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Deformità Fisica E Identità Della Persona Tra Medioevo Ed Età Moderna

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Deformità Fisica E Identità Della Persona Tra Medioevo Ed Età Moderna CENTRO DI STUDI SULLA CIVILTÀ DEL TARDO MEDIOEVO SAN MINIATO Collana di Studi e Ricerche 14 DEFORMITA’ FISICA E IDENTITA’ DELLA PERSONA TRA MEDIOEVO ED ETA’ MODERNA Atti del XIV Convegno di studi organizzato dal Centro di studi sulla civiltà del tardo medioevo San Miniato 21-23 settembre 2012 a cura di GIAN MARIA VARANINI Firenze University Press 2015 Deformità fi sica e identità della persona tra medioevo ed età moderna : atti del XIV Convegno di studi organizzato dal Centro di studi sulla civiltà del tardo medioevo : san Miniato 21-23 settembre 2012 / a cura di Gian Maria Varanini. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2015. (Collana di Studi e Ricerche ; 14) http://digital.casalini.it/9788866558460 ISBN 978-88-6655-845-3 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-846-0 (online PDF) ISBN 978-88-6655-847-7 (online EPUB) Progetto grafi co di Pagina Maestra snc Pubblicazione realizzata con il contributo di: Comune di San Miniato Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di San Miniato In copertina: Uno storpio in cerca di guarigione, Arca di san Nazario (sec. XIV; Capodistria, Cattedrale), fotografi a di Silvia D’Ambrosio. Certifi cazione scientifi ca delle Opere Tutti i volumi pubblicati sono soggetti ad un processo di referaggio esterno di cui sono responsabili il Consiglio editoriale della FUP e i Consigli scientifi ci delle singole collane. Le opere pubblicate nel catalogo della FUP sono valutate e approvate dal Consiglio editoriale della casa editrice. Per una descrizione più analitica del processo di referaggio si rimanda ai documenti uffi ciali pubblicati sul catalogo on-line della casa editrice (www.fupress.com). Consiglio editoriale Firenze University Press G. Nigro (Coordinatore), M.T. Bartoli, M. Boddi, R. Casalbuoni, C. Ciappei, R. Del Punta, A. Dolfi , V. Fargion, S. Ferrone, M. Garzaniti, P. Guarnieri, A. Mariani, M. Marini, A. Novelli, M.C. Torricelli, M. Verga, A. Zorzi. © 2015 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Borgo Albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy www.fupress.com Printed in Italy COMITATO SCIENTIFICO Presidente ANDREA ZORZI Membri: SANDRO CAROCCI, GIORGIO CHITTOLINI, FRANCO FRANCESCHI, ISABELLA GAGLIARDI, MICHELE PELLEGRINI, GIUSEPPE PETRALIA, GABRIELLA PICCINNI, ALMA POLONI, MAURO RONZANI, FRANCESCO SALVESTRINI, FRANCESCO SENATORE, GIAN MARIA VARANINI CONSIGLIO DI AMMINISTRAZIONE Presidente LAURA BALDINI Membri: LOREDANO ARZILLI, FRANCESCO BANCHELLI, LUANA MAZZONCINI COLLEGIO SINDACALE Presidente CLAUDIO RICCI Membri: RICCARDO BARTOLOMMEI, MERI GATTARI DIRETTORE ANDREA BROTINI NOTA DEL CURATORE Con viva soddisfazione licenzio gli atti di questo convegno (che pur escono con qualche ritardo, e privi di alcune delle relazioni lette in sede di convegno, come non di rado accade in circostanze simili), nella doppia veste di curatore scientifico e di Past-President del comi- tato scientifico del Centro di studi sul tardo medioevo. Ancora una volta, infatti, la disponibilità delle istituzioni locali che sostengono il Centro di studi, nonostante i problemi connessi alla congiuntura economica e alla conseguente carenza di risorse, e l’affet- to che la comunità degli studiosi nutre per questa istituzione cultura- le, hanno consentito di superare – negli scorsi mesi – un momento di difficoltà. L’attività del Centro ha potuto così ripartire su basi in par- te diverse rispetto al passato, cercando un più stretto rapporto con il territorio, che pone oggi anche al mondo della ricerca storica, univer- sitaria e non solo, domande nuove. Ma naturalmente il primo passo di questa nuova fase della vita del Centro Studi è stato quello di onorare gli impegni presi, e di procedere dunque alla pubblicazione degli atti del convegno del 2012. Negli anni nei quali ho presieduto il comitato scientifico (2006- 2015), oltre a proseguire nel solco – tracciato dai miei predecessori – di attenzione alla storia politica, istituzionale e sociale del tardo medioevo italiano ed europeo, d’intesa con i colleghi ho anche cercato di propor- re tematiche relativamente meno frequentate dalla tradizione storio- grafica italiana. Dopo il convegno del 2004 che riprendeva (dopo un lungo lasso di tempo) il tema della morte e dei riti connessi alla morte nella società tardomedievale italiana, si è pertanto trattato, nel 2008, di storia dell’ambiente e di catastrofi naturali; e a provvisoria conclusio- ne di questa fase, il convegno del 2012 è stato dedicato alla storia del corpo – dei suoi limiti, delle sue mutilazioni, delle sue modificazioni. Non entro nel merito delle relazioni qui pubblicate, rinviando al- la magistrale introduzione proposta in apertura da un grande maestro della ricerca medievistica come Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, che ha Gian Maria Varanini (a cura di), Deformità fisica e identità della persona tra medioevo ed età moderna. Atti del XIV Convegno di studi organizzato dal Centro di studi sulla civiltà del tardo medioevo. San Miniato 21-23 settembre 2012, ISBN 978-88-6655-845-3 (print) ISBN 978- 88-6655-846-0 (online PDF) ISBN 978-88-6655-847-7 (online EPUB) © 2015 Firenze University Press VIII GIAN MARIA VARANINI portato la storia del corpo all’attenzione della storiografia europea. L’auspicio è, comunque, che la riflessione storica possa contribuire, anche al di fuori della cerchia degli specialisti, a una maggiore consa- pevolezza a proposito di queste tematiche così attuali. Gian Maria Varanini AGOSTINO PARAVICINI BAGLIANI SISMEL, FIRENZE INTRODUZIONE Vorrei ringraziare Gian Maria Varanini per avermi chiesto di col- laborare all’organizzazione di un Convegno internazionale di Studi di San Miniato sul tema Deformità fisica e identità della persona tra Medio- evo ed età moderna, perché il suo invito mi ha permesso di continuare a riflettere su tematiche di storia del corpo che avevamo affrontato nel convegno di Micrologus. Nature, Sciences and Medieval Societies – Fi- nis corporis. Eccedenze, protuberanze, estremità nei corpi –, svoltosi nel 2009 a Lugano presso l’Istituto di Studi Italiani dell’Università della Svizzera Italiana, e pubblicato nel 2012 con il titolo Estremità e Escre- scenze dei corpi / Extremities and Excrescences of the Body1. 1 Estremità ed Escrescenze dei corpi / Extremities and Excrescences of the Body = Micrologus. Nature, Sciences and Medieval Societies, 20 (2012), pp. XVI-510: A. PARAVICINI BAGLIANI, Introduction, pp. VII-XX; M. PASTOUREAU, Les cornes, les poils, les oreilles et la queue. Sedéguiser en animal dans l’Occident médiéval, pp. 32-34; P.-O. DITTMAR, Les corps sans fins. Extensions animales et végétales dans les marges de la représentation (XIIIe-XIVe siècle), pp. 25-42; D. BOHLER, Morphologies humaines au chaos: poils, cornes et appendices dans la litterature narrative et norma- tive du Moyen Âge, pp. 43-61; C. BOLOGNA, Bernoccoli e altre protuberanze spirituali, pp. 63-86; F. SANTI, Mantelli, penne e astuti piumati. Coprire le protuberanze ed esibirle nella storia del potere (sec. XII-XVI), pp. 87-108; F. SIVO, Corpus infame, pp. 109-90; C.F. CLAMOTE CARRETO, Anatomie de la différence. Le corps déréglé et les outrances de l’écriture épique (XIIe-XIIIe siècles), pp. 191-222; D. ALEXANDRE-BIDON, Enflures et boursouflures. L’obésité au Moyen Âge, pp. 223- 237; P. SAVY, Les attributs chimériques de peuples réels. Queue des Anglais et queue des Juifs au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne, pp. 239-256; I. SABBATINI, Finis corporis initium animae. La qua- lità morale del nemico nella rappresentazione del corpo tra epica crociata e odeporica di pellegrinaggio, pp. 257-291; P. SILANOS, The Depositio of Beanus. Horns, Teeth and other Bulges in an Initiation Ceremony in German area (XV century), pp. 293-321; L. CANETTI, «Facendosi fare di cera». Un’euristica dell’eccedenza e della somiglianza tra Medioevo ed Età moderna, pp. 323-356; B. FRICKE, Tracce di sangue e ‘finis corporis’. Sulla genesi della vita, nel Quattrocento. Riflessioni sull’Uomo di dolori di Albrecht Dürer, pp. 353-380; O. NIccOLI, Capi e corpi mostruosi. Una immagine della crisi del potere agli inizi dell’età moderna, pp. 381-400; B. SCHWARZ, Hæc non sunt bona pre- Gian Maria Varanini (a cura di), Deformità fisica e identità della persona tra medioevo ed età moderna. Atti del XIV Convegno di studi organizzato dal Centro di studi sulla civiltà del tardo medioevo. San Miniato 21-23 settembre 2012, ISBN 978-88-6655-845-3 (print) ISBN 978- 88-6655-846-0 (online PDF) ISBN 978-88-6655-847-7 (online EPUB) © 2015 Firenze University Press X AGOSTINO PARAVICINI BAGLIANI Questo nuovo Convegno internazionale di Studi di San Miniato giunge quindi in un momento di particolare interesse per molti di noi che abbiamo preso parte anche al convegno di Lugano, proprio perché ci offre la possibilità di prolungare e completare temi e problemi di storia del corpo che sono inscindibili da una ricerca di storia culturale e sociale. Il convegno su Estremità ed escrescenze dei corpi – che era stato preceduto da incontri su temi di storia del corpo come la visione, il ca- davere, i cinque sensi, il cuore, la pelle umana, il corpo e la parure, ed anche alchimia e medicina, il sangue, il ritratto, l’eredità, il piacere e il dolore, la vita longa e così via2 – ha posto un problema di storia del corpo in chiave trasversale e in una prospettiva di natura sociale dell’i- dentità. Ma anche il nostro convegno è stato pensato in modo trasver- sale, affinché fosse possibile studiare il grande problema storico della diformità fisica da angoli visuali diversi, che risultano ora inquadrati in cinque grandi temi, dalla legge alla morale, dalla natura all’alterità e all’ordine, compreso quello politico. Paolo Ostinelli inaugura una sezione importante, relativa alla nor- mativa che egli studia in ambito canonistico. Il defectus corporis come sagia. I mostri nei fogli volanti della Wickiana, pp. 401-410; J. WIRTH, L’iconographie médiévale du pied, pp. 411-432; TH. GOLSENNE, Les miracles de la peau. Figures de l’Incarnation dans les arts visuels (XIVe-XVIe siècles), pp. 433-450; V.I. STOICHITA, «La seconde peau».
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