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Great Basin Naturalist Volume 57 Number 2 Article 14 5-7-1997 Full Issue, Vol. 57 No. 2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation (1997) "Full Issue, Vol. 57 No. 2," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 57 : No. 2 , Article 14. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol57/iss2/14 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. T H E GREATG R E A T BASINBAS I1 naturalistnaturalist A VOLUME 57 NQ 2 APRIL 1997 br16hamBRIGHAM YOUNG university GREAT BASIN naturalist editor assistant editor RICHARD W BAUMANN NATHAN M SMITH 290 MLBM 190 MLBM PO box 20200 PO box 26879 brigham young university brigham young university provo UT 84602020084602 0200 provo UT 84602687984602 6879 801378soisol8013785053801 378 5053 8013786688801 378 6688 FAX 8013783733801 378 3733 emailE mail nmshbll1byuedu associate editors J R CALLAHAN PAUL C MARSH museum of southwestern biology university of center for environmental studies arizona new mexico albuquerque NM state university tempe AZ 85287 mailing address box 3140 hemet CA 92546 STANLEY D SMITH BRUCE D ESHELMAN department of biology department of biological sciences university of university of nevada las vegas wisconsin whitewater whitewater wlWI 53190 las vegas NV 89154400489154 4004 JEFFREY J JOHANSEN PAUL T TUELLER department of biology john carroll university department of environmental resource sciences university heights OH 44118 university of nevada reno 1000 valley road reno NV 89512 BORIS C kondratieff department of entomology colorado state ROBERT C WHITMORE university fort collins CO 80523 division of forestry box 6125 west virginia university Morganmorgantowntown WV 26506612526506 6125 editorial board berranjerran T flinders chairman botany and range science duke S rogers zoology wilford M hess botany and range science richard R tolman zoology all are at brigham young university ex officio editorial board members include steven L taylor college of biology and agriculture H duane smith director monte L bean life science museum richard W baumann editor great basin naturalist the great basin naturalist founded in 1939 is published quarterly by brigham young university unpublished manuscripts that further our biological understanding of the great basin and surrounding areas in western north america are accepted for publication subscriptions annual subscriptions to the great basin naturalist for 1997 are 25 for individual sub- scriscribersbers 30 outside the united states and 50 for institutions the price of single issues is 12 all back issues are in print and available for sale all matters pertaining to subscriptions back issues or other busi- ness should be directed to the editor great basin naturalist 290 MLBM PO box 20200 brigham young university provo UT 84602020084602 0200 scholarly exchanges libraries or other organizations interested in obtaining the great basin naturalist through a continuing exchange of scholarly publications should contact the exchange librarian 6385 HBLL PO box 26889 brigham young university provo UT 84602688984602 6889 editorial production staff joanne abel technical editor copyright 0 1997 by Brigbrighamhain young university ISSN 001736140017 3614 official publication date 7 may 1997 5975 97 750 22025 the great basin naturalist PUBLISHED AT PROVO UTAH BY BRIGHAM YOUNG university ISSN 001736140017 3614 VOLUME 57 30 APRIL 1997 no 2 great basin naturalist 572 019971997 appp 93 103 freshwater SPONGES PORIFERA spongillidae OF WESTERN MONTANA susan H bartoni and john S addis2addiseaddisl2 ABSTRACT between may 1992 and april 1996 freshwater sponges fonporiferaPonferahera spongillidae were collected at 24 sites distributed among 6 sub major drainage basins in western montana to determine the species present water samples also were analyzed from 16 of these sites and from 9 sites at which no sponges were detected to characterize sponge habitats chemically thieethree species of sponges were identified ephydatia muellerimuellen em eunapiusfragiliseunapiusEunaeunepiusprus frafragilisfragulispragilis Eef and spongilla lacus tris sl A ath4th type of specimen was present at 2 sites but could not be identified because of the absence ofgemoulesgemmulesofgemmulesgemmules and gemmoscleres at 46 of the sites containing sponges more than I1 specimen type was present sponges were most com- monly found near outlets of lakes attached to sides or undersides of submerged rocks and logs they appeared as encrusting em ef sl lobate em and fingerlike sl growths varying in color from light tan to green dimensions of the spispiculesspicklescules varied greatly within each species and expanded previously recorded ranges no factors limiting sponge dis- tributiontribution were identified but ranges of conductivity em and of silica em sl calcium em and magnesium em con- centrationscentrations were expanded beyond those reported previously key words freshwater sponges bonPonporiferaferapera spongillidae ephydatiaepbydatia muellenmuelleri eunapiusEunapius frafragilisfragulisgilis spongilla laculacustnslacustrisstris montana although freshwater sponges form part of 1932 jewell 193519391935 1939 poirrier 1969 harrison the benthic community in many of the world s 1974 in addition some attempts have been lentic and lotic habitats they are among the made to identify factors that affect species dis- least understood of animal groups basic ques- tributiontribution old 1932 jewell 1935 1939 poirrier tions about their biogeography and ecology 1969 strekal and mcdiffett 1974 freshwater remain unanswered frost 1991 their distri- sponges of the west in contrast have received butions have not been completely determined much less attention this is unfortunate since and their habitat requirements have not been water quality is an important issue in the west- fully defined ern united states and since sponges are poten- freshwater sponges in the united states tially valuable indicatorsbioindicatorsbio of water quality have been studied most extensively in the east harrison 1974 francis and harrison 1988 and midwest species present in these regions richelle maurer et al 1994 have been described and their habitats charac- in the mountain west only freshwater terized in chemical and physical terms old sponges of colorado have been studied in department of biology carroll college helena MT 59625 author to whom correspondence should be addressed 93 94 GREAT BASIN naturalist volume 57 detail williams 1977 1980 freshwater sponges tanes upper daridarkoarkclariciariclark fork lower clark fork have been collected in montana see for ex- kootenai and flathead water quality bureau ample young 1935 poirrier et Aal 1987 but no 1991 sites included lakes and ponds man studies focusing on the freshwater sponges of made as well as natural and in some cases the this state have been published in this paper first 50 m of rivers or streams draining lakes and we report results of a survey of freshwater ponds most sites were within 2 km of a road sponges in western montana the survey was in most cases we collected samples by wad- conducted to identify the species present and to ing near the shore and handhandpickingpicking likely determine chemical and physical ranges for substratasubstratalsubstrata submerged rocks or logs most each species habitat the latter is a necessary samples were obtained from substratasubstratalsubstrata sub- step in defining factors that influence sponge merged at depths of less than 1 m in I1 lake distribution blanchard lake samples were collected by diving substratum depth min this case was MATERIALS AND METHODS approximately 3 m we attempted to collect gemoulesgemgemmulesmules asexual propagules with the sampling sam- ples by scraping the substratum with a knife between may 1992 and april 1996 we ob- or gathering a piece of the substratum itself tained sponge samples from 24 sites in western for transport to the laboratory samples were montana listed in table 1 these sites were placed inm small containers with lake water distributed among 6 sub major drainage basins between june and august 1994 surface missouri sun smith upper missouri tribu water grab samples were taken from 16 sites at tableTABLL 1 surveyed lakes in westeinwestern montana containing freshwater sponges species lake county locality present MISSOURI SUN SMIIIISMITH BASIN holter lake lewis and clarkglaik 49o59n149059n112000w12o00w 13 upper holteiholterholtelholtey lake lewis and clark 4650n11200w46050n112000w 1 UPPERUPPLR MISSOURI tributariesTRIBUTATRIBU parlesPARIESrlesRIES BASIN lowellower mineiminer lake beaverhead 4520n1i3o34w45020n113034w 13 rockroekbockboek island lake beaverhead 45018n113041w45118n113141w 23 upper mineiminelminer lake beaverhead 4516n11341w45016n113041w 2 hebgen lake madison 44052n1120w44152n1 I1 i20w 13 jerome rock lake madison 4523ni45023n1128w4523 NI I1 i28w 2 pond below blue paradise lake madison 4457n144057n1126wI1 i26w 2 quake lake madison 4450ni445044050n111026wNI I1 126w 23 willow creek reservoirreser volivoir madison 4543nmo42w4543n11142w 1 UPPER CLARK FORK BASIN blanchard lake missoula 47101n147001n113023w1323w 234 salmon lake missoula 4706n11324w47006n113024w 123 coopers lake powell 47005n112055w47105n112155w 34 pond nealnear west forifoifolforkk of bittelbitterrooti oot river