© Zoological Institute, St.Petersburg, 2002
Studieson Nearctic species of Leucopis(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). I. The redescription ofNearcticLeucopis published before 1965
V.N. Tanasijtshuk
Tanasijtshuk, V.N. 2002. Studies on Nearctic species of leucopis (Diptera: Chamae myiidae). I. The redescription ofNearctic Leucopispublished before1965. Zoosystematica Rossica, 11(1): 193-207.
Revision ofNearctic types of Leucopis (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae) described before 1965 was realised. Types and corresponding materials were studied for the followingspecies: L. americana Malloch, 1921; L. atr!faciesAldrich, 1925; L.flavicornisAldrich, 1914; L. maculata Thompson, 191 0; L. major Malloch, 1921; L. minor Malloch, 1921; L. para/le/a Malloch, 1921; L. pemphigae Malloch, 1921; L. piniperda Malloch, 1921; L. simplex Loew, 1869.
V.N. Tanasijtshuk, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. I, St.Petersburg 199034, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction of many species using females are doomed to be uncertain until some clearly defined criteria are The species of LeucopisMeigen (Diptera: Cha developed and identifiedwith particular species maemyiidae) whose larvae prey on Aphidae and whose male was correctly described. Further Coccidae, as well as Psyllidae (Stevenson, 1967; more, a male ho lotype with femalepara types ( or McLean, 1998), play a very important role in vice versa) quite often belong to different spe many biocenoses. However studies of this group cies. have been uneven in different regions. Almost I intend to publish a series of articles on Nearc 70 species of this genus are known from the tic Leucopis; this one is devoted to species, which Palaearctic, but less than 20 species were de were published before the work of McAlpine scribed from the Nearctic (McAlpine, 1965, (1965) published in "A catalog of the Diptera of 1977, 1978; Tanasijtshuk, 1996), not all of which America north of Mexico". This date was cho currently belong to this genus. This can be ex sen because descriptions published later were plained by the fact that determination of most typically carried out in more detail with draw species of Leucopis by external morphological ings of the male genitalia. features is almost impossible because of their uniformity. Therefore, a description of one spe Material and methods cies can be similar to ten others ( of course there are some species with distinctive features that During my stay in the USA in 1992, I visited are easy to determine), so most species can be the collection of the Museum of Comparative determined only by preparation of the male geni Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ), where I talia. Similar determination using female ter studied the type of Leucopis simplex Loew. While minalia is not well developed at the moment, but in Canada in 1994, I studied the vast collection has potential, as demonstrated by Raspi (1985, of Leucopis in the Canadian National Collection 1986, 1990, 1996), Raspi & Bertolini (1993), oflnsects, Ottawa (CNC); Dr. J.F. McAlpine gave Beschovski (1995), and Beschovski & Merz me his draft manuscripts about Leucopis includ (1998). However a female, even if collected and ing the species he has studied. These manuscripts reared on the same aphids as species X, can be included a key using external morphology, but long to species Y; the exceptions are mono without genitalic structure. Then I worked for phagous species, species clearly definable on three months with the collections of Leucopis in external appearance, and species reared in cul the National Museum of Natural History, Wash ture from known parents by methods described ington (NMNH) and the Illinois Natural History by Gaimari & Turner(1997). So, determinations Survey, Urbana (INHS). I received also a series 194 VN. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species of leucopis. I • ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol. 11
of type specimens from Dr. W. Pulawski, Cali without head), with the same label "46568". According fornia Academy of Sciences (CAS). Besides to records at !NHS, label "46568" means "Diptera de these, some materials were studied in the collec stroying aphids; Evanston, Ill. May 15 , 1912. D.K. McMillan". tion of CSIRO (Canberra, Australia) and the Description. Female. Body length 2.1-2.2 mm. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Body light grey. Head 1.5-1.6 times as high as Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZIN). In total I studied long. Frons 2.7-2.8 times narrower than head. more than 2000 specimens. Ocellar plate weakly marked; frontalstripe dark After returning to St.Petersburg, I received a grey, with two dark brown stripes on its side. OT significant portion (more than 700 specimens) index 1.6. Lunule medium-sized. Antenna and of the collections of Leucopis belonging to CNC arista black, 3rd aristomere three times longer and NMNH, providing the framework of t�is than 2nd. Gena height 4 times less than eye study to be greatly expanded. As Dr. McAlpme height. Minute bristles, arranged in one sparse (personal communication) assumed, it appears row, present on gena; anterior bristle largest. rather extensive. Lateral stripes of mesonotum goldish brown, ex McAlpine (1965) enumerated 15 species of tending to distal 1/4 of mesonotum. Median Leucopis ( then a subgenus of Leucopis) that were stripes grey. Areas between stripesdevoid of bris described from the Nearctic and one from the tles over 2/3 of mesonotum. Two pairs of dorso northernNeotropics (Cuba). Five of them (bella central bristles present. Legs black; apices offe Loew, 1866, bellula Williston, 1889, bivittata mora and bases of tibiae yellow; on forelegs tarsi Malloch, 1940, ocellaris Malloch, 1940 and ver nearly entirely black, on mid and hind legs first ticalis Malloch, 1940) were singled out by two tarsomeres yellow. On wings, veins Mand McAlpine (1960) into the separate ocellaris converge in distal 1/3, 1.3 times less than R 4+5 tp group. Their generic combinations are bemg distal section of Cu. Large black spot covenng changed by Tanasijtshuk & Gaimari (in press) to syntergite 1+2 up to posteri?r edge; two rat?er the genusLeucopina, along with 15 new species. small spots present on terg1te 3; dark median Out of the remaining 11, one (orbitalis Malloch, spots present on anterior edge of tergites 4-5. 1921) is a synonym of L. argenticollis Zetter Taxonomic notes. The description of Malloch stedt, 1848 (McAlpine & Tanasijtshuk, 1972). I ( 1921) is indistinct. For example, he wrote "Tho have studied the types and other material of the rax with or without two brown vittae", but added 10 remaining species; the results being the sub- that the typical series "has the thorax vittate''.· In ject of this study. reality, the presence or absence of lateral stripes Unfortunately, not all of the type specimens is very serious taxonomic character, and L. ameri were male; what is more - sometimes specimens cana sensu Malloch may be conceived as a com that were cited as male in their descriptions plex of species. Studying the type series did not turnedout to be female.Therefore, redescription solve the problem - all paratypes were female, of several types is neither complete nor satisfac so analysis of male genitalia is impossible. tory. Near the type series in INHS is a tube with Male genitalia were studied in glycerin; draw label "46568" (the same as type) and the second ings were made in glycerin jelly. Terminolo�y - label "Leucopis americana Malloch,
2
4
3
Figs 1-5. Leucopis atrifacies Aldrich. 1, 2,-head; 3, male genitalia in profile; 4, epandrium from behind; 5, apex of aedeagus frombelow. Scale: 0.1 mm.
Types.Holotype, <;>,preserved in NMNH. Labels: "Type State: 12 d', 7 <;>, Goldendale Aug. 20 1959 em. Apr. # 28212 USNM", "San Francisco Calif.", "E. Walther 1960, pred. Adelges piceae (R.G. Mitchell); I d', 2 <;>, coll.", "In connection with Thecodiplosispini-radiatae", the same place and collector, "coll. 8 - 20 - 59". Cali "Leucopis atrifacies Aid". Paratypes: NMNH: 6 c;> ("al fornia: I cl, San Francisco, Jan. 1928, on Adelges sp. lotype", really paratype and 5 "paratypes") with the same on Pinus (E. Walther); 1 9 (?), Baldwin L. 6500', S.B. labels; the California Academy of Sciences (CAS), 4 c;>, Co., 13 V 1955 (W.R.M. Mason); I c;>,Albany, Alameda the same labels. Co 15 VI 1958, adult collected on Monterey pine (Fred Other material examined. CAS: 3 d', 2 c;>, San Fran D. Bennett); I <;>, the same label, but VII 1958; 3 d', 3 cisco Cal. I 27. 25, pres. by E. Walther coll. (on one d' 9, the same place and collector, Pin us radiata, VI 1958; pencil label "Leucopis be/la O.S.?" and another label 2 Figs 6-8. LeucopisjlavicornisAldrich. 6, male genitalia in profile; 7, aedeagus frombelow; 8, gonopods and parameres from above. Scale: 0.1 mm. studied Nearctic species of Leucopis. On the con others. Palpi black. Lateral stripes ofmesonotum trary, structure of genitalia is not characteristic inconspicuous or hardly conspicuous, medial and determination only on this character can be stripes faintlynoticeable only near anterior edge. unreliable. Mesonotal surface evenly covered by minute Distribution. This species is known only from bristles, areas between stripes not outlined. Two Texas. pairs of dorsocentral bristles. Femora black with Mode oflife unknown. yellow apices; tibiae and tarsi yellow. On wings, veinsM and parallel; 1.1-1 .4 times shorter R4+: tp Leucopis maculata Thompson, 1910 than distal port10n of Cu. On abdomen (Fig. 9), (Figs 9-13) syntergite I +2 almost entirely brown; rounded paired spots present on tergites 3-5; sometimes Thompson, 1910: 238. similarly large on tergites 3-4, minute on tergite 5, but usually evenly diminishing posteriad. On 'J:ypesp reserved in NMNH. Holotype, 9, "CalvertNeb. tergites 3-5, black triangular spots also present 10/15/09/", "9 ,Type# 13141". Paratypes: I 9, the same medially. Lacking dark fieldsof modifiedmicro label; I cl, the same label, plus additional label "Bred fromEriopeltis coloradensis".(In the description, Thomp trichiae on edges of first abdominal tergites in son wrote that type series was 3 cl and 1 9 ). males. Other material examined. CNC: Canada: Alberta:2 cl, Male genitalia (Figs 10-13). Epandrium bear Scandia, 9 VII 1956 (0. Peck). Manitoba: I 9, Winnipeg ing 10 pairs of bristles on posterior side, passing Sept. 1927, em.13.IX 1927, ex grass scale (A.V. smoothly into distally rounded edites. Hypand Mitchener, C.H. Curran); 4 cl, 5 9, Wpg. 18.X 27, grass coccid (probably A.V. Mitchener); 4 cl,2 9, Wpg. Feb.29, rium short, massive, passing from beneath into 1928 (A.V. Mitchener). NMNH: Indiana: 5 cl, 1 9, La parameres closely fusedwith it; gonopods com Fayette, VI-9-15 (J.M. Aldrich). pletely reduced. Aedeagus slightly bent, smooth Description. Male, female. Body length 2.2- ly tapering toward apex. 2.8 mm. Body light grey. Head 1.6 times as high Taxonomic notes. The species is easily distin as long. Frons somewhat dilated anteriad; aver guishable in externalappearance by the presence aging 2.6 times narrower than head. Orbital of paired spots on tergites 3-5, with almost com stripes light grey. Ocellar plate outlined only by plete absence of lateral stripes of mesonotum. light grey coloration, proceeded towards lunule Genitalic structureof L. maculata is uncommon as narrow triangle. Frontal stripe grey, darker for Leucopis; gonopods completely reduced. coloured. Frons densely covered with colourless L. maculata has an almost completely analo hairs. OT index near 1.5. Antenna and arista gous counterpart in the Palaearctic represented black, 3rd aristomere 5 times as long as 2nd. Gena by L. szepligetiiAczel, 1937, so far reportedfrom height 3.1-4.0 times less than eye height. Bris the region from Hungary to Mongolia (Tanasij tles on gena variable in number, arranged in 1-3 tshuk, 1986). It is distinguished fromL. maculata irregular rows; anterior bristle notably larger than in the presence of lateral stripes of mesonotum 198 VN. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species of Leucopis. I • ZOOSYST. ROS SICA Vol. 11 / 12 Figs 9-13. Leucopis maculata Thompson. 9, abdomen; 10, male genitalia in profile; 11, aedeagus in profile; 12, aedeagus from below; 13, paramere from below. Scale: 0.1 mm. ( though highly varyingin intensity of col oration), Distribution. Canada (Alberta, Manitoba), narrower gena, and in differences in genitalic USA (Nebraska, Indiana). structure - particularly, narrower surstylar lobes Mode of life. Larvae are predators on Eriopeltis and aedeagus. However, presence of paired spots scales. on abdominal tergites 3-5 and similarity between basic genitalic characters (massive, rounded Leucopis major Malloch, 1921 surstylar lobes, general shape of aedeagus, ab (Figs 14- 16) sence of gonopods) are indicative of a close re lationship between these species. The relation Malloch, 1921: 352. ship between these species may also be judged by the fact that their larvae prey on scales from Types preservedin INHS. Holotype, 'i'. Labels: "St.Joseph, cereals, particularlyon species of Eriopeltis. Evi Ill. May 3, '14"; "Salt Fork"; "Leucopismajor Mall. Type" (in dently, these species have originated relatively pencil); "Type Leucopis major Malloch <;," (redlabel); "NHS Type # 124" Paratypes: 3 'i', the same label. One paratypeis recently froma common ancestor, and separated greased,one withouthead. Allotype mentioned by Mallochab due to geographical isolation. sent. Probably it servedfor preparation of genitalia. ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol. 11 • V.N. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species o/Leucopis. I 199 16 Figs 14-16. Leucopis major Malloch. 14, head; 15, abdomen; 16, male genitalia (after Malloch). Description. Female. Body length 2.4-2.6 mm. Taxonomic notes. Malloch (op. cit.) wrote Body light grey. Head (Fig. 14) 1.4-1.6 times as "type female, allotype, and four female para high as long. Frons distinctly widened anteriad, types", and presented the sketchy drawing of 2.2-2.6 times narrowerthan head. Head smoothly male genitalia (Fig. 16). According to this draw rounded in profile. Frons with many light, rela ing, L. major has a rather massive epandrium, tively long hairs, perpendicular to frons.Orbital moderately wide edites, a curved hypandrium, a stripes light grey, slightly widened anteriad. large aedeagal apodeme, and a rather small Frontal stripe identically light when viewed from aedeagus. But this drawing is inexact; the prepa front, but far darker when viewed from above. ration used forthis drawing was not foundin the Ocellar plate not raised, distinguished only by INHS collection. Besides, the most expressive light coloration. Anterior ocellus same size as characters forthe species are the light frons with posterior ones. OT index 1.4-1.6. Lunule arc thin hairs, relatively wide gena and three pairs shaped; dorsal part with same hairs as frons, of de(rather uncommon character; Malloch even proclinate. Antenna black, arista dark brown; 3rd wrote about "three and sometimes four dorso aristomere 4.0-4.5 times as long as 2nd. Gena centrals"). Unfortunately, among Nearctic Leuc height 3.3-3.4 times less than eye height. Minute opis seen by me, I have not found more speci bristles arranged in one regular row on gena; mens with such a combination of characters and some anterior bristles formingtight cluster, with could not make preparations of male genitalia. one larger bristle. Palpi black. Lateral stripes of Distribution. Illinois. mesonotum goldish brown, relatively narrow, Mode of life unknown. extending to posterior pair of de. Grey medial stripes rather pale, extending to middle ofmeso Leucopis minor Malloch, 1921 notum; areas between stripes usually devoid of (Figs 17-24) bristles on anterior 1/4 ofmesonotum. Threepairs of dorsocentral bristles present. Femora black; Malloch, 1921: 354, 1940: 274. tibiae black with yellow apices, frequently yel low on inner surface; tarsi yellow, two apical Holotype, d', preserved in !NHS. Labels: "Du Bois, Ill. tarsomeres darkened. On wings, veins Mand R4+5 Aug. 9, '17"; "Leucopisminor Mall. Type" (in pencil); "Type converge in distal 1/2; tp 1.3-1.65 times less than Leucopis minor Malloch d'" (red); "INHS Type# 0125". distal section of Cu. On abdomen (Fig. 15), Description. Male. Body length 1.5 mm. En syntergite1 + 2 almost entirely dark (goldish when tire body greased, its colour, according to viewed from above and black from behind). Malloch, lead-grey. Head (Fig. 17) 1.8 times as Slightly oblique paired spots on tergite 3 coloured high as long. Frons not widened anteriad, 3 times identically. Pale median longitudinal stria present narrower than head. Orbital and frontal stripes on tergite 3; bright median striae present on equally dark. Short thin bristles present on frons tergites 4 and 5. and dorsal part oflunule. Ocellar plate cardiform, 200 VN. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species ofLeucopis. I • ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol. 11 20 . ,--· :.: · ·.: · t 21 · ...... I 18 23 24 Figs 17-24. Leucopis minor Malloch. 17, head; 18, 19, male genitalia in profileand frombelow (afterMcAlpine); 20, aedeagus and apodeme in profile; 21, aedeagus from below; 22, surstylar lobes in profile; 23, surstylar lobes from behind; 24, gonopods and parameres frombelow. Scale: 0.1 mm. f ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol./! I • V.N. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species o leucopis. I 201 slightly lifted around ahterior ocellus. OT index Taxonomic notes. Determination of this spe 1.8. Ocelli equal in size. Lunule arc-shaped. cies by damaged type specimen, with short de Antenna black; 3rd aristomere 6 times as long as scription of Malloch and partly destroyed geni 2nd. Gena height 5.2 times less than eye height. talia is very unreliable. Among materials from Minute bristles present on gena, irregularly ar Canada and USA are several species with simi ranged, one largest. Palpi black. Neither lateral lar genitalia, but they have lateral and medial nor medial stripes visible on greased mesonotum; stripes on the mesonotum. Malloch did not discuss this character in his de Distribution. Illinois. scription; McAlpine, who saw the type specimen Mode oflife unknown. beforepreparation ofgenitalia, wrote (in litt.) that "mesonotum without dorsocentral stripes". Two Leucopis parallela Malloch, 1921 pairs of dorsocentral bristles present. Femora (Figs 25, 26) black with yellow apices; tibiae black with yel low bases; fore tarsi entirely black, first 1-2 Malloch, 1921: 353. tarsomeres yellow on middle and hind tarsi. Holotype, c;>, preserved in !NHS. Labels: "Muncie, Ill. Wings crumpled, veins not discernible.Accord Jui 5, '14"; "Stony Cr."; "Leucopis parallela Malloch, ing to Malloch, this species has "the spots on type" (in pencil); "Type Leucopis parallela Malloch, c;>" second tergite small and widely separated, the (red); "!NHS Type# 0128". posterior margin of first tergite gray pubescent" Description. Female. Body I. 75 mmlong, lead (actually the reference points are syntergite 1+2 grey. Head (Fig. 25) 1.4 times as high as long. and tergite 3). Frons slightly widened anteriad, 3 times narrower Male genitalia. I received fromDr. J.F. McAl than head. Orbital stripes light grey on exterior pine sketchy drawings ofthe genitalia ofthe type borders along eye margin; dark grey nearer to specimen, made by him in 1968 (Figs 18-19). middle of frons, where their colour merges with According to these, cerci rather large, hypand frontal stripe. Both orbital and (to lesser extent) rium shape common to many Leucopis - curved frontalstripes covered by perpendicular dark thin in posterior 1/3. Preparate ofgenitalia overclear bristles or hairs. Ocellar plate not elevated, only ed, now hardly perceptible. Dorsal part ofepand slightly lighter than frontalstripe. OT index 1.5. rium, cerci, and hypandrium dissolved almost Lunule wide, arc-shaped; with thin bristles or entirely and lost their shape; only aedeagus with hairs. Antenna and arista black, 3rd aristomere apodeme (Figs 20, 21 ), surstylar lobes (Figs 22, 3.6 times as long as 2nd. Diameter ofbasoflagel 23), gonopods and parameres (Fig. 24) were well lomere rather large, 2. 1 times less than eye height. preserved.Surstylar lobes thin in profileand from Gena height 3.6 times less than eye height. rear. Gonopods and parameres of equal length. Minute bristles, arranged in regular row, present Aedeagus thin, slightly expanded in basal part. on gena; anterior bristle slightly longer than pre- Figs 25-26. Leucopis para/le/a Malloch. 25, head; 26, abdomen. 202 V.N. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species of Leucopis. I • ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol. 11 ceding ones. Palpi black. Mesonotum without deltoides (H.E. Bisdee); 3 d', Carrying Place Prince stripes, covered by rather sparse rows of bris Eduard Co. Aug. 2 and 4, 1961 ex Pemphigus galls (N.H. Anderson); I d', the same place, June 12, 1962, ex Pem tles. Two pairs of dorsocentral bristles present. phigus galls (H.E. Bisdee); I 9, Sultan, 7 III 68, Popu/u; Femora black, apices slightly yellowish; tibiae balsamifera (?). Quebec: I d', I 'i', Macdonald Coll p., also slightly yellowish at apices; firsttarsomeres Jui 1973, Pemphigus gall on poplar (E.H. Alleyne). USA: yellow, distal ones dark. On wings, veins Mand Montana: Id', I 'i', 2 mi. W Big Fork, VII 21.1967 (B.A. R parallel, tp 1.5 times less than distal section Foote). Ohio: Id', I 9, 12 mi NE Alliance, VI. 18. 1970 1+5 (T.P. Sluss). Arizona: 2 'i', Southw. Res. Sta., Cochise of Cu. Large gold-brownish spot present on ab CountyVIH-16-1969 (B.A. Foote). NMNH: USA: D.C.: dominal tergites 1 +2 and 3 (Fig. 26). I d', I 'i', Columbia Fed., par. on Pemph. sp. transversa Taxonomic notes. The species is very close to lis, ex Feb. 26/79 (E.A. Safverry). Indiana: 1 'i', La L. simplex Loew; the sole distinction in appear Fayette, IV 26 (J.M. Aldrich). Louisiana: 3 d', Pt Allen, ance is the greater size of the basoflagellomere. Sept. 15 - 15 (T.H. Jones); I d', Baton Rouge, May 13. Distribution. Illinois. 16, issued May 14 - 16, bred with Pemphigus populi traversus (T.H. Jones); 2 'i',the same place, Apr. 11 -18, Mode oflife unknown. issued Apr. 28-18, bred with P.populicaulis (T.H. Jones); l d', "Feeding on 54. gall on Elm-leaf'. Leucopis pemphigae Malloch, 192 l Description. Male, female. Body length 2.0- (Figs 27, 28) 2. 7 mm. Body light grey. Head 1.5-1.6 times as high as long. Frons somewhat widening anteriad; Malloch, 1921: 350. 2.8-3.0 times narrower than head. Orbital stripes light grey, frontal stripe varying in coloration Types preserved in /NHS. Holotype, d'. Labels: "Car between light grey and grey or dark grey with bondale, Ill. July 6, 1909"; "42313"; "J.R. Malloch det., 1913"; "Leucopis pemphigae Mall. Type" (in pencil); longitudinal clarification medially. Ocellar plate "Type Leucopis pemphigae Malloch d'" (red); "!NHS oblong-triangular, not raised, often faintly out-• Type# 0130". Allotype, 9, the same labels, INHS Type# lined. OT index around l.2-1.3. Pcdicel yellow, 129. Paratypcs: 3 9, the same labels, 2 specimens# 42344 basoflagellomere black. 3rd aristal segment 4.5- and I specimen# 423 I3. First two paratypes in poor con 5.5 times as long as 2nd. Several bristles on each dition, one lacking head and partly destroyed, the second with greased head. One paratype, 9, kept in CNC. La gena, commonly arranged in row, anterior bris bels: "J.R. Malloch det, 1913"; "Paratype Leucopis pem tle much larger than others. Palpi black. Lateral phigae 9 Mai. # 2729"; (yellow); "Paratype Leucopis stripes grey, sometimes with brownish hue, com- pemphigae Malloch 9"(blue). monly faintly notable. Medial stripes grey, Other material examined. CNC: Canada: Alberta: 2 d', sharper outlined; areas between stripes devoid 2 9, Lethbridge, July 1955, poplar aphid gall (A.M. of bristles to middle of mesonotum. 3-4 pairs of Harper). Ontario: 5 d',4 9, Belleville, June 26 -Aug.15 1962, ex Pemphigus populicaulis gall, Populus deltoides de, size sharply diminishing anteriad. Femora (N.H. Anderson); 4 9, Point Anne Hastings Co., June 29, yellow, occasionally darkened in middle; tibiae 1962, ex Pemphigus popu/icau/is gall on Populus and tarsi entirely yellow. On wings, veins Mand 27 28 Figs 27-28. Leucopis pemphigae Malloch. 27, male genitalia in profile; 28, aedeagus. Scale: 0.1 mm. ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol. 11 • V.N. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species of Leucopis. I 203 29 30 34 Figs 29-34. Leucopis piniperda Malloch. 29, 30, head; 31, male genitalia in profile;32, surstylar lobes frombehind; 33, aedeagus in profile; 34, apex of aedeagus from behind. Scale: 0.1 mm. R4+5 converging slightly in distal half; on aver Leucopis piniperda Malloch, 1921 age, tp equal to distal portion of Cu. On abdo (Figs 29-34) men, syntergite I +2 almost entirely dark brown or black; paired rounded, dark (sometimes bright) Malloch, 1921:351. spots present on tergite 3; dark medial longitu dinal striae occasionally noticeable on tergites Types preserved in !NHS. Holotype, cl. Labels: "Ur 3-4. Lacking dark fields of modified micro bana, Ill. Apr. 29 '16"; "Forestry"; "Leucopis piniperda Mall. type"(in pencil); red type label; "!NHS Type#131 ". trichiae on lower edges of firsttergites. Mesonotum of holotype greased. Genitalia of holotype Male genitalia (Figs 27-28). Epandrium wide, were prepared (probably by J.F. McAlpine). Allotype - passing into wide surstylar lobes without con "Urbana, Ill. Jui 5' 15"; "on tree". Allotype entirely striction; 8-10 pairs of bristles present on poste greased. Paratype, d', mentioned by Malloch, absent. rior surface. Hypandrium almost straight in pro Other material examined. CNC: Canada: British Co lumbia: I cl,Victoria,em. Aug.19/59, host: Adelges picea file. Aedeagus smoothly swelling from base to (J.W.E. Harris); I <;>, the same place and collector, larva wards middle and sharply, with angular twist, coll. 8/8/64, pup. 8/18/64, em. 8/31/64, Adelges piceae; tapering toward apex. I Figs 35-44. Leucopis simplex Loew. 35, head; 36, 37, variations of abdomen; 38, male genitalia in profile, specimen from Vineland, Ontario; 39, aedeagus from below, the same specimen; 40, gonopods and parameres from below, the same specimen; 41, epandrium in profile,specimen fromOttawa, Ontario; 42, epandrium frombehind, the same speci men; 43, aedeagus in profile, the same specimen; 44, aedeagus, apodeme and hypandrium, specimen from Dushesnes, Quebec. Scales: 0.1 mm. 206 VN. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species of Leucopis. I • ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol.11 Jina: J cr, Highlands 3800, 25 VI 1957 (J.R. Vockeroth); characterised by an epandrium with a distinct 2 cr, 2 'i', Buncombe Co., Biltmore est., 17 VIII 1978, projection, thin hypandrium, and peculiar shape phylloxera galls on French hybrid grapes(K. B. Corrette ). NMNH: USA: Ohio: 4 d', 3 'i'(on two pms),_ Sioux City, ofthe aedeagus with a wide base and sharp apex. reared frommine in lvsAquilegia (no date)(C.N. Ainslie). The type specimen ofL. simplex, preserved in Texas (?): 3 cr,6 'i',"418 -01 o 2n Aug. 11. 91 "; 1 cr,1 'i', MCZ, coincided in appearance wit h a senes· I·d en- "418.0 Aug. 16. 83"; 1 cr,3 'i?,"418 .0Aug. 19. 83"; I 'i', tified asL. simplex from CNC andNMNH. I did "418.0 Feb. 9. 84"; one specimen from this series with not analyze the male genitalia because its hypo- label "probably sampled by A.K. Carrothersin Texas". pygium is turnedup and preparation may destroy Description. Male, female. Body length 1 .4- the specimen. It is thus impossible to observe 1.8 mm. Body grey. Head (Fig. 35) 1.4-1. 7 times whether the specimen is male, as stated by Loew, as high as long. Frons slightly widened anteriad; or female. 2.8-3.3 times narrower than head. Orbital stripes Leucopis parallela, described by Malloch light grey, frontal stripe grey or dark grey. Both _ _ ( 1921), is very close to L. simplex. In h�s d�sc np- orbital and frontal stripes covered with short tion of L. parallela, Malloch based his d1stmc-_ black hairs or bristles, also present on dorsal part tion ofthis species fromL. simplex: "entire fore of short arc-shaped lunule. Ocellar plate elon- metatarsus yellow; genal bristles veryshort; fron- gate triangular, not elevated. OT index 1.2-1.5. tal lunule setulose; ... veins 3 and 4 parallel Antenna and arista black; 3rd aristomere 2.5-3.5 apically". But in series ofL. simplex, coloration times as long as 2nd. Diameter ofbasoflagello- oflegs varies widely (which 1s often the case m mere small, 2.5-2.8 times less than eye height. _ Leucopis), length of genal bnstles vane_ �, the Gena height 3.2-3.8 times less than eye height. dorsal part of the lunule is setulose, and vems M Several minute bristles on gena arrangedin row, and R can be slightly convergent or parallel. anterior bristle largest. Palpi black. Stripes of Dime�;ions ofhead, arista, and wing veins of l mesonotum absent when viewed fromabove, but . simplex are identical with the dimensions �fthe short, dark grey or nearly black medial stripes type specimen of L. parallela. The sole differ- detectable when viewed from rear. Surface of ence appears to be the size of the basoflagel- mesonotum covered with small black bristles, not lomere, which is appreciably larger in L. para/- always arranged in rows; areas devoid of br�s- le/a. tles present anteriorly on mes notum. wo pairs o T Distribution. This species is known from ofdorsocentral bristles present. Femora black or Canada (Ontario, Quebec) and USA (Ohio, N. dark grey with yellow apices; tibiae black with Carolina, Texas(?)), and is likely widely distrib- yellow bases and apices; on fore tarsi, first 2�3 uted. tarsomeres yellow, the last ones black; on mid Mode of life. Larvae are preying upon eggs of and hind tarsi, 3-4 tarsomeres yellow. On wings, Phylloxera. Stevenson(1967) wrote th�t "L. sim- veins Mand R4+5 parallel or slightly conver�ent plex would appear to be the most important in apical half; tp 1.5-1.9 times less than distal Cu. predator occurring in or about the phyHo�era leaf section of On abdomen, brownish black or galls in Ontario". The label of C.N. Amshe bo t dark bronze spot present on syntergite 1+ 2 and � � findingL. simplex in mines on leaves ofAqutlegta tergite 3; posterior border varies even within one causes doubt. series of specimens (for example, Ashtabula se- ries); can be rounded or nearly �traigh! (Fig� 3�- Acknowledgements 37). Lacking dark fieldsof modifiednucrotnchia on lateral edges of firstabdominal tergites in d'. I wish to express my deep gratitude to the researchers Male genitalia (Figs 38-44). Epandrium me of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory,ARS, USDA dium-sized, with 4-8 pairs of large bristles on forarranging my visit to Canada and USA, warmhospi posterior surface; after notable constriction, x tality, constant help in carrying out my studies, and for � the loan of collections. My first thanks arc due to Dr. tends into thin (in profile) surstylar lobes with F.C. Thompson and Dr. M.B. Stoetzel, and also to Dr. cluster or row of short bristles at apex; forward A.L. Norrbom,Dr. D.R. Miller, Dr. N.J. Vandenbergand end with characteristic projections symmetric to Dr. A.S. Konstantinov. I am very obliged to Dr. J.K. edites. Hypandrium relatively thin in profile. Wetterer (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Gonopods longer than parameres. Aedeagus with University) for the opportunity to inspect the collect10n distinctly wide base; smoothly tapered to sharp of Chamaemyiidae in MCZ. I especially want to thank Dr. D.W. Webb (Illinois Natural History Survey)for per apex. mitting me to work with the type specimens of Malloch. Taxonomic notes. The species is easily distin I am most gratefulto my Canadian colleagues from the guishable by the absence of mesonotal strip_es Biosystematic Research Centre, _Agriculture Ca?ada for when viewed from above and very charactens permittingme to use in my stud1�s their collectwns and tic brownish black or bronze spot on syntergite materials, forversatile help and fnendly hosp1tahty. First of all I wish to express my warmest feehngs to my old 1 +2 and tergite 3 (bronze colour is best observed friendDr. J.F. McAlpine, and to thank Dr. J.R. Vockeroth, in freshly-rearedspecimens). Male genitalia are Dr. J.M. Cumming, Dr. D.M. Wood, Dr. F. Brodo. And ZOOSYST. ROSSICA Vol. 11 • V.N. Tanasijtshuk: Nearctic species ofleucopis. I 207 last but not least, I am very thankful to my colleague in McAlpine, J.F. 1987. Chamaemyiidae. ln: McAlpine, J.F. the study ofChamaemyiidae Dr. S.D. Gaimari, now Cali et al. (eds.). Manual ofNearctic Diptera, Vol 2. Res. fornia State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, for Branch, Agric. Canada, Ottawa, Monogr., 28: 965- help in work with Malloch 's collection and for correct 971. ing my English. The work was carried out with financial McLean, I.F.G 1998. Leucopis psyllidiphaga sp. n., a support fromthe Russian Foundation forBasic Research new species of silverfly (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae) (grants 99-04-49-809 and 96-15-97910) and fromthe State from Britain. Dipterists Digest, 5: 49-54. Science and Technology Programme (grant "Biological Raspi, A. 1985. Contributi alla conoscenza dei ditteri Diversity"). camemiidi. III. Consideracione sulla Leucopis pa/um bii Rondani e decrizione di Leucopis g/oriae n. sp. References Frustula entomol. (n. s.), 6, (1983): 351-367. Raspi, A. 1986. Contributi alla conoscenza dei ditteri camemiidi. IV. Su due specie del genere leucopis Aldrich, J.M. 1914. A new Leucopis with yellow anten (Diptera Chamaemyiidae) predatrici di Aphis fabae nae. J. econ. Entomol., 1: 404-405. Scop.: Leucopisfioriin. sp. e Leucopis glyphinivora Aldrich, J.M. 1925. A new Leucopis fromSan Francisco. Tanas. Frustu/a entomo/. (n. s.), 7-8 (1984-1985): Pan-PacificEntomol., 1: 152. 477-485. Beshovski, V.L. 1995. Contribution to the knowledge of Raspi, A. 1990. Contributi alla conoscenza dei ditteri the taxonomy and distribution of the Chamaemyia camemiidi. V. Su alcune specie de! genere leucopis species established in Bulgaria (Insecta, Diptera, viventi a spese di afidi eriosomatidi. Frustula ento Chamaemyiidae). Acta zoo/. bulg., 48: 34-47. mol. (n. s.), 11, (1988): 75-117. Beschovski, V.L. & Merz, B. 1998. Contribution to the Raspi, A. 1996. Thaumatomyia e/ongatula (Becker) knowledge of the Chamaemyiidae (Diptera), with (Chloropidae) and Leucopis annu/ipes Zetterstedt particular referenceto the faunaof Switzerland. Mitt. (Chamaemyiidae): two Diptera preying on Phloe schweiz. entomol. Ges., 71: 83-106. myzus passerinii (Signore!) (Homoptera: Phloemyz Coquillett, D.W. 1898. On the habits of the Oscinidae idae) in Italy. Proc. entomol. Soc. Washington, 98: and Agromyzidae reared at the United States Depart 509-516. ment of Agriculture. U.S. Dep. Agric. Bull. (N. S.), Raspi,A. & Bertolini, L. 1993. Contributions to knowl 10: 70-79. edge ofDiptera Chamaemyiidae. VI. Ethological and Gaimari, S.D. & Turner, W.J. 1997. Methods forrear morphological notes on leucopis (Leucopomyia) ing aphidophagous Leucopis spp. (Diptera: Chamae si/esiaca Egger and leucopis (leucopomyia) alticeps myiidae). J. Kansas entomol. Soc., 69(4): 363-369. Czerny.Frustula entomol. (n. s.), 16: 119-132. Loew, H. 1869. Diptera Americae septentrionalis indige Riley, C.V. 1883. Dipterous enemies of the Phylloxera na. Centuria octava. Berlin. entomol. Z., 13: 1-52. vastatrix. Canad. Entomol., 15: 39. Malloch,J.R. 1921. Forest insects in Illinois. I. The sub Stevenson, A.B. 1967. Leucopis simplex (Diptera: Cha familyOchthiphilinae (Diptera, familyAgromyzidae). maemyiidae) and other species occurring in galls of State Illinois natur. Hist. Surv. Bull., 13: 345-361. Phyl/oxera vitifoliae(Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) in Malloch, J.R. 1940. The North American genera of the Ontario. Canad. Entomol., 99: 815-820. dipterous subfamily Chamaemyiinae. Ann. Mag. Tanasijtshuk,V.N. 1958. New species of the genus leuc natur. Hist. (11), 6: 265-274. opis (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae) fromLeningrad Re McAlpine, J.F.1960. A new species ofLeucopis (Leuco gion. Trudy zoo/. inst. Akad. NaukSSSR, 24: 89-98. pel/a) fromChile and a key to the world genera and (In Russian). subgenera of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera). Canad. Tanasijtsbuk, V.N. 1986. Family Chamacmyiidae. Fauna Entomo/., 92(1): 51-58. SSSR(no. 134), Nasekomyedvukrylye, 14(7): 1-335. McAlpine, J.F. 1965. Chamaemyiidae. Jn: Stone, A. et (In Russian). al. A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Tanasijtshuk, V.N. 1992 Morphologicaldifferences and Mexico. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handbook, 226: 706-709. phylogenetic relationships between the genera of McAlpine, J.F. & Tanasijtshuk. V.N. 1972. Identity of chamaemyiid flies(Diptera, Chamaemyiidae). Ento Leucopis argenticollis and description of a new spe mol. Obozr., 71(1):199-230. (In Russian; translated cies (Diptcra: Chamaemyiidae). Canad. Entomol., inEntomol. Rev., Washington, 72: 66-100). 104:1865-1875. Tanasijtshuk, V.N. 1996. Two species of Leucopis_Mei McAipine, J.F. 1977. A remarkable new species ofLeuc gen (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) predacious o� the opis fromwestern Cana da (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae ). Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia(Mordv1lko) Proc. entomol. Soc. Washington, 19: 14-18. (Homoptera: Aphididae), in North America. Proc. McAlpine, J.F. 1978. A new dipterous predator of bal entomol. Soc. Washington, 98: 640-646. sam woolly aphid fromEurope and Canada (Diptera: Tanasijtshuk, V.N. & Gaimari, S.D. (in press). Revi Chamaemyiidae). Entomol. german., 4: 349-355. sion of the genus Leucopina (Diptera, Chamae McAlpine, J.F. 1979. Diptera. Jn: Danks, H.V. (Ed.). myiidae) fromNearctic and Neotropic. Canada and its insect fauna. Mem. entomol. Soc. Thompson, W.R. 1910. A new species of the genus Canada, I 08: 389-424. Leucopis. Canad. Entomol., 42: 239-242. McAlpine, J.F. 198 I. Morphology and terminology - adults. Jn: McAlpine, J.F. et al. (eds.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. I. Res. Branch, Agric. Canada, Ottawa, Monogr., 27: 9-63. Received l O July 2002