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Human-Mediated Introductions of Australian Acacias
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2011) 17, 771–787 S EDITORIAL Human-mediated introductions of PECIAL ISSUE Australian acacias – a global experiment in biogeography 1 2 1 3,4 David M. Richardson *, Jane Carruthers , Cang Hui , Fiona A. C. Impson , :H Joseph T. Miller5, Mark P. Robertson1,6, Mathieu Rouget7, Johannes J. Le Roux1 and John R. U. Wilson1,8 UMAN 1 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of ABSTRACT - Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, MEDIATED INTRODUCTIONS OF Aim Australian acacias (1012 recognized species native to Australia, which were Matieland 7602, South Africa, 2Department of History, University of South Africa, PO Box previously grouped in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae) have been moved extensively 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa, 3Department around the world by humans over the past 250 years. This has created the of Zoology, University of Cape Town, opportunity to explore how evolutionary, ecological, historical and sociological Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, 4Plant factors interact to affect the distribution, usage, invasiveness and perceptions of a Protection Research Institute, Private Bag globally important group of plants. This editorial provides the background for the X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, 20 papers in this special issue of Diversity and Distributions that focusses on the 5Centre for Australian National Biodiversity global cross-disciplinary experiment of introduced Australian acacias. A Journal of Conservation Biogeography Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box Location Australia and global. 1600, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 6Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Methods The papers of the special issue are discussed in the context of a unified Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, framework for biological invasions. -
Native Plants Sixth Edition Sixth Edition AUSTRALIAN Native Plants Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation
AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS SIXTH EDITION SIXTH EDITION AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation John W. Wrigley Murray Fagg Sixth Edition published in Australia in 2013 by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reed New Holland an imprint of New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Sydney • Auckland • London • Cape Town Many people have helped us since 1977 when we began writing the first edition of Garfield House 86–88 Edgware Road London W2 2EA United Kingdom Australian Native Plants. Some of these folk have regrettably passed on, others have moved 1/66 Gibbes Street Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia to different areas. We endeavour here to acknowledge their assistance, without which the 218 Lake Road Northcote Auckland New Zealand Wembley Square First Floor Solan Road Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa various editions of this book would not have been as useful to so many gardeners and lovers of Australian plants. www.newhollandpublishers.com To the following people, our sincere thanks: Steve Adams, Ralph Bailey, Natalie Barnett, www.newholland.com.au Tony Bean, Lloyd Bird, John Birks, Mr and Mrs Blacklock, Don Blaxell, Jim Bourner, John Copyright © 2013 in text: John Wrigley Briggs, Colin Broadfoot, Dot Brown, the late George Brown, Ray Brown, Leslie Conway, Copyright © 2013 in map: Ian Faulkner Copyright © 2013 in photographs and illustrations: Murray Fagg Russell and Sharon Costin, Kirsten Cowley, Lyn Craven (Petraeomyrtus punicea photograph) Copyright © 2013 New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Richard Cummings, Bert -
Woodland Spring 04/Fa.Indd
Page title goes here Volume 3 / Issue 3 ISSN 1445-1573 Spring 2004 Safe House By Mikla Lewis Rosemont is our 105 hectare property on the outskirts of The cypress is also utilised by a pair of Superb Fairy-wrens Grenfell, on the Central Western Slopes of NSW. Situated as their nesting site. Safe inside the dense, impenetrable on a scenic road leading to the Weddin Mountains National foliage, four babies are reared. Once fledged, a huge, matted Park, the property straddles a ridge of bushland dominated by climbing rose bush provides protection from weather and Mugga Ironbark, Red Stringybark and Cypress Pine, before predators. sloping down to cleared pastoral land and remnant Grey and White Box woodlands. The window on the enclosed back verandah is boarded up with a piece of corrugated iron, leaving a gap 12cm deep by Rosemont commands some of the most spectacular views of 80cm wide at the top; enough room for a pair of Welcome the Grenfell district. We bought the property in 2002 because Swallows to fly in and out. Their mud nest is precariously of the views, the wildlife and the remnant bushland. The placed on a metal electrical conduit just below the ceiling. Superb Parrot is present all year round, with flocks of over a Curious little heads peep over the rim of the nest and soon, hundred birds sometimes present in spring. novice but skilful fliers will negotiate the gap in the window and fly to freedom. An old, ramshackle fibro cottage, unoccupied and derelict for some 20 years, stands on the property. -
Pollination Ecology and Evolution of Epacrids
Pollination Ecology and Evolution of Epacrids by Karen A. Johnson BSc (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania February 2012 ii Declaration of originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Karen A. Johnson Statement of authority of access This thesis may be made available for copying. Copying of any part of this thesis is prohibited for two years from the date this statement was signed; after that time limited copying is permitted in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Karen A. Johnson iii iv Abstract Relationships between plants and their pollinators are thought to have played a major role in the morphological diversification of angiosperms. The epacrids (subfamily Styphelioideae) comprise more than 550 species of woody plants ranging from small prostrate shrubs to temperate rainforest emergents. Their range extends from SE Asia through Oceania to Tierra del Fuego with their highest diversity in Australia. The overall aim of the thesis is to determine the relationships between epacrid floral features and potential pollinators, and assess the evolutionary status of any pollination syndromes. The main hypotheses were that flower characteristics relate to pollinators in predictable ways; and that there is convergent evolution in the development of pollination syndromes. -
Forest Pathology in Hawaii*
343 FOREST PATHOLOGY IN HAWAII* DONALD E. GARDNERt United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Pacific Island Ecological Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA (Revision received for publication 3 February 2004) ABSTRACT Native Hawaiian forests are characterised by a high degree of endemism, including pathogens as well as their hosts. With the exceptions of koa (Acacia koa Gray), possibly maile (Alyxia olivifonnis Gaud.), and, in the past, sandalwood (Santalum spp.), forest species are of little commercial value. On the other hand, these forests are immensely important from a cultural, ecological, and evolutionary standpoint. Forest disease research was lacking during the mid-twentieth century, but increased markedly with the recognition of ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud.) decline in the 1970s. Because many pathogens are themselves endemic, or are assumed to be, having evolved with their hosts, research emphasis in natural areas is on understanding host-parasite interactions and evolutionary influences, rather than disease control. Aside from management of native forests, attempts at establishing a commercial forest industry have included importation of several species of pine, Araucana, and Eucalyptus as timber crops, and of numerous ornamentals. Diseases of these species have been introduced with their hosts. The attacking of native species by introduced pathogens is problematic — for example, Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quel, on koa and mamane (Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem.). Much work remains to be done in both native and commercial aspects of Hawaiian forest pathology. Keywords: endemic species; indigenous species; introduced species; island ecology; ohia decline. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY Forest pathology in Hawaii, as elsewhere, originated with casual observations of obvious disease and decline phenomena by amateur observers and general foresters. -
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Were Surveyed According to The
Site Site location description Zone Easting Northing Date Reach Sampling Length Method (m) FPR- Frying Pan Run downstream of proposed 55 525788 5919001 22/10/2015 N/A WQ DS1 Nordic Bowl altitude training center RVD Rocky Valley Dam reservoir 55 525959 5918863 21/10/2015 N/A WQ Table notes: EF (BP) - Backpack Electrofisher, BT - Bait Trap, DN – Dip Net, Aquatic macroinvertebrates were surveyed according to the techniques described in the Victorian AUSRIVAS Rapid Assessment Method developed by the Victorian Environment Protection Authority (Tiller & Metzeling 2002). This method involves the collection of samples two sampling techniques: slow-flowing river edges (dip- net technique) and fast-flowing riffles (kick-net technique). Macroinvertebrates were live-picked from the samples while in the field, preserved in 70% ethanol and later identified in the laboratory to family level or other taxonomic resolutions stipulated in the AUSRIVAS protocol (Tiller & Metzeling 2002). Results were then analysed using the AUSRIVAS software package, which contains predictive models that assess the ecological health of a monitoring reach by comparing its macroinvertebrate community with those of similar undisturbed reaches within the model. Backpack electrofishing was undertaken at four sites using a Smith Root LR-24 backpack electrofisher. Backpack electrofishing consisted of 500 second of ‘power on’ time at each site. Ten bait traps constructed of 2 millimetre mesh with entrance funnels of 40 millimetre in diameter were set overnight at Rocky Valley Creek Downstream site. Bait traps were deployed in depths of 0.25 to 0.5 metres, typically amongst cover of aquatic vegetation or other forms of cover. -
A Note on the Larval Host Plants and Biology of Melobasis Cupriceps
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mauritiana Jahr/Year: 1996 Band/Volume: 16_1996 Autor(en)/Author(s): Turner James R., Hawkeswood Trevor J. Artikel/Article: A note on the larval host plants and biology of Melobasis cupriceps (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Australia 81-85 ©Mauritianum, Naturkundliches Museum Altenburg Mauritiana (Altenburg) 16 (1996) 1, S. 81 — 86 A note on the larval host plants and biology of Melobasis cupriceps (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Australia With 1 Figure and 1 Table James R. Turner and Trevor J. H awkeswood Abstract: A new larval host plant, Oxylobium aciculiferum (F. Muell.) Benth. (Fabaceae), is recorded here for the Australian buprestid beetle, Melobasis cupriceps (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae). Its habitat is briefly recorded and aspects of the larval/pupal chambers are described. Oxylobium aciculiferum has not been recorded previously as a host (either larval or adult) for any other Australian Buprestidae and this is the first larval record from the genus Oxylobium. Melobasis cupriceps has been recorded previously as breeding in the branches of Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. (Mimosaceae). Zusammenfassung: Der Schmetterlingsblütler Oxylobium aciculiferum (F. Muell.) Benth. ist als neue Wirtspflanze der Larven des australischen Prachtkäfers Melobasis cupriceps (Kirby) (Col.: Buprestidae) festgestellt worden. Habitat und Aspekte der Puppenwiege des Käfers werden beschrieben. Weder Oxylobium aciculiferum noch eine andere Art der Gattung Oxylobium wurde bisher als Wirtspflanze für Larven oder Imagines der Buprestidenfauna gemeldet. Die Vermehrung von M . cupriceps war bisher nur in Zweigen von Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. beobachtet worden. Introduction The genus Melobasis Laporte & Gory is comprised of at least 80 species found throughout Australia and some in Papua New Guinea (Carter 1923,1929). -
Lankesteriana IV
LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 229-239. 2007. DENSITY INDUCED RATES OF POLLINARIA REMOVAL AND DEPOSITION IN THE PURPLE ENAMEL-ORCHID, ELYTHRANTHERA BRUNONIS (ENDL.) A.S. GEORGE 1,10 2 3 RAYMOND L. TREMBLAY , RICHARD M. BATEMAN , ANDREW P. B ROWN , 4 5 6 7 MARC HACHADOURIAN , MICHAEL J. HUTCHINGS , SHELAGH KELL , HAROLD KOOPOWITZ , 8 9 CARLOS LEHNEBACH & DENNIS WIGHAM 1 Department of Biology, 100 Carr. 908, University of Puerto Rico – Humacao campus, Humacao, Puerto Rico, 00791-4300, USA 2 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 3 Department of Environment and Conservation, Species and Communities Branch, Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6893, Australia 4 New York Botanic Garden, 112 Alpine Terrace, Hilldale, NJ 00642, USA 5 School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK 6 IUCN/SSC Orchid Specialist Group Secretariat, 36 Broad Street, Lyme Regis, Dorset, DT7 3QF, UK 7 University of California, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Irvine, CA 92697, USA 8 Massey University, Allan Wilson Center for Molecular Ecology and Evolution 9 Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA 10 Author for correspondence: [email protected] RESUMEN. La distribución y densidad de los individuos dentro de las poblaciones de plantas pueden afectar el éxito reproductivo de sus integrantes. Luego de describir la filogenia de las orquideas del grupo de las Caladeniideas y su biología reproductiva, evaluamos el efecto de la densidad en el éxito reproductivo de la orquídea terrestre Elythranthera brunonis, endémica de Australia del Oeste. El éxito reproductivo de esta orquídea, medido como la deposición y remoción de polinios, fue evaluado. -
Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the -
Southern Gulf, Queensland
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
The Vegetation of Granitic Outcrop Communities on the New England Batholith of Eastern Australia
547 The vegetation of granitic outcrop communities on the New England Batholith of eastern Australia John T. Hunter and Peter J. Clarke Hunter, John T. and Clarke, Peter J. (Division of Botany, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350) 1998. The vegetation of granitic outcrop communities on the New England Batholith of eastern Australia. Cunninghamia 5 (3): 547–618. The vegetation of 22 areas of granitic outcrops on the New England Batholith has been surveyed using semi-quantitative quadrat sampling. In total 399 0.1 ha quadrats were placed on 216 outcrops. Twenty-eight plant communities in nine major groups and an additional unsurveyed community are circumscribed. A high number of nationally rare or threatened taxa, many of which are restricted to outcrop areas, have been found in these communities along with many taxa of special note. Previous studies have over-emphasised structure which can vary considerably with negligible floristic change. Suggestions are made on potential areas for reservation. Introduction Studies concentrating on the vegetation of granitic outcrops have been undertaken throughout the world (e.g. Whitehouse 1933; Oosting & Anderson 1937; McVaugh 1943; Keever et al. 1951; Keever 1957; Hambler 1964; Murdy et al. 1970; Sharitz & McCormick 1973; Rundel 1975; Shure & Fagsdale 1977; Wyatt 1977; Phillips 1981; Phillips 1982; Wyatt 1981; Baskin & Baskin 1982; Walters 1982; Burbanck & Phillips 1983; Wyatt 1984a, b; Uno & Collins 1987; Baskin & Baskin 1988; Houle & Phillips 1988; Houle & Phillips 1989a, b; Houle 1990; Porembski et al. 1994; Ibisch et al. 1995; Porembski 1995; Porembski et al. 1996). Research into outcrops, and in particular granitic outcrops, has culminated in the formation of the ‘Inselberg-Projeckt’ supported by the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft (Porembski et al. -
Newsletter No.133
Acacia brunioides !" " As I write this, Melbourne is enjoying its coldest June day Contents Page since 1998. But to brighten up the bleakest of days, we have near our front door a brightly flowering Acacia chrysocephala. I first saw this small wattle some years ago, From the Leader 1 !"#$#%&'(#)&*#$"+#,'&(#-."&#+$(/#$*#0!"(#1$%$"$,234# Welcome 2 garden at Ocean Grove (south of Melbourne). Tony had a Study Group Excursions 2 number of these wattles dotted around the edge of his lawn, 5'6,2*&"6",#.7#$"#!*2&')64&#+.88#)6"*&'34#9!'"6",:##;*4# Smelly Acacias and Climate 2 bright golden flowers and compact growth habit make it a Acacia hybrids 2 great garden plant. Acacia irrorate 4 New Species ! Acacia citriodora 4 I hope that you find a number of the articles in this Transplanting Acacias and Other newsletter interesting, but one that I think is of particular Seedlings 4 interest is the one by John Gibson on the nature of the smell Prickly! You Bet! 5 of Acacia roots, and a possible link to our climate. I believe Books 6 that a number of our Study Group members have been Acacia cretacea 7 conscious of the smell emitted by Acacia roots < if you are Acacias in The News 8 one of these members, could you provide any information Wattle Day 2016 8 or data that you have to John, as he has requested in the Seed Bank 8 article (see page 2). Study Group Membership 9 As for all Study Groups, membership fees fall due on 1 July each year ! so it is now that time of year.