DOCSLIB.ORG

MEDIEVAL DAMASCUS Arabic Book Culture, Library Culture and Reading Culture Is Significantly Enriched.’ Li Guo, University of Notre Dame and MEDIEVAL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MEDIEVAL DAMASCUS Arabic Book Culture, Library Culture and Reading Culture Is Significantly Enriched.’ Li Guo, University of Notre Dame and MEDIEVAL PLURALITY KONRAD HIRSCHLER ‘This is a tour de force of ferocious codex dissection, relentless bibliographical probing and imaginative reconstructive storytelling. Our knowledge of medieval MEDIEVAL DAMASCUS DAMASCUS MEDIEVAL Arabic book culture, library culture and reading culture is significantly enriched.’ Li Guo, University of Notre Dame AND MEDIEVAL The first documented insight into the content and DIVERSITY structure of a large-scale medieval Arabic library The written text was a pervasive feature of cultural practices in the medieval Middle East. At the heart of book circulation stood libraries that experienced a rapid expansion from the DAMASCUS twelfth century onwards. While the existence of these libraries is well known, our knowledge of their content and structure has been very limited as hardly any medieval Arabic catalogues have been preserved. This book discusses the largest and earliest medieval library of the PLURALITY AND Middle East for which we have documentation – the Ashrafiya library in the very centre of IN AN Damascus – and edits its catalogue. The catalogue shows that even book collections attached to Sunni religious institutions could hold very diverse titles, including Muʿtazilite theology, DIVERSITY IN AN Shiʿite prayers, medical handbooks, manuals for traders, stories from the 1001 Nights and texts extolling wine consumption. ARABIC LIBRARY ARABIC LIBRARY Listing over two thousand books the Ashrafiya catalogue is essential reading for anybody interested in the cultural and intellectual history of Arabic societies. Setting it into a comparative perspective with contemporaneous libraries on the British Isles opens new perspectives for the study of medieval libraries. THE ASHRAFIYA LIBRARY CATALOGUE Key Features • Includes an annotated translation of the Ashrafiya catalogue and full-colour facsimile reproduction of the catalogue’s unique manuscript • Seeing which books were held in the library give insights into text circulation and medieval ‘bestsellers’ • The publication of the catalogue provides the first documentary material for comparative research with libraries in other world regions • The organisation of the catalogue contributes to the discussion on how practitioners created systems and hierarchies of scholarly fields of knowledge HIRSCHLER KONRAD HIRSCHLER is Professor of Middle Eastern History at SOAS, University of London. KONRAD He is the author of The Written Word in the Medieval Arabic Lands (Edinburgh University Press, 2012) and Medieval Arabic Historiography: Authors as Actors (2006) as well as co-editor of Manuscript Notes as a Documentary Source (2011). ISBN 978-1-4744-0877-6 www.euppublishing.com Cover image: Library from al-Harīrī, Maqāmāt, 654/1256 © The British Library Board, or. 1200, fol. 6b Cover design: www.paulsmithdesign.com EDINBURGH STUDIES IN CLASSICAL ISLAMIC HISTORY AND CULTURE Medieval Damascus Plurality and Diversity in an Arabic Library The Ashrafıˉya Library Catalogue Konrad Hirschler HIRSCHLER 9781474408776 PRINT (M3798) (G).indd 3 07/01/2016 15:52 Hevin’e ve Hüseyin’e Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: www.edinburghuniversitypress.com © Konrad Hirschler, 2016 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road 12 (2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ www.edinburghuniversitypress.com Typeset in 11/15 Adobe Garamond by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 0877 6 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 0878 3 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 0879 0 (epub) The right of Konrad Hirschler to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498) Published with the support of the Edinburgh University Scholarly Publishing Initiatives Fund. HIRSCHLER 9781474408776 PRINT (M3798) (G).indd 4 07/01/2016 15:52 Contents List of Illustrations vi Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 1 The Making and Unmaking of a Medieval Library 17 2 Organising the Library: The Books on the Shelves 60 3 Plurality and Diversity: The Profile of a Medieval Library 102 4 The Ashrafīya Catalogue: Translation and Title Identification 133 5 The Ashrafīya Catalogue: Edition 441 Bibliography 467 Index of Subjects 491 Index of Titles 496 Index of Authors 509 Index of External Categories 522 v HIRSCHLER 9781474408776 PRINT (M3798) (G).indd 5 07/01/2016 15:52 Illustrations Tables 1.1 Ashrafīya mausoleum, shaykhs of Koran recitation 23 2.1 Ashrafīya library, thematic categories, normal- sized books 72 2.2 Ashrafīya library, catalogue’s thematic categories, small- sized books 77 3.1 Ashrafīya library, external thematic categories 106 3.2 Ashrafīya library, works in multiple copies according to thematic categories 108 3.3 Ashrafīya library, most popular titles by multiple copies 109 3.4 Ashrafīya library, most popular authors by entries 113 3.5 Thematic categories in selected medieval British libraries 116 Maps 1.1 Ayyubid buildings in Damascus 18 1.2 Kallāsa quarter north of Umayyad Mosque 20 Figures 2.1 Ashrafīya catalogue, lines per page 62 3.1 Ashrafīya library, chronological distribution of dateable works by hijrī century 111 HIRSCHLER 9781474408776 PRINT (M3798) (G).indd 6 07/01/2016 15:52 illustrations | vii Plates Situated between pages XXX and YYY 1 Tomb of al- Malik al- Ashraf 2 Library from al- Óarīrī, Maqāmāt, 634/1237 3 Library from al-Ó arīrī, Maqāmāt, first half 7th/13th century 4 Library from al-Ó arīrī, Maqāmāt, 654/1256? 5 Library from al-Ó arīrī, Maqāmāt, second half 7th/13th century, Damascus 6 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 246a 7 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 246b 8 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 247a 9 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 247b 10 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 248a 11 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 248b 12 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 249a 13 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 249b 14 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 250a 15 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 250b 16 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 251a 17 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 251b 18 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 252a 19 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 252b 20 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 253a 21 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 253b 22 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 254a 23 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 254b 24 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 255a 25 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 255b 26 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 256a 27 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 256b 28 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 257a 29 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 257b 30 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 258a HIRSCHLER 9781474408776 PRINT (M3798) (G).indd 7 07/01/2016 15:52 viii | medieval damascus 31 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 258b 32 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 259a 33 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 259b 34 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 260a 35 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 260b 36 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 261a 37 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 261b 38 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 262a 39 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 262b 40 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 263a 41 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 263b 42 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 264a 43 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 264b 44 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 265a 45 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 265b 46 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 266a 47 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 266b 48 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 267a 49 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 267b 50 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 268a 51 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 268b 52 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 269a 53 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 269b 54 Ashrafīya catalogue (670s/1270s), fol. 270a HIRSCHLER 9781474408776 PRINT (M3798) (G).indd 8 07/01/2016 15:52 Acknowledgements esearching and writing this book relied on so many informal academic R exchanges that it did indeed take a village to complete it. Editing a medi- eval manuscript catalogue with titles across the full range of human knowl- edge inevitably becomes a series of short- term collaborations as its author tiptoes cautiously through unfamiliar landscapes of numerous disciplines and fields. I can only express my heartfelt gratitude to all those colleagues who have responded to my obscure queries linked to an even more obscure pro- ject. In the course of Chapter 4 I have acknowledged the help of individuals in identifying specific titles, but it is not unfair to single out one colleague who shared his time and expertise with a generosity that went well beyond what one could reasonably expect: Geert Jan van Gelder (the University of Oxford). From when I presented the first tentative ideas on this project he stayed closely involved and not only advised on anything to do with poetry, but also read drafts of this lengthy chapter. At SOAS Doris Behrens-Abouseif has always kept a close interest
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Evolution of Hospitals from Antiquity to the Renaissance
    Acta Theologica Supplementum 7 2005 THE EVOLUTION OF HOSPITALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE RENAISSANCE ABSTRACT There is some evidence that a kind of hospital already existed towards the end of the 2nd millennium BC in ancient Mesopotamia. In India the monastic system created by the Buddhist religion led to institutionalised health care facilities as early as the 5th century BC, and with the spread of Buddhism to the east, nursing facilities, the nature and function of which are not known to us, also appeared in Sri Lanka, China and South East Asia. One would expect to find the origin of the hospital in the modern sense of the word in Greece, the birthplace of rational medicine in the 4th century BC, but the Hippocratic doctors paid house-calls, and the temples of Asclepius were vi- sited for incubation sleep and magico-religious treatment. In Roman times the military and slave hospitals were built for a specialised group and not for the public, and were therefore not precursors of the modern hospital. It is to the Christians that one must turn for the origin of the modern hospital. Hospices, originally called xenodochia, ini- tially built to shelter pilgrims and messengers between various bishops, were under Christian control developed into hospitals in the modern sense of the word. In Rome itself, the first hospital was built in the 4th century AD by a wealthy penitent widow, Fabiola. In the early Middle Ages (6th to 10th century), under the influence of the Be- nedictine Order, an infirmary became an established part of every monastery.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Heritage and Pilgrimage Walks
    Medieval Heritage and Pilgrimage Walks Cleveland Way Trail: walk the 3 miles from Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire to Helmsley Castle and tread in the footsteps of medieval Pilgrims along what’s now part of the Cleveland Way Trail. Camino de Santiago/Way of St James, Spain: along with trips to the Holy Land and Rome, this is the most famous medieval pilgrimage trail of all, and the most well-travelled in medieval times, at least until the advent of Black Death. Its destination point is the spot St James is said to have been buried, in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Today Santiago is one of UNESCO’s World Heritage sites. Read more . the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela holds a Pilgrims’ Mass every day at noon. Walk as much or as little of it as you like. Follow the famous scallop shell symbols. A popular starting point, both today and in the Middle Ages, is either Le Puy in the Massif Central, France OR the famous medieval Abbey at Cluny, near Paris. The Spanish start is from the Pyrenees, on to Roncevalles or Jaca. These routes also take in the Via Regia and/or the Camino Frances. The Portuguese way is also popular: from the Cathedrals in either Lisbon or Porto and then crossing into Falicia/Valenca. At the end of the walk you receive a stamped certifi cate, the Compostela. To achieve this you must have walked at least 100km or cycled for 200. To walk the entire route may take months. Read more . The route has inspired many TV and fi lm productions, such as Simon Reeve’s BBC2 ‘Pilgrimage’ series (2013) and The Way (2010), written and directed by Emilio Estevez, about a father completing the pilgrimage in memory of his son who died along the Way of St James.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing the Seventh Century
    COLLÈGE DE FRANCE – CNRS CENTRE DE RECHERCHE D’HISTOIRE ET CIVILISATION DE BYZANCE TRAVAUX ET MÉMOIRES 17 constructing the seventh century edited by Constantin Zuckerman Ouvrage publié avec le concours de la fondation Ebersolt du Collège de France et de l’université Paris-Sorbonne Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance 52, rue du Cardinal-Lemoine – 75005 Paris 2013 PREFACE by Constantin Zuckerman The title of this volume could be misleading. “Constructing the 7th century” by no means implies an intellectual construction. It should rather recall the image of a construction site with its scaffolding and piles of bricks, and with its plentiful uncovered pits. As on the building site of a medieval cathedral, every worker lays his pavement or polishes up his column knowing that one day a majestic edifice will rise and that it will be as accomplished and solid as is the least element of its structure. The reader can imagine the edifice as he reads through the articles collected under this cover, but in this age when syntheses abound it was not the editor’s aim to develop another one. The contributions to the volume are regrouped in five sections, some more united than the others. The first section is the most tightly knit presenting the results of a collaborative project coordinated by Vincent Déroche. It explores the different versions of a “many shaped” polemical treatise (Dialogica polymorpha antiiudaica) preserved—and edited here—in Greek and Slavonic. Anti-Jewish polemics flourished in the seventh century for a reason. In the centuries-long debate opposing the “New” and the “Old” Israel, the latter’s rejection by God was grounded in an irrefutable empirical proof: God had expelled the “Old” Israel from its promised land and given it to the “New.” In the first half of the seventh century, however, this reasoning was shattered, first by the Persian conquest of the Holy Land, which could be viewed as a passing trial, and then by the Arab conquest, which appeared to last.
    [Show full text]
  • How Could Phenological Records from the Chinese Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties
    https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-122 Preprint. Discussion started: 28 September 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. How could phenological records from the Chinese poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties (618-1260 AD) be reliable evidence of past climate changes? Yachen Liu1, Xiuqi Fang2, Junhu Dai3, Huanjiong Wang3, Zexing Tao3 5 1School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an, 710065, China 2Faculty of Geographical Science, Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China 3Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China 10 Correspondence to: Zexing Tao ([email protected]) Abstract. Phenological records in historical documents have been proved to be of unique value for reconstructing past climate changes. As a literary genre, poetry reached its peak period in the Tang and Song Dynasties (618-1260 AD) in China, which could provide abundant phenological records in this period when lacking phenological observations. However, the reliability of phenological records from 15 poems as well as their processing methods remains to be comprehensively summarized and discussed. In this paper, after introducing the certainties and uncertainties of phenological information in poems, the key processing steps and methods for deriving phenological records from poems and using them in past climate change studies were discussed:
    [Show full text]
  • Shrines and Sovereigns: Life, Death, and Religion in Rural Azerbaijan
    Comparative Studies in Society and History 2011;53(3):654–681. 0010-4175/11 $15.00 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2011 doi:10.1017/S0010417511000284 Shrines and Sovereigns: Life, Death, and Religion in Rural Azerbaijan BRUCE GRANT New York University Shrines fill the Eurasian land mass. They can be found from Turkey in the west to China in the east, from the Arctic Circle in the north to Afghanistan in the south. Between town and country, they can consist of full-scale architectural complexes, or they may compose no more than an open field, a pile of stones, a tree, or a small mausoleum. They have been at the centers and periph- eries of almost every major religious tradition of the region: Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Yet in the formerly socialist world, these places of pilgrimage have something even more in common: they were often cast as the last bastions of religious observance when churches, mosques, temples, and synagogues were sent crashing to the ground in rapid succession across the twentieth century. In this essay I draw attention to a number of such shrines in the south Cau- casus republic of Azerbaijan. My goal is not to celebrate these settings for their promotion of an alternative route to religiosity under communist rule, as many have done before me, but rather to consider the ways in which the very popular attachments to shrines over so many centuries offer a window onto the plas- ticity and porosity of political, religious, and social boundaries in a world area that otherwise became better known over the twentieth century for its leaders of steel, curtains of iron, and seemingly immobilized citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
    DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms………….
    [Show full text]
  • List of Societies Not Audited for Last 3 Years Or More/Annual Return
    List of Societies Whose Audit has not been conducted since last 3 or more years/Annual Return Sr. No. Reg. No. Soc. Name Soc. Address Zone Status 1 1232S-GH NAV NIKETAN CGHS LTD B-83, AMAR COLONY, LAJPAT NAGAR, NEW DELHI : 110 024 South ACTIVE 2 1451ND-GH PREETI PRISHAD CGHS LTD. DB-84E, DDA FLATS, HARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI: 110 063 New Delhi ACTIVE 3 875E-GH NAV TARANG COOP. G/H SOCIETY LTD H-26, OLD GOBIND PURA EXT.,DELHI-51 East ACTIVE 4 724-INDL THE JAIN H/L COOP. INDL. (P) SOCIETY LTD. F413 GALI NO. 11, BHAGIRATH VIHAR, DELHI-94 North East ACTIVE THE BAKARWALA COOP. BRICKS KILN (I) 5 24W-INDL SOCIETY LTD. SURERE, NAJAFGARH, N. DELHI-43 West ACTIVE LIQUIDATE 6 24W-NMPS THE BAKARWALA COOP. M/P SOCIETY LTD. West D THE PANDWAL KHOODS COOP N.M.P SOCIETY South LIQUIDATE 7 32-NMPS LTD V.P.O PANDWAL KHOODS, NEW DELHI West D 8 505S-TC The Sikh Coop. Thrift & Credit Society Ltd. 61, Hemkunt Colony, New Delhi- South ACTIVE South 9 124-NMPS THE PALAM COOP N.M.P SOCIETY LTD V&PO, PALAM , NEW DELHI West ACTIVE 211NW- North 10 NMPS BAKAOLI COOL M/P SOCIETY LTD VILLAGE BAKAOLI, DELHI West DEFUNCT NON- 216NE- FUNCTION 11 NMPS THE BABARPUR M/P COOP. SOCIETY LTD. VILLAGE BABARPUR, SHAHDARA, DELHI-32 North East AL Chiragh Delhi Palti Yadram Coop. Thrift & Credit 12 230S-TC Sociey Ltd. 830 Chiragh Delhi,New Delhi-17 South ACTIVE 138NW- North 13 NMPS BUKHTAWAR PUR COOP.
    [Show full text]
  • International Congress of Mathematicians, Beijing, August 20-28, 2002, Volume 49, Number 3
    International Congress of Mathematicians Beijing, China August 20–28, 2002 Second Announcement The Organizing Committee is pleased to invite you to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing, August 20–28, 2002. Mr. Jiang Zemin, the President of the People’s Republic of China, has personally expressed a most cordial welcome to all participants. The Congress will be held under the auspices of the International Mathematical Union and under the sponsorship of the Chinese Mathematical Society (CMS), the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. This announcement describes the Congress and gives related information. It explains how to register and how to submit a short communication or a poster representation. It also contains the necessary forms for securing accommodation during the Congress. Contents A. Location of the Congress 381 A.1Venue................................................381 A.2TheCongress............................................382 A.3Deadlines..............................................382 B. Scientific Program 382 B.1OpeningandClosingCeremonies.................................383 B.2PlenaryLectures..........................................383 B.3InvitedLectures..........................................383 B.4ShortCommunicationsandPosters................................384 B.5OrganizedSessions.........................................385 B.6InformalSeminars.........................................385
    [Show full text]
  • Your Reputation Deserves Typar Landscape Fabric
    YOUR REPUTATION DESERVES TYPAR LANDSCAPE FABRIC. Your reputation can be jeopardized by little to block weeds under decks and in planters, to prevent things. Like weeds. heaving of bricks in patios and walkways, and to mini- Fight back with Typar landscape Fabric, the key to mize erosion. maintenance-free landscaping for your clients. Ask for Typar landscape Fabric for Professionals. Typar is made from rugged polypropylene fabric. It You deserve it. blocks weeds, but is porous enough to let water, air and fertilizer pass through. The result? Healthier soil and plants. Typar leaves all your landscaping projects—and your reputation—looking beautiful longer. There are plenty of other professional uses for Typar: o member of The InterTech Group FOR PROFESSIONALS The Ryan Touch. RYAN Quality equipment for lets you do the job as effectively tings and routine maintenance. So, outstanding results. with less maintenance for as many you'll reduce your downtime while Combine your turf care exper- years as the new Greensaire 24. saving service time between the tise with Ryan turf care equipment, Only with its crank and cam action greens — getting golfers back on and it's a little like working magic do tines go vertically in and out to the course quickly. on your course. Our complete line virtually eliminate side compaction comes with a long history of low- and a ridge around each hole. The Ryan tackles the big jobs, too. maintenance and high performance. result is a smoother putting surface The Ryan Renovaire® is the In fact, the only one who works and better root development.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Analysis of 7Th- to 9Th-Century Pottery from Lundenwic
    London in the Not-so-Dark Ages Lyn Blackmore Londinium Lundenwic 5th century urn: St Martin-in-the- Fields London Early and Middle Saxon London - coming out of the Dark Ages? 1. Background - Rural settlement c AD 400-650 - City and Lundenwic, early finds 2. The development of Lundenwic - Roman to Saxon London - Burials - Growth and organisation of Lundenwic - Trade and industry - Decline 3. Summing up Late 4th-/5th-century finds Roman riverside wall strengthened AD 388-402 St Bride’s Billingsgate bathhouse Museum of London B538 (M) Eastern cemetery Silver ingot found Western near Tower of London cemetery Early Saxon rural settlement and cemeteries Fish trap , Early Saxon finds St John Clerkenwell Roman western cemetery St Bride’s Billingsgate bathhouse St Martin-in- the-Fields Glass cone beaker and pottery pedestal beaker from the Mitcham cemetery (Clark 1989) 5th- to 6th-century pottery Chaff- and sandstone-tempered wares Emerging kingdoms, changing faith • AD 597 Augustinian mission • AD 604 St Paul’s founded • AD 616-653 East Saxon reversion to paganism • AD 653 Christianity re-established Britain c AD 600 City, near St Paul’s? Saxon finds from outside the City (pre-1983) 7th-century palm cup, The Garrick St Martin-in-the-Fields, Street ring, late found 1722 in a 7th-/early 8th- The Fetter Lane sword sarcophagus burial century pommel, 8th-century © British Museum © British Museum © British Museum Early excavations in Westminster The Savoy, Strand, 1930s From Clark 1989 The Treasury, 1960s Arundel House, Strand, 1970s Lundenwic as understood 1984 From The London Archaeologist From Popular Archaeology Middle Saxon London, as understood c 1990 Vince 1990 Map from Clark 1989 2003 2012 2004 2013 Lundenwic ‘discovered’ 1984 First excavation at Jubilee Hall, 1985 Royal Opera House Since then over 80 excavations and watching briefs carried out Early and Middle Saxon London - coming out of the Dark Ages? 1.
    [Show full text]
  • TOMBS and FOOTPRINTS: ISLAMIC SHRINES and PILGRIMAGES IN^IRAN and AFGHANISTAN Wvo't)&^F4
    TOMBS AND FOOTPRINTS: ISLAMIC SHRINES AND PILGRIMAGES IN^IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN WvO'T)&^f4 Hugh Beattie Thesis presented for the degree of M. Phil at the University of London School of Oriental and African Studies 1983 ProQuest Number: 10672952 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672952 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 abstract:- The thesis examines the characteristic features of Islamic shrines and pilgrimages in Iran and Afghan­ istan, in doing so illustrating one aspect of the immense diversity of belief and practice to be found in the Islamic world. The origins of the shrine cults are outlined, the similarities between traditional Muslim and Christian attitudes to shrines are emphasized and the functions of the shrine and the mosque are contrasted. Iranian and Afghan shrines are classified, firstly in terms of the objects which form their principal attrac­ tions and the saints associated with them, and secondly in terms of the distances over which they attract pilgrims. The administration and endowments of shrines are described and the relationship between shrines and secular authorities analysed.
    [Show full text]