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STATE of the SIVERSKYI DONETS BASIN and RELATED RISKS UNDER MILITARY OPERATIONS Technical Report

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STATE OF THE SIVERSKYI DONETS BASIN AND RELATED RISKS UNDER MILITARY OPERATIONS Technical report 3 Contents INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................................5 BASIN, WATER USE AND CHANGES OVER THE PERIOD OF HOSTILITIES ...................................................................7 ASSESSMENT OF WATER BODIES IN THE NON-GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED AREAS .........................................14 SURFACE WATER STATUS AND ITS CHANGES BASED ON THE MONITORING DATA .............................................20 HAZARD AND PREDICTED CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS.......................................................................................33 FURTHER STEPS: SURFACE WATERS ................................................................................................................................39 Dedicating the monitoring system to surface water quality ......................................................................................39 Analysis of sources and consequences of human-made accidents and emergency response measures .....42 GROUNDWATER STATUS .......................................................................................................................................................44 COAL MINE FLOODING AND ITS CAUSES ..........................................................................................................................54 FURTHER STEPS: GROUNDWATERS...................................................................................................................................61 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................................62 ANNEXES ...................................................................................................................................................................................66 4 LIST OF ABREVIATIONS CD Central Donbas PJSC Private joint stock company CM Communal enterprise PSGS Public Service of Geology and Subsoil EU European Union RPE Research and production enterprise GCA Government controlled areas SD BAWR Siverskiy Donets Basin Administration of Water Resources LLC Limited Liability Company SE State Enterprise MAC Maximum Allowable Concentra- SESU State Emergency Service of Ukraine tion Minecology Ministry of Ecology and Natural SWB Surface water bodies Resources of Ukraine NGCA Non-government controlled TPP Thermal power plant areas OJSC Open Joint Stock Company WPI Water pollution index OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 5 INTRODUCTION information about the environmental situation and natural resources in the Donetsk and Luhansk Regions; In November 2017, the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in • Regular refinement and update of information Ukraine presented an overview of the environmental on the industrial and municipal facilities that issues and priorities for environmental recovery in have already become, or hold the potential eastern Ukraine1. The short-term follow-up actions to become, major sources of environmental recommended by the survey included, among others: hazard as a result of the hostilities; • Restore, expand, and automate monitoring on • Systematize the available data about the pollution control, and environmental reporting environmental situation and environmental in the said area; hazard sources in the conflict-affected area; arrange for broad dissemination of the • Respond to the impact resulting from the respective data and free access to them; altered flow and deterioration in the quality of mine waters; modernize the principles and • Take an inventory of information gaps on the practices of mine operation, decommissioning environmental situation and environmental and rehabilitation; hazard sources in the conflict-affected area; arrange for targeted studies to fill those gaps; • Modernize the use and protection of the region's surface waters based on the river basin • Arrange for unimpeded access to existing approach considering international experience. 1 OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine, 2017 6 In 2018, the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine The review was prepared by Mr. N. Denisov (“Zoї” developed and implemented a project “Assisting the Environment Network, Switzerland) based on the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine project results obtained in 2018. The preparation of in Improving Environmental Monitoring Mechanisms”. the survey, inter alia, used materials and evaluations The main objective of the project was to lay the basis by Ms. K. Boyko (State Information Geological Fund of for the Siverskyi Donets River Basin Management Plan Ukraine), Ms. N. Bilotserkivska and Ms. I. Sydorenko within the Kharkiv, Luhansk, and Donetsk Regions in (Siverskyi-Donets Basin Administration of Water accordance with the requirements of the new legislation Resources), Mr. V. Yermakov, Mr. O. Ulytskyi and of Ukraine in the field of protection and use of water Ms. O. Luniova (Research Institute of Ecological Safety resources, as well as requirements of the EU Directive and Management of the State Ecological Academy “Establishing a Framework for the Community Action of Postgraduate Education and Management), in the Field of Water Policy” (2000/60/EU). Following Ms. O. Koshlyakova (Institute of Geology), up on the 2017 recommendations, an important part Mr. Yu. Nabyvanets and Ms. N. Osadcha (Ukrainian of the project was to study further the surface and Hydrometeorological Institute), Mr. E. Osiyskyi (Basin groundwater status, the existing and potential sources Administration of Water Resources of the Tysa River), of their pollution and improve monitoring system in Ms. M. SKobley, Mr. O. Yaroshevych, as well as State the conflict-affected area in eastern Ukraine, including Regional Geological Company “Vostok” and the State non-government controlled areas (NGCA). Regional Geological Company “Donetskgeology” of the Public Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine, This review summarizes the results of the studies and and Institute of Environmental Protection of the provides newer field and analytical data to state authorities Slovak Republic. Comments and consultations were and general public, results of the expert analysis of the prepared by Mr. D. Averin. situation, and outlines areas for further activities. 7 Project management from the OSCE Project BASIN, WATER USE AND CHANGES Co-ordinator in Ukraine by Ms. A. Yushchuk, Ms. I. Loik and Mr. Y. Yurtsaba. OVER THE PERIOD OF HOSTILITIES Artwork and design: Ms. I. Shesurak Photograhy: Maksym Levin The Siverskyi Donets river basin in Ukraine (Fig. 1.1) accounts for 55% of the total catchment area, has Opinions, conclusions and interpretations stated an extensive hydrographic network of 290 rivers herein reflects the author's point of view and may not that stretch over 10 km and is characterized by coincide with the official position of the OSCE Project pronounced left-hand asymmetry: the left-bank part Co-ordinator in Ukraine. of the basin occupies 68% and the right-bank – 32% of its total area. One of the characteristic features of the Siverskyi Donets river basin in Ukraine is an uneven flow volume distribution with a background of high population density and industrial crowding in the basins of the right tributaries: the rivers Udy (Kharkiv Region), Kazennyi and Kryvyi Torets, Bakhmutka (Donetsk Region), Verkhnya Bilenka and Luhan (Luhansk Region). 8 Fig. 1.1 Siverskyi Donets and Lower Don river basins SUMY and contact line REGION The Lower Don Sub-Basin KHARKIV REGION POLTAVA REGION The Siverskyi Donets Sub-Basin LUHANSK REGION Contact Line DONETSK REGION DNIPROPETROVSK REGION ZAPORIZHYA REGION 9 Table 1.1 Changes in the Siverskyi Donets river basin territory due to hostilities 2013 2014 GCA NGCA The Siver- Bed length 723 km Bed length 539 km Bed length 184 km skyi Donets in Ukraine Catchment area 47.5 thous km2 (87%) of the catchment 7.3 thous km2 (13%) of the catchment area with the Kharkiv Region area 54.8 thous km2 including in Bed length 95 km Bed length without changes Outlet of the Kryvyi Torets, outlet of the the Donetsk Bakhmutka (12 km) within the limits Region Catchment area Catchment area 7.5 thous km2 (95%) of Horlivka, the Karapulka with the Luhansk Reservoir 8.01 thous km2 including Bed length 253 km Bed length 69 km The bed length down of the in the Svitlychansk catchment to the border Luhansk Catchment area Catchment area 18 thous km2 (73%), is 184 km Region including the catchment of the left 25 thous km2 tributaries (the Aydar, the Yevsuh, Right tributaries with a total catchment the Tepla, the Verkhnye-Olkhova, the area of 7 thous km2: the Luhan (299 Derkul), which flow into the Siv. The km), the Luhanchyk (289 km), the Donets in the NGCA Velyka Kamyanka (214 km)*, the Kundryucha (18 km)* * Discharge in the territory of the Russian Federation 10 From the second half of 2014, the territory of the in the event of possible (unpredictable) damage to the Siverskyi Donets river basin has undergone changes engineering infrastructure on the contact line both in in the Donetsk and Luhansk Regions (Table 1.1). In the GCA and the NGCA. general, 87% of the catchment area, or 47.5 thousand km2, and 539 km of the river bed with a total length Due to the agreed management decisions of the of 723 km remain in the GCA, including unchanged Interagency Basin Commissions
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