Lab.3. Tutorial : (Draft) Introduction to Codecs
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Data Sheet Rev. D
SigmaDSP Digital Audio Processor with Flexible Audio Routing Matrix Data Sheet ADAU1442/ADAU1445/ADAU1446 FEATURES I2C and SPI control interfaces Fully programmable audio digital signal processor (DSP) for Standalone operation enhanced sound processing Self-boot from serial EEPROM Features SigmaStudio, a proprietary graphical programming 4-channel, 10-bit auxiliary control ADC tool for the development of custom signal flows Multipurpose pins for digital controls and outputs 172 MHz SigmaDSP core; 3584 instructions per sample at 48 kHz Easy implementation of available third-party algorithms 4k parameter RAM, 8k data RAM On-chip regulator for generating 1.8 V from 3.3 V supply Flexible audio routing matrix (FARM) 100-lead TQFP and LQFP packages 24-channel digital input and output Temperature range: −40°C to +105°C Up to 8 stereo asynchronous sample rate converters APPLICATIONS (from 1:8 up to 7.75:1 ratio and 139 dB DNR) Automotive audio processing Stereo S/PDIF input and output Head units Supports serial and TDM I/O, up to fS = 192 kHz Navigation systems Multichannel byte-addressable TDM serial port Rear-seat entertainment systems Pool of 170 ms digital audio delay (at 48 kHz) DSP amplifiers (sound system amplifiers) Clock oscillator for generating master clock from crystal Commercial audio processing PLL for generating core clock from common audio clocks FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM MP[3:0]/ SPI/I2C* SELFBOOT MP[11:4] ADC[3:0] XTALI XTALO ADAU1442/ ADAU1445/ ADAU1446 2 I C/SPI CONTROL MP/ CLOCK INTERFACE AUX ADC PLL OSCILLATOR CLKOUT 1.8V AND SELF-BOOT REGULATOR PROGRAMMABLE AUDIO SPDIFI S/PDIF S/PDIF SPDIFO RECEIVER PROCESSOR CORE TRANSMITTER FLEXIBLE AUDIO ROUTING MATRIX (FARM) SDATA_IN[8:0] SDATA_OUT[8:0] (24-CHANNEL SERIAL DATA SERIAL DATA (24-CHANNEL DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT PORT UP TO 16 CHANNELS OF OUTPUT PORT DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT) (×9) ASYNCHRONOUS (×9) OUTPUT) SAMPLE RATE CONVERTERS BIT CLOCK† BIT CLOCK† (BCLK) SERIAL CLOCK (BCLK) DOMAINS FRAME CLOCK† (×12) FRAME CLOCK† (LRCLK) (LRCLK) *SPI/I2C = THE ADDR0, CLATCH, SCL/CCLK, SDA/COUT, AND ADDR1/CDATA PINS. -
High Bandwidth Acoustics – Transients/Phase/ and the Human Ear
Project Number: FB IQP HB10 HIGH BANDWIDTH ACOUSTICS – TRANSIENTS/PHASE/ AND THE HUMAN EAR An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Samir Zutshi 8/26/2010 Approved: Professor Frederick Bianchi, Major Advisor Daniel Foley, Co-Advisor Abstract Life over 20 kHz has been a debate that resides in the audio society today. The research presented in this paper claims and confirms the existence of data over 20 kHz. Through a series of experiments involving various microphone types, sampling rates and six instruments, a short-term Fourier transform was applied to the transient part of a single note of each instrument. The results are graphically shown in spectrum form alongside the wave file for comparison and analysis. As a result, the experiment has given fundamental evidence that may act as a base for many branches of its application and understanding, primarily being the effect of this lost data on the ears and the mind. Table of Contents 1. List of Figures 3 2. Introduction 5 3. Terminology 5 4. Background Information 11 a. Timeline of Digital Audio 12 5. Preparatory 17 6. Theory 17 7. Zero-Degree Phase Shift Environment 17 8. Short Term Fourier Transform 20 9. Experimental Data 22 10. Analysis and Discussion 34 11. Conclusion 36 12. Bibliography 36 Page | 2 List of Figures 1. Amplitude and Phase diagram 6 2. Harmonic Series 8 3. Reduction of continuous to discrete signal 9 4. Analog Signal 9 5. Resulting Sampled Signal 9 6. -
Clock Jitter Effects on the Performance of ADC Devices
Clock Jitter Effects on the Performance of ADC Devices Roberto J. Vega Luis Geraldo P. Meloni Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP P.O. Box 05 - 13083-852 P.O. Box 05 - 13083-852 Campinas - SP - Brazil Campinas - SP - Brazil [email protected] [email protected] Karlo G. Lenzi Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Telecomunicac¸oes˜ - CPqD P.O. Box 05 - 13083-852 Campinas - SP - Brazil [email protected] Abstract— This paper aims to demonstrate the effect of jitter power near the full scale of the ADC, the noise power is on the performance of Analog-to-digital converters and how computed by all FFT bins except the DC bin value (it is it degrades the quality of the signal being sampled. If not common to exclude up to 8 bins after the DC zero-bin to carefully controlled, jitter effects on data acquisition may severely impacted the outcome of the sampling process. This analysis avoid any spectral leakage of the DC component). is of great importance for applications that demands a very This measure includes the effect of all types of noise, the good signal to noise ratio, such as high-performance wireless distortion and harmonics introduced by the converter. The rms standards, such as DTV, WiMAX and LTE. error is given by (1), as defined by IEEE standard [5], where Index Terms— ADC Performance, Jitter, Phase Noise, SNR. J is an exact integer multiple of fs=N: I. INTRODUCTION 1 s X = jX(k)j2 (1) With the advance of the technology and the migration of the rms N signal processing from analog to digital, the use of analog-to- k6=0;J;N−J digital converters (ADC) became essential. -
Effective Bits
Application Note Effective Bits Effective Bits Testing Evaluates Dynamic Performance of Digitizing Instruments The Effective Bits Concept desired time resolution, run the digitizer at the requisite Whether you are designing or buying a digitizing sys- sampling rate. Those are simple enough answers. tem, you need some means of determining actual, Unfortunately, they can be quite misleading, too. real-life digitizing performance. How closely does the While an “8-bit digitizer” might provide close to eight output of any given analog-to-digital converter (ADC), bits of accuracy and resolution on DC or slowly waveform digitizer or digital storage oscilloscope changing signals, that will not be the case for higher actually follow any given analog input signal? speed signals. Depending on the digitizing technology At the most basic level, digitizing performance would used and other system factors, dynamic digitizing seem to be a simple matter of resolution. For the performance can drop markedly as signal speeds desired amplitude resolution, pick a digitizer with the increase. An 8-bit digitizer can drop to 6-bit, 4-bit, requisite number of “bits” (quantizing levels). For the or even fewer effective bits of performance well before reaching its specified bandwidth. Effective Bits Application Note Figure 1. When comparing digitizer performance, testing the full frequency range is important. If you are designing an ADC device, a digitizing instru- components. Thus, it may be necessary to do an ment, or a test system, it is important to understand the effective bits evaluation for purposes of comparison. If various factors affecting digitizing performance and to equipment is to be combined into a system, an effective have some means of overall performance evaluation. -
ADOBE AUDITION Iv Contents
Adobe® Audition® CC Help Legal notices Legal notices For legal notices, see http://help.adobe.com/en_US/legalnotices/index.html. Last updated 11/30/2015 iii Contents Chapter 1: What's New New features summary . .1 Chapter 2: Digital audio fundamentals Understanding sound . .4 Digitizing audio . .6 What is Audition? . .8 Chapter 3: Workspace and setup Viewing, zooming, and navigating audio . .9 Customizing workspaces . 12 Connecting to audio hardware . 19 Customizing and saving application settings . 20 Default keyboard shortcuts . 21 Finding and customizing shortcuts . 23 Chapter 4: Importing, recording, and playing Creating and opening files . 24 Importing with the Files panel . 27 Supported import formats . 28 Extracting audio from CDs . 29 Navigating time and playing audio . 30 Recording audio . 33 Monitoring recording and playback levels . 36 Chapter 5: Editing audio files Generating text-to-speech . 38 Matching loudness across multiple audio files . 41 Displaying audio in the Waveform Editor . 43 Selecting audio . 46 Copying, cutting, pasting, and deleting audio . 50 Visually fading and changing amplitude . 52 Working with markers . 54 Inverting, reversing, and silencing audio . 56 Automating common tasks . 57 Analyzing phase, frequency, and amplitude . 59 Frequency Band Splitter . 62 Undo, redo, and history . 63 Converting sample types . 64 Waveform editing enhancements . 67 Chapter 6: Applying effects Enabling CEP extensions . 68 Effects controls . 68 Last updated 11/30/2015 ADOBE AUDITION iv Contents Applying effects in the Waveform Editor . 72 Applying effects in the Multitrack Editor . 73 Adding third-party plug-ins . 74 Notch Filter effect . 75 Fade and Gain Envelope effects (Waveform Editor only) . 76 Manual Pitch Correction effect (Waveform Editor only) . -
Maintaining Audio Quality in the Broadcast/Netcast Facility
Maintaining Audio Quality in the Broadcast and Netcast Facility 2019 Edition Robert Orban Greg Ogonowski Orban®, Optimod®, and Opticodec® are registered trademarks. All trademarks are property of their respective companies. © Copyright 1982-2019 Robert Orban and Greg Ogonowski. Rorb Inc., Belmont CA 94002 USA Modulation Index LLC, 1249 S. Diamond Bar Blvd Suite 314, Diamond Bar, CA 91765-4122 USA Phone: +1 909 860 6760; E-Mail: [email protected]; Site: https://www.indexcom.com Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ 3 MAINTAINING AUDIO QUALITY IN THE BROADCAST/NETCAST FACILITY ..................................... 1 Authors’ Note ....................................................................................................................... 1 Preface ......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 2 The “Digital Divide” ................................................................................................... 3 Audio Processing: The Final Polish ............................................................................ 3 PART 1: RECORDING MEDIA ................................................................................................. 5 Compact Disc .............................................................................................................. -
Introduction to Multimedia
1 1 UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA Unit Structure 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Introduction 1.3 What is Multimedia? 1.3.1 Multimedia Presentation and Production 1.3.2 Characteristics of Multimedia Presentation 1.3.2.1 Multiple Media 1.3.2.2 Non-linearity 1.3.3.3 Scope of Interactivity 1.3.3.4 Integrity 1.3.3.5 Digital Representation 1.4 Defining the Scope of Multimedia 1.5 Applications of Multimedia 1.6 Hardware and Software Requirements 1.7 Summary 1.8 Unit End Exercises 1.1 OBJECTIVES After studying this Unit, you will be able to: 1. Define Multimedia 2. Define the scope and applications of multimedia 3. Distinguish between Multimedia Presentation and Production 4. Understand how a multimedia presentation is created 1.2 INTRODUCTION Multimedia refers to content that uses a combination of different content forms. This contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includes a 2 combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, or interactivity content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed, or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. Multimedia devices are electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by including audio, for example, it has a broader scope. The term "rich media" is synonymous for interactive multimedia. Hypermedia can be considered one particular multimedia application. -
Noise-Shaping Sar Adcs
NOISE-SHAPING SAR ADCS by Jeffrey Alan Fredenburg A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Electrical Engineering) in the University of Michigan 2015 Committee: Professor Michael P. Flynn, Chair Professor Zhong He Professor Dave D. Wentzloff Professor Zhengya Zhang “Nobody tells this to people who are beginners; I wish someone told me. All of us who do creative work, we get into it because we have good taste. But there is this gap. For the first couple years you make stuff; it’s just not that good. It’s trying to be good, it has potential, but it’s not. But your taste, the thing that got you into the game, is still killer. And your taste is why your work disappoints you. A lot of people never get past this phase. They quit. Most people I know who do interesting, creative work went through years of this. We know our work doesn’t have this special thing that we want it to have. We all go through this. And if you are just starting out or you are still in this phase, you gotta know it's normal and the most important thing you can do is do a lot of work. Put yourself on a deadline so that every week you will finish one story. It is only by going through a volume of work that you will close that gap and your work will be as good as your ambitions. And I took longer to figure out how to do this than anyone I’ve ever met. -
Data Management for Interview and Focus Group Resources in Health
DATA MANAGEMENT FOR INTERVIEW AND FOCUS GROUP RESOURCES IN HEALTH Catalogue Information: Field Information Title: Data Management for interview and focus group resources in health Document type: Guide Creator: Gareth Knight Keywords: research data management, interviews, focus groups, health data, social science Description: This Guide to Good Practice provides advice to LSHTM researchers managing qualitative data acquired through interviews and focus groups. It outlines questions to be considered at each stage, management approaches that may be taken, and resources where further information may be found. Language: English Rights: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Version control: Version Date Change description Author 1.0 19 Feb 2018 First version Gareth Knight 1.1 12 June 2018 Added extra transcription tool Feedback This document will be reviewed and updated on an ongoing basis. To suggest enhancements or amendments contact [email protected]. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Audio recordings and data protection ............................................................................................................ 3 1. Prepare for data collection ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Select audio capture device ................................................................................................................. -
MT-200: Minimizing Jitter in ADC Clock Interfaces
Applications Engineering Notebook MT-200 One Technology Way • P. O. Box 9106 • Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. • Tel: 781.329.4700 • Fax: 781.461.3113 • www.analog.com Minimizing Jitter in ADC Clock Interfaces by the Applications Engineering Group POWER SUPPLY Analog Devices, Inc. INPUT V REF DATA ANALOG OUTPUT IN THIS NOTEBOOK INPUT ADC Since jitter around the threshold region of a clock interface CLOCK FPGA INTERFACE can corrupt the dynamic performance of an analog-to- INPUT CONTROL digital converter (ADC), this notebook provides an overview of clocking considerations and jitter-reduction techniques. The Applications Engineering Notebook Educational Series TABLE OF CONTENTS Clock Input Noise.............................................................................. 2 Frequency Domain View ............................................................. 3 Time Domain View ....................................................................... 2 Phase Domain View ..................................................................... 4 Effect of Slew Rate..................................................................... 3 Solutions for Clocking Converters ............................................. 5 REVISION HISTORY 1/12—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 1 of 8 MT-200 Applications Engineering Notebook CLOCK INPUT NOISE Jitter around the threshold region of the clock interface can TIME DOMAIN VIEW corrupt the timing of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). For example, jitter can cause the ADC to capture a sample at the wrong time, resulting in false sampling of the analog input and reducing the signal to noise (SNR) ratio of the device. A reduction in jitter can be achieved in a number of different ways, including improving the clock source, filtering, frequency division, and clock circuit hardware. This document provides dV suggestions on how to improve the clock system to achieve the best possible performance from an ADC. Noise in the circuit between the clock and ADC is the root ERROR VOLTAGE cause of clock jitter. -
Digitranslator Guide
DigiTranslator™ Version 2.0.1 DigiTranslator™ Version 2.0 Legal Notice This guide is copyrighted ©2007 by Digidesign, a division of Avid Technology, Inc. (hereafter “Digidesign”), with all rights reserved. Under copyright laws, this guide may not be duplicated in whole or in part without the written consent of Digidesign. AudioSuite, Avid, Avid Unity, Digidesign, DigiTranslator, Pro Tools, and Pro Tools|HD are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Avid Technology, Inc. in the US and other countries. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. Product features, specifications, system requirements, and availability are subject to change without notice. PN 9320-56457-00 REV A 9/07 Comments or suggestions regarding our documentation? email: [email protected] contents Chapter 1. Introduction . 1 System Requirements . 1 Digidesign Registration . 1 About the Pro Tools Guides . 2 About www.digidesign.com. 3 Chapter 2. Installation and Authorization . 5 Installing DigiTranslator . 5 Authorizing DigiTranslator 2.0 or Higher. 5 Removing DigiTranslator . 7 Chapter 3. AAF, MXF, and OMF Overview . 9 AAF, MXF, and OMF Overview . 9 Metadata . 9 Embedded Media and Linked Media . 12 Audio File Format Compatibility Issues . 14 Chapter 4. Importing AAF and OMF to Pro Tools . 15 Importing AAF or OMF Sequences into Pro Tools . 16 Import Options . 20 Importing AAF/OMF Audio Sequences with Mixed Sample Rates and/or Bit Depth . 24 Importing Audio from AAF Sequences with Unsupported Video Formats . 25 Importing AAF/OMF Sequences Containing Media Mixdowns. 25 Chapter 5. Exporting AAF, MXF, and OMF from Pro Tools . 27 Export Selected Tracks as OMF/AAF Sequences . -
An95091 Application Note Understanding Effective Bits
AN95091 APPLICATION NOTE UNDERSTANDING EFFECTIVE BITS Tony Girard, Signatec, Design and Applications Engineer INTRODUCTION One criteria often used to evaluate an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) or data acquisition system is the effective number of bits achieved. The effective number of bits provides a means to evaluate the overall performance of a system. However, like any other parameter, an understanding of the theory behind the effective bits, and different methods used to determine effective bits is necessary to properly compare components and systems. The intent of this application note is to provide the basic theory behind effective bits, describe different methods used to determine effective bits, and to explain the limitations in its usage. NUMBER OF BITS VERSES EFFECTIVE BITS The number of bits in a data acquisition system is normally specified as the number of bits of the digitizer. Any data acquisition system, or ADC, has inherent performance limitations. When evaluating an acquisition system the effective number of bits provided by the system can useful in determining if the system is right for the application. There are many sources of error in an acquisition system. Considering a system in terms of effective bits, all error sources are included. Evaluation of system performance is made without the need to consider the individual error sources, all of which may not be characterized by the manufacturer. THE PERFECT SYSTEM A perfect data acquisition system is one in which the captured analog signal is free from noise and distortion. The system is free from any frequency dependent performance characteristics, up to the maximum sampling rate and the bandwidth limit of the system.