Monitoring of Trace Metals and Pharmaceuticals As Anthropogenic and Socio- Economic Indicators of Urban and Industrial Impact on Surface Waters
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235768706 Monitoring of trace metals and pharmaceuticals as anthropogenic and socio- economic indicators of urban and industrial impact on surface waters Article in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · April 2013 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2811-x · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 50 301 3 authors: Yuliya Vystavna Philippe Le Coustumer Biology Centre CAS University of Bordeaux 102 PUBLICATIONS 658 CITATIONS 192 PUBLICATIONS 3,167 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Frederic Huneau Université de Corse Pascal Paoli 189 PUBLICATIONS 1,758 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Використання джерельних вод для питного водопостачання в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій у Східній Україні / Spring groundwater utilization for drinking water supply in emergency in East Ukraine View project Nanomaterials - nanoparticles analysis and behaviours for different applications such as medical, biotechnology and environmental ones View project All content following this page was uploaded by Yuliya Vystavna on 05 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Environ Monit Assess DOI 10.1007/s10661-012-2811-x Monitoring of trace metals and pharmaceuticals as anthropogenic and socio-economic indicators of urban and industrial impact on surface waters Y. Vystavna & P. Le Coustumer & F. Huneau Received: 30 March 2012 /Accepted: 25 July 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract The research focuses on the monitoring of for the determination of dissolved and labile trace metals trace metals and pharmaceuticals as potential anthropo- (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and pharmaceuticals genic indicators of industrial and urban influences on (carbamazepine, diazepam, paracetamol, caffeine, diclo- surface water. This study includes analysis of tracers use fenac, and ketoprofen). Samples were analyzed using for the indication of water pollution events and discus- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MS; sion of the detection method of these chemicals. The trace metals) and liquid chromatography–tandem MS following criteria were proposed for the evaluation of electrospray ionization+/− (pharmaceuticals). Our results indicators: specificity (physical chemical properties), demonstrate the distinctive spatial and temporal patterns variability (spatial and temporal), and practicality (ca- of trace elements distribution along an urban water- pacity of the sampling and analytical techniques). The course. Accordingly, two general groups of trace metals combination of grab and passive water sampling (i.e., have been discriminated: “stable” (Cd and Cr) and “time diffusive gradient in the thin film and polar organic varying” (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb). The relationship Cd≫Cu chemical integrated samplers) procedure was applied >Ag>Cr≥Zn was proposed as an anthropogenic signa- ture of the industrial and urban activities pressuring the Y. Vystavna : P. Le Coustumer environment from point sources (municipal wastewaters) Université de Bordeaux, EA 4592 Géoressources and the group Pb–Ni was discussed as a relevant finger- & Environnement, ENSEGID, print of the economic activity (industry and transport) 1 Allée F. Daguin, mainly from non-point sources (runoff, atmospheric dep- 33607 Pessac, France ositions, etc.). Pharmaceuticals with contrasting hydro- Y. Vystavna (*) chemical properties of molecules (water solubility, bio- Department of Environmental Engineering accumulation, persistence during wastewater treatment and Management, National Academy of Municipal processes) were discriminated on conservative, labile, Economy at Kharkiv, vul. Revolutsii 12, and with combined properties in order to provide infor- Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine mation on wastewater treatment plant efficiency, punc- e-mail: [email protected] tual events (e.g., accidents on sewage works, runoff), and uncontrolled discharges. Applying mass balance model- F. Huneau Laboratoire d’Hydrogéologie, ing, medicaments were described as relevant socio- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, economic indicators, which can give a picture of main Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France social aspects of the region. F. Huneau . CNRS, Keywords Water monitoring Pharmaceuticals Trace UMR 6134 SPE, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France metals . DGT. POCIS . Indicators . Ukraine Environ Monit Assess Introduction Trace metals are inorganic compounds issued from natural and anthropogenic sources (e.g., Schäfer et al. The contamination of urban water by trace elements 2009). Two general features discriminate metals from (i.e., detected at the level<1 μgL−¹) is associated with other trace pollutants: (1) they are not biodegradable regional environmental and socio-economic factors and thus are able to accumulate in sediments and (Dickenson et al. 2011). Climate, hydrological, living organisms; (2) their bioavailability and potential hydro-, and geochemical regional specificity is re- toxicity are largely controlled by present physical sponsible for the accumulation, dilution, complexa- chemical forms (Alonso et al. 2004) affecting their tion, and degradation of chemicals and what can accumulation and distribution along water courses derive from point (i.e., treated and untreated dis- (Baalousha et al. 2006). Ability of trace metals to charges of municipal wastewater treatment plants, in- deposit in the sediments is widely used for the reflec- dustrial manufacturing processes, leaky sewers, tion of local industrial, mining, and agricultural pres- combined sewer overflow, and onsite wastewater sys- sures on the area and for describing long-term tems) and nonpoint (diffusive) sources (i.e., runoff, pollution influences (Sanchez-Cabeza and Druffel precipitation; Daughton and Ternes 1999; Rowsell et 2009; Lepland et al. 2010). Trace metals were previ- al. 2010; Dickenson et al. 2011). Inputs and distribu- ously proposed as indicators (Christophoridis et al. tion of chemicals in urban waters are also linked to 2009; Schäfer et al. 2009) of the economic sector population density, consumption patterns, economic (industrial and transport: e.g., Ni and Pb for the indi- structure, and water use rate (Dickenson et al. 2011). cation of pollution by fossil fuel combustion and oil Other important issues are physical chemical proper- refinery processes by Soldi et al. (1996) and Mazzei et ties of elements (i.e., speciation and solubility), which al. (2008)) and urban activity (e.g., Ag as the tracer of can be responsible for their behavior and fate in the urban effluents by Guevara et al. (2005) and Lanceleur environment (i.e., accumulation complexation and et al. (2011)). biodegradation). Knowledge on impact factors and Pharmaceuticals are organic compounds signing properties of certain tracers in the environment can anthropogenic origin, produced, consumed and/or ex- be useful for the indication of changes in the environ- creted by humans and animals, or used in household ment (Dale and Bayeler 2001), assessing the degree of products. They relate to the consumption level, high industrial and urban pressures on the natural water, detection frequency, and already currently developed and source identification (McGeoch 1998; Duelli and monitoring and analytical techniques for the identifi- Obrist 2003). cation in the environment (Buerge et al. 2003; Clara et Our study focuses on the perspectives of the applica- al. 2004; Bartelt-Hunt et al. 2009;Froehneretal. tion of trace metals and pharmaceuticals with distinctive 2010). Pharmaceuticals are previously considered as properties and origin, as regional anthropogenic and good anthropogenic indicators of water contamination socio-economic indicators of industrial and urban pres- with treated and untreated domestic discharges (Clara sures on watercourses. et al. 2004; Nakada et al. 2008; Kasprzyk-Hordern et Trace metals and pharmaceuticals (TMP) have been al. 2009a) and as prospective anthropogenic markers previously considered as potential indicators of anthro- (Clara et al. 2004; Sankararamakrishnan and Guo pogenic inputs in natural waters (Kasprzyk-Hordern et 2005;Buergeetal.2006; Nakada et al. 2008; al. 2009a, b; Dickenson et al. 2011). Compared to Bahlmann et al. 2009) of the social activity (i.e., drug biological markers, the TMP have the following advan- consumption rate) (Bendz et al. 2005; Kasprzyk- tages: (1) their physical chemical properties (i.e., persis- Hordern et al. 2009a, b). tence, solubility, and degradation) are know as they are Selected tracers (trace metals: Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, linked to industrial or domestic pollution processes Pb, Zn; pharmaceuticals: caffeine, carbamazepine, di- (Dickenson et al. 2011); (2) monitoring of TMP typical- azepam, diclofenac, ketoprofen, and paracetamol) ly requires less sample preparation and time for the were monitored in the urban Udy River of the analysis (Bull et al. 2002; Hagedorn and Weisberg Seversky Donets watershed, in the Kharkiv region, 2009); and (3) data on their occurrence can be used as Ukraine. Previous research carried out in the studied socio-economic indicators in multidisciplinary studies watershed (Vystavna et al. 2010, 2012a, b, c) revealed (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. 2009b). that discharges of wastewater effluents are responsible Environ Monit Assess for the urban water contamination by trace metals and Ukraine, where the watercourse is used for recreation, pharmaceuticals. The reason was the mixing of do- drinking and