiego; 3. omawia zjawiska świadczące o postępie gospodarczym, rozwoju kultury i oświaty; 4. ocenia pozycję międzynarodową Rzeczypospolitej w czasach saskich. XVI. Rzeczpospolita w dobie stanisławowskiej. Uczeń: 1. podaje przykłady naprawy państwa za panowania
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