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Floristic Composition and Animal Carrying Capacity
International Journal of Applied Research 2019; 5(12): 282-288 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 Exclusion of grazing on dry Puna grassland: Floristic Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2019; 5(12): 282-288 composition and animal carrying capacity www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 02-10-2019 Accepted: 05-11-2019 Raúl Yaranga and Olwer Huanca Raúl Yaranga National University of Central Abstract Peru, High Mountain Research The degradation of Andean dry puna grasslands is part of the deterioration of terrestrial ecosystems. As Centre (CIAM), Av. Mariscal a response, exclusionary grazing practices have been applied. However, knowledge of the dynamics of Castilla, Huancayo, Peru, ecological restoration in grasslands is in full development, which is why the evaluation of the changes France that occur in floristic wealth and abundance, ecological condition and animal carrying capacity in two areas excluded from grazing in August 2015 in the Nor-Yauyos Cochas Landscape Reserve, Peru, was Olwer Huanca National Service of Natural proposed. The agrostological evaluation used the method of linear transection of interception points in Areas Protected by the State 32 transects of 10 meters. The evaluation began in the year of the grazing exclusion and at the end of the (SERNANP), Av. 2016 low season and continued until the 2017 low season. Wealth and abundance showed significant Huancavelica 3025, Huancayo, increases only in the rainy season (p = 0.0125), no significant difference in ecological condition or animal Peru, France carrying capacity was observed between seasonal periods, but between plots for p=0.001. In conclusion, the practice of exclusion of grazing did not show a rapid response in the change of biological indicators, which suggests that the evaluation should be carried out in a longer time. -
The Chloroplast Rpl23 Gene Cluster of Spirogyra Maxima (Charophyceae) Shares Many Similarities with the Angiosperm Rpl23 Operon
Algae Volume 17(1): 59-68, 2002 The Chloroplast rpl23 Gene Cluster of Spirogyra maxima (Charophyceae) Shares Many Similarities with the Angiosperm rpl23 Operon Jungho Lee* and James R. Manhart Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, U.S.A. A phylogenetic affinity between charophytes and embryophytes (land plants) has been explained by a few chloro- plast genomic characters including gene and intron (Manhart and Palmer 1990; Baldauf et al. 1990; Lew and Manhart 1993). Here we show that a charophyte, Spirogyra maxima, has the largest operon of angiosperm chloroplast genomes, rpl23 operon (trnI-rpl23-rpl2-rps19-rpl22-rps3-rpl16-rpl14-rps8-infA-rpl36-rps11-rpoA) containing both embryophyte introns, rpl16.i and rpl2.i. The rpl23 gene cluster of Spirogyra contains a distinct eubacterial promoter sequence upstream of rpl23, which is the first gene of the green algal rpl23 gene cluster. This sequence is completely absent in angiosperms but is present in non-flowering plants. The results imply that, in the rpl23 gene cluster, early charophytes had at least two promoters, one upstream of trnI and another upstream of rpl23, which partially or completely lost its function in land plants. A comparison of gene clusters of prokaryotes, algal chloroplast DNAs and land plant cpDNAs indicated a loss of numerous genes in chlorophyll a+b eukaryotes. A phylogenetic analysis using presence/absence of genes and introns as characters produced trees with a strongly supported clade contain- ing chlorophyll a+b eukaryotes. Spirogyra and embryophytes formed a clade characterized by the loss of rpl5 and rps9 and the gain of trnI (CAU) and introns in rpl2 and rpl16. -
A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites
Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • n u m b e r 9 2 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press TaxonomicA Chronology Revision of of the MiddleChiliotrichum Missouri Group Plains Villagesensu stricto Sites (Compositae: Astereae) By Craig M. Johnson Joséwith Mauricio contributions Bonifacino by Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions in History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. -
Plant Evolution an Introduction to the History of Life
Plant Evolution An Introduction to the History of Life KARL J. NIKLAS The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction 1 1 Origins and Early Events 29 2 The Invasion of Land and Air 93 3 Population Genetics, Adaptation, and Evolution 153 4 Development and Evolution 217 5 Speciation and Microevolution 271 6 Macroevolution 325 7 The Evolution of Multicellularity 377 8 Biophysics and Evolution 431 9 Ecology and Evolution 483 Glossary 537 Index 547 v Introduction The unpredictable and the predetermined unfold together to make everything the way it is. It’s how nature creates itself, on every scale, the snowflake and the snowstorm. — TOM STOPPARD, Arcadia, Act 1, Scene 4 (1993) Much has been written about evolution from the perspective of the history and biology of animals, but significantly less has been writ- ten about the evolutionary biology of plants. Zoocentricism in the biological literature is understandable to some extent because we are after all animals and not plants and because our self- interest is not entirely egotistical, since no biologist can deny the fact that animals have played significant and important roles as the actors on the stage of evolution come and go. The nearly romantic fascination with di- nosaurs and what caused their extinction is understandable, even though we should be equally fascinated with the monarchs of the Carboniferous, the tree lycopods and calamites, and with what caused their extinction (fig. 0.1). Yet, it must be understood that plants are as fascinating as animals, and that they are just as important to the study of biology in general and to understanding evolutionary theory in particular. -
La Vegetación Del Norte Del Perú: De Los Bosques a La Jalca En Cajamarca
ActaA. Galán Botanica de Mera Malacitana et al. La vegetación 40. 157-190 del Norte del Perú Málaga, 2015157 LA VEGETACIÓN DEL NORTE DEL PERÚ: DE LOS BOSQUES A LA JALCA EN CAJAMARCA Antonio GALÁN DE MERA1*, Isidoro SÁNCHEZ VEGA†2, Juan MONTOYA QUINO2, Eliana LINARES PEREA3, José CAMPOS DE LA CRUZ4 y José Alfredo VICENTE ORELLANA1 1Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Apartado 67, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España 2Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (Farmacia), Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo (UPAGU), Jr. José Sabogal 913, Cajamarca, Perú 3Estudios Fitogeográficos del Perú, Sánchez Cerro 219, Manuel Prado,Paucarpata, Arequipa, Perú 4Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 140434, Lima 14, Perú * Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Recibido el 22 de septiembre de 2015, aceptado para su publicación el 27 de octubre de 2015 RESUMEN. La vegetación del Norte del Perú: De los bosques a la jalca en Cajamarca. El departamento de Cajamarca, en el Norte del Perú, se caracteriza en general por un clima más húmedo que el resto del territorio andino peruano occidental. Teniendo en cuenta el paralelismo entre el clima y las unidades de vegetación que ofrecen los pisos bioclimáticos, los ombrotipos, la geología y los suelos, y levantando inventarios según la metodología de Braun-Blanquet, estudiamos la vegetación de este territorio. Se describen 2 comunidades vegetales, 8 asociaciones, 3 subasociaciones, 3 alianzas, 1 orden y 1 clase fitosociológica. Como resultado, se analizan la comunidad de Cecropia montana y Heliocarpus americanus (termotropical subhúmedo-húmeda) y de Muntingia calabura y Hura crepitans (infratropical seco-subhúmeda), ambas de la clase Nectandro laevis-Licarietea canellae presente en el norte del territorio. -
Curitiba, Southern Brazil
data Data Descriptor Herbarium of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (HUCP), Curitiba, Southern Brazil Rodrigo A. Kersten 1,*, João A. M. Salesbram 2 and Luiz A. Acra 3 1 Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba 80.215-901, Brazil 2 REFLORA Project, Curitiba, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba 80.215-901, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-41-3721-2392 Academic Editor: Martin M. Gossner Received: 22 November 2016; Accepted: 5 February 2017; Published: 10 February 2017 Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to present the herbarium of the Pontifical Catholic University of Parana’s and its collection. The history of the HUCP had its beginning in the middle of the 1970s with the foundation of the Biology Museum that gathered both botanical and zoological specimens. In April 1979 collections were separated and the HUCP was founded with preserved specimens of algae (green, red, and brown), fungi, and embryophytes. As of October 2016, the collection encompasses nearly 25,000 specimens from 4934 species, 1609 genera, and 297 families. Most of the specimens comes from the state of Paraná but there were also specimens from many Brazilian states and other countries, mainly from South America (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Colombia) but also from other parts of the world (Cuba, USA, Spain, Germany, China, and Australia). Our collection includes 42 fungi, 258 gymnosperms, 299 bryophytes, 2809 pteridophytes, 3158 algae, 17,832 angiosperms, and only one type of Mimosa (Mimosa tucumensis Barneby ex Ribas, M. -
Scientific Program
Aquatttiiic and Wetttllland Plllanttts::: Wettt & Wiiillld Jullly 26---31,,, 2003 Mobiiillle,,, Alllabama www...botttany2003...org SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM SATURDAY, JULY 26 7:00 PM – 10:00 PM Adam’s Mark, River Room MEETING: BSA Executive Committee Presiding: SCOTT D. RUSSELL, Department of Botany and Microbiology, 770 Van Vleet Oval, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0245. Tele: (405) 325-6234, E-mail: [email protected]. SUNDAY, JULY 27 8:30 AM – 4:00 PM Adam’s Mark, Dauphin MEETING: ASPT COUNCIL Presiding: LYNN G. CLARK, Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020. Tele: (515) 294-8218, E-mail: [email protected]. 9:00 AM – 11:00 AM Adam’s Mark, Church MEETING: BSA Financial Advisory Committee Presiding: HARRY T. HORNER, Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020. Tele: 515-294-8635, E-mail: [email protected]. 11:30 AM – 1:00 PM Adam’s Mark, Church MEETING: BSA New Committee Chair Meeting Presiding: LINDA E. GRAHAM, Department of Botany, 211 Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Tele: (608) 262-2640, Fax: (608) 262-7509, E-mail: [email protected]; and WILLIAM DAHL, Botanical Society of America, 4468-74 Castleman Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63166- 0299, Tele: (314) 577-9566, E-mail: [email protected]. 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM Adam’s Mark, De Tonti MEETING: BSA Council Presiding: SCOTT D. RUSSELL, Department of Botany and Microbiology, 770 Van Vleet Oval, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0245. Tele: (405) 325-6234, E-mail: [email protected]. BOTANY 2003 – Scientific Program 1 June 12, 2003 draft – please check final printed version, as rooms and times may change. -
RAICES ANDINAS: Manual De Capacitación
Conservación y uso de la biodiversidad de raíces y tubérculos andinos: Una década de investigación para el desarrollo (1993-2003) 6 Raíces Andinas: Contribuciones al conocimiento y a la capacitación Editor Técnico: Juan Seminario RAICES ANDINAS: Contribuciones al conocimiento y a la capacitación 2004 Copyright: Los autores autorizan la reproducción total o parcial de esta publicación, dando el crédito correspondiente a los autores/instituciones e incluyendo la citación correcta de esta publicación. ISNB: 92-9060-233-3 Lima, Perú Lista de autores por instituciones, en orden alfabético: Centro de Servicios Centro Internacional Corporación Empresa Múltiples de Apoyo al de la Papa: Colombiana de Brasileira de Desarrollo de Semilla: Raúl Blas Investigación Pesquisa Julio Rea Patricio Espinosa Agropecuaria: Agropecuária: Roberto González Guillermo Caicedo Fausto Dos Michael Hermann Mario Lobo Santos Miguel Holle Clara Medina Charlotte Lizarraga Guillermo Sánchez Sonia Salas Luis Torres Andrés Valladolid Norma Vásquez The Royal Veterinary Universidad Mayor de Universidad Universidad Agricultural San Simón: Nacional de Nacional San University: Julio Espinoza Cajamarca: Cristóbal de Steen R. Knudsen Tony Coronel Huamanga: Martín Sorensen Isidoro Sánchez Fernando Juan Seminario Barrantes Miguel Valderrama Universidad Nacional Universidad Ricardo Mayor de San Marcos: Palma: Guido Ayala Carola Escobar David Talledo Editores Técnicos: Juan Seminario, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca Editores de la Serie: Michael Hermann, Centro Internacional de la Papa Oscar A. Hidalgo, Agro Consult International S.A.C. Edición: Teresa Ames de Icochea, Centro Internacional de la Papa Coordinación: Cecilia Lafosse, Departamento de Comunicación y Difusión, CIP Carátula: Anselmo Morales, Departamento de Comunicación y Difusión, CIP Diagramación: Mercedes Suito, Departamento de Capacitación, CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) Apartado 1558, La Molina Lima 12, Perú. -
Asteraceae: Astereae), a New Genus and Species from Northern Chile
Phytotaxa 177 (5): 280–290 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.5.4 Kieslingia chilensis (Asteraceae: Astereae), a new genus and species from northern Chile PATRICIO SALDIVIA1, LUIS FAÚNDEZ1,2, ALICIA MARTICORENA3 & JOSÉ L. PANERO4 1Biota, Gestión y Consultorías Ambientales Ltda. Av. Miguel Claro 1224, Providencia, Santiago, Chile; email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Laboratorio de Morfología y Taxonomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Casilla 1004, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile 3Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; email: [email protected] 4Department of Integrative Biology, 1 University Station C 0930, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; email: panero@ utexas.edu Abstract Kieslingia chilensis, a new genus and species of tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) from northern Chile restricted to the Huasco river basin of the Andes pre-mountain Range in the Atacama region is described and illustrated. The combination of its diagnostic characters including discoid homogamous capitula, alveolate epaleate receptacles, and deeply trifid leaves, is not found in any other species of South American Astereae. An ITS phylogenic analysis placed Kieslingia chilensis within subtribe Hinterhuberinae, and sister to the genus Guynesomia, also endemic to Chile. The morphological characteristics of Kieslingia chilensis are compared and contrasted to sister taxa as identified by the molecular phylogenetic studies and the environmental features of the area where the species is found are discussed. A key to distinguish Kieslingia from other Astereae genera of northern Chile is given. -
Plant of the Week Liverworts
Plant of the Week LLiivveerrwwoorrttss It is hard to believe that a group of plants that includes so many beautiful species, has been saddled with such an awful name. The name liverwort comes from the Anglo- Saxon word “lifer” (liver) and “wyrt” (a plant), the inference being that plants that look like organs of the human body might 1 Telaranea centipes – a leafy provide medicinal benefits for that organ . liverwort Photo: Ron Oldfield Liverworts are close relatives of mosses. Traditionally, they were considered to be one class (Hepaticae) of the division Bryophyta of the Plant Kingdom. The other two classes were the mosses (musci) and the hornworts (Anthocerotae). Using modern molecular techniques, botanists have now elevated each of these classes to divisions of the plant kingdom, so now only mosses belong to the Division Bryophyta. Liverworts are placed in the Division Marchantiophyta and hornworts in the Division Anthocerophyta. All three divisions are now collectively referred to as “Embryophytes”, that is, land plants that do not have a vascular system. Embryophytes are believed to have evolved from a family of freshwater algae, the Charophyceae. In 1994, it was proposed that the three lineages of bryophytes, formed a gradient leading to the vascular plants. The most recent hypothesis is that hornworts share a common ancestor with vascular plants and liverworts are a sister lineage to all other extant embryophytes. Mosses bridge the gap between liverworts 2 and hornworts . Liverworts Mosses Hornworts Tracheophyte s Charophyceae Lunularia cruciata – a thallose liverwort Photo: Ron Oldfield There are two readily identifiable groups of liverworts: thallose liverworts appear to be relatively simple structures, and form flattened green plates that are not differentiated into stems and leaves. -
From Algae to Flowering Plants
PP62CH23-Popper ARI 4 April 2011 14:20 Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering Plants Zoe¨ A. Popper,1 Gurvan Michel,3,4 Cecile´ Herve,´ 3,4 David S. Domozych,5 William G.T. Willats,6 Maria G. Tuohy,2 Bernard Kloareg,3,4 and Dagmar B. Stengel1 1Botany and Plant Science, and 2Molecular Glycotechnology Group, Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; email: [email protected] 3CNRS and 4UPMC University Paris 6, UMR 7139 Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France 5Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 6Department of Plant Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Bulowsvej,¨ 17-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2011. 62:567–90 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on xyloglucan, mannan, arabinogalactan proteins, genome, environment, February 22, 2011 multicellularity The Annual Review of Plant Biology is online at plant.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: All photosynthetic multicellular Eukaryotes, including land plants 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103809 by Universidad Veracruzana on 01/08/14. For personal use only. and algae, have cells that are surrounded by a dynamic, complex, Copyright c 2011 by Annual Reviews. carbohydrate-rich cell wall. The cell wall exerts considerable biologi- All rights reserved cal and biomechanical control over individual cells and organisms, thus Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2011.62:567-590. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org 1543-5008/11/0602-0567$20.00 playing a key role in their environmental interactions. -
Phylogeny of Hinterhubera, Novenia and Related
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Phylogeny of Hinterhubera, Novenia and related genera based on the nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA sequence data (Asteraceae: Astereae) Vesna Karaman Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Karaman, Vesna, "Phylogeny of Hinterhubera, Novenia and related genera based on the nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA sequence data (Asteraceae: Astereae)" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2200. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2200 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. PHYLOGENY OF HINTERHUBERA, NOVENIA AND RELATED GENERA BASED ON THE NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL (nr) DNA SEQUENCE DATA (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Vesna Karaman B.S., University of Kiril and Metodij, 1992 M.S., University of Belgrade, 1997 May 2006 "Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children." Ancient Indian Proverb ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to many people who have contributed to the work of this dissertation.