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Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine and Russia

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Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine and Russia Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine and Russia By Gregory F. Ulmishek U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2201-E U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director Version 1.0, 2001 This publication is only available online at: http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/pub/bulletins/b2201-e/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Manuscript approved for publication July 3, 2001 Published in the Central Region, Denver, Colorado Graphics by Susan Walden and Gayle M. Dumonceaux Photocomposition by Gayle M. Dumonceaux Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 2 Province Overview ....................................................................................................................... 2 Province Location and Boundaries................................................................................. 2 Tectono-Stratigraphic Development .............................................................................. 4 Present-Day Structure ...................................................................................................... 6 Petroleum System.............................................................................................................. 9 Dnieper-Donets Paleozoic Total Petroleum System............................................................... 9 Discovery History............................................................................................................... 9 Petroleum Occurrence ..................................................................................................... 9 Source Rocks ..................................................................................................................... 10 Reservoir Rocks ................................................................................................................10 Traps ................................................................................................................................... 10 Assessment Units ............................................................................................................. 12 Carboniferous–Lower Permian Clastics, Assessment Unit 10090101 ............. 12 Devonian Synrift, Assessment Unit 10090102 ..................................................... 12 Continuous Basin-Centered Gas Accumulation, Assessment Unit 10090103 ..................................................................................... 12 References Cited ......................................................................................................................... 14 Figures 1. Map showing petroleum systems and assessment units of Dnieper-Donets basin............................................................................................................ 3 2. Map showing location of Dnieper-Donets basin.............................................................. 4 3. Columnar stratigraphic section of Dnieper-Donets basin .............................................. 5 4. Cross section of Dnieper-Donets basin ............................................................................. 7 5. Generalized structural map of Dnieper-Donets basin ..................................................... 8 6. Total petroleum system events chart ................................................................................. 11 Table 1. Dnieper-Donets Basin, Province 1009 Assessment Results Summary— Allocated Resources .............................................................................................................13 III Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine and Russia By Gregory F. Ulmishek Foreword Example Region, single digit 3 Province, three digits to the right of region This report was prepared as part of the World Energy code 3162 Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. In the project, the world Total petroleum system, two digits to the right was divided into 8 regions and 937 geologic provinces. The of province code 316205 provinces were ranked according to the discovered oil and gas Assessment unit, two digits to the right of volumes within each (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy petroleum system code 31620504 Assessment Team, 2000). Subsequently, 76 “priority” prov­ The codes for the regions and provinces are listed in U.S. Geo­ inces (exclusive of the U.S. and chosen for their high rank) and logical Survey World Energy Assessment Team (2000). 26 “boutique” provinces (exclusive of the U.S. and chosen for Oil and gas reserves quoted for the Dnieper-Donets basin their anticipated petroleum richness or special regional eco­ are from Petroleum Exploration and Production Database (Pet­ nomic importance) were selected for appraisal of oil and gas roconsultants, 1996) and other area reports from Petroconsult­ resources. The petroleum geology of these priority and boutique ants, Inc., unless otherwise noted. provinces is described in this series of reports. A map, figure 1 of this report, shows the boundaries of the The purpose of the World Energy Project is to aid in assess­ total petroleum system and the assessment unit. The map was ing the quantities of oil, gas, and natural gas liquids that have a compiled using geographic information system (GIS) software. potential to be added to reserves during the next 30 years. These Political boundaries and cartographic representations were estimated resources are in undiscovered fields whose sizes taken, with permission, from Environmental Systems Research exceed the stated minimum-field-size cutoff value for an assess­ Institute’s ArcWorld 1:3 million scale digital coverage (1992), ment unit (variable, but at least 1 million barrels of oil equiva­ have no political significance, and are displayed for general ref­ lent), or they are reserve growth of fields already discovered. erence only. Oil and gas field centerpoints shown on the map are The petroleum system is the basic geologic unit of the oil reproduced, with permission, from Petroconsultants (1996). and gas assessment. A total petroleum system includes all genetically related petroleum in shows and accumulations (dis­ covered and undiscovered) that was generated by a pod or by closely related pods of mature source rock. This petroleum Abstract exists within a limited mappable geologic space, together with the essential mappable geologic elements (source, reservoir, The Dnieper-Donets basin is almost entirely in Ukraine, trap, and seal) that control the fundamental processes of genera­ and it is the principal producer of hydrocarbons in that country. tion, expulsion, migration, entrapment, and preservation of A small southeastern part of the basin is in Russia. The basin is petroleum. bounded by the Voronezh high of the Russian craton to the An assessment unit is a mappable part of a total petroleum northeast and by the Ukrainian shield to the southwest. The system in which discovered and undiscovered fields constitute a basin is principally a Late Devonian rift that is overlain by a single relatively homogeneous population, such that the chosen Carboniferous to Early Permian postrift sag. The Devonian rift methodology of resource assessment based on estimation of the structure extends northwestward into the Pripyat basin of number and sizes of undiscovered fields is applicable. A total Belarus; the two basins are separated by the Bragin-Loev uplift, petroleum system might equate to a single assessment unit, or it which is a Devonian volcanic center. Southeastward, the may be divided into two or more assessment units, such that Dnieper-Donets basin has a gradational boundary with the each assessment unit is sufficiently homogeneous in terms of Donbas foldbelt, which is a structurally inverted and deformed geology, exploration considerations, and risk to be assessed part of the basin. individually. The sedimentary succession of the basin consists of four A numeric code identifies each region, province, total tectono-stratigraphic sequences. The prerift platform sequence petroleum system, and assessment unit; these codes, uniform includes Middle Devonian to lower Frasnian, mainly clastic, throughout the World Energy Project, are: rocks that were deposited in an extensive intracratonic basin. 1 The Upper Devonian synrift sequence probably is as thick as 86 percent is gas (Petroconsultants, 1996). However, the in- 4–5 kilometers. It is composed of marine carbonate, clastic, place oil and gas resources reported by Ukrainian geologists and volcanic rocks and two salt formations, of Frasnian and suggest that recoverable reserves actually may be larger Famennian age, that are deformed into salt domes and plugs. (Yevdoshchuk and others, 1998). About 30 percent of the gas The postrift sag sequence consists of Carboniferous and Lower reserves are in the Shebelinka gas field (fig. 1), the largest field Permian clastic marine and alluvial deltaic rocks that are as in the basin. The basin is ranked 36th among 102
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