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Determination of the Ecological Risk of Deterioration in the Water Flow of the River Basin of Region,

O. Rybalova*, S. Artemiev*, I. Yermakovych*, H. Korobkova** and I. Kyrpychova**

* Department of Labor Protection and Technogenic-Ecological Safety, National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, 94 Chernyshevska str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61023 (E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) ** Department of ecology and life safety, Luhansk National Agrarian University, 68 Slobozhanska str., Starobіlsk, Ukraine (E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected])

Abstract The new method for assessment of the ecological risk of deterioration of a surface waters condition was presented. The methodology for assessment of the risk of the water ecosystem well- being disruption is based on the determination of all parameters of the state of quality of surface waters that exceed the ecological standards using the probit-regression model. The process of determining the ecological risk for watercourses of the Udy river basin in Kharkiv region showed a high level of danger to the well-being of the water ecosystem. Ranking of the observation posts for the quality status of the Udy river in terms of the ecological risk makes it possible to identify the most polluted river sections.

Keywords Ecological risk; river basin; rational use of water; water protection measures; surface waters; Kharkiv region; Udy river

INTRODUCTION The current state of surface waters requires the development of new scientific tools to prioritize the implementation of environmental protection measures. One of the most effective methods for determining the level of environmental hazard is an ecological risk assessment.

Method of assessment the ecological risk for disturbing the well-being of an aquatic ecosystem, presented in this paper, is based on the determination of ecological standards. The necessity of scientific substantiation of the permissible limit of anthropogenic impact on the qualitative condition of surface waters determines the relevance of this development. The implementation of the method for assessing the ecological risk of disturbing the well-being of an aquatic ecosystem is performed on determining the excess of ecological standards. The purpose of development of this method is to increase ecological safety and rational use of natural resources.

The Udy River basin has a transboundary significance and flows through the territory of a large industrial center of Ukraine. The region in general characterized by high anthropogenic pressures in many components of the environment. This is confirmed in different research papers (Vasenko et al., 2006; Vystavna et al., 2018; Vystavna et al., 2019), where the contamination of Udy river is affected on even groundwater and urban springs. Therefore, determination of implementation of environmental measures prioritization based on the assessment of such ecological risk is a very relevant task in Kharkiv region.

ANALYSIS OF RECENT STUDIES Many scientific studies are devoted to determination of surface waters pollution level, in particular in the field of ecological risk assessment. (Hofmann et al., 2015; Keese, 2010; Gov.uk, 2011; Tsybulskiy, 2015; Levenets et al., 2017).

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Generalized ecological risk comes down to two types: – the risk of contravention sustainability of ecosystems as a result of actual or potential environmental pollution; – the risk to public health is the probability of adverse health effects on human (Vasenko et al., 2015).

Currently, there is a large number of well-known methods for assessing the risk to public health, but in the majority of cases, they are based on sanitary and hygienic standards, limit (safe) values (Epa.gov, 2016).

The approaches to assessment of water bodies’ quality based on the determination of Threshold Limit Value (TLV) or Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) do not adequately reflect the state of the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the using of such limit values in the calculations of ecological risk is not correct. Although the measurement units of the level of environmental safety can be indicators, what characterizes the state of human health. There is the problem in determination of the deterioration risk of aquatic ecosystems.

The method for assessing ecological risks appeared from the impact of pollution sources on water bodies (Oehha.ca.gov, 2016) is based on the processing of data collected using a specially developed express scheme of field studies based primarily on biological data. The expert analysis of the characteristics of receptors and risk indicators, the size of anthropogenic pressure and possible threats to the aquatic ecosystem is applied at the level of detailed risk assessment. There are well known methods for assessment of the ecological risk for water bodies, based on the biological sensitivity and the response of certain organisms (Salem et al., 2016), as well as methods for the probable distribution of the species sensitivity (SSD) (Afanasyev and Grodzinskiy, 2004; Romanenko et al., 2009).

Ecological risk assessment using SSD reflects the probability that observed concentrations will exceed critical ones for organisms. Research (Afanasyev and Grodzinskiy, 2004; Romanenkoet al., 2009) was showed that probable results reflect empirical information well enough, so this method is valuable as an addition to more traditional approaches for calculating risks(EPA, 1994;Gottschalk and Nowack, 2012).

The disadvantage of the above mentioned methodological approaches is laboriousness, unequal conditions in aquatic ecosystems and the reaction of organisms, as well as the need toper form the additional hydrobiological studies with the involvement of leading experts.

In Directive 2000/60 / EC (EU WFD, 2006) it was proposed to carry out the risk assessment of priority substances, identified in accordance with Article 16 (2) and listed in Annex X. Currently, not all substances including those listed in Annex X are controlled and can be provided by official data of monitoring studies.This indicates the need to implement the risk assessment systems that will be provided by the existing monitoring system and statistical reporting.

The aim of this research is determination in prioritization of environmental measures implementation based on the assessment of the ecological risk of the aquatic ecosystems deterioration with consideration of established environmental standards.

11th Eastern European Young Water Professionals Conference IWA YWP, 1-5 October 2019, Prague, Czech Republic Other 530

RESEARCH METHODS The paper (Rybalovaand Artemiev, 2017) is proposed the method of the ecological risk assessment of the aquatic ecosystem deterioration based on the determination of environmental standards with consideration of the landscape and geographical features of river basins.

In case of absence of environmental standards in the work, it is proposed to use the upper limit of the 3 categories of surface water quality classification as a threshold value. This corresponds to class II in good condition according to the procedure. It is believed that if the ecological standard is exceeded, there is a risk of disturbing the well-being of the aquatic ecosystem. (Vasenko et al., 2016). Our article is proposed to use the methodology of ecological assessment of surface water quality for the relevant categories (Romanenko et al., 1998; Korobkova, 2016).

The value of the ecological index of water quality is determined by the following formula(Romanenko et al., 1998; Korobkova, 2016): I1I2 I3 Ie  , 3 (1) where І1 – contamination index of salt components; І2 – trophic-saprobiological index (ecological sanitation) indicators; І3 – index of specific indicators of toxic and radiation exposure.

At the second stage, ecological standards are determined according to the method presented in the article (Vasenko et al., 2016).

During developing ecological standards, it is necessary to apply a landscape-ecological approach, taking into account the geographical location, the dynamics of the formation and functioning of natural systems, their diversity and at the same time individual uniqueness, sustainability to climatic changes, natural and anthropogenic impacts (Vasenko et al., 2016).

Ecological standards can be individual (for specific and unique objects) and typical; promising and potentially possible (taking into account the latest technologies and trends), relatively stable (long- lasting) and operational (taking into account situational changes), acceptable and optimal (targeted).Ecological standards are scientifically based values of indicators (hydromorphological, hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, microbiological, radiation) of aquatic ecosystems, which reflect a good ecological condition of a water body. Ecological standards are established on a basis of analysis of the results of processing materials from previous hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, ecological toxicological and radioecological expeditionary research and regime observations. This is the fundamental difference between ecological standards for surface water quality and water use safety standards (threshold limit value (TLV)) for certain hazardous substances (Vasenko et al., 2017).

The risk of the well-being disturbing of an aquatic ecosystem (ER) is estimated by determining probits based on the following equation (Rybalova et al., 2018):   Prob  2,3  2,21lg  Ci , (2)    C ЕНі  3 where Сi – concentration of i-th substance in the water body, mg/dm ; СЕНі – ecological standard for the i-th substance in water body, mg/dm3.

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Table 1.Normal-probabilistic distribution with interconnection of probits and risk Prob ER Prob ER –3.0 0.001 0.1 0.540 –2.5 0.006 0.2 0.579 –2.0 0.023 0.3 0.618 –1.9 0.029 0.4 0.655 –1.8 0.036 0.5 0.692 –1.7 0.045 0.6 0.726 –1.6 0.055 0.7 0.758 –1.5 0.067 0.8 0.788 –1.4 0.081 0.9 0.816 –1.3 0.097 1.0 0.841 –1.2 0.115 1.1 0.864 –1.1 0.136 1.2 0.885 –1.0 0.157 1.3 0.903 –0.9 0.184 1.4 0.919 –0.8 0.212 1.5 0.933 –0.7 0.242 1.6 0.945 –0.6 0.274 1.7 0.955 –0.5 0.309 1.8 0.964 –0.4 0.345 1.9 0.971 –0.3 0.382 2.0 0.977 –0.2 0.421 2.5 0.994 –0.1 0.460 3.0 0.999 0.0 0.50 – –

At the third stage, in accordance with a principle of the normal-probabilistic distribution, for value of Рrob, the corresponding value of the ecological risk of deterioration of water bodies is established.

At the fourth stage, the total ecological risk of water bodies deterioration is determined by the formula (Vasenko et al., 2015):

ER 1(1  ER12 )(1   ER )...(1   ERn ), (3) where ЕR – summarized ecological risk of deterioration of water bodies; ЕR1,..., ЕRn – ecological risk of each pollutant substances.

At the fifth stage, the characteristic of the ecological risk of water bodies’ deterioration is given. In the interpretation of the obtained values of ecological risk it is proposed to use the following rank scale.

The classification of water bodies according to the ecological risk (Table 2) allows determining their suitability for water use. This is an important for the implementation of an iterative approach to the management of water protection activities.

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Table 2.Characteristics of surface water quality by the value of the ecological risk The value of ecological Qualitative assessment of the ecological Water quality class risk indicator (ER) risk of aquatic ecosystems deterioration Trophism

I Excellent 0.01–0.19 Minor risk Oligotrophic II Good 0.20–0.39 Increased risk Mesotrophic III Satisfactory 0.40–0.59 Significant risk Eutrophic IV Unsatisfactory 0.60–0.79 High risk Polytrophic V Bad 0.80–1.00 Critical risk Hypertrophic

The assessment of the ecological risk of disturbing the well-being of the aquatic ecosystem was performed for the watercourses of the Udy River basin in the Kharkiv region. The Udy River basin is one of the largest tributaries of the Seversky River and has a transboundary disposition. Total river length – 164 km, from them 127 km are flowed through the territory of the Kharkiv region. Total catchment area – 3894 km2, from them 3460 km2 are situated in Kharkiv region.

At the first stage, the degree of pollution of the Udy river watercourses is determined according to the method of ecological assessment of the quality of surface waters by the relevant (Romanenko et al., 1998; Korobkova, 2016).

The assessment of the ecological condition of the Udy River by the values of the ecological index showed the deterioration in the long-term period. The qualitative condition of the Udy River in the Kharkiv region is deteriorating from the border with (Urban-type settlement (uts) Okop) to the mouth (uts. Eshar).

The ranking of monitoring posts for the qualitative condition of the Udy River in the Kharkiv region by the value of the ecological index showed that the most polluted area is in uts. Eshar (Figure 1).

Figure 1.Ranking of monitoring posts for the qualitative condition of the Udy River in the Kharkiv region by the value of the ecological index

The ecological standards for the Udy River basin within the Kharkiv region were determined (Table 3).

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Table3. Ecological quality standards for surface waters of the Udy River basin No. Indicator uts Okop uts Peresichna uts Horoshevo uts Eshar 3 1. Mineralization, mg/dm 548 603 739 658 3 2. Sulfates, mg/dm 28.7 104 165 185 3 3. Chlorides, mg/dm 114 36.5 86.3 81.7 4. Ammonium nitrogen, mg/dm 0.434 0.39 2.52 3.71 3 5. Nitrite nitrogen, mgN/dm 0.065 0.02 0.189 0.293 3 6. Nitrogen nitrate, mgN/dm 2.39 0.54 2.79 2.62 7. Phosphorus Phosphates, mgР/dm3 0.61 0.92 9.0 1.13 8. Suspended solids, mg/dm3 8.99 17.4 19.5 38.8 3 9. Dissolved oxygen, mgО/ dm 7.72 9.02 7.3 8.36 3 10. BOD-5, mgО/dm 3.19 3.47 5.2 4.8 3 11. COD, mgО/dm 29.6 26.5 0.01 29.4 12. рH 7.86 7.82 7.71 7.62 3 13. Surfactant, mg/dm 0.015 0.018 0.023 0.16 3 14. Petroleum products, mg/dm 0.07 0.12 0.15 0.16 3 15. Iron total, mg/dm 0.15 0.25 0.24 0.13 3 16. Manganese, mg/dm - - 0.022 0.04 3 17. Cuprum, mg/dm 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.01 3 18. Zinc, mg/dm 0.007 0.011 0.015 0.07

It should be noted that the maximum ecological index value for establishing the permissible ecological standard in uts. Horoshevo and uts. Eshar corresponds to category 6, class 4 (bad condition), and the average ecological index value in uts. Eshar - category 5, class 3 (unsatisfactory condition).

Table 4. Characteristics of the Udy river basin in the Kharkiv region for the ecological risk of deterioration of the status of aquatic ecosystems Qualitative ecological risk River's title, post observation ER Class assessment River Udy, uts Horoshevo 0.64 4 High risk River Udy, uts Peresichna 0.63 4 High risk River Udy, uts Eshar 0.60 4 High risk River Udy, uts Okop 0.39 2 Increased risk

For determination of complex of environmental measures, it is necessary to identify the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the ecological condition of this river and analyze the rationality of the economic use of the drainage basin of the river.

11th Eastern European Young Water Professionals Conference IWA YWP, 1-5 October 2019, Prague, Czech Republic Other 534

Figure 2. Ranking of watercourses of the Udy River Basin in the Kharkiv region by the value of the ecological risk of deterioration of aquatic ecosystems

CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the assessment of ecological risk disturbance of well-being of the aquatic ecosystem was made for the watercourses of the Udy River basin in the Kharkiv region based on the determination of ecological standards. This assessment showed that the risk value for watercourses situated in Kharkiv corresponds to the 4th class (high risk). Thereby, these rivers are required the priority implementation of environmental protection measures.

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Korobkova, H. (2016) The current ecological status of the Siverskyi Donets basin within the Kharkiv region. Bulletin of the Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: Ecology, 2016, 14, 66-70. [online] http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/VKhNU_2016_14_11. Levenets, V., Rolik, I.,Shepelev, A., Krivchenko, O. (2017) Application of risk assessment methods in nuclear energy. Questions of atomic science and technology, 4(110), 54-58. ISSN 1562-6016. [online] https://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/TABFRAME.html. Oehha.ca.gov (2016) OEHHA Water. [online] http://www.oehha.ca.gov/water.html. Romanenko, V., Afanasyev, S., Tsybulskiy, A. (2009) Appraisal of Methodology of Ecological Risks Assessment Arising From Pollution of The Rivers of the Ukraine. Threats to Global Water Security, 2009, 323-332. Romanenko,V., Zhukynskyy,V., Oksijuk,O. et al.(1998) Methodology of ecological assessment of surface water quality by relevant categories, Kyiv, 28. Rybalova, O., Artemiev, S. (2017) Development of a procedure for assessing the ecological risk of the surface water status deterioration. EasternEuropean Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5(10-89), 67-76. DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2017.112211. Rybalova, O., Artemiev, S., Sarapina, M., Tsymbal, B., Bakharevа, A.,Shestopalov, O., Filenko, O. (2018) Development of methods for estimating the ecological risk of degradation of the surface water state. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2/10 (92),4-17. Salem, T., Ahmed, Sh.S., Hamed, M., Abd ElAziz, G. (2016) Risk assessment of hazardous impacts on urbanization and industrialization activities based upon toxic substances. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 2(2), 163-176. DOI: 10.7508/gjesm.2016.02.007. Tsybulskiy, A. (2015) Environmental risk assessment within the framework of the WFD 2000/60 goals in Ukraine. Science Records. Biology series, 3-4(64), 706-709. [online] http://journal.chem- bio. com.ua/archive/archive-2/category/35-seriia-biolohii-3-4-64?start=180. Vasenko, О., Rybalova, O., Artemiev, S., Korobkova,H. et al. (2015) Integral and comprehensive environmental assessment: monograph, 419. Vasenko O., Rybalova O., Korobkova G. (2016) Determination of ecological standards for surface water quality, taking into account forecast models and regional features. East Europian Scientific Journal, 8(12), 3, 5-13. Vasenko, A., Korobkova, A., Rybalova, O. (2017) Ecological normalization of surface water quality taking into account regional peculiarities. Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, 1(44), 21-33. Vasenko, O., Lungu, M., Ilyevskaya, Yu., Klimov, O. et al. (2006) Complex expeditionary studies of the ecological status of water bodies in the Uda River basin (Siverskyi Donets sub-basin. VD "Ryder", Kharkiv, 156. Vystavna, Y., Schmidt, S., Diadin, D., Rossi, P., Vergeles, Y., Erostate, M., Yermakovych, I., Yakovlev, V., Knoller, K., Vadillo, I. (2019) Multi-tracing of recharge seasonality and contamination in urban groundwater. Water Research, 413-422. Vystavna Y., Frkova Z., Celle-Jeanton H., Diadin D., Huneau F., Steinmann M., Crini N., Loup C., (2018) Priority substances and emerging pollutants in urban rivers in Ukraine: Occurrence, fluxes and loading to transboundary European Union watersheds. Science of the Total Environment, 637-638C, 1358-1362.

11th Eastern European Young Water Professionals Conference IWA YWP, 1-5 October 2019, Prague, Czech Republic

11th Eastern European Young Water Professionals Conference

Conference Proceedings

Water for All - Water for Nature, Reliable Water Supply, Wastewater Treatment and Reuse

1-5 October 2019, Prague, Czech Republic http://iwa-ywp.eu/

Organised by: Organised under the auspices of: Co-organised by:

Czech Water YWP CZ Association

Budapest University of The Faculty of Civil Enginee- Technology and Economics ring of the Czech Technical University in Prague Wrocław University of

The Faculty of Agrobiology, Science and Technology More information: Food and Natural Resources of

the Czech University of Life The Faculty of Chemical and Sciences Prague Food Technology of the Slovak University of Technology The Water Supply and Sewerage

Association of the Czech Republic

th 11 Eastern European Young Water Professionals Conference

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Water for All – Water for Nature, Reliable Water Supply, Wastewater Treatment and Reuse

1-5 October 2019, Prague, Czech Republic

Editors:

Maryna Feierabend

Jiří Wanner

Petra Vachová

Typesetting:

Eva Sebestyén

Liudmyla Odud

Maja Djogo

Maria Danilycheva

Olha Novytska

Cover Design:

Maryna Feierabend

Prague 2019 SPONSORS

Gold Sponsor - WTE (Germany) Gold Sponsor - Endress+Hauser (Germany)

Sponsor - Energie AG (Czech Republic) Sponsor - SUEZ (Czech Republic)

Sponsor - Energie AG (Czech Republic)

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Chair: Dr. Feierabend M. (IWA YWP, Germany) Co-Chair: Vachová P. (Co-Chair IWA YWP of Czech Republic, VWS Memsep, Czech Republic)

Committee members: Dr. Lavrnić S. (University of Bologna, Italy/Serbia) Ibrahimllari A. (IWA YWP Program, Albania) Dr. Schilling K. (IAWD – Danube Water Program, Austria) Sebestyén É. (UTB Envirotec Ltd., Hungary) Dr. Djogo M. (University of Novi Sad, Serbia) Dejus S. (Riga Technical University, Latvia) Danilycheva M. (Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russia) Ciepliński J. (Cracow University of Technology, Poland) Proft R. (WTE, Germany) Dr. Nuić I. (University of Split, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, Croatia) Odud L. (Rivne regional water supply company, Ukraine) Mohseni E. (Technical University of Dresden, Germany) Filipic A. (National Institute of Biology, Slovenia) Ikizoglu Z. R. (Tübitak Marmara Research Center, Turkey) Čiháková P. (University of Chemistry and Technology, Czech Republic) Harciník F. (Chair IWA YWP of Czech Republic, Severočeské vo-dovody a kanalizace, a.s., Czech Republic) Kelbich P. (Pražské vodovody a kanalizace, a.s., Czech Republic) Sochor J. (Gymnázium Blovice, Czech Republic) Soukupová K. (Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic)

PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

Chair: Prof. Wanner J. (University of Chemistry and Technology, Czech Republic) Co-Chair: Prof. Jobbágy A. (Budapest University of Technology& Economic, Hungary)

Committee members: Mr. Förster G. (BESINO Environment Ltd., China) Prof. Krampe J. (TU Vienna, Austria) Dr. Hübner U. (TU Munich, Germany) Dr. Vasyukova E. (WTE, Germany) Prof. Makinia J. (Gdansk University of Technology, Poland) Dr. Wójtowicz P. (Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland) Dr. Vouk D. (University of Zagreb, Croatia) Dr. Szlachta M. (Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland) Dr. Bakos V. (Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary) Prof. Juhna T. (Riga Technical University, Latvia) Dr. Novytska O. (National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Ukraine) Dr. Rudic Z. (Institute for the Development of Water Resources "Jaroslav Cerni", Serbia) Dr. Çelebi A. (Sakarya University, Turkey) Dr. Drewnowski J. (Gdansk University of Technology, Poland) Dr. Langone M. (University of Trento, Italy) Dr. Srb M. (Pražské vodovody a kanalizace, a.s., Czech Republic)

4

CONTENTS

WATER MANAGEMENT Andjelic L., Andjelic N., Jacimovic N., Petkovic S., Pavlovic M., Vlajic D. Urban Rainwater Harvesting System: Possible Application for Car Washing 10 Andjelic N., Andjelic L., Ivanovic S., Erić R. Application of SWMM Software Package for Management of Rainwater Drainage Systems of Urban Basins – Example of Drainage for Combined Cycle Power Plant 16 Asatryan V. L., Dallakyan M. R. The Rapid Biological Assessment of Ecological Status of Arpa River (Armenia) 23 Celik A., Hasar H. Fabrication and Characterization of Bipolar Membranes for Acid and Base Recovery 31 Costa B. F., Brito L. K. S., Costa M. E. L., Koide S., Roig H. L. Evaluation of the Impact of Residential Urban Patterns on Water Ecosystem Services in Federal District, Brazil 37 Danylenko Iu., Bohaienko V. Patterns of Changes in Soil Moisture Content Depending on Agrolandscapes Structure in Southern Ukraine 44 Dezhina I. S., Orlov V. A. Influence of the Internal Protective Coatings Surface Texture to the Transport Capacity of the Pipelines 51 Diaz-Sosa V., Tapia-Salazar M., Wanner J., Cardenas-Chavez D. Toxicology Assessment of Emerging Contaminants Found in Secondary Effluent of Prague’s WWTP on Aquatic Species with Ecological and Economical Relevance 58 Gevorkov L., Mikhelashvili I. Simulation of Sensorless Flow Measurement System for Centrifugal Pump System 64 Kudlek E. Chlorine Presence Influence on Transformation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (Cecs) During UV-Based Processes 71 Kupczyk A., Kołecka K. Beach Wrack Management as Example of Circular Economy 79 Nováková J., Ručka J., Fučík D. Statistical Description of Time Series of Water Consumption in the Consumption Area 85 Sezen C., Partal T. Daily Rainfall-runoff Modelling by Support Vector Regression, Symbolic Regression and GR4J Models 93 Stroganova M. S., Kushnerov A. I., Shishkin A. I. Integrated Assessment of Technogenic Load on Water Ecosystems Based on Biodiversity and Hydrochemical Indexes 101 5

Unlu D. Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Chitosan Membrane Filled with UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Dewatering of Biobutanol by Pervaporation 109 Yalçın İ., Kazezyılmaz-Alhan C. M., Javanshour K., Aytekin M., Gülbaz S. A Hydrological Model for Ayamama Watershed in Istanbul, Turkey Using HEC- HMS 116 DRINKING WATER Amvrosieva T. V., Paklonskaya N. V., Belskaya I. V., Laziuk S. K., Kazinets O. N., Shilova Yu. A. Possible Indicator Role of Adenoviruses for Assessing Viral Contamination of Water 123 Bibok A. Hydraulic Model Calibration and Performance Assessment of Pressure Managed Areas with Multiple Inlets 129 Fakioglu M., Gulhan H., Ozgun H., Ersahin E., Ozturk I. Determination of Optimum Operational Conditions for the Removal of 2-MIB from Drinking Water by Peroxone Process: A Pilot Scale Study 137 Ferreira M. A., Brandão C. C. S., Simões C. P. P., Braga F. M. G. A Pilot-Scale Experimental Study on the Adequacy of Filtration Mode of Operation and Filter Media in the Brasília Water Treatment Plant - Federal District - Brazil 145 Fonseca I. R., Cárdenas D. V., Prauchner M. J., Ginoris Y. P. Removal of Cylindrospermopsin by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Synthesized from Coconut Shell 153 Gönczi G., Kreka R. Energy Consumption Reduction and Utilization of Renewable Energy in Pump Stations 161 Govedarica O. R., Rajaković-Ognjanović V. N., Đukić A. R., Lekić B.M., Babić B. B. Improving Quality of Drinking Water in the Water Treatment Plant by Decrease of Hardness with Respect to Sodium Concentration Control 168 Huzsvár T., Wéber R., Hős C. Fire and Drinking Water Capacity Enhancement in Water Distribution Networks 175 Mandić M., Štrbački J. Comparative Analyzes of Hydro-chemical Properties of Bottled Waters in Serbia 182 Sam S., Yukselen M. A., Can Z. S. Investigation of the Effect of Pre-ozonation on Organic Matter Removal via Flocculation 188 Saprykina M. N., Bolgova E. V., Melnyk L. O., Goncharuk V. V. Water Disinfection from Microorganisms Using Chitosan 196 Šíblová D., Biela R. Experimental Determination of Efficiency Adsorbent Bayoxide E33 of Removal Micropollutants from Water 204 6

Tonev R., Dimova G. Investigation of Chlorine Wall Decay in Decommissioned Metallic Pipe Using Pipe Section Reactor 211 Trusz A., Wolf-Baca M., Leluk K. Search for Materials Used for Tap Water Transmission Reducing the Capacity for Development of Biofilm – Preliminary Research 219 Vojdani Z., Gorczyca B. Natural Organic Matter Biodegradability and THMFP in High DOC Waters 227 Wolf-Baca M., Siedlecka A. Prevalence of Legionella spp. and Escherichia coli in the Drinking Water Distribution System of Wroclaw (Poland) 234 Yermakovych I., Vystavna Y. Pollution of Urban Groundwater by Emerging Contaminants in Kharkiv Region, Ukraine 242 Zakhar R., Zembjaková I., Villaverde I. C., Čacho F., Derco J., Hudec P. Comparison of Different Adsorption Materials for Pentavalent Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water 249 WASTEWATER Aghajani Shahrivar A., Hagare D., Maheshwari B., Muhitur Rahman M. The Effect of Irrigation Using Secondary and Advance Treated Wastewaters on Soil Properties under Kikuyu Grass Production 257 Antić K., Petrović M., Adamović D., Turk-Sekulić M., Sakulski D., Radonić J. Characterization of Leachate from Non-sanitary Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Novi Sad 265 Bawiec A., Pawęska K. Changes of the Granulometric Composition of Particles in Wastewater Flowing through the Hydroponic Lagoon in III° Wastewater Treatment Plant 273 Bolgár A., Boldizsár G., Miskei S. M., Blanc R. Evaluation of Sentry Sensor for Real-time Biochemical Oxygen Demand Measurement Capabilities 281 Caglak A., Sari Erkan H., Onkal Engin G. Micropollutants Removal in Submerged Membrane Bioreactors at Different SRT Values and Variations of Extracellular Polymeric Substances 287 Dalgıç Bozyiğit G., Fırat M., Chormey D. S., Onkal Engin G., Bakırdere S. Enhancing the Accuracy and Precision in Quantifying the Pesticides Present in Complex Environmental and Food Samples by GC-MS Using Matrix Matching Calibration and Isotopically Labelled Internal Standard 294 Essert S. M., Zacharias N., Brunsch A. F., Christoffels E., Kistemann T., Schreiber C.

Performance of Retention soil Filters for the Reduction of Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria and Other Pathogenic Microorganisms in Raw and Treated Wastewater before Being Discharged into Surface Waters 302

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Guerra A. A. A. M., Damasceno F. L., Barreto C. C. K., Campos A. F., Amorim A. K. B Application of Core-shell Bimagnetic Nanoparticles for Removal of Phosphorus from Aqueous Solution 310 Harciník F., Pečenka M., Vrábel M. Limits of Increased Simultaneous Phosphorus Precipitation in WWTP Bílina 317 Klimonda A., Kowalska I. Separation and Concentration of Cationic Surfactant Solutions with the Use of Ceramic Modules 324 Kolomazníková M., Havlíček K., Lederer T. The Dependency and Behaviour of Suspended and Immobilized Biomass in Activated Sludge 332 Kumi A.G., Ibrahim M. G., Nasr M., Manabu F. Synthesis, Characterisation and Adsorption Properties of a Sewage Sludge Derived Biochar Modified With Eggshell 339 Miłobędzka A., Vejmelková D., Bartáček J. Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Different DNA Fractions Sampled at Wastewater Treatment Plant 347 Nardi A., Mannucci A., Polizzi C., Spennati F., Munz G. On-Line Titrimeter: Full Scale Biosensor for Control in Wastewater Treatment 355 Nigiz F. U., Yucak A. I., Hilmioglu N. D. Purification of Emulsified Oil by Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Membrane 362 Pawęska K., Bawiec A., Baran J. Wastewater Flow Conditions in a Hydroponic Lagoon in Terms of Quality of Treated Sewage 370 Peterková E., Pečenka M., Wanner J., Nováková Z., Srb M. Wastewater Recycling for Use in Water Management in the Cities of Future 377 Reinhardt T., Gómez Elordi M., Minke R., Schönberger H., Rott E. Batch Studies of Phosphonate Adsorption on Granular Ferric Hydroxides 384 Spennati F., Mora M., Bardi A., Becarelli S., Siracusa G., Di Gregorio S., Gabriel D., Mori G., Munz G. Characterization and Modelling of Fungal and Bacterial Tannin-degrading Biofilms with Respirometric Techniques 393 Szombathy P., Jobbágy A. Cost Effective Improvement of the Performance of an SBR System Using a Floating Seal 401 Tomaszewski M., Gamoń F., Łukowiec D., Zgórska A., Ziembińska-Buczyńska A. Ecotoxicity Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials on the Activated Sludge Microorganisms 408 Toth A. J. Investigation of Tetrahydrofuran Removal Technology from Process Wastewater 416 8

Toth A. J., Ladanyi R., Szilagyi B., Haaz E. Isopropanol Removal from Pharmaceutical Process Wastewater with Combination of Distillation and Pervaporation 422 Unlu D. Recovery of Cutting Oil from Wastewater by Pervaporation Process Using Natural Clay Modified PVA Membrane 429 Unugul T., Nigiz F. U. Purification of Copper Metal Using Carbonized Mandarin Peel 436 Veréb G., Engin Gayır V., Nascimben Santos E., Fazekas Á., Kertész Sz., Hodúr C., László Zs. Purification of Real Car Wash Wastewater with Complex Coagulation/Flocculation Methods Using Polyaluminum Chloride, Polyelectrolyte, Clay Mineral and Cationic Surfactant 444 Zakar M., Beszédes S., Hanczné Lakatos E., Keszthelyi-Szabó G., László Zs. Purification and Improved Biogas Production from Real Dairy Wastewaters by Combining Membrane Separation with Fenton-reaction and Ozone as Pre- treatments 452 OTHER Diniz A. B. N. , Fernandes Junior J., Soares A. K. Numerical Modelling of Hydraulic Transients Considering Dynamics Effects in a Water Pumping System 458 Intriago Zambrano J. C., van Dijk R., Michavila J., Arenas Pinilla E., Diehl J.-C., Ertsen M. W. Co-creation of Affordable and Clean Pumped Irrigation for Smallholders: Lessons from Nepal and Malawi 466 Kancheva V. G., Gadjalska N. I. Assessment of the Reliability of a Hydraulic Model of the Topolnitza River with a Limited Number of Data 474 Laskawiec E. Evaluation of Migration Potential of Water-Based Paints Used in Flexographic Printing into the Aqueous Environment from Selected Plastics 482 Lempart A., Kudlek E., Dudziak M. Concentrations of Emerging Organic Contaminants in Swimming Pools 489 Maamoun I., Eljamal O., Falyouna O. A., Eljamal R., Sugihara Y. Stimulating Effect of Magnesium Hydroxide on Aqueous Characteristics of Iron Nanocomposites 497 Mentes A., Stournara P., Spyrou D., Samaras A., Galiatsatou P. The Smart-Water Project: Smart Metering in the City of Thessaloniki 505 Mentes A., Stournara P., Spyrou D. Towards Smart Infrastructure: A Case Study in the Water Supply System of Thessaloniki 513