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Postglacial Vegetational History of the Eastern Avalon Peninsula

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Document généré le 6 oct. 2021 06:56 Géographie physique et Quaternaire Postglacial Vegetational History of the Eastern Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, and Holocene Climatic Change Along the Eastern Canadian Seaboard Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation de l’est de la péninsule d’Avalon, Terre-Neuve, et changement climatique à l’Holocène le long de la côte est du Canada Pacтитeльносиь вocтoчной чacти полуocтpoвa Aвaлoн нa Hьюфaундлендe в пocлeлeдниковый пepиод и изменениe климaтa в пepиoд гoлoцeнa нa вocтoчнoм подеpeжьe Kaнaды Joyce Brown Macpherson Volume 36, numéro 1-2, 1982 Résumé de l'article Deux profils polliniques dressés à partir de données recueillis dans la URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032476ar péninsule d'Avalon orientale, et datés au 14C, nous portent à supposer qu'il y DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/032476ar eut là une déglaciation tardive (probablement après 9700 BP sur le littoral) suivie d'une courte période marquée par la croissance d'une végétation de Aller au sommaire du numéro toundra. Après 9300 BP, la riche toundra arbustive fut colonisée, dans les endroits peu élevés, par l'épinette, le sapin baumier et le bouleau arborescent jusqu'à former, vers 8400 BP, une forêt clairsemée. La forêt conserva ce Éditeur(s) caractère au cours des 3000 ans qui suivirent. Des traces d'incendies et la constance de la présence de Populus font penser que le climat était alors plus Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal sec et plus chaud qu'aujourd'hui. Au maximun climatique, environ entre 5400 et 3200 BP, correspondit une densification du couvert forestier, une remontée ISSN de la limite de la forêt jusque sur les hautes terres et une augmentation des précipitations. Après 3200 BP, le refroidissement du climat entraîna une 0705-7199 (imprimé) régression de la limite de la forêt. L'interprétation des changements 1492-143X (numérique) climatiques qui ont affecté la péninsule d'Avalon est comparée aux interprétations fondées sur les études paléoenvironnementales faites le long de Découvrir la revue la côte est de l'Amérique du Nord, depuis l'île de Baffin jusqu'à la Nouvelle-Angleterre. On peut supposer qu'une série de régulateurs variables influencèrent la circulation atmosphérique de la région à l'Holocène. Citer cet article Brown Macpherson, J. (1982). Postglacial Vegetational History of the Eastern Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, and Holocene Climatic Change Along the Eastern Canadian Seaboard. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 36(1-2), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.7202/032476ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1982 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire. 1982, vol. XXXVI, nos 1-2, p. 175-196, 9 fig., 3 tabl. POSTGLACIAL VEGETATIONAL HISTORY OF THE EASTERN AVALON PENINSULA, NEWFOUNDLAND, AND HOLOCENE CLIMATIC CHANGE ALONG THE EASTERN CANADIAN SEABOARD Joyce BROWN MACPHERSON, Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, New­ foundland A1B 3X9. ABSTRACT Two radiocarbon-dated RÉSUMÉ Histoire postglaciaire de la PE3K)ME Pat/mime.ibuonm eoanounoii <ta- pollen profiles from the eastern Avalon végétation de l'est de la péninsule d'Ava- nmi nojiyocmpoeo Αβα.ιοιι ιια ΙΙ)>ιοφα\ΐιο- Peninsula suggest late déglaciation lon, Terre-Neuve, et changement clima­ ieiiih' β noc.u'.u'ôiiiiKoebiii neptioà a UIMC- (probably no earlier than 9700 BP at the tique à l'Holocène le long de la côte est Ht'iuie κ.ιιΐλίαιηα β nepuod co.ionena ιια βο- coast), followed by a brief period of tun­ du Canada. Deux profils polliniques vmoHHOM no6epe3Kbe Kanaôui. Oupcae/ie- dra vegetation. After 9300 BP a rich dressés à partir de données recueillis HHe BcnpacTa iibuibUbi c BOCTOHHOH naCTH shrub tundra at lower elevations was dans la péninsule d'Avalon orientale, et nojiyocTpoBa Aeajion c noMOuibio pa.ino- 14 invaded by spruce, balsam fir and tree datés au C, nous portent à supposer aKTHBHoro yr/iepojia no3BojiH.no ycTaiio- birch until at ca 8400 BP the vegetation qu'il y eut là une déglaciation tardive BHTb nc-3jiHee oTCTynjieHHe JICIIHHKOB (eepo- was an open woodland. The forest (probablement après 9700 BP sur le HTHO He panee 9700 ro/ia ^o HacToaiuero remained open for the next 3000 years; littoral) suivie d'une courte période mar­ BpeMenH /jxo 1950 ro/j,a Haineii opbi/ Ha evidence of fire and the continuous pre­ quée par la croissance d'une végétation no6epe>Kbe), sa κοτορΜΜ noone/ioBaji κο- sence of Populus suggest drier and de toundra. Après 9300 BP, la riche pOTKHH liepHO/l TVHAPOBOH paCTHTC/IbHOCTH. warmer conditions than at present. The toundra arbustive fut colonisée, period of maximum warmth, ca 5400-3200 riocjie 9300 roaa no HacTotunero epeMeiin dans les endroits peu élevés, par l'épinet- BP, saw the closing of the forest cover, 5oiaTaa KycTapnnKOBaH pacTHTejibnocTb te, le sapin baumier et le bouleau arbo­ a rise in the level of the tree limit in the TVHjpbl CTajia BbITeCHHTbCH lia lieÔOJIbLlJHX rescent jusqu'à former, vers 8400 BP, interior upland and an increase in pre­ BOÎBblLUeHHOCTHX CllbK), ΠΗΧΤΟΙ! 6a.lb3aMH- cipitation. After 3200 BP decreasing une forêt clairsemée. La forêt conserva HCCKoii H 6epe3oii afi 8400 rojia no Hacron- temperatures resulted in a lowering of ce caractère au cours des 3000 ans qui Uiero BpeMenH. Koraa pacrHTejibHocTb the tree limit. The climatic changes suivirent. Des traces d'incendies et la upcacTaBjifljia coGoii peziKHÎi Jiec Jlec co- inferred for the Avalon Peninsula are constance de la présence de Populus font xpaiiHJi OTKpbiTbiii xapaKTep B TcneHue cne- compared with those inferred from penser que le climat était alors plus sec /lyioiimx 3000 Jier. Cjie.ibi iiowapoB H no- palaeo-environmental studies along the et plus chaud qu'aujourd'hui. Au maxi- CTOHHHoro npHCVTCTBHH Populus \Ka3biBa- eastern North American seaboard from mun climatique, environ entre 5400 et K)T Ha 6ojiee cyxue H Tenjibic K.iHMaTHHc- Baffin Island to New England. A se­ 3200 BP. correspondit une densification CKHe ycjioBHH, HCM Β HacTOHiuee BpeMn. B quence of changing controls on the du couvert forestier, une remontée de la iiepHo.i MaKCHMa.ibHoro ποταυιειίΗΗ Β 5400- regional atmospheric circulation during limite de la forêt jusque sur les hautes 3200 ro/ibi ,αο HacTOHiuero BperneHH upoit- the Holocene is suggested. terres et une augmentation des précipi­ 30LU/IO CMbIKaHHe jiecuoro iioKpoea. yBCHH- tations. Après 3200 BP, le refroidis­ HCHue njioiuajH jiecnoro noKpoea lia B03B1.1- sement du climat entraîna une régression uieHiiocTHx. y.iajicHHbix οτ noôepoKbH. H de la limite de la forêt. L'interprétation VBeJIHHCHHe KOJiHHCCTBa BblIia.laHHH OCiM- des changements climatiques qui ont af­ KOB. riocjie 3200 roaa ^o HacTOHiuero Bpc- fecté la péninsule d'Avalon est com­ MenH HOHH)KeHHC TeMHepaTyp npiiBe.no κ parée aux interprétations fondées sur les CHH)KCHHK) iiJioma;»! -'iecHoro noKpoea. npeji- études paléoenvironnementales faites le nojiaraeTCfl. HTO KiMMaTU'iecKiie H3MCIICIIHH long de la côte est de l'Amérique du 11a uojiyocTpoBc AeaJion anajioi HMiibi HIMC- Nord, depuis l'île de Baffin jusqu'à HCHHHM. ycTanoBjieinibiM najieoHTOjioniHC- la Nouvelle-Angleterre. On peut supposer CKHMH HCCJICaOBaHHHMH OKpV)KaKlUlCH CpC- qu'une série de régulateurs variables .lbi Ha ROCIOMIIOM iiacTH ceBepo-aMepiiKaii- influencèrent la circulation atmosphé­ CKoro no5epc)Kba οτ ocTpoea Είΐφφιιιι ,τ,ο rique de la région à l'Holocène. Ht)BOH AHIJIHH. 176 J. BROWN MACPHERSON INTRODUCTION TUCKER, 1972). It was expected also that the sites might yield evidence of Holocene climatic change, because The postglacial vegetational history of much of the they lie close to the present altitudinal tree limit. eastern Canadian seaboard has been outlined in recent studies. ANDREWS of a/. (1980) and SHORT and AN­ J REGIONAL SETTING DREWS (1980) have reported on vegetation changes in Baffin Island since the middle Holocene. SHORT andI The Avalon Peninsula, a fragment of the Appalachian NICHOLS (1977, also SHORT, 1978), JORDAN (1975)) mountain system, has been reduced to a low plateau and LAMB (1980) have worked respectively in northern,, which for the most part terminates in a steep coastal central and southern Labrador, while sites in the Ma­• slope. Much of the plateau surface lies at 150-200 m, ritime Provinces have been examined by LIVINGSTONE: but occasional summits on more resistant rock, such as (1968), RAILTON (1973), HADDEN (1975), MOTT (1975a),, the Hawke Hills, rise to 300 m. The mainly acidic Pre- GREEN (1976) and ANDERSON (1980). However, theÎ cambrian rocks have an irregular cover of locally de- central section of the eastern seaboard, formed by thei rived till, on which have developed soils classified island of Newfoundland (Fig. 1), has received relatively' mainly as orthicand gleyed podzols and orthic gleysols little attention from Quaternary palynologists, hindering) (PAGE, 1971). the development of a regional synthesis. Much of the information available for Newfoundland relates to the northernmost tip of the island, where data have been gathered in connection with archaeological investiga­ tions of the mediaeval Norse site at l'Anse aux Mea­ dows on the Strait of Belle Isle (KUC, 1975; MOTT, 1975b; HENNINGSMOEN, 1977; McANDREWS and DAVIS, 1978; DAVIS, 1980; DAVIS and McANDREWS, in progress). Three pollen profiles from the Avalon Pe­ ninsula in the southeast of the island were published by TERASMAE (1963). Basal radiocarbon dates were included, the oldest (8420 ± 300 BP; I (GSC)-4) dating the migration of spruce into a shrub tundra.
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    184] J. O.L. Roberts Bird-BandingJuly, 1971 CALL EPSIL (S,T,M,P) 1 E = E +FLOAT(N)*FLOAT(NB)*S**NC*X +FLOAT(N)*S**NB* XA*2. +S**N*P RETURN END C SAMPLE DATA 1 6 1810 5 2 0 0 864511 1 ß435 35 THE OCCURRENCE OF GREENLAND AND EUROPEAN BIRDS IN NEWFOUNDLAND By L•sLm M. TUCK* Newfoundland is a large island of 42,734 square miles situated in the North Atlantic Ocean between 46 ø and 52 ø north latitude. The Avalon Peninsula, its most southeasterly portion, is in the same latitude as the Bay of Biscay, France. Newfoundlandis some1,650 miles from the coast of Ireland, the nearest land in Europe. It is 850 miles from Cape Farewell, the most southerly point in Greenland. The physiographyof Newfoundland is quite similar to that of the adjacent Maritime Provinces. The coast is indented with bays and inlets and the island itself is a plateau which, sloping in a north- westerly direction, reacheselevations up to 1,500 feet in the almost mountainoushighlands along the west coast. A large part of the island's terrain is bleak and the soil is relatively shallow. In general, commercial forests are confined to the river valleys. Becauseit is on the eastern side of the North American continent, Newfoundland is influenced by continental air massesand exper- iences a wide range of summer and winter temperatures. More- over, as the island is virtually encircledby the cold waters of the Labrador Current, the sea moderatessummer and winter tempera- tures. Sea-icefrom the arctic regionsreaches Newfoundland in January (Figure 1) and in a normal year may surround the entire island except the south coast.
  • Regional Demographic Profiles

    Regional Demographic Profiles

    Regional Demographic Profiles November 2007 Newfoundland and Labrador This document was prepared as part of the 2006-2007 Demographic Research Project undertaken by the Economics and Statistics Branch, Department of Finance and the Rural Secretariat, Executive Council in cooperation with Memorial University. The Project had three objectives: (i) to assess emerging regional demographic issues; (ii) to collect information to aid in the revision of the province’s demographic projections; and (iii) to develop, disseminate and encourage the use of demographic information. The project also included a series of regional demographic consultations. The Economics and Statistics Branch and the Rural Secretariat gratefully acknowl- edge a financial contribution from the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Labour Market Development Agreement in support of the Demographic Research Project. Economics and Statistics Branch Rural Secretariat Department of Finance Executive Council Tel: (709) 729-3255 Tel: (709) 729-0168 Fax: (709) 729-6944 Fax: (709) 729-1673 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.stats.gov.nl.ca www.gov.nl.ca/rural www.economics.gov.nl.ca www.communityaccounts.ca Economics and Statistics Branch, Photo Credits Cover, Brigus ................................................. Barry C. Parsons Department of Finance Page 2, Placentia .......................................Deanna Kelly-Hicks Page 4, Norris Point ...........................................Doris Hancock The Branch is responsible for meeting the broad macroeconomic
  • Introduction Changes in Europe

    Introduction Changes in Europe

    TOPIC 2.4 Why is the “discovery” of the Americas seen as such a major event in history? What discovery would you like to see that would change society? 2.40 A perception of earth in the 1400s This illustration by modern artist Antar Dayal shows how some Europeans likely perceived the world across the ocean in the late 1400s. The idea of venturing out into the Atlantic terrified many European mariners of the time – some even believed they would sail over the edge of the world. They were a superstitious lot, who believed in sea monsters, giant whirlpools that swallowed ships, and strange lands prowled by man-eating demons. Introduction Changes in Europe Across the Atlantic, meanwhile, developments were Since the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE, taking place in Europe that would have unexpected Western Europe had become a rather stagnated part and far-reaching consequences for Newfoundland and of the world. Between 500 and 1200 there was little Labrador. In the 1500s, Western Europe was changing: innovation – life continued practically unchanged from its population was increasing, it was becoming wealthy, year to year. This characterizes what is sometimes and it was making advances in technologies that referred to as a traditional economy, in which people encouraged exploration. These factors led to the use resources in the same way as previous generations. establishment of colonies throughout the world. The However, between 1200 and 1400 Europe began to Newfoundland fishery was a consequence of this expansion. change in subtle ways. In particular, universities were 126126 Spain and Portugal occupy European Population Mariners thought the Iberian Peninsula 1400-1800 CE (data in millions) Japan was here 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 years 2.41 Fig.