DOCSLIB.ORG

Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa m i-n m o QL THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA, INCLUDING CEYLON AND BURMA. Pl-'BLISHEI) UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COI'NCIL. EDITED BT A. E. SHIPLEY, M.A., Sc.D., HON. D.So., F.R.8. FRESHWATER SPONGES, HYDROIDS & POLYZOA. BY N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., SUPERINTENDENT AND TRUSTEE (EX OFFICIO) OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM, FELLOW OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL AND OF THE CALCUTTA UNIYEKSITV. LONDON: TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. CALCUTTA : BOMBAY : THACKER, SPINK, & CO. THACKER & CO., LIMITED. BERLIN : R. FRIEDLANDER & 8OHN, 11 CARLSTRASSE. August, 1911, PRINTED AT TODAY & TOMORROW'S PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS, FARIDABAD CONTENTS, Page EDITOR'S PRKFACK ........... r SYSTBMATIC INDEX vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION I Biological Peculiarities 2 Geographical Distribution 5 Geographical List 7 Special Localities . 13 Nomenclature and Terminology . 17 Material 20 INTRODUCTION TO PART I. (Spongillidee) 27 The Phylum Porifera '. ..... 27 ( General Structure 29 ' Skeleton and Spicules . ". 33 Colour and Odour 35 External Form and Consistency 37 Variation 39 Nutrition 41 Reproduction 41 Development 45 Habitat 47 Animals and Plants commonly associated with Freshwater Sponges 49 Freshwater Sponges in relation to Man ,. ."'. 50 Indian Spongillidae compared with those of other Countries. 51 Fossil Spongillidae 52 Oriental Spongillidae not yet found in India 52 History of the Study of Freshwater Sponges 54 Literature 55 GLOSSARY or TECHNICAL TERMS USKD IN PART 1 61 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE INDIAN SPONOILLID^E C3 IT CONTENTS. Pige INTRODUCTION TO PART II. (Hydrida) ........ 129 The Phylum Coelenterata arid the Class Hydrozoa .... 129 Structure of Hydra .............. 130 Capture and Ingestiou of Prey : Digestion ...... 133 Colour ................... 134 Behaviour ................. 136 Reproduction ................ 136 Development of the Egg ............ 139 Enemies ............... \ . 139 Ccelenterates of Brackish Water .......... 139 Freshwater Ccelenterates other than Hydra ...... 141 History of the Study of Hydra .......... 142 Bibliography of Hydra ............. 143 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN PART II ..... 145 LIST OF THE INDIAN HYDRIDA ............ 146 INTRODUCTION TO PART III. (Ctenostomata and Phylactokemata). 163 Status and Structure of the Polyzoa ........ 163 Capture and Digestion of Food: Elimination of Waste Products .... ............. 166 Reproduction: Budding ............. 168 Development ................ 170 Movements ................ 172 Distribution of the Freshwater Polyzoa ....'... 173 Polyzoa of Brackish Water ........... 174 History of the Study of Freshwater Polyzoa ...... 177 Bibliography of the Freshwater Polyzoa ....... 178 GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN PART IH. ... 181 SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE POLYZOA .... 183 SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBCLASSES, ORDERS, AND SUBORDERS . 183 SYNOPSIS OF THE LEADING CHARACTERS OF THE DIVISIONS OF THE SUBORDER CTENOSTOMATA ........... 186 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE INDIAN FRESHWATER POLYZOA . 187 APPENDIX TO THE VOLUME ............. 239 Hints on the Preparation of Specimens ........ 239 ' ADDENDA .............. ........ 242 ...... 242 ALPHABETICAL INDEX . ..,..,. ........... 249 ' - ? EXPLANATION OF PLATES. EDITOR'S PREFACE. DR. N. ANNANDALE'S volume on the Freshwater SPONGES, POLYZOA, and HYDRIDA contains an account of three of the chief groups of freshwater organisms. Although he deals mainly with Indian forms the book contains an unusually full account of the life-history and bionomics of fresh- water Sponges, Polyzoa, and Hydrozoa. I have to thank Dr. Aiinandale for the great care he has taken in the preparation of his manuscript for the press, and also the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, for their kindness in placing material at the disposal of the Author. A. E. SHIPLEY. Christ's College, Cambridge, March 1911. SYSTEMATIC INDEX, x POB1FEBA. 4. Dosilia, Gray 110 1. plumoaa (Carter) 111 . 66 Order HALIOHONDRINA 6. Trochospongilla, Vejdovsky . 113 1. latoucbiana, Annan- Fam. 1. SPONGILLID.* 65 dale 115 2. Annan- 1 . Spongilla, Lamarck 67 phillottiana, dale 117 1 A. hu*pongilla, Vejdovsky . 69 3. 118 1. lacuatris, auct 69 pennsylvanica (Pott*) 6. Carter 120 1 a. reticulate, Annan- Tubella, Annan- dale...., 71,241 1. vesparioidea, dale 120 2. proliferens, Annandale 72 7. Annandale . 122 3. alba, Carter 76 Corvospongilla, 1. burmanica 3 a. cerebellata, Bower- (Kirk- bank 76 patrick) 123 2. caunteri, Annandale. 243 3 b. bengalensis, Annandalt 77 3. 124 4. cinerea, Carter . 79, 241 lapidosa (Annandale) 5. travancorica, Annan- dak . 81 HYDEOZOA. 6. hemephydatia,.<4ttnan- dale 82 Order ELEUTHERO - 7. craterifornm"(Pott*) . 83 BLASTEA 147 1 B. /. E. 86 Eunapius, Gray Fam. 1. HYDBIDJB 147 8. carteri, Carter . 87, 241 8 a. mollis, Annandale. ... 88 1. Hydra, Linni . 147 8 b. cara, Annandale .... 88 1. Tulgaris, Pallas 148 8 c. lobosa, Annandale . 89 2. oligactis, Pallas . 168, 245 9. fragilia, Leidy 96 9 a. calcuttana, Annandale 96 POLTZOA. 9 b. Weber decipiens, 97 10. Annandale . 97 gemma, Order CTENOSTOMATA . 189 11. crassissima, Annandale 98 11 a. craeaior, Annandale . 98 Div. 1. Veflicularina 189 lc. Strataspongilla, Annan- dak 100 Fam. 1. VESICULARID^ 189 12. Annandale . indica, 100 1. Bowerbankia, Farre 189 Car- 13. bombayenais, 1. caudate, Hinckt 189 ter 102,241 1 a. bengalensis, Annan- 13 a. pneumatica, Annan- dak 189 dale 241 14. ultima, Annandale . , 104 Div. 2. Paludicellina 190 2. Pectispongilla, Annandale . 106 Fam. 1. PAz.uDiCKU.iD4c .... 191 1. aurea, Annandale .... 106 1 a. subepinosa, Annandale 107 1. Paludicella, Gervais 192 3. Ephydatia, Lamouroux .... 108 2. Victorella, Kent 194 1. meyeni (Carter) .... 108 1. bengalensis, Annan- 2. fluTiatdlis, auct 242 dale 196 VIM SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page Page Fam. 2. HISLOPIHWE 199 1. Plumatella (cont.). 3. javanica, Kraepelin . 221 1. Hislopia, Carter 199 4. diffusa, Leidy .. 223,245 1. lacustris, Carter .... 202 5. allmani, Hancock. 224, 246 1 a. moniliforruis, Annan- 6. tanganyikse, Rous- dale . 204 selet 226, 246 7. punctata, Hancock . 227 2. Annandale Order PHYLACTOL^EMATA 206 Stolella, 229 1. indica, Annandale. 229 Div. 1. Plumatellina 206 2. himalayana. Annan- dak. 246 Fam. 1. FREDEKICELLID^E . , . 208 1. Gervais 208 Fredericella, Subfam. B. Lophopince 231 1. indicft, Annandak 210,245 1. Lophopodella, Rousselet .... 231 Fam. 2. PLUMATELLID-S 211 1. carter! (Hyatt) 232 1 a. Subfam. A. Plumatdlince 212 himalayana (Annan- dale) 233 1. Plumatella, Lamarck 212 2. Pectinatella, Leidy 236 1. - fruticosa, Allman . 217 1. burmanica, Annan 2. emarginata, All- dale . 236 man 220, 245 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE VOLUME. ALTHOUGH some zoologists have recently revived the old belief that the sponges and the coelenterates are closely allied, no one in recent times has suggested that there is any morphological relationship between either of these groups and the polyzoa. Personally I do not think that any one of the three groups is allied to any other so far as anatomy is concerned; but for biological reasons it is convenient to describe the freshwater representatives of the three groups in one volume of the " Fauna." Indeed, I originally proposed to the Editor that this volume should include an account not only of the freshwater species, but of all those that have been found in stagnant water of any kind. It is often difficult to draw a line between the fauna of brackish ponds and marshes and that of pure fresh water or that of the sea, and this is particularly the case as regards the estuarine tracts of India and Burma. * Pelseneer has expressed the opinion that the Black Sea and the South-east of Asia are the two districts in the world most favourable for the study of the origin of a freshwater fauna from a marine one. The transition in particular from the Bay of Bengal, which is much less salt than most seas, to the lower * " L'origine des animaux d'eau douce," Bull, de 1'Acad. roy. de Belgique (Classe des Sciences), No. 12, 1905, p. 724. B 2 GENERAL INTBODUCTION. reaches of the Ganges or the Brahmaputra is peculiarly easy, and we find many molluscs and other animals of marine origin in the waters of these rivers far above tidal influence. Conditions are unfavourable in the rivers themselves for the development and multiplication of organisms of many groups, chiefly because of the enormous amount of silt held in suspension in the water and con- stantly being deposited on the bottom, and a much richer fauna exists in ponds and lakes in the neighbourhood of the rivers and estuaries than in running water. I have only found three species of polyzoa and three of sponges in running water in India, and of these six species, five have also been found in ponds or lakes. I have, on the other hand, found three coelenterates in an estuary, and all three species are essentially marine forms, but two have established themselves in ponds of brackish water, one (the sea-anemone Sayartia scliilleriana) undergoing in so doing modifications of a very peculiar and interesting nature. It is not uncommon for animals that have established themselves in pools of brackish water to be found occasionally in ponds of fresh not able to water ; but I have been discover a single instance of an estuarine species that is found in the latter and not in the former. For these reasons I intended, as I have said, to include in this volume descriptions of all the coelenterates and polyzoa known to occur in pools of brackish water in the estuary of the Ganges and elsewhere in India, but as my manuscript grew I began to realize that this
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Freshwater Sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) of Tennessee
    Freshwater Sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) of Tennessee Authors: John Copeland, Stan Kunigelis, Jesse Tussing, Tucker Jett, and Chase Rich Source: The American Midland Naturalist, 181(2) : 310-326 Published By: University of Notre Dame URL: https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-181.2.310 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-American-Midland-Naturalist on 18 Sep 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by United States Fish & Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center Am. Midl. Nat. (2019) 181:310–326 Notes and Discussion Piece Freshwater Sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) of Tennessee ABSTRACT.—Freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) are an understudied fauna. Many U.S. state and federal conservation agencies lack fundamental information such as species lists and distribution data. Such information is necessary for management of aquatic resources and maintaining biotic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Climacia Californica Chandler, 1953 (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) in Utah: Taxonomic Identity, Host Association and Seasonal Occurrence
    AQUATIC INSECTS 2019, VOL. 40, NO. 4, 317–327 https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2019.1652329 Climacia californica Chandler, 1953 (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) in Utah: taxonomic identity, host association and seasonal occurrence Makani L. Fishera, Robert C. Mowerb and C. Riley Nelsona aDepartment of Biology and M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; bUtah County Mosquito Abatement, Spanish Fork, UT, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY We provide a record of spongillaflies (Sisyridae) with an associated Received 30 December 2018 host sponge from a population found in Spring Creek, Utah. We Accepted 15 May 2019 monitored the population for the 2016 field season to identify the First published online insect and its associated host sponge and to establish the sea- 30 September 2019 ’ sonal period of the insect s presence in the adult stage. We also KEYWORDS evaluated the commonly used sampling techniques of sweeping Aquatic Neuroptera; and light trapping and made natural history observations. We Sisyridae; freshwater identified the spongillaflies as Climacia californica Chandler, 1953 sponge; Utah; and the sponge to be Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758). We col- Intermountain West lected 1726 adults, and light trapping proved to be the superior collecting method. The population was characterised by a two- week emergence peak occurring at the end of July to beginning of August followed by a steep decline. Other habitats within the state contained E. fluviatilis and should be sampled using light traps at times when peak abundances are predicted to further understand the distribution of C. californica across the state and the Intermountain West. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F795281F-0042-4F5F-B15B-F6C584FACF2B Introduction Sisyridae, or spongillaflies, and freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae) are linked together in a parasite–host association (Parfin and Gurney 1956; Steffan 1967; Resh 1976; Pupedis 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • Spiculous Skeleton Formation in the Freshwater Sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis Under Hypergravity Conditions
    Spiculous skeleton formation in the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis under hypergravity conditions Martijn C. Bart1, Sebastiaan J. de Vet2,3, Didier M. de Bakker4, Brittany E. Alexander1, Dick van Oevelen5, E. Emiel van Loon6, Jack J.W.A. van Loon7 and Jasper M. de Goeij1 1 Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Earth Surface Science, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 Taxonomy & Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands 4 Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research & Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 5 Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research & Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 6 Department of Computational Geo-Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 7 Dutch Experiment Support Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center & Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) & European Space Agency Technology Center (ESA-ESTEC), TEC-MMG LIS Lab, Noordwijk, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ABSTRACT Successful dispersal of freshwater sponges depends on the formation of dormant sponge bodies (gemmules) under adverse conditions. Gemmule formation allows the sponge to overcome critical environmental conditions, for example, desiccation or freezing, and to re-establish as a fully developed sponge when conditions are more favorable. A key process in sponge development from hatched gemmules is the construction of the silica skeleton. Silica spicules form the structural support for the three-dimensional filtration system the sponge uses to filter food particles from Submitted 30 August 2018 ambient water.
    [Show full text]
  • Nabs 2004 Final
    CURRENT AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON BENTHIC BIOLOGY 2004 Published August, 2005 North American Benthological Society 2 FOREWORD “Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology” is published annu- ally for the members of the North American Benthological Society, and summarizes titles of articles published during the previous year. Pertinent titles prior to that year are also included if they have not been cited in previous reviews. I wish to thank each of the members of the NABS Literature Review Committee for providing bibliographic information for the 2004 NABS BIBLIOGRAPHY. I would also like to thank Elizabeth Wohlgemuth, INHS Librarian, and library assis- tants Anna FitzSimmons, Jessica Beverly, and Elizabeth Day, for their assistance in putting the 2004 bibliography together. Membership in the North American Benthological Society may be obtained by contacting Ms. Lucinda B. Johnson, Natural Resources Research Institute, Uni- versity of Minnesota, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811. Phone: 218/720-4251. email:[email protected]. Dr. Donald W. Webb, Editor NABS Bibliography Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Biodiversity 607 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 217/333-6846 e-mail: [email protected] 3 CONTENTS PERIPHYTON: Christine L. Weilhoefer, Environmental Science and Resources, Portland State University, Portland, O97207.................................5 ANNELIDA (Oligochaeta, etc.): Mark J. Wetzel, Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820.................................................................................................................6 ANNELIDA (Hirudinea): Donald J. Klemm, Ecosystems Research Branch (MS-642), Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Re- search Laboratory, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268- 0001 and William E.
    [Show full text]
  • Louisiana Freshwater Sponges: Taxonomy, Ecology and Distribution
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 Louisiana Freshwater Sponges: Taxonomy, Ecology and Distribution. Michael Anthony Poirrier Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Poirrier, Michael Anthony, "Louisiana Freshwater Sponges: Taxonomy, Ecology and Distribution." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1683. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1683 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9083 POIRMER, Michael Anthony, 1942- LOUISIANA FRESH-WATER SPONGES: TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9083 POIRRIER, Michael Anthony, 1942- LOUXSIANA FRESH-WATER SPONGES: TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Zoology University Microfilms,
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    OCCASlONAL PAPER N'O. 138 z ------I e _........... g 0 D 0 I I RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 138 FRESHWATER SPONGES OF INDIA By T·D.SOOTA Bdited by the Director, Zoological SurtJey of Indi~ 1991 © Copyright 1991, Government of India Published in June, 1991 PRICE: Inlaod : Rs_ 65-00 Foreign: £ 4-00 $ 10'00 PRINTBD IN INDIA BY THE BANI PRESS, 16, HBMBNDRA SBN STREET, CALCUTTA-700 006, PUBLISHBD BY THB DIRECTOR, AND PRODUCED BY THE PUBLICATION DMSION ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, CALCU'rfA.-700 072 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION Occasional Paper No. 138 1991 Pages 1-116 CONTENTS PAGE I. 1ntroauction 1 II. A Brief Hi8tory ... 5 III. General Account ... 8 (i) General structure ... 8 (ii) Colouration ... 9 (iii) Nutrition ... 10 (iv) Respiration 10 (v) Circulation 11 (vi) Excretion 11 (vii) Cell behaviour in aggregation 11 (viii) Reproduction 12 (iv) Symbiosis ... 12 (x) Commensalism ••• 13 (xi) Water pollution ... 13 (xii) Temperature ••• 14 IV. Oollection and, Pre8ervation ... 15 V. Identification 16 VI. Ourrent sY8tematics Problem8 19 VII. Systematic Account ••• 20 Phylum Porifera Grant, 1872 20 Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1875 20 Order Haplosclerida Topsent, 1898 ••• 20 .. l 11 ] PA~B Family Spongillidae Gray, 1867 ••• 20 Key to genera ... 21 Genus I. SpongiZZa Lamarck, 1816 ••• 22 Key to species ••• 24 1. SpongiZla alba Carter, 1849 ... 25 2. S. lacU8tris (Linnaeus, 1758) • •• 27 Genus II. Eunapiu8 Gray, 1867 ... 30 Key to species ... 32 3. Eunapius oolcuttanu8 (Annandale, 1911) ... 32 4. E. ca·rteri (Bowerbank, 1863) • •• 34 5. E. cra8sissimu8 (Annandale, 1907) 36 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Porifera: Spongillidae) © 2020 JEZS Received: 15-06-2020 in the Canal of Sundarbans Eco-Region, India Accepted: 14-08-2020
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(5): 36-39 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Occurrence of freshwater sponge Ephydatia www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2020; 8(5): 36-39 fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1759 (Porifera: Spongillidae) © 2020 JEZS Received: 15-06-2020 in the canal of Sundarbans eco-region, India Accepted: 14-08-2020 Tasso Tayung Scientist, ICAR-Central Inland Tasso Tayung, Pranab Gogoi, Mitesh H Ramteke, Dr. Archana Sinha, Dr. Fisheries Research Institute, Aparna Roy, Arunava Mitra and Dr. Basanta Kumar Das Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Abstract Pranab Gogoi A field survey was carried out to the Bishalakhi canal (21°46'49.2"N 88°05'27.7"E) located in Sagar Scientist, ICAR-Central Inland Island, Indian Sundarbans eco-region. The canal is a tide fed canal subjected to the brackish water Fisheries Research Institute, influence as it is connected to the Hooghly River. A mass of freshwater sponge was found growing on Barrackpore, Kolkata, West submerged nylon net screen and bamboo poles structure, these structure were constructed for fish culture Bengal, India in the canal. Sponge specimens were carefully scraped out using a clean flat blade with the help of 'scalpel' and preserved it in 70% ethanol. Sponge samples were undergone an acid digestion process to Mitesh H Ramteke obtain clean spicules. The spicules sample were examined under a compound light microscope for Scientist, ICAR-Central Inland species-level identification. The sponge specimen was identified as Ephydatia fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1759 Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West based on gemmule spicule morphology. The present study is the first report on the occurrence of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Issue, Vol. 57 No. 2
    Great Basin Naturalist Volume 57 Number 2 Article 14 5-7-1997 Full Issue, Vol. 57 No. 2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation (1997) "Full Issue, Vol. 57 No. 2," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 57 : No. 2 , Article 14. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol57/iss2/14 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. T H E GREATG R E A T BASINBAS I1 naturalistnaturalist A VOLUME 57 NQ 2 APRIL 1997 br16hamBRIGHAM YOUNG university GREAT BASIN naturalist editor assistant editor RICHARD W BAUMANN NATHAN M SMITH 290 MLBM 190 MLBM PO box 20200 PO box 26879 brigham young university brigham young university provo UT 84602020084602 0200 provo UT 84602687984602 6879 801378soisol8013785053801 378 5053 8013786688801 378 6688 FAX 8013783733801 378 3733 emailE mail nmshbll1byuedu associate editors J R CALLAHAN PAUL C MARSH museum of southwestern biology university of center for environmental studies arizona new mexico albuquerque NM state university tempe AZ 85287 mailing address box 3140 hemet CA 92546 STANLEY D SMITH BRUCE D ESHELMAN department of biology department of biological sciences university of university of nevada las vegas wisconsin whitewater whitewater wlWI 53190 las vegas NV 89154400489154
    [Show full text]
  • Stimulatory Activity of Four Green Freshwater Sponges on Aquatic Mycotal Communities
    Vol. 14(45), pp. 3093-3100, 11 November, 2015 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2015.14738 Article Number: 10.5897/AJB2015.14738 ISSN 1684-5315 African Journal of Biotechnology Copyright © 2015 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Full Length Research Paper Stimulatory activity of four green freshwater sponges on aquatic mycotal communities Bazyli Czeczuga*, Ewa Czeczuga- Semeniuk, Adrianna Semeniuk- Grell and Janusz Semeniuk Department of General Biology, Medical University, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland. Received 16 May, 2015; Accepted 22 October, 2015 The influence of the four species of green sponges (Ephydatia muelleri, Heteromeyenia stepanowii, Spongilla fluviatilis, and Spongilla lacustris) on the occurrence of aquatic mycotal species in the water of three four water bodies of different trophy was investigated in this study. Seeds and snake exuviae were used as baits. For the measurement of the primary and extracellular production by symbiotic algae of green sponges and assimilation of those products by mycota, radioactive carbon (14C) was used. A total of 75 mycotal species were found to be growing on the baits. The fewest mycota were noted in the containers in water from oligotrophic Lake Hańcza; the most in the containers with eutrophic water from River Supraśl. More mycota were found to grow in the containers with green sponges (Sp) than in the controls (Co) in water from all water bodies. The mean ratio of Sp/Co in green sponges ranged from 2.30 (E. muelleri) to 4.80 (H. stepanowii); in brown colonies (without symbiotic algae) it was 0.90. Mean value of 14C fixation (primary production) in symbiotic algae of Spogilla fluviatilis was 5.67 mg C g-1 dry weight sponge per hour.
    [Show full text]
  • (Porifera: Spongillina) from Nearctic Freshwater with Description of a New Genus
    Zootaxa 3957 (1): 037–048 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FCF72565-AF25-45AC-8608-9A0C4D312FFD Discovery of living Potamolepidae (Porifera: Spongillina) from Nearctic freshwater with description of a new genus JOHN COPELAND1, ROBERTO PRONZATO2 & RENATA MANCONI3 1 Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, Tennessee 37752, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 3Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We report here the first record of a living Potamolepidae (Cherokeesia n. gen.) from the Nearctic Region and from the northern hemisphere. The new species Cherokeesia armata from southern Appalachians diverges at generic and specific level from all the other known taxa of the family Potamolepidae in its unique combination of diagnostic traits: gemmular theca armed by gemmuloscleres ranging from small strongyle-like spicules to stout, large oxeas; absence of pneumatic layer; spiny oxeas as main skeleton megascleres; irregular, slender pauci- to uni-spicular skeletal network. The most sim- ilar species belong to the genera Potamophloios and Oncosclera. The circumtropical biogeographic pattern of extant Pota- molepidae, previously considered of Gondwanian to Gondwanian-like origin, is enlarged to the Nearctic. The present Tennessee discovery confirms a wider range of the family.
    [Show full text]
  • Overwintering Stages of Sisyra Iridipennis A. Costa, 1884 (Neuroptera Sisyridae)
    Ann. Mus. civ. St. nat. Ferrara Vol. 8 2005 [2007] pp. 153-159 ISSN 1127-4476 Overwintering stages of Sisyra iridipennis A. Costa, 1884 (Neuroptera Sisyridae) Laura Loru1, Roberto A. Pantaleoni1,2 & Antonio Sassu1 1) Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o 2) Sezione di Entomologia a- graria, Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Università degli Studi, via Enrico De Nicola, I-07100 Sassari SS, Italia, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Sisyra iridipennis has a Western Mediterranean distribution throughout the Iberian Peninsula, Maghreb and Sardinia. Little is known about its life history. To determine the overwintering stages of this species, a series of surveys were carried out at Riu Bunnari (Sassari, NW Sardinia). In the period between November and February, S. iridipennis was found exclusively as a first instar larva. This spongillafly lives in environments characterized by strong summer dryness, in which the host sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus,1758) (Porifera Spongillidae) exhibits a summer quiescence. It is possible that the life history strategy utilised by S. iridipennis has evolved to track this com- monly occurring poriferan. Key words – Sisyra, freshwater sponges, life cycle, Mediterranean. Introduction well known. They all have a “northern” distribution: Holarctic in S. nigra, East- The Sisyridae is a small family of Neu- Nearctic in S. vicaria and Cl. areolaris, roptera containing about fifty species in and European in S. terminalis. four genera among which Sisyra is co- Sisyra iridipennis A. Costa, 1884 has smopolitan (Tauber et al., 2003). The lar- a Western Mediterranean distribution vae are aquatic obligate predators of throughout the Iberian Peninsula (Mon- freshwater sponges (New, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • The Sponge Genus Ephydatia from the High-Latitude Middle Eocene: Environmental and Evolutionary Significance
    PalZ (2016) 90:673–680 DOI 10.1007/s12542-016-0328-2 RESEARCH PAPER The sponge genus Ephydatia from the high-latitude middle Eocene: environmental and evolutionary significance 1 2 3 4 Andrzej Pisera • Renata Manconi • Peter A. Siver • Alexander P. Wolfe Received: 12 February 2016 / Accepted: 4 September 2016 / Published online: 28 September 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The freshwater sponge species Ephydatia cf. durch birotule Gemmoskleren als auch durch Megaskleren facunda Weltner, 1895 (Spongillida, Spongillidae) is (Oxen) belegt. Heute besiedelt E. facunda warm-tempe- reported for the first time as a fossil from middle Eocene rierte Wasserko¨rper, somit spricht ihr Vorkommen fu¨r ein lake sediments of the Giraffe kimberlite maar in northern warmes Klima in hohen Breiten wa¨hrend des Mittel- Canada. The sponge is represented by birotule gemmu- Eoza¨ns. Die morphologische A¨ hnlichkeit der Birotulen in loscleres as well as oxea megascleres. Today, E. facunda Bezug auf moderne konspezifische Formen legt eine pro- inhabits warm-water bodies, so its presence in the Giraffe trahierte morphologische Stasis nahe, vergleichbar mit locality provides evidence of a warm climate at high lati- derjenigen anderer kieseliger Mikrofossilien aus derselben tudes during the middle Eocene. The morphological simi- Fundstelle. larity of the birotules to modern conspecific forms suggests protracted morphological stasis, comparable to that repor- Schlu¨sselwo¨rter Porifera Su¨ßwasserschwa¨mme Eoza¨n ted for other siliceous microfossils from the same locality. Kanada Klima MorphologischeÁ Stasis Á Á Á Á Keywords Porifera Freshwater sponges Eocene Canada Climate MorphologicalÁ stasis Á Á Introduction Á Á Kurzfassung Die rezente Su¨ßwasserschwamm-Art Ephy- Freshwater sponges (Porifera, Spongillida) are common in datia cf.
    [Show full text]