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Technical Manual TM 5-248, Foreign Maps, July 1946 Robert Bolin , Depositor University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected]

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Technical Manual TM 5-248, Foreign Maps, July 1946 Robert Bolin , Depositor University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Rbolin2@Unl.Edu University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Army Technical Manuals U.S. Department of Defense 7-1946 Technical Manual TM 5-248, Foreign Maps, July 1946 Robert Bolin , depositor University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmytechman Bolin, Robert , depositor, "Technical Manual TM 5-248, Foreign Maps, July 1946" (1946). U.S. Army Technical Manuals. 1. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmytechman/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Defense at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. Army Technical Manuals by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Cl WAR 'DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL FOREIGN MAPS TED MATTER._NO TION Of RESTRIC osition to de DISSEMI\NA\y by virtue of his gro or : , motter \\ESll\ClEO. S eh . ft\ed SO e d motter. erson IS en I .on of c\oss\fie ~cio\ duties P possessl hose 0"' know\edge or those individuo\s w \ AR 380-5.\ on\Y to . 'See 0 so is entruste d possession. • h know\edge or require sue WAR DEPARTMENT • JULY 1946 WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL TM 5-248 This manual s'Upc?'sedes TM 5--250 (Tentative), Use of Poreiun Maps, 5 November 1942 FOREIGN MAPS WAR DEPARTMENT J U L Y 194 6 RESTRICTED. DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER.-No person is entitled solely by 'virtue of his grade or position to knowledge or po~session of classified matter. Such matter is entrusted only to those individuals whose official duties require such knowledge or possession. ISee also AR 380-5.1 \fJ I, United States Government P1'inting Office Washington: 1946 ( WAR DEPARTMENT Washington 25, D. C., 1 July 1946 TM 5-248, Foreign Maps, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned. [AG 300.7 (9 Jun 45)] By ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR: OFFICIAL: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER EDWARD F. WITSELL Chief of Staff Major General The Adjutant General DISTRIBUTION: AAF (15); AGF (35); T (200); Dept (5); Base Comd (5); Arm & ( Sv Bd (1) except Eng (5) ; Tech Sv (5) except OCE (75), QMG (35) & CWS (10) ; PE (Engr) (3); except SEPE (50) ; HD (5) ; FC (1); Class III Instls (1) ; Repl Dep (35) ; Dist 0 (5); Br 0 (5) ; Gen & Sp Sv Sch (50) ; ROTC (3); Unit Tng C (50); Repl Tng C (75) except Repl Tng C 7 (250); A (10); CHQ (10); D (6); B (10); R (4); W (6); G (4). Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula. ( (Vi C\ () ! FOREWORD Chang-es to this manual will be supplied on a pag'e basis, and will be published as required. As change pages are received they will be inserted in their proper place, and the replaced pages destroyed. Each changed pag'e of the manual will bear a date of publication and number of the changB in its upper inside corner. Pages are numbered consecutively throughout the book. If new pages are added within the book the added pages will carry alphabetical suffixes "A," "E," "e," etc. For example, if a new page is added between 101 and 102, the page will be numbered lOlA. A second additional page in the same place would be numbered IOIE, etc. iii CONTENTS P(H-'l{JnI/,h I'o.yf CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN MAPS. Sectio'J/ I. CencI'al ...... , ... , ................. , ...... , ......... 1-:) II. Map analysis, ......... " .. " . ............ , . , .... , ... 4-10 1 CHAPTER 2. BRITISH MILITARY MAPS ..........•...................... U.·14 [) CHAPTER 3. FRENCH MILITARY MAPS ............................... 16-18 13 CHAPTER 4. GERMAN MILITARY MAPS ............................... 1H-22 2:) CHAPTER 5. ITALIAN MILITARY MAPS .....•............•............. 2a-25 :17 CHAPTER 6. RUSSIAN MILITARY MAPS .....................•......... 26,~2l) 4G CHAPTER 7. JAPANESE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS .................•....•... ;)0-:14 5:'~ CHAPTER 8. CHINESE MILITARY MAPS ..•.•................•.......... 85·-39 (il CHAPTER 9. MISCELLANEOUS MILITARY MAPS. Secti())1 I. Far East .......... , , ...... '" ....... , ... '" , . ...... .. 40-42 69 II. Western Europe .... , ........................... ',..... 4:~-45 72 III. Central, Europe ................................... , . .. 46-48 74 IV. Scandinavia ............................ :............. 411-51 76 V. Balkans ............................... :.............. 52-57 76 APPENDIX I. REFERENCE DATA.............................................. 80 II. LEGENDS .•..........•.••..•.•......•.••...........•....• '.... 86 INDEX. .•.. .•.•. .•.•.•. .. ...•..... .. .. .••. .. .. .... ..•. .. .. .•.• 8il v The University of Iowa Libranes This manual supersedes TM 5-250 (Tentative), Use of F01'eiun Maps, 5 November 19-42 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN MAPS Section I. GENERAL and orientation, scale, coordinate system, dec­ lination, relief, and conventional signs. I. Purpose and Scope This Technical Manual is written for use as a 5. Evaluation and Orientation reference in reading foreign maps. It describes Evaluat'ion and oTientation of maps provide the military map series of European and Far answers to the questions: "How up-to-date and' East countries, including scales, coordinate how accurate is the map'?" and "What geograph­ systems, and characteristics. Foreign maps are ical area does the map cover"?" The date of rarely directly used in United States military the map, the publishing agency, the way it operations; -however, they are frequently used was made, and the source of its information as a basis for the production of United States indicate the map's accuracy and reliability. maps of foreign areas. Certain items of marginal information may provide a means of orienting a map in its 2. Military Maps approximate geographic position on the face When military maps are classified according of the earth. -to their method of production, the data on a. DATES. (1) Date of sUTvey indicates the which the map is based is considered. Original time the essential data was obtained by actual sur'veys are drawn directly from data obtained ground survey. by actual ground surveys. Compilations are (2) Date of Tevision is the most definite made from existing maps, aerial photographs, evidence of a map's up-to-dateness, if the extent new surveys, reconnaissance, and intelligence of revision is known. Even though land forms reports. Copies are maps reproduced in original change slowly, a map surveyed in the nine­ 'form, usually supplemented by military grids teenth century may not give a true picture and additional marginal information. of the terrain as it now exists. Highly indus­ trialized areas and road classifications are 3. Projections particularly subject to rapid modification. The Map projections are of extreme importance to extent of revision mayor may not be indicated cartographers; military surveyors, artillery­ in the marginal information. men, navigators, and others who compute and (3) Date of compilation indicates when map use various grid tables and trigonometric cal­ data was collected, but does not show whether culations. However, most military personnel or not the information was up-to-date. How­ in the field need not know this complex subject, ever, the date of the sources from which the because it is not necessary in ordinary point­ map is compiled may be helpful. designation methods or for obtaining practical (4) Date of COP1l gives the time a map was terrain intelligence from United States or for­ reproduced in original form and amplified by eign maps. additional data. It does not necessarily indicate that a map is up-to-date. Section II. MAP ANALYSIS (5) Date of publicat'ion is the date most commonly found on maps. It indicates only the 4. Method of Analysis time ~t which a map was made available for To avoid getting lost in the mass of interesting general use. but disorganized detail often found on foreign (6) Date of rep"int refers to the time at maps, it is necessary to analyze them logically. which a set of maps was printed from previ­ In the method of analysis discussed below, the ously used plates. This date does not signify map study is divided into six parts: evaluation that changes were made on the map. 1 b. AGENCY. The type of agency responsible 1 :50,000, and 1 :25,000. These scales permit for preparing a map indicates its accuracy. map distances to be converted quickly and easily Maps published by governmental or military into ground distances. For example, 1 cen­ agencies are generally the most accurate. Some timeter on a map of 1 :100,000 scale represents civilian agencies produce accurate maps, but 1 kilometer on the ground. Similarly, 1 cen­ these are frequently of a general nature and timeter represents 112 kilometer on a 1 :50,000 do not contain the specific detail necessary for map or 1;4 kilometer on a map of 1 :25,000 scale. military purposes. b. Map distances on 1 :253,440 and 1 :63,360 c. COMPOSITION. The composition of a map scales are readily converted into ground dis­ is a key to its reliability. Proper placing of tances in the English system of measurement, place names and symbols,' detail in which a as 1 inch equals 4 miles and) mile, respectively, coastline is represented, careful use of color, on maps of these scales. and other items of draftsmanship indicate the c. Troops operating in foreign countries care used in preparing maps. should know the metric system and be able d. MARGINAL INFORMATION. Marginal infor­ to convert without difficulty from the metric mation -usually orients a map geographically, to the English system, and vice versa. Conver­ besides indicating its up-to-dateness and ac­ sion graphs are printed on the newest editions curacy. Names of sheets adjacent to a map of some Army Map Service series for conven­ may be indicated in the centers of the four ience in changing distances and altitudes from margins of that map, or in a small marginal one system to the other. diagram. The diagram may also include political boundaries. 7. Coordinate System a. Considering coordinate systems used on 6.
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