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Potenziale Und Risiken Eingeführter Baumarten Torsten Vor, Hermann Spellmann, Andreas Bolte, Christian Ammer (Hrsg.) Potenziale und Risiken eingeführter Baumarten Baumartenportraits mit naturschutzfachlicher Bewertung I Inhalt Autoren ................................................................................................................................................ IV Allgemeiner Teil - A ............................................................................................................................1 1. Anlass und Zielsetzung ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Einführung ...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene......................3 1.2.1 Umgang mit invasiven Arten nach dem Bundesnaturschutzgesetz ..........................3 1.2.2 EU-Biodiversitätsstrategie und Entwurf einer Europäischen Verordnung ..............4 1.3 Bewertung der Invasivität gebietsfremder Arten in der Diskussion ...............................5 1.3.1 Naturschutzfachliche Invasivitätsbewertung des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz ...5 1.3.2 Kritik der Forstwissenschaften an der Bewertung des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz ................................................................................................................................6 2. Definitionen und Kriterien zur Bewertung der Invasivität fremdländischer Baumarten .........................................................................................................................................7 2.1 Definitionen Invasivität ..........................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Ökologische Definitionen ..............................................................................................7 2.1.2 Gesetzliche Definitionen ................................................................................................8 2.2 Bewertungskriterien ............................................................................................................. 11 3. Zusammenfassende Bewertung und Ausblick ................................................................... 13 3.1 Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................................ 13 3.2 Ausblick ................................................................................................................................. 16 Literatur Allgemeiner Teil - A ................................................................................................... 17 Spezieller Teil - B ............................................................................................................................. 19 4. Baumartenportraits ................................................................................................................. 19 4.1 Abies grandis – Große Küstentanne .................................................................................. 19 4.2 Acer negundo – Eschenahorn ............................................................................................. 33 4.3 Ailanthus altissima – Götterbaum ...................................................................................... 42 4.4 Fraxinus pennsylvanica – Rotesche .................................................................................. 54 4.5 Gleditsia triacanthos – Gleditschie ................................................................................... 63 4.6 Larix kaempferi – Japanlärche ........................................................................................... 73 II 4.7 Paulownia tomentosa – Paulownie .................................................................................... 83 4.8 Pinus nigra – Schwarzkiefer .............................................................................................. 95 4.9 Pinus strobus – Strobe ....................................................................................................... 106 4.10 Populus x canadensis – Hybridpappel .......................................................................... 116 4.11 Prunus serotina – Spätblühende Traubenkirsche ........................................................ 126 4.12 Pseudotsuga menziesii – Douglasie ............................................................................... 142 4.13 Quercus rubra – Roteiche ............................................................................................... 166 4.14 Rhus typhina – Essigbaum .............................................................................................. 206 4.15 Robinia pseudoacacia – Robinie ................................................................................... 213 III I Autoren (alphabetische Reihenfolge) Prof. Dr. Christian Ammer, Leiter der Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Email: [email protected] Dr. Peter Annighöfer, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abt. Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Email: [email protected] Dr. Franz Binder, Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Waldbau und Bergwald, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Email: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Andreas Bolte, Leiter des Thünen-Instituts für Waldökosysteme, Alfred-Möller- Straße 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Email: [email protected] Dr. Peter Brang, Leiter Forschungsprogramm Wald und Klimawandel, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Email: [email protected] Dr. Helmut Grotehusmann, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Waldgenressourcen, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Prof.-Oelkers-Str. 6, 34346 Hann. Münden, Email: [email protected] Udo Häger, Mitarbeiter Forstliches Forschungs- und Kompetenzzentrum, Referat 3, THÜRINGENFORST, Jägerstraße 1, 99867 Gotha, Email: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Sebastian Hein, Professur Waldbau, Hochschule für Forstwirtschaft Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg am Neckar, Email: [email protected] Dr. Steffi Heinrichs, Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin in der Abt. Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Email: [email protected] Dr. Martin Hofmann, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Waldgenressourcen, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Prof.-Oelkers-Str. 6, 34346 Hann. Münden, Email: [email protected] Dr. Hans-Joachim Klemmt, Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Waldbau und Bergwald, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Email: [email protected] Dr. Bertram Leder, Leiter SP Waldbau und Forstvermehrungsgut des Lehr- und Versuchsforstamts Arnsberger Wald, Landesbetrieb Wald und Holz NRW, Obereimer 2a, 59821 Arnsberg, Email: [email protected] Gudula Lermer, Leiterin der Abteilung Waldbau und Bergwald, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Email: [email protected] Barbara Meyer-Münzer, Mitarbeiterin in der Abteilung Waldbau und Bergwald, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Email: [email protected] Andreas Michl, Mitarbeiter in der Stabsstelle Juristische Beratung, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Email: [email protected] IV Dr. Hans-Gerhard Michiels, Mitarbeiter der Abteilung Waldnaturschutz, Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Email: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Dr. Reinhard Mosandl, Leiter des Lehrstuhls für Waldbau, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Email: mosandl@ forst.wzw.tum.de Ralf-Volker Nagel, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Waldwachstum, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, 37079 Göttingen, Email: Ralf- [email protected] Axel Noltensmeier, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Waldwachstum, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, 37079 Göttingen, Email: [email protected] Regina Petersen, Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin in der Abteilung Waldwachstum, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, 37079 Göttingen, Email: [email protected] Stefan Quitt, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Waldwachstum, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, 37079 Göttingen, Email: [email protected] Olaf Schmidt, Präsident der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft (LWF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz- Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Email: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Prof. i.R. in der Abt. Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Email: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Hermann Spellmann, Direktor der Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, 37079 Göttingen,
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