Appendix A

Table A.1. Information about sampling and management types of the organic olive orchards.

Orchard ID Type Year Month Sampling Locality

DG1 Tilled 2011 6 1 Granada ON Tilled 2011 6 1 Deifontes DG2 Mowed 2011 6 1 Granada ODM Mowed 2011 6 1 Deifontes DG1 Tilled 2011 7 2 Granada ON Tilled 2011 7 2 Deifontes DG2 Mowed 2011 7 2 Granada ODM Mowed 2011 7 2 Deifontes

DGA1 Tilled 2012 6 1 Granada DGB1 Tilled 2012 6 1 Granada ONA Tilled 2012 6 1 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2012 6 1 Deifontes ODM Mowed 2012 6 1 Deifontes DGA1 Tilled 2012 7 2 Granada DGB1 Tilled 2012 7 2 Granada ONA Tilled 2012 7 2 Deifontes ODM Mowed 2012 7 2 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2012 7 2 Deifontes

DG1A Tilled 2013 6 1 Granada DG1B Tilled 2013 6 1 Granada DG3A Mowed 2013 6 1 Granada DG3B Mowed 2013 6 1 Granada ODM Mowed 2013 6 1 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2013 6 1 Deifontes ONA Mowed 2013 6 1 Deifontes DG1A Tilled 2013 7 2 Granada DG1B Tilled 2013 7 2 Granada DG3B Mowed 2013 7 2 Granada DG3A Mowed 2013 7 2 Granada ODM Mowed 2013 7 2 Deifontes ONA Mowed 2013 7 2 Deifontes ONB Mowed 2013 7 2 Deifontes

Table A.2. Summary and formula* of the fitted generalized linear mixed-effects model

(GLMM) with nested random effects fit by maximum likelihood with Laplace

Approximation, including egg , type of management, and abundance of natural enemies (package “lme4”).

Estimated Variable Variance SD coefficient SE z p

Fixed effects: Intercept 4.723 0.3980 11.86 0.001 Management (tilled and mowed) 1.127 0.5299 2.12 0.033 Natural enemy 0.0002 0.00009 2.41 0.015

Random effects: Year : Site 1.100 1.049

* glmer (predated.eggs ~ management + natural.enemies + (1 | annual / ID), family = poisson)

Table A.3. R scrip for the NMDS with smooth surfaces (package “vegan”)

——— # weighted scores (NMDS) >vare.dist <- vegdist(wisconsin(sqrt(data1[, 2:37]))) >vare.mds <- monoMDS(vare.dist) >vare.points <- postMDS(vare.mds$points, vare.dist) >vare.wa <- wascores(vare.points, data1[, 2:37]) >plot (scores(vare.points), pch="+", col=0, ylab="NMDS Axis 2", xlab="NMDS Axis 1", ylim=c(-0.6,0.6), xlim=c(-0.6,0.6)) >text (vare.wa, rownames(vare.wa), cex=0.8)

——— #NMDS > ord<-metaMDS(data1[,2:37])

——— #smooth surface > ordisurf(ord, predated.eggs, add=TRUE)

> ordisurf(ord, Prays, add=TRUE, data=d2, col=1) Table A.4. Taxa and guild information about the different present in the olive orchards.

Name Guild Literature Arachnida Araneae Araneidae Predator Foelix, 2011 Corinnidae Predator Chen et al., 2010 Linyphiidae Predator Foelix, 2011 Liocranidae Predator Alp et al., 2013 Oxyopidae Predator Turner, 1979; Morente et al., 2018 Philodromidae Predator Guseinov, 2002; Morente et al., 2018 Salticidae Predator Paredes et al., 2015; Morente et al., 2018 Theridiidae Predator Hódar & Sánches-Piñero, 2002 Thomisidae Predator Paredes et al., 2015; Morente et al., 2018 Uloboridae Predator Foelix, 2011 Insecta Coleoptera Cantharidae Predator Flint et al., 1998; Morente et al., 2018

Carabidae Predator Forsythe, 1982 Evans, 2009; Magro and Hempitinne, 1999; Morente et al., Coccinelidae Predator 2018 Malachiidae Predator Sabelis and Van Rijn, 1997 Staphylinidae Predator Arnett et al., 2002; Morente et al., 2018 Dermaptera Forficulidae Omnivore Cañellas et al., 2005 Diptera Asilidae Predator Carles-Tolrá, 2016 Empididae Predator Downes & Smith, 1969 Hemiptera Anthocoridae Predator Morris et al., 1999; Morente et al., 2018 Predator Lygaeidae Burdfield-Steel and Shuker, 2014 (facultative) Miridae Predator Paredes et al., 2013; Morente et al., 2018 Nabidae Predator Cabello et al., 2009 Reduviidae Predator McMahan, 1983 Hymenoptera Braconidae Parasitoid Barrientos, 2004; Morente et al., 2018 Elasmidae Parasitoid Barrientos, 2004; Villa et al., 2016; Morente et al., 2018 Encyrtidae Parasitoid Barrientos, 2004; Villa et al., 2016; Morente et al., 2018 Eulophidae Parasitoid Barrientos, 2004; Morente et al., 2018 Moreno-Ripoll et al., 2012; Bristow, 1984; Tinaut et al. Formicidae Omnivore 2009; Morente et al., 2018 Ichneumonidae Parasitoid Yu, 2005; Morente et al., 2018 Pteromalidae Parasitoid Barrientos, 2004; Morente et al., 2018 Scelionidae Parasitoid Alrouechdi and Panis, 1981 Lepidoptera Prays oleae Alvarado, 2004; Morente et al., 2018 Mantodea Mantidae Predator Gullan and Cranston, 2010 Limburg and Rosenheim, 2001; Solomon et al. 2000; Neuroptera Chrysopidae Predator Morente et al., 2018 Coniopterygidae Predator Solomon et al. 2000; Morente et al., 2018 Raphidioptera Raphidiidae Predator Aspöck, 2002 Thysanoptera Aeolothripidae Predator Torres, 2007; Morente et al., 2018

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