An Annotated List of the Chamaemyiidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata) of Turkey with New Records and Additional Data
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Appendix a Table A.1. Information About Sampling and Management
Appendix A Table A.1. Information about sampling and management types of the organic olive orchards. Orchard ID Type Year Month Sampling Locality DG1 Tilled 2011 6 1 Granada ON Tilled 2011 6 1 Deifontes DG2 Mowed 2011 6 1 Granada ODM Mowed 2011 6 1 Deifontes DG1 Tilled 2011 7 2 Granada ON Tilled 2011 7 2 Deifontes DG2 Mowed 2011 7 2 Granada ODM Mowed 2011 7 2 Deifontes DGA1 Tilled 2012 6 1 Granada DGB1 Tilled 2012 6 1 Granada ONA Tilled 2012 6 1 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2012 6 1 Deifontes ODM Mowed 2012 6 1 Deifontes DGA1 Tilled 2012 7 2 Granada DGB1 Tilled 2012 7 2 Granada ONA Tilled 2012 7 2 Deifontes ODM Mowed 2012 7 2 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2012 7 2 Deifontes DG1A Tilled 2013 6 1 Granada DG1B Tilled 2013 6 1 Granada DG3A Mowed 2013 6 1 Granada DG3B Mowed 2013 6 1 Granada ODM Mowed 2013 6 1 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2013 6 1 Deifontes ONA Mowed 2013 6 1 Deifontes DG1A Tilled 2013 7 2 Granada DG1B Tilled 2013 7 2 Granada DG3B Mowed 2013 7 2 Granada DG3A Mowed 2013 7 2 Granada ODM Mowed 2013 7 2 Deifontes ONA Mowed 2013 7 2 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2013 7 2 Deifontes Table A.2. Summary and formula* of the fitted generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) with nested random effects fit by maximum likelihood with Laplace Approximation, including egg predation, type of management, and abundance of natural enemies (package “lme4”). Estimated Variable Variance SD coefficient SE z p Fixed effects: Intercept 4.723 0.3980 11.86 0.001 Management (tilled and mowed) 1.127 0.5299 2.12 0.033 Natural enemy 0.0002 0.00009 2.41 0.015 Random effects: Year : Site 1.100 1.049 * glmer (predated.eggs ~ management + natural.enemies + (1 | annual / ID), family = poisson) Table A.3. -
Diptera Chamaemyiidae), an Overlooked Family of Biological Control Agents
Bulletin of Insectology 68 (2): 173-180, 2015 ISSN 1721-8861 Seasonal habits of predation and prey range in aphidophagous silver flies (Diptera Chamaemyiidae), an overlooked family of biological control agents 1 2 3 1 4 2 Serdar SATAR , Alfio RASPI , Işıl ÖZDEMIR , Adnan TUSUN , Mehmet KARACAOĞLU , Giovanni BENELLI 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, Turkey 2Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Insect Behaviour Group, University of Pisa, Italy 3Plant Health Central Research Institute, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey 4Biological Control Research Station, Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey Abstract Aphids are among the most widespread and serious groups of pests in agro-ecosystems, and predaceous arthropods have been proposed as biological control agents against them, including parasitic Hymenoptera, lacewings, ladybugs, hoverflies and silver flies (Diptera Chamaemyiidae). Chamaemyiidae is a small family of predaceous flies, including aphidophagous and coccido- phagous species. Little is known about their ecology, and partial failures of Chamaemyiidae-based biological control programs against aphids may be due to poor synchronization of predator-prey seasonal habits. In this study, we investigated seasonality of predation and prey range of aphidophagous Chamaemyiidae. A field survey was conducted on crops and indigenous flora in seven agricultural sites in southern Turkey. Seventeen host plant families were surveyed for Chamaemyiidae presence and 371 silver flies were studied. All Chamaemyiidae larvae were observed to prey on adult and young instar aphids in the field. Silver fly total larval abundance reached a maximum in autumn and early winter. Six species were identified: Leucopis annulipes, L. formosana, L. glyphinivora, L. revisenda, L. rufithorax and L. -
Notable Invertebrates Associated with Fens
Notable invertebrates associated with fens Molluscs (Mollusca) Vertigo moulinsiana BAP Priority RDB3 Vertigo angustior BAP Priority RDB1 Oxyloma sarsi RDB2 Spiders and allies (Arachnida:Araeae/Pseudoscorpiones) Clubiona rosserae BAP Priority RDB1 Dolomedes plantarius BAP Priority RDB1 Baryphyma gowerense RDBK Carorita paludosa RDB2 Centromerus semiater RDB2 Clubiona juvensis RDB2 Enoplognatha tecta RDB1 Hypsosinga heri RDB1 Neon valentulus RDB2 Pardosa paludicola RDB3 Robertus insignis RDB1 Zora armillata RDB3 Agraecina striata Nb Crustulina sticta Nb Diplocephalus protuberans Nb Donacochara speciosa Na Entelecara omissa Na Erigone welchi Na Gongylidiellum murcidum Nb Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata Na Hypomma fulvum Na Maro sublestus Nb Marpissa radiata Na Maso gallicus Na Myrmarachne formicaria Nb Notioscopus sarcinatus Nb Porrhomma oblitum Nb Saloca diceros Nb Sitticus caricis Nb Synageles venator Na Theridiosoma gemmosum Nb Woodlice (Isopoda) Trichoniscoides albidus Nb Stoneflies (Plecoptera) Nemoura dubitans pNotable Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata ) Aeshna isosceles RDB 1 Lestes dryas RDB2 Libellula fulva RDB 3 Ceriagrion tenellum N Grasshoppers, crickets, earwigs & cockroaches (Orthoptera/Dermaptera/Dictyoptera) Stethophyma grossum BAP Priority RDB2 Now extinct on Fenland but re-introduction to undrained Fenland habitats is envisaged as part of the Species Recovery Plan. Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa BAP Priority RDB1 (May be extinct on Fenland sites, but was once common enough on Fenland to earn the local vernacular name of ‘Fen-cricket’.) -
Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2. -
Diptera Chamaemyiidae) Described by Camillo Rondani: a Revision of Eight Silver Fly Species
Bulletin of Insectology 69 (2): 199-219, 2016 ISSN 1721-8861 On the identity of Leucopis (Diptera Chamaemyiidae) described by Camillo Rondani: a revision of eight silver fly species Alfio RASPI, Giovanni BENELLI Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy Abstract The dipterologist Camillo Rondani described a wide number of new Diptera species, including 12 species of silver flies (Diptera Chamaemyiidae). The first Rondani description of Chamaemyiidae was carried out in 1847 in his research “Osservazioni sopra parecchie specie di esapodi afidicidi e sui loro nemici”. Among them, Ochtiphila obscuripes Rondani 1875 was considered by Czerny (1936) synonymous of Chamaemyia geniculata (Zetterstedt 1838). Later on, Raspi shed light on the identity of Leucopis palumbii Rondani 1872 (Raspi, 1983b; 1988); Leucopis bursaria Rondani 1848 (Raspi, 2003) and Ochtiphila frontella Rondani 1875 (Raspi, 2006). In this research, the identity of the other Leucopis species described by Rondani is estabilished. The valid species are Leucopis (Leucopis) aphidivora Rondani 1847, of which Leucopis fiorii Raspi 1986 is a new synonym; Leucopis (Leucopis) aphidiperda Rondani 1848; Leucopis (Leucopis) misaphida Rondani 1848; Leucopis (Leucopis) minuscula Rondani 1875; Leucopis (Leucopis) talaria Rondani 1875; Leucopomyia palliditarsis (Rondani 1875), of which Leucopis alticeps Czerny 1936 is a new synonym. Leucopis (Leucopis) armillata Rondani 1875 is a new synonym of Leucopis palumbii Rondani 1872, and Leucopis ballestrerii Rondani 1875 is a new synonym of Leucopomyia silesiaca (Egger 1862). Overall, concerning the twelve species of Chamaemyiidae described by Camillo Rondani, nine of them are still considered valid species. This study adds basic knowledge to silver fly systematics and has helpful implications concerning Chamaemyiidae-based biological control programs. -
When and Why Top-Down Regulation Fails in Arthropod Predator-Prey Systems
Basic Appl. Ecol. 2, 333–340 (2001) © Urban & Fischer Verlag Basic and Applied Ecology http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/baecol When and why top-down regulation fails in arthropod predator-prey systems Pavel Kindlmann1,*, Anthony F. G. Dixon2 1 Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Czech Academy of Sciences,Ceské ˇ Budejovice, ˇ Czech Republic 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received May 1, 2001 · Accepted July 25, 2001 Abstract The existence of top-down regulation in predator-prey models is a result of the functional and numerical responses included in the model. Examples are given of arthropod predator-prey systems where functional and numerical responses may be irrelevant for the system dynamics, or relevant for only a part of the population. It is argued that there are advantages in using a patch dynamics approach, when describing the feeding and oviposition behaviour of adult predators. This leads to predictions that in arthropod predator-prey systems, in which the predator has a long generation time relative to that of its prey, predator reproduction should be correlated with the age of a prey patch rather than the number of prey present, and top-down regulation does not occur. The predictions are tested against data for various species of aphids, coccids, mites, mosquitoes and their predators and the effectiveness of different species in biological control. In Räuber-Beute-Modellen ist das Vorhandensein einer „top-down“-Regulation das Ergebnis der funktionellen und numerischen Reaktionen, die in dem Modell enthalten sind. Es werden Beispiele von Räuber-Beute-Systemen angeführt, in denen die funktionellen und numerischen Antworten für die Dynamik der Systeme unbedeutend sein können, oder nur für einen Teil der Population von Bedeutung sind. -
Phragmites Australis
Journal of Ecology 2017, 105, 1123–1162 doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12797 BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE BRITISH ISLES* No. 283 List Vasc. PI. Br. Isles (1992) no. 153, 64,1 Biological Flora of the British Isles: Phragmites australis Jasmin G. Packer†,1,2,3, Laura A. Meyerson4, Hana Skalov a5, Petr Pysek 5,6,7 and Christoph Kueffer3,7 1Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; 3Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich,€ Switzerland; 4University of Rhode Island, Natural Resources Science, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; 5Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243, Pruhonice, Czech Republic; 6Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic; and 7Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa Summary 1. This account presents comprehensive information on the biology of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (P. communis Trin.; common reed) that is relevant to understanding its ecological char- acteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biologi- cal Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors and to the abiotic environment, plant structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and diseases, as well as history including invasive spread in other regions, and conservation. 2. Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan species native to the British flora and widespread in lowland habitats throughout, from the Shetland archipelago to southern England. -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 384–396 & 2012 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/12 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bacteriocyte-associated gammaproteobacterial symbionts of the Adelges nordmannianae/piceae complex (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Elena R Toenshoff1, Thomas Penz1, Thomas Narzt2, Astrid Collingro1, Stephan Schmitz-Esser1,3, Stefan Pfeiffer1, Waltraud Klepal2, Michael Wagner1, Thomas Weinmaier4, Thomas Rattei4 and Matthias Horn1 1Department of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 2Core Facility, Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 3Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria and 4Department of Computational Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Adelgids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae) are known as severe pests of various conifers in North America, Canada, Europe and Asia. Here, we present the first molecular identification of bacteriocyte-associated symbionts in these plant sap-sucking insects. Three geographically distant populations of members of the Adelges nordmannianae/piceae complex, identified based on coI and ef1alpha gene sequences, were investigated. Electron and light microscopy revealed two morphologically different endosymbionts, coccoid or polymorphic, which are located in distinct bacteriocytes. Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences assigned both symbionts to novel lineages within the Gammaproteobacteria sharing o92% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with each other and showing no close relationship with known symbionts of insects. Their identity and intracellular location were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the names ‘Candidatus Steffania adelgidicola’ and ‘Candidatus Ecksteinia adelgidicola’ are proposed for tentative classification. -
Risks from Unknown Quarantine Organisms Posed by The
Recommendation of a Pathway Approach for Regulation of Plants for Planting A Concept Paper from the IUFRO Unit on Alien Invasive Species and International Trade* Issue: A Pathway Approach Is Needed Many forest pests have been introduced into new locations on plants for planting. Mounting scientific evidence suggests that the current pest-by-pest regulatory approach and reliance on inspection to detect pests is untenable in today’s global marketplace. Much recent experience demonstrates the need to curtail the introduction of plant pests that are present in an exporting territory but not yet known to science. Therefore, the forest entomology and pathology science community recommends a pathway approach to regulating nursery stock, similar to that adopted for wood packaging material (WPM). Best management practices effective at preventing known pests will significantly reduce the risk of introducing unknown pests as well. Introduction and Scope There are three problems with the current phytosanitary regulatory approach: 1) It relies on inspection, but the volume of world trade has expanded far beyond inspection capacity. 2) It focuses on addressing the risks associated with known quarantine organisms, but most pests introduced on plants for planting are previously unknown or unpredictably aggressive pests. 3) Article VI.2 of the IPPC prohibits requiring phytosanitary measures against unregulated pests. The limitations of current measures were accepted long ago to prevent the misuse of phytosanitary concerns as artificial barriers to trade. In the ensuing years, however, it has become evident that WPM and plants for planting routinely provide pathways for unanticipated pests. With the adoption of ISPM-15 (FAO, 2002), the exchange of known and unknown pests via WPM has been significantly reduced. -
Implementation and Status of Biological Control of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control IMPLEMENTATION AND STAtuS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTRol OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY AdelgId United States Forest Forest Health FHTET-2011-04 Department Service Technology December 2011 of Agriculture Enterprise Team Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control IMPLEMENTATION AND STAtuS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTRol OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY AdelgId United States Forest Forest Health FHTET-2011-04 Department Service Technology December 2011 of Agriculture Enterprise Team IMPLEMENTATION AND STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Center photo: Hemlock woolly adelgid white woolly masses on a hemlock branch (USDA Forest Service, Karen Felton) Top right: Sasajiscymnus tsugae predatory beetle (USDA Forest Service, Lynn Jones); Middle right: Collecting and checking hemlock branch samples for Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetle larvae (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Bottom center: Collecting Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetles in Idaho (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Middle left: Releasing Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetles (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Top left: Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetle (USDA Forest Service, Lynn Jones) For additional copies of this publication, contact: Brad Onken Richard Reardon U.S. Forest Service U.S. Forest Service 180 Canfi eld Street 180 Canfi eld Street Morgantown, WV 26505 Morgantown, WV 26505 (304) 285-1546 (304) 285-1566 [email protected] [email protected] The entire publication is available online at http://www.fs.fed.us/na/morgantown/fhp/hwa The U.S. -
Diptera), with Particular Reference to the Fauna of Switzerland
Contribution to the knowledge of the Chamaemyiidae (Diptera), with particular reference to the fauna of Switzerland Autor(en): Beschovski, Venelin L. / Merz, Bernhard Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse = Journal of the Swiss Entomological Society Band (Jahr): 71 (1998) Heft 1-2 PDF erstellt am: 05.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-402699 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch MITTEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ENTOMOLOGIQUE SUISSE 71,83- 106, 1998 Contribution to the knowledge of the Chamaemyiidae (Diptera), with particular reference to the fauna of Switzerland Venelin L.