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Vegetation Structure and Ground Cover Attributes Describe the Occurrence This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Riordan, Caitlin, Pearce, Coral, McDonald, Bill J F, Gynther, Ian, & Baker, Andrew (2020) Vegetation structure and ground cover attributes describe the occurrence of a newly discovered carnivorous marsupial on the Tweed Shield Volcano caldera, the endangered black-tailed dusky antechinus (Antechinus ark- tos). Ecology and Evolution, 10(4), pp. 2104-2121. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/199402/ c 2020 The Author(s) This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] License: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6045 Received: 19 June 2019 | Revised: 19 August 2019 | Accepted: 27 August 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6045 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Vegetation structure and ground cover attributes describe the occurrence of a newly discovered carnivorous marsupial on the Tweed Shield Volcano caldera, the endangered black-tailed dusky antechinus (Antechinus arktos) Caitlin E. Riordan1 | Coral Pearce1 | Bill J. F. McDonald2 | Ian Gynther3,4 | Andrew M. Baker1,4 1Earth, Environmental & Biological Sciences, Science & Engineering Faculty, Queensland Abstract University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, The black-tailed dusky antechinus (Antechinus arktos) is a recently discovered, en- Australia dangered, carnivorous marsupial mammal endemic to the Tweed Shield Volcano cal- 2Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, Qld, dera, straddling the border between Queensland and New South Wales in eastern Australia Australia. The species' preference for cool, high-altitude habitats makes it particularly 3Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Science, Bellbowrie, Qld, vulnerable to a shifting climate as these habitats recede. Aside from basic breed- Australia ing and dietary patterns, the species' ecology is largely unknown. Understanding 4 Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, fine-scale habitat attributes preferred by this endangered mammal is critical to em- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia ploy successful conservation management. Here, we assess vegetation attributes of known habitats over three sites at Springbrook and Border Ranges National Parks, Correspondence Coral Pearce, Earth, Environmental & including detailed structure data and broad floristic assessment. Biological Sciences, Science & Engineering Floristic compositional assessment of the high-altitude cloud rainforest indicated Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld broad similarities. However, only 22% of plant species were shared between all sites 4001, Australia. indicating a high level of local endemism. This suggests a diverse assemblage of veg- Email: [email protected] etation across A. arktos habitats. Funding information Habitat characteristics were related to capture records of A. arktos to determine Saving our Species Program (NSW Environment & Heritage) potential fine-scale structural habitat requirements. Percentage of rock cover and leaf litter were the strongest predictors of A. arktos captures across survey sites, suggesting a need for foraging substrate and cover. Habitat characteristics described here will inform predictive species distribution models of this federally endangered species and are applicable to other mammal conservation programs. KEYWORDS conservation, Dasyuridae, endangered, habitat characteristics, high altitude, range restricted This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Ecology and Evolution. 2020;00:1–12. www.ecolevol.org | 1 2 | RIORDAN ET AL. 1 | INTRODUCTION ecological knowledge with benefits for conservation programs being developed for this species. Research indicates climate change is increasing atmospheric tem- Several other new Antechinus species have recently been de- peratures, in turn reducing the home ranges of many animal species, scribed and their ecology is poorly understood (see Baker, Mutton, particularly those confined to montane habitats (Colloff et al., 2016; Mason, & Gray, 2015). Gray, Baker, & Firn, 2017; IPCC, 2014). With increasing change, con- In May 2018, one other species was listed as endangered under servation management priorities for threatened and rare species federal legislation (EPBC act 1999), namely the Black-tailed dusky an- within these habitats must be flexible and strategically tailored to techinus (Antechinus arktos) from the Tweed Shield Volcano caldera, meet the needs of the species in question, maximizing the chances of straddling the Queensland/New South Wales border on mid-eastern successful preservation (Ceballos et al., 2015). Both habitat and veg- Australia (Baker, Mutton, Hines, & Dyck, 2014). This species is the etation structure play a vital role for many species in both evolution- focus of the present study. ary and ecological functioning and processing (Gibson, Blomberg, & Forested environments, such as the Gondwanan rainforest relics Sedinger, 2016). For endangered or rare species, this notion neces- of the Tweed Shield Volcano caldera, harbor much of the endemic sitates a specific understanding of how habitat structure and vege- and endangered faunal species occurring in Australian states (Figgis, tation composition may impact animal occurrence and the habitat 2000; Scarlett et al., 2015). Since description of A. arktos in 2014, selection by species (Dinsmore, White, & Knopf, 2002; Gibson et the species has been listed as endangered under both state and fed- al., 2016). eral legislation, due to its highly fragmented, high-altitude habitat, Recent studies describing critical habitat of threatened or newly limited potential for distribution on the caldera, extremely low ap- discovered species often make use of aerial imagery and geographic parent abundance, and a range of threats exacerbating these prob- information systems (GIS) to identify areas of known occurrence, lems (Baker et al., 2014; Gray, Baker, et al., 2017; Gray, Burwell, & areas of conservation concern, or to establish potential suitable hab- Baker, 2016; Gray, Dennis, & Baker, 2017). However, these factors itat (Reza, Abdullah, Nor, & Ismail, 2013; Turner, Douglas, Hallum, remain poorly understood and need urgent research to ensure ef- Krausman, & Ramey, 2004; Zlinszky, Heilmeier, Balzter, Czúcz, & fective conservation management (Baker et al., 2014; Gray, Baker, et Pfeifer, 2015). Furthermore, some studies use this method exclu- al., 2017; Gray et al., 2016; Gray, Dennis, et al., 2017). Foundational sively to describe a species' habitat and utilize largely abiotic vari- studies have been conducted on the species' taxonomy by Baker et ables to quantitatively assess habitat preferences (Turner et al., al. (2014) and reproductive biology, population dynamics, and di- 2004). However, many small mammal species, especially those with etary preference by Gray et al. (2016), Gray, Baker, et al. (2017), and limited or patchy distributions, will not necessarily be well-repre- Gray, Dennis, et al. (2017). Information on the species' habitat use sented by broad-scale vegetation assemblages, such as those pro- and preference represents a crucial knowledge gap. duced by GIS and aerial photography (Cusack, Wearn, Bernard, & Therefore, the present study aims to produce a fine-scale habi- Ewers, 2015; Mason, Firn, Hines, & Baker, 2017; Rowe et al., 2015; tat description of known A. arktos sites and relate these findings to Stirnemann, Mortelliti, Gibbons, & Lindenmayer, 2015). Rather, fine- mark–recapture information of the species (see Gray, Baker, et al., scale habitat and vegetation attributes that are structurally complex 2017). Antechinus arktos has apparently retracted altitudinally in re- at the microhabitat level may be key drivers of small mammal occur- cent decades and is threatened with imminent extinction under vari- rence within many ecosystems (Stirnemann et al., 2015). ous climate change scenarios (Baker et al., 2014). A robust knowledge One method of understanding how microhabitats influence of structural habitat attributes and microhabitat use is paramount to abundance and finer-scale occurrence of mammals adopts a com- understand how best to conserve A. arktos into the future. parison of autecological capture and occurrence data, linked with Specifically, we will therefore address the following research fine-scale structural
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