Phylogeny of Hinterhubera, Novenia and Related
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Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Phylogeny of Hinterhubera, Novenia and related genera based on the nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA sequence data (Asteraceae: Astereae) Vesna Karaman Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Karaman, Vesna, "Phylogeny of Hinterhubera, Novenia and related genera based on the nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA sequence data (Asteraceae: Astereae)" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2200. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2200 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. PHYLOGENY OF HINTERHUBERA, NOVENIA AND RELATED GENERA BASED ON THE NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL (nr) DNA SEQUENCE DATA (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Vesna Karaman B.S., University of Kiril and Metodij, 1992 M.S., University of Belgrade, 1997 May 2006 "Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children." Ancient Indian Proverb ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to many people who have contributed to the work of this dissertation. First and foremost I want to thank Dr. Lowell Urbatsch, my major professor, for providing me with the great opportunity to study and complete the dissertation under his direction. I am grateful to Dr. Diane Ferguson and Dr. Meredith Blackwell for the generous assistance and guidance during my graduate studies. Sincere gratitude is extended to members of my committee Dr. Frederick Sheldon, and Dr. Steven Linscombe. I am grateful for the help, support and friendship from my labmates and other graduate students, including Yalma Vargas-Rodriguez, Susan Pell, Stephanie Gunn, Ning Zhang, Soraya Silva, Jessica Light and Mike Taylor. I also would like to thank Nannette Crochet for technical assistance in sequencing. This dissertation would not be accomplished without the help from a number of people outside of LSU. I want to especially acknowledge Dr. Vicki Funk and Dr. Harold Robinson (SI-NMNH), Dr. Mauricio Bonifancino (RAU, Uruguay), Dr. Timothy Lowrey (UNM), and Karen Redden (GWU). I also acknowledge assistance of curators of different herbaria in the United States and in South America for providing specimens for my research. Finally, I would like to thank my husband for his love, encouragement, support, and understanding especially during preparation of the dissertation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.........................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................1 Ecological Aspects of Hinterhuberinae..................................................................................3 Systematics and Taxonomy of Hinterhuberinae.....................................................................7 Taxonomic Review of the Hinterhubera and Novenia Groups..............................................9 Dioecy ..................................................................................................................................12 Biogeography .......................................................................................................................13 Relation with Other Subtribes within Tribe Astereae ..........................................................15 References ............................................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 2 PHYLOGENY OF HINTERHUBERA AND RELATED GENERA (HINTERHUBERINAE: ASTEREAE)................................................................................................................................23 Materials and Methods .........................................................................................................30 Results ..................................................................................................................................45 Discussion ............................................................................................................................54 References ............................................................................................................................64 CHAPTER 3 PHYLOGENY OF CHILIOTRICHUM, NOVENIA AND RELATED GENERA (HINTERHUBERINAE: ASTEREAE) ..............................................................................................73 Materials and Methods .........................................................................................................76 Results ..................................................................................................................................88 Discussion ............................................................................................................................96 Implications for the Chromosome Evolution and the Origin of Chiliotrichum and Novenia- Oritrophium Clades..........................................................................................................102 References ..........................................................................................................................105 CHAPTER 4 PHYLOGENY OF HINTERHUBERINAE WITH BIOGEOGRAPHY AND INFRATRIBAL RELATIONSHIP .........................................................................................................................113 Biogeography .....................................................................................................................116 Relation with Other Subtribes within Tribe Astereae ........................................................119 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................................120 Results ................................................................................................................................134 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................144 Evolution of Morphological Characters .............................................................................149 Taxonomic Implications and Infratribal Relationship........................................................157 Biogeography .....................................................................................................................159 References ..........................................................................................................................160 iv CHAPTER 5 PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE PHYLOGENY OF HINTERHUBERINAE INFERRED FROM THE 5’ TRNK/MATK INTERGENIC SPACER OF CPDNA SEQUENCE DATA ...................................168 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................................169 Results ................................................................................................................................175 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................180 References ..........................................................................................................................182 CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ..............................................................................185 Hinterhubera and Related Genera......................................................................................185 Chiliotrichum, Novenia and Related Genera......................................................................187 Morphological Mapping and Biogeography ......................................................................188 VITA.......................................................................................................................................191 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 List of genera from the subtribe Hinterhuberinae according to Nesom and Robinson (2006)..................................................................................................................................4 Table 2.1. List of genera from the informal Hinterhubera group and their geographic distribution........................................................................................................................24 Table 2.2. Systematic position of genera from Hinterhubera group according to different authors. .............................................................................................................................26