Introduction Changes in Europe
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Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension: a Synthesis
CLIMATIC VARIABILITY IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE AND ITS SOCIAL DIMENSION: A SYNTHESIS CHRISTIAN PFISTER', RUDOLF BRAzDIL2 IInstitute afHistory, University a/Bern, Unitobler, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland 2Department a/Geography, Masaryk University, Kotlar8M 2, CZ-61137 Bmo, Czech Republic Abstract. The introductory paper to this special issue of Climatic Change sununarizes the results of an array of studies dealing with the reconstruction of climatic trends and anomalies in sixteenth century Europe and their impact on the natural and the social world. Areas discussed include glacier expansion in the Alps, the frequency of natural hazards (floods in central and southem Europe and stonns on the Dutch North Sea coast), the impact of climate deterioration on grain prices and wine production, and finally, witch-hlllltS. The documentary data used for the reconstruction of seasonal and annual precipitation and temperatures in central Europe (Germany, Switzerland and the Czech Republic) include narrative sources, several types of proxy data and 32 weather diaries. Results were compared with long-tenn composite tree ring series and tested statistically by cross-correlating series of indices based OIl documentary data from the sixteenth century with those of simulated indices based on instrumental series (1901-1960). It was shown that series of indices can be taken as good substitutes for instrumental measurements. A corresponding set of weighted seasonal and annual series of temperature and precipitation indices for central Europe was computed from series of temperature and precipitation indices for Germany, Switzerland and the Czech Republic, the weights being in proportion to the area of each country. The series of central European indices were then used to assess temperature and precipitation anomalies for the 1901-1960 period using trmlsfer functions obtained from instrumental records. -
Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789 Kiley Bickford University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Bickford, Kiley, "Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789" (2014). Honors College. 147. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/147 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATIONALISM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789 by Kiley Bickford A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Degree with Honors (History) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Richard Blanke, Professor of History Alexander Grab, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Angela Haas, Visiting Assistant Professor of History Raymond Pelletier, Associate Professor of French, Emeritus Chris Mares, Director of the Intensive English Institute, Honors College Copyright 2014 by Kiley Bickford All rights reserved. Abstract The French Revolution of 1789 was instrumental in the emergence and growth of modern nationalism, the idea that a state should represent, and serve the interests of, a people, or "nation," that shares a common culture and history and feels as one. But national ideas, often with their source in the otherwise cosmopolitan world of the Enlightenment, were also an important cause of the Revolution itself. The rhetoric and documents of the Revolution demonstrate the importance of national ideas. -
Letters from New Spain, Mid 1500S
Library of Congress Letters Home: Correspondence from Spanish colonists in Mexico City and Puebla to relatives * in Spain, 1558-1589 Mexico City and Puebla, detail of A. Ysarti, Provincia d[e] S. Diego de Mexico EXCERPTS en la nueba Espana . , ca. 1682 Antonio Mateos, a farmer in Puebla, to his wife in Spain, 1558 Very longed-for lady wife: doing the best thing for you and me. Give my About a year and a half ago I wrote you greetings to my sisters and to your brother and greatly desiring to know about you and the health mine and to my nephews, and also to all of your of yourself and my son Antón Mateos, and also cousins and relatives and neighbors, and greet about my sisters and your brother and mine Antón everyone who asks for me. I haven’t heard from Pérez, but I have never had a letter or reply since my cousins for four years and nine months; they you wrote when I sent you money by Juan de left Mexico City and went I don’t know where, Ocampo. With the desire to prepare for your nor do I know if they are alive or dead. No more, arrival, I went to the valley of Atlixco, where they but may our Lord keep you in his hand for me. grow two crops of wheat a year, one irrigated and the other watered by rainfall; I thought that we could be there the rest of our Library of Congress lives. I was a farmer for a year in company with another farmer there; for the future I had found lands and bought four pair of oxen and everything necessary for our livelihood, since the land is the most luxuriant, and plenteous and abundant in grain, that there is in all New Spain. -
Social Studies - 6 Use Any Resources You Have (Such As the Internet Or Books) to Explore the Topics More Each Week
This year in sixth grade you have been learning about the history of different regions of the world. In your at home learning opportunities you will continue this exploration. Some information may be review and some may be new. Feel free to Social Studies - 6 use any resources you have (such as the internet or books) to explore the topics more each week. Each week will connect to the last as much as possible. The following article is about the historical figure Joan of Arc, or Jeanne D’Arc (1412- 1431), the teenage girl who led the French to victory against the English in the 1400s. As you read, think about how and why is she remembered today? Joan of Arc: France’s Young Tragic Hero Part 1: The Makings of a Hero Joan was born the youngest of a family of five. Her father was a peasant farmer who had little money. She never learned to read or write. Yet in her short lifetime, she became one of history’s most famous people. Joan was born in Domremy, France on January 6, 1412. She was the youngest of five children. As a child, Joan played with other children but also enjoyed being alone. Like other girls, she was "Jeanne d'Arc, victorieuse des anglais, rentre à Orléans et est acclamée par la population" by Jean good at sewing and spinning. Unlike other girls, she claimed to hear “voices.” She said it was the Jacques Scherrer is in the public domain. voice of angels speaking to her, and she also claimed to have seen them. -
Memorial to Vladimir Stephen Papezik 1927-1984 GORDON A
Memorial to Vladimir Stephen Papezik 1927-1984 GORDON A. GROSS Geological Survey o f Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0E8 V. Stephen Papezik, Professor of Geology at Memorial University in Newfoundland, was an inspiring teacher, a congenial professional colleague, and a devoted scien tist. His death on June 23, 1984. after a year of illness, caused a serious loss to the geologic and mineralogic fraternities and to his many friends throughout Canada and the world. Stephen lived through a period of uncertainty and turmoil, but he was decisive and un compromising in maintaining the high principles and standards that characterized all aspects of his life. He was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia, on Febru ary 5, 1927, and entered the University of Masaryk in Brno in 1946, to study geography and history. His interest in geology was aroused in his second year, and he changed his emphasis to geology and physical geog raphy. In one of his personal papers he notes, “After the Communist seizure of power in Czechoslovakia, at the beginning of my third year at the University, I decided that the new government and I were mutually incompatible, and I escaped to Austria, then under Four Power occupation.” The story of his escape to freedom is sensational reading; one incident in it illustrates a major attribute of his character. Because of currency reforms in Austria, he made a secret return trip to an Austrian town which was under Communist occupation at the time to see that a priest who had assisted him was properly repaid. After escaping Czechoslovakia, Stephen was determined to reestablish himself in a scientific career. -
A Brief History of Wine in South Africa Stefan K
European Review - Fall 2014 (in press) A brief history of wine in South Africa Stefan K. Estreicher Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA Vitis vinifera was first planted in South Africa by the Dutchman Jan van Riebeeck in 1655. The first wine farms, in which the French Huguenots participated – were land grants given by another Dutchman, Simon Van der Stel. He also established (for himself) the Constantia estate. The Constantia wine later became one of the most celebrated wines in the world. The decline of the South African wine industry in the late 1800’s was caused by the combination of natural disasters (mildew, phylloxera) and the consequences of wars and political events in Europe. Despite the reorganization imposed by the KWV cooperative, recovery was slow because of the embargo against the Apartheid regime. Since the 1990s, a large number of new wineries – often, small family operations – have been created. South African wines are now available in many markets. Some of these wines can compete with the best in the world. Stefan K. Estreicher received his PhD in Physics from the University of Zürich. He is currently Paul Whitfield Horn Professor in the Physics Department at Texas Tech University. His biography can be found at http://jupiter.phys.ttu.edu/stefanke. One of his hobbies is the history of wine. He published ‘A Brief History of Wine in Spain’ (European Review 21 (2), 209-239, 2013) and ‘Wine, from Neolithic Times to the 21st Century’ (Algora, New York, 2006). The earliest evidence of wine on the African continent comes from Abydos in Southern Egypt. -
Abstracts of Potential Interest to the Media 2020
Abstracts of potential interest to the media 2020 Climate of the Reformation: droughts and anomalous weather in the 1500s-1510s in Europe https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-10147.html Climatic, environmental and pollution traceability of the monumental Olive and Cedar trees of Lebanon: Lessons from the past to the present https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-20787.html The seismic sound of deep volcanic processes https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-6813.html The Rise And Fall Of An Oyster Bed In The German Bight (North Sea) Before The Dawn Of Industrial Fishery https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-7082.html The Maya Terminal Classic Drought replicated in two stalagmites from Columnas Cave, NW Yucatán https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-18326.html Penguin Life Observatories to monitor the health of the Southern Ocean ecosystems https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-8444.html From Fear to Hope: The inspiring journey of an 11-year-old Environmental Activist https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-18711.html Towards a neural network approach for automated recognition of lichen-covered prehistoric carvings at Stonehenge https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020- 10701.html How Earthquake Early Warning Systems can affect scientist’s liability? International perspective for domestic questions. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-11104.html The 1834 Ermellek earthquake effects and -
The Seventeenth Century Brewhouse and Bakery at Ferryland, Newfoundland
Northeast Historical Archaeology Volume 41 Article 2 2012 The eveS nteenth Century Brewhouse and Bakery at Ferryland, Newfoundland Arthur R. Clausnitzer Jr. Barry C. Gaulton Follow this and additional works at: http://orb.binghamton.edu/neha Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Clausnitzer, Arthur R. Jr. and Gaulton, Barry C. (2012) "The eS venteenth Century Brewhouse and Bakery at Ferryland, Newfoundland," Northeast Historical Archaeology: Vol. 41 41, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.22191/neha/vol41/iss1/2 Available at: http://orb.binghamton.edu/neha/vol41/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). It has been accepted for inclusion in Northeast Historical Archaeology by an authorized editor of The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Northeast Historical Archaeology/Vol. 41, 2012 1 The Seventeenth-Century Brewhouse and Bakery at Ferryland, Newfoundland Arthur R. Clausnitzer, Jr. and Barry C. Gaulton In 2001 archaeologists working at the 17th-century English settlement at Ferryland, Newfoundland, uncovered evidence of an early structure beneath a mid-to-late century gentry dwelling. A preliminary analysis of the architectural features and material culture from related deposits tentatively identified the structure as a brewhouse and bakery, likely the same “brewhouse room” mentioned in a 1622 letter from the colony. Further analysis of this material in 2010 confirmed the identification and dating of this structure. Comparison of the Ferryland brewhouse to data from both documentary and archaeological sources revealed some unusual features. When analyzed within the context of the original Calvert period settlement, these features provide additional evidence for the interpretation of the initial settlement at Ferryland not as a corporate colony such as Jamestown or Cupids, but as a small country manor home for George Calvert and his family. -
Auozyme Variation in Picea Mariana from Newfoundland: Discussion
1471 DISCUSSIONS AUozyme variation In Picea mariana from Newfoundland1: Discussion William B. Critchfield Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. 94701 Received April 21,1987 Accepted June 26, 1987 In their recent paper describing the distribution of genetic grew on both north and south coasts near the end of the variation in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) on the Pleistocene and beginning of the Holocene. At the southern site, island of Newfoundland, Yeh et el. (1986) concluded that a near the tip of the Burin Peninsula, Anderson (1983) found an center of variability in west-central Newfoundland derived from annual deposition rate of up to 30 spruce pollen grains/cm2 ancestral populations that persisted on the island during the last through the late Wisconsin, and he attributed this low level to (Wisconsin) glaciation. They attributed to Munns (1938) the long-distance transport from New England. At the northern site, "theory that part or all of such an area was ice-free during the on Notre Dame Bay, maximum influx of spruce p6Uen was Wisconsin glaciation/* Munns's publication consists of tree about the same as at the Burin site (Macpherson and Anderson distribution maps, long since superseded and not very accurate 198S). Spruce pollen was not identified to species in these even when they were published; map 29, for example, wrongly deposits, but at two sites on the Avalon Peninsula, in southeast shows black spruce widely distributed in West Virginia, ern Newfoundland, pollen was identified as black spruce. -
The Pattern of Glaciation on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland L’Histoire De La Glaciation De La Presqu’Île D’Avalon, À Terre-Neuve
Document généré le 26 sept. 2021 05:31 Géographie physique et Quaternaire The pattern of glaciation on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland L’histoire de la glaciation de la presqu’île d’Avalon, à Terre-Neuve. Das Schema der Vereisung auf der Avalon-Halbinsel in Neufundland. Norm R. Catto Volume 52, numéro 1, 1998 Résumé de l'article L'histoire de la glaciation de la presqu'île d'Avalon a été établie à partir de URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/004778ar l'étude des caractéristiques géomorphologiques, des stries et de la provenance DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/004778ar des blocs erratiques. On distingue trois phases dans un continuum de glaciation. Pendant la première phase, il y a eu accumulation et dispersion de Aller au sommaire du numéro la glace à partir de plusieurs centres. Au cours de la deuxième période, qui correspond au Wisconsinien supérieur, les glaciers ont atteint un maximum en étendue et en épaisseur. Le niveau marin abaissé a permis la formation d'un Éditeur(s) centre glaciaire à l'emplacement de la baie St. Mary. Le glacier en provenance de la partie continentale de Terre-Neuve a fusionné avec celui de la presqu'île Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal d'Avalon dans la baie de Plaisance, sur l'isthme et dans la baie de la Trinité. La troisième phase, caractérisée par la remontée du niveau marin et déclenchée ISSN par le recul de l'Inlandsis laurentidien au Labrador, a déséquilibré la calotte glaciaire de St. Mary. La déglaciation finale de la presqu'île d'Avalon a 0705-7199 (imprimé) commencé avant 10 100 ± 250 BP. -
High Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada
Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research ORIGINAL ARTICLE High Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada 1 3 LEIGH A. NEWHOOK, MD ANDREW D. PATERSON, MB 100,000 in children Ͻ15 years of age 1 2 JOSEPH CURTIS, MB CHERYL CRUMMEL, RN (1990–1993) (3). The reported mean in- 2 1 DONNA HAGERTY, BN TRACEY BRIDGER, MD 2 1 cidence for Montreal (1971–1985) MARIE GRANT, RN PATRICK PARFREY, MD among children 0–14 years was 10.1/ 100,000 (6). The lowest reported inci- dence was from Toronto (1976–1978) with a mean incidence of 9.0/100,000 per year in children Ͻ19 years of age (7). OBJECTIVE — The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes among The study we are reporting was per- children aged 0–14 years in the Avalon Peninsula in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland. formed at the Janeway Child Health Care RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — This was a prospective cohort study of the Centre (JCHCC), which is the only ter- incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in children aged 0–14 years who were diagnosed with tiary care children’s hospital servicing the type 1 diabetes from 1987 to 2002 on the Avalon Peninsula. Identified case subjects during this Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. time period were ascertained from several sources and verified using the capture-recapture All children with type 1 diabetes who live technique. Data were obtained from the only pediatric diabetes treatment center for children on the Avalon Peninsula are referred to living on the Avalon Peninsula. -
Chapter 1 Lesson 4 Technology in the 1500S
GL5 History Teacher Text Chapter 1 Lesson 4 Technology in the 1500s Student Objectives: • Review the invention, design, and uses of the printing press. • Describe how the printing press works and its importance in history. • Discuss the astrolabe and its use in navigation in the 1500s. • Make, use, and test an astrolabe. Worldview Integration: • God wants us to read, circulate, and explain his Word to others. (Acts 8:26-40; letters of Paul) • God is the maker of the heavens and the Earth. (Genesis 1:1). • God gave us the stars and constellations to help us navigate here on Earth. (Matthew 2:1-12). Materials: • C1L4 “John Gutenberg and the Invention of the Printing Press” from Great Inventors and Their Inventions by Frank P. Bachman, teacher resource • C1L4 Making a Simple Astrolabe • C1L4 An Instrument with a Past and a Future, teacher resource • C1L4 Printing Press Illustrations, teacher resource • Potatoes or soft objects that can be formed into letters • Paper for printing press messages • Ink or paint to dip letters into to “print” their messages Introduction: Two important inventions made possible what we call the Age of Discovery (AD 1400-1799). One was the application of an ancient tool called the astrolabe—a compact instrument used to observe sun, moon, stars, and other celestial bodies. The other was the invention of the printing press by Johannes (John) Gutenberg. He figured out the use of movable type. Because of the printing press and the travel journals of the explorers, people across Europe were able to read about a new world and its potential for trade and wealth to Europeans.