1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8371 policy of the present administration, particu· purposes, not in passive acquiescence but Delaware [Mr. HuGHEs], the Senator larly against changing the Neutrality Act; to in high resolve, sound judgment, and from New York [Mr. MEAD], the Senator the Committee on Foreign Affairs. bold initiative. fr9m North Carolina [Mr. REYNOLDS], 1986. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Workman's Sick and Death Benefit Fund of Admit us, dear Lord, to Thy council- the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. the United States of America, Branch No. 168, chamber; then do Thou send us forth, RosiER], the Senator from South Caro­ Woodhaven, Long Island, N. Y., urging the ·that we may assuage the sorrows of our lina [Mr. SMITH], the Senator from passage of House bill 1410; to the Committee fellow men and bring them under both Arkansas [Mr. SPENCER], and the Sen­ on Ways and Means. the staff and sceptre of Thy Love. ator from Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS] are 1987. Also, petition of the Board of Super· We ask it in the name of Him who is necessarily absent. visors of Iron County, Mich., urging the pas­ our Shepherd and our King, Jesus Christ, Mr. AUSTIN. The following Senators sage of House bill 1036; to the Committee Thy Son, our Lord. Amen. on Ways and Means. are necessarily absent: 1988. Also, petition of the city of Chicago, THE JOURNAL The Senator from Maine [Mr. BREW .. office of the city clerk, Chicago, Ill., petition­ On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by STER], the Senator from Ohio [Mr. BuR­ ing consideration of their resolution with ref• TON], the Senator from Massachusetts erence to permission to construct a modern unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ [Mr. LoDGE], the Senator from Kansas vehicular highway along the channel of the [Mr. REED], and the Senator from In­ Illinois and Michigan Canal; to the Commit­ dar day Thursday, October 30, 1941, tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. was dispensed with, and the Journal was diana [Mr. WILLIS]. 1989. Also, petition of the Municipal Coun­ approved. The VICE PRESIDENT. Seventy­ cil, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, United States six Senators have answered to their of America, petitioning consideration of their MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT­ names. There is a quorum present. resolution with reference to their bill No. 58, APPROVAL OF BILLS PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS dated October 20, 1941, relative to the Sugar A message from the President of the Act of 1937; to the Committee on Agriculture. United States was communicated to the Petitions, etc., were laid before the 1990. Also, petition of the General Welfare Senate and referred as indicated: Center, No. 316, Irwin, Pa., petitioning con· Senate Jay Mr. Miller, one of his secre­ sideration of their resolution with reference taries, who announced that on October By the VICE PRESIDENT: to the General Welfare Act; to the Commit­ 30, 1941, the President had approved and A resolution of the City Council of Chi· tee on Ways and Means. signed the following acts: cago, Ill., requesting congressional authority 1991. Also, petition of the Massachusetts to construct a modern vehicular highway S. 1701. An act to provide for pay and al· along the Illinois and Michigan Canal; to the State Convention, General Welfare Federa· lowances and mileage or transportation tor tion, Worcester, Mass., petitioning considera· Committee on Commerce. certain officers and enlisted men of the Naval A letter In the nature of a petition from tion of their resolution with reference to the Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve and re· General Welfare Act; to the Committee on Ruth Zimmerman, of Bridgewater, Va., pray­ tired officers and enlisted men of the Navy ing that the United States keep out of war; Ways and Means. and Marine Corps; and 1992. Also, petition of the Massachusetts to the Committee on Foreign Relations. S. 1772. An act to authorize Army of&cers A resolution of Municipal Employees• Advisory Council, General Welfare Federa· designated by the Secretary of War to take tion, Boston, Mass., petitioning consideration Union, No. 205, of Fresno, Calif., favoring final action on reports of survey and vouchers the granting of priorities to all United States of their resolution with reference to the Gen· pertaining to the loss, damage, spoilage, un· eral .Welfare Act; to the Committee on Ways Housing Authority aided projects in conform· serviceability, unsuitability, or destruction ity with the housing needs of the commu­ and Means. of Government property. 1993. Also, petition of the Clark County nity in which they are located; to the Com• CALL OF THE ROLL mittee on Military Affairs. Old Age Pension Society, Springfield, Ohio, A memorial of several members of the Sen• petitioning consideration of their resolution Mr. HILL. I suggest the absence of a ate of the Territory of Hawaii, remonstrating with reference to the General Welfare Act; quorum. against the adoption by the Senate of Hawail to the Committee on Ways and Means. of Senate Resolution No. 21, opposing the 19911. Also, petition of Joseph P. Wil­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. appointment of Judge Louis Le Baron to the son, Columbia, county of Richland, S. C., Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii; petitioning consideration of his file relative The Chief Clerk called the roll, and to the Committee on the Judiciary. to willful and contemptuous violation of Fed· the following Senators answered to their eral grants of patents, copyrights, and trade· names: A resolution of the Senate of the Territory mark grants; to the Committee on the Adams George Nye of Hawaii; to the Committee on the Judi· Judiciary. Aiken Gerry O'Daniel ciary: Andrews Gillette O'Mahoney "Senate Resolution 21 Austin Glass Overton "Whereas there is a vacancy in the Supreme Bailey Green Peace Ball Guffey Pepper Court of the Territory of Hawaii; and Bankhead Gurney Radcliffe "Whereas it has been reported in the press SENATE Barbour Hatch Russell that such vacancy will shortly be filled by Barkley Hill Schwartz the appointment of Judge Louis LeBaron, of FRIDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1941 Bilbo Holman Shipstead the first circuit court; and Bridges Johnson, Calif. Smathers "Whereas the. members of the supreme (Legislative day of Monday, October 27, Brooks Johnson, Colo. Stewart 1941) Brown Kilgore . Taft court have been men of high caliber and Bunker La Follette Thc,mas, Idaho attainments and learned in the law· and Butler Langer Thomas, Okla. "Whe:r:eas it is to the best interest~ of the The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, Byrd Lee Thomas, utah TerritorY. of Hawaii that such appointment on the expiration of the recess. Capper Lucas Truman be not made, as such appointment would The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney T. Phil­ Caraway McCarran Tunnell tend to lower the tone and quality of such Chavez McFarland Vandenberg court: Now, therefore, be it lips, D. D., offered the following prayer: Clark, Idaho McKellar VanNuys Clark, Mo. McNary Wallgren "Resolved by the Senate of the Territory of 0, Thou, who art the Shepherd of our Connally Maloney Walsh Hawaii, special session of 1941, That the souls, whose Shepherd's name is Love, as Danaher Murdock Wheeler members of this senate hereby oppose the love becomes the tenderest thing in all Davis Murray White appointment of Judge Louis LeBaron to the the world; 0, Thou, who art the King of Doxey Norris · Wiley Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii; thought and will, whose Kingly name is Ellender and be it further . Love · also, as love becomes the strongest Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sen­ "Resolved, That a certified copy of this thing in all the world: Help us to realize ator from Washington [Mr. BONE] and resolution be transmitted to the President [Mr. of the United States, to the Attorney General this dual aspect of Thy love, for now it the Senator from New York WAG­ of the United States, to the President of shelters and protects, again it thrusts us NER] are absent from the Senate because the Senate of the Congress of the United forth; now it humbles to the dust, again of illness. States, and to the Delegate to Congress from exalts beyond the stars, for -in it all the The Senator from California [Mr. Hawaii." loveliness and majesty of souls are hid DowNEY l is detained on important pub­ TELEGRAM FROM CITIZENS OF ARIZONA and it hath ever been · the lord of life lic business. URGING REPEAL OF NEUTRALITY ACT and death. The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. As we have known the tender shep­ BuLow], the Senator from Kentucky Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I herding of Christ, teach us this day to [Mr. CHANDLER], the Senator from Ari­ present a telegram signed by 500 citizens yield our wills to His moulding hand, zona [Mr. HAYDEN], the Senator from of the State of Arizona. I ask that the that we may cooperate with His divine Iowa [Mr. HERRING], the Senator from telegram may_lie on the table, and that 8372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 the body thereof be printed in the RECORD This bill has been worked out by an in­ ·Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I de­ without all the signatures attached. terdepartmental group appointed by the sire to call especial attention to the por­ There being no objection, the telegram Secretary of War. I ask that the bill be tions of Mr. Scharff's letter and Dr. El­ was ordered to lie on the table, and the referred to the Committee on Military lett's letter which deal with the present tody thereof was ordered to be printed in Affairs. , labor situation. As I believe every Sen­ the RECORD, as follows: There being no objection, the bill ator knows, I have uniformly supported PHOENzX, ARIZ., October 30, 1941. (S. 2025) to readjust the pay and allow­ the cause of labor ever since I have been Senator ERNEST v·. McFARLAND, . ances of personnel of the Army, Navy, in public life, not only ever since I have Washington, D. C.: Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Coast and been in this body, but during all of my We, the undersigned citizens of the State of Geodetic Survey, and Public Health Serv­ service in the other body as well. During Arizona, urge you, as an elected representa­ ice, was read twice hy its title and re­ all that time I have felt that the labor­ tive of us, to work for the repeal of the Neu­ ferred to the Committee on Military ing man did not receive a fair show at the trality Act. We believe that this repeal is Affairs. hands of the Government, and I have necessary if America's all-out effort to aid the done all I could to ameliorate the condi­ allies of democracy is to be unhampered by ADDRESS BY SENATOR GEORGE BEFORE COTTON TEXTILE INSTITUTE tion of the laboring man and to try to the strangling provisions of the present act. help_him in his honest striving for bet­ Mrs. E. PAUL. [Mr. BARKLEY asked and obtained leave Miss HAZEL McBRIDE. to have printed in the RECORD an address de­ ter working conditions, better pay, and BETH B. ESKIN. livered by Senator GEORGE before the Cotton for a better life generally. I have ad­ (And sundry other citizens of Arizona). Textile Institute, at New York City, October mired his efforts to attain higher, nobler, 30, 1941, which appears in the Appendix.) and better things, My whole record in RESOLUTION OF COMMON COUNCIL OF RACINE, WIS. ARTICLE ON HON. LINDSAY C. WARREN the Congress shows the truth of this BY W. B. RAGSDALE statement. I have also upheld the labor­ Mr. WILEY presented a resolution of [Mr. BYRD asked and obtained leave to ing man's right to strike in dealing with the Common Council of. the city of Ra...: have printed in the RECORD an article on Han. his employer, at all times and under all cine, Wis., which was referred to the Lindsay C. Warren, Comptroller General of circumstances. I think the exercise of Committee on Military Affairs and or­ the United States, written by W. B. Ragsdale this right has had a powerful effect upon dered to be printed in the RECORD, as and published in the Washington Post, which the workingman's obtaining his present follows: appears in the Appendix.] splendid place in the economy of our Whereas many p ... ople in Racine will soon be ~TICLE ON JOHN L. LEWIS BY ARTHUR country. out of work due to the lack of defense orders KROCK But, Mr. President, I have never be­ and the curtailment of civilian production; [Mr. BYRD asked and obtained leave to lieved and do not now believe that any and have printed in the RECORD an article by person, organized and associated with his Whereas this locality has been surveyed by Arthur Krock published in the New York fellows in associations, unions, trades, Office of Production Management and certi­ Times of October 31, 1941, entitled "Why fied as a distress area, and a remedial pro­ professions, or what-not, has a right to Hard Names Are Not Disturbing Mr. Lewis," strike against his government. EspeciaUy gram worked out which gives Racine manu­ which app_ears in the Appendix.] facturers a 15-percent preference over other I do not believe that anyone has a right concerns bidding on national-defense orders: AR~ICLE BY RAYMOND CLAPPER ON to strike in times of great emergency .and Therefore be it NEED OF SHIPPING FOR DEFENSE danger, such as the present time; and Resolved, That the Common Counc.11 of the MATERIALS I believe that our workers are doing city of Racine recommends a united campaign (Mr. THOMAS of Utah asked and obtained themselves the greatest possible injury in by all social, business, and labor organizations leave to·have printed in the RECORD an arti­ striking in plants making Government to meet this situation; and further cle entitled "Vital Point Overlooked," written materials for defense. Resolved, That the mayor is he;eby author­ by Raymond Clapper and published in the The President of the United States has ized to appoint a committee consi::;tlng of five Washington Daily News of October 31, 1941, members of the common council; that the which appears in the Appendix.] declared that an emergency now exists. Racine Manufacturers Association be re­ In that emergency every patriotic man quested to appoint a committee of five repre­ OUR SOCIALIST REVOLUTION-EDITORIAL and every patriotic woman should stand sentatives; that the Nmth Side. State Street, FROM NEW YORK JOURNAL-AMERICAN with his or her government, whether such ·Downtown; Uptown, West Rac.ina, Taylor [Mr. HOLMAN asked and obtained leave to :person is in the -Senate, in the House of Avenue, and Sixteenth Street businessmen's have printed in the REcoRD an editorial en­ Representatives, in the Cabinet, in offi­ organizations be requested to appoint one titled "Our Socialist Revolution," published cial State positions, in labor unions, or represen+.ative; and that said committee and in the New York Journal-American of Oc­ representatives, together with the defense tober 28, 1941, which appears in the Appen­ in any other organization or out of any committees of the Racine Trades and Labor dix.] other organization. There should be no Council and the Pnited Auto Workers Dis­ striking against the defense plans of this trict Council 8 work together as a combined WORDS ARE NO DEEDS-EDITORIAL FROM Nation. committee to evolve ways and mL'ans or coping NEW ORLEANS TIMES-PICAYUNE Like Mr. Scharff, I do not know what with this situation; further [Mr. ELLENDER asked and obtained leave the end will be,·but I know what the duty Resolved, That a meeting of this city-wide to have printed in the RECORD an editorial of all patriotic American citizens is, and defense committee be called by the mayor not from the New Orleans Times-Picayune of later than November 5, 1941; further October 29, 1941, entitled "Words Are No · that is to stand by the defense of our Resolved, That certified c.:,pies of this res­ Deeds," which appears in the Appendix.] country. There is no other country in olution be sent to the Office of Production the world like ours. There is no other Management, the above-named c-rganizations, EDITORIAL FROM MARINETTE EAGLE- country in the world that respects and Senators Wiley and La Follette and Repre­ STAR ON JOB INSURANCE defends human rights and human free­ sentative Lawrence Smith, and Governor Heil [Mr. WILEY asked and obtained leave to dom as does our country. requesting their cooperation. · have printed in the RECORD an editorial on These strikes in defense plants should job insurance, published in the JY.:arinette BILL INTRODUCED (Wis.) Eagle-Star of October 21, 1941, which cease. Some other, better and more Mr. MURDOCK (by request) intro­ appears in the Appendix.] peaceful method should be found and adopted to settle differences, but defense duced a bill (S. 2024)' to authorize the STRIKES IN DEFENSE INPUSTRIES incorporated city of Ketchikan, Alaska, work must go on, and without let or to undertake certain public works and Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I ask hindrance or strike. for such purpose to issue bonds in a· sum unanimous consent to place in the I want to impress upon my friends who not exceeding $250,000, which was read RECORD, at the close of a very brief state­ labor with their hands that they are now twice by its title and referred to the Com­ ment, in the order of the respective dates, receiving the highest pay, under the most mittee on Territories and Insular Affairs. a short correspondence between most favorable working conditions, of any peo­ highly respected constituents of mine in ple in like situation in all the world­ PAY ADJUSTMENT OF MILITARY AND Memphis, Tenn., and myself, including perhaps two or three times higher. I NAVAL SERVICES an editorial from the Memphis Commer­ also want to impress upon them that Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I ask con­ cial Appeal. however possibly unfair some individual sent to introduce a bill to readJust the The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ situations are, they must not forget that pay and allowances of all of the military jection, it is so ordered. our -unfairest ·laboring conditions are and naval services of the. United States. some 10 to 100 times better than labor• 1941 .qONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8373

ing conditions here would be if .Hitler the consequent burdening :Obligation Cln den~ thte equipment because 'their fellow should wln this fight. tbo.se to wbom we are responsible~ · American workmen refuse to work more than Mr. and · l: sincerely trust that you give this matter 4-0 bours per wook, and for less wage· for that President, the laboring men your earnest consideration and wlU be .most length of time than would be necessary to women in Germany a.nd liitlel'-eontl'()lJed interested in having your views in the prem­ pay the6e 'Same boys' board and tuition at countrieS in Europe aTe slaves. He makes ises. school for half a year? I know Qf one :family tbem work such hours as he pleases and With upression of 'h1ghest personal .regards, whose !ather is a agionnaire, wearing many for such wages as he fixes. In my judg­ I .am, decorati-ons., "WhOSe Qldest boy has been 1n­ ment, the danger of Hitler.ism in this dUcted into ·service, taking him away from country is imminent., and 1 want to urge a job paying him .t85 per week, now work­ my · friends of labor: do not follow ialse ing filr a prlvate'.s :pay, While his brother. friends· and false leaders ln this crisis OcTOBER 11, 1.94.1. 16 months younger, is .making $4B per week and another br.other. just 2 ·years younger. into losing tbe gains tbat you have Mr. ABE ScHARFF, an Kraus Cleaners, Memphis, Tenn. takes great plea-sure in telling the soldier boy '.Jhat heretofore made, but .stand firm for DEAa Ma. ScHARFF~ Your letter of October how he is being treated. If labor domination you have .and f.or what the future holds 8 .has been received jn Tegal'd to nondefense of American defense .is to -continue at its out for you. Do not let wild and reckless expenditures by the Federal Government. present cate, where will we end? Do you leaders cause you to strilre in Govern­ A committee h1U! just been appointed to think this situation has already progressed ment plants. Your positions in industry look 1nto ·these nondefense eipenditures. I to a pOint where disaster stares us in the are the best in the world. Do not jeo­ have been named a member at that com­ f.acel' pardize those positions, and, above all, do mittee. Senator, I don't mind telling you that the outlook is not cheerful and, frankly, I am not leave your real friends. men 'Who have As a frientt 'Of mine, may I ask you to glve me the reason for so many letters suddcn~y a!raid of the {)Onse.guence. I fear for my stood by you through thick and thin, ocaning to me regarding this matter? I :f.amily and feel sure that my 1eeling is shared through good Teport and bad TepoTt, be­ realize perfectly the importance of the .sub­ by thousands of other Tennesseans. I have cause some false leader holds out to ·you ject and have for yea11s, but I should Just an unbound .faith in American courage, temptations that he should not, which like to know who is causing this sudden in­ Amerlcan resourcefulness, and American loy­ neither he nor ani other patriotic man flow of letters on the matter. alty, and am trying mighty hard to recognize should hold out to you in this crisis. . Thanking you, I am, these virtues in each day's events. Very sincerely yours. Wlll be most .happy to hear !rom you in I want to say to you from long ex­ the premises and beg to remain, peTience that President Roosev.eJ.t ls the Your friend, KRAUS CLEANERS, best .friend organized labor or unorgan­ ABE ScHARFT. ized labor has ever had in this Republic. Memphis, October 1-5. 1$41. Bon. K. D. McKELLAR, He has st-ood with you through thick and 'MEMPHIS, TENN., October 15, 1941. Senate Office Building~ Bon. K. D. McKELLAR, thin. He has stood with you w.hen he has Washington, D. C. been denounced and traduced, when no Senate Office Building, .MY DEAR SENAT.Qll; Thanks for y.our prompt Washington, D. c. other man has ever stood with you when response to my letter of the .8th. and DEAR SENATOR: The enclosed "from this he has been denounced and traduced. happy to .know that you have been .named morning's Commercial Appeal is an expres­ Now, when the country needs you, and on the committee to look into the matte.r o! sion of sentiments which 1 have been feeling he appeais to you to stand with .him in nondefense expenditure, feeling that' these so strongiy lately that I want to can this this time of crisis and emergency, as ma~te.rs w11l.receive your most worthy atten­ matter to your attention. I think tt is out­ your friend, as your long-t1me friend, I tion. "V.ould likewise be much interested in rageous the way labor is permitted to retard knowing how you felt about the matter. all of our defense e11orts while everybody ts beg you for ~eaven's sake stand with the You ask me as .a friend to give a reason President in this crisis. being called on to pay enormous taxes and why you have received so many letters sud­ will be asked to pay stilt larger ones. As a I think I have the right to give you denly regarding this .same matter. While I, member of the Government I do not see hnw this advice, because in a lesser way I of course. was una-ware that you had .received you an avoid the responsibiUty for permit­ have stood by y.pu in the same way Pres­ so much eorrespondenee regarding the same ting this state of a11air.s to co.nt1nue. I run ident Roosevelt has stood by you. I al­ subJect, yet I can well understand it, for as sure that it is not an easy matter to correct, ways want to be frank, and especiaUy I .am happy to feel tbat I am a friend of but at least we are entitled to some etlort to with my laboring men friends. Do not 'yours I likewise feel that you would be inter­ oottect it or at least some public expression stand with your false friend, John L. ested in knowing that this matter is a t5ub­ of disapproval on the part of the Government, ject of much p.rivate conversation and dis­ which so far has not been forthroming. It Lewis, in this crisis. He is misleading cussion among taxpayers. both locally .and looks to me like 11. golden opportunity for y.Pu. He seems to have an idea that he is throughout various .sections of the .country I!IOmebody to make a strenuous effort to cor­ stronger than the Government, that he that I have visited. Men in business and rect this situation. is stronger than the President, that he men who have sons that wm follow them Very sincerely yours, is stronger than any other man in this In business are deeply .con"Cerned and discuss E. C. ELLE'l"l', M. D. oountTy. He evidently believes in hero the situation among themselves in sm-aU groups and. in large ones at various times, worship, and he regards himself as that so you Will see that it would not be a difficult [From the Memphis Commercial Appeal of hero. 'His recent Ietter.s to the President, matter for an individual to be concerned October 15, 1941] who, I repeat, has been the best friend enough to express his feeling.s to you, feel­ UIEY .BETRAY THE NATION organized labor ever bad, have been dis­ Ing that you are the proper person that Last week there were 32 strikes and 1 !l'espectful, discourte-ous, un.Patriotie, and should be addressed 1n the premises as the lock-out in defense industries. The total ot unbecoming to anyone in the position of representative of local .interests. employees involved -was 41,370. The total of leadership in a labor organization. I 'I don't presume to be enough of a student strikes il> an increase of 1 over the preced· pray you not t<> follow such a leader. of economics or of sooial science to :say 1ng week. whether the money we aTe spending for non­ Since tbat record was compiled there have ExamiT 1 defense projects is uncalled for even in part, developed two m-ajor strikes, one at the Ip­ KRAUS CLEANERS. but I do know that we have a tremendous galls shipbuilding yards at Pascagoula, Miss .• .Memphis, October 8, 1941. debt to shoulder and somebody must pay the which holds naval- and merchant-ship con­ Bon. K. D. McKELLAR, blll. Again, Senator, as a friend of mine. I tr.acts totaling $100,000,000, and at Houston, Senate Office Building, am just -wondering 1f you folks ln Washing­ Tex., Shipbuilding Corporation, with $140,- W.asb.ington, D. C. ton realize just where we are headed, with 000,000 in defense contracts . .MY DEAR SENATOR: While at my age It the labor situation placing us in a grip that Here -at home the Memphis Cotton Oil doesn't make mueh personal difierence, yet I has the possibillties <>f permitting Hitler to plaat, furnishing cotton linters and .fiber to tremble when I think of the terrifi{) obliga­ achieve .a powderless victory in America and powder plants, has been shut down by the tion that is being placed on my children .and without the loSs of a single German life. Congress of Industrial Organizations' U. C. A. their children through the mUllens being Fathers with boys of military age-and P. A. W. A. Other defense industry strikes spent at the present time in nondefense ac­ there are millions of them-are thinking are brewing in Memphis, spark plugged by tivities. mighty hard. If we are to beUeve newspaper organizers whose technique is radical in the I stand ready to give -everything I have In reports at au, we realize that, . -while the extreme. the cause of defense and am willing to obli­ American citizen and the American youth This is the .sad and treasonable picture ot gate my descendants likewise, but feel that have a pa~lotic heart, a 'Sturdy body, and a nation whose right-hand efforts are di· every father would be lacking m a conscious­ a strong mind, yet could you blame these rected toward preparing defenses against the ness of their obligations to their eb.1ktren boys for feeling reluctant to go into battle greatest physical and economic menace the were they not to .seriously protest the spend­ against Hitler's thousands of tanks, fiame w.oild has ever known, and whose left han<1 Ing of money for nondefense activities ..and throwers. and wa.r plane~. when they are destroys them even before they a~ completed. 8374 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAT~ OCTOBER 31 In the halls of Congress not one word ts Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I founded. We have uniformly main­ heard in protest, nor do we know of any legis­ know the Senator from · Illinois [Mr. tained the right of our merchant ships lative effort which will put an end to this BROOKS] desires to deliver an address, but to go anywhere in the world it was neces­ curse. There was legislation planned, but sary for them to go or where they wished the word went out from the administration I wish to speak for a few moments on the to kill it, and it was killed. pending joint resolution. to go. Unfortunately, we have not al­ Last week Secretary of Labor Frances Per­ When I wish to address this body my ways maintained that right, but it has kins had something to say to the American custom is to stand at my place and make always been our cherished policy. Federation of Labor convention. It should my remarks, but the matter before us is Shortly after the institution of our be read by every member of organized labor. so important that it seems to me I should Government, in the years between 1795 The pity of it is that had the administration use the notes I have prepared. I wish to and 1805, what were known as the Bar­ adopted the attitude she now expresses, and say to Senators that I hope that what I bary pirates preyed . upon our shipping had she made it her own official pollcy 8 years ago, this Nation would not now be in the have to say will prove more or less inter­ in the Mediterranean Sea. Although our · sorry mess it is from obstructive strikes. Late esting to them, and it will talte me but a Navy at that time was exceedingly small, though it is, it is truth. very short time to complete my remarks. President Adams and. President Jeffer­ "Trade-unionism is no lunger in swaddling On September 25last, a little more than son directed that it destroy the pirates clothes but is an important American institu­ a month ago,. I introduced a bill for the in that sea, and that was done.· It was tion. Its affairs are therefore public prop­ absolute repeal of the neutrality law of done under our international right to erty and it must expect to be judged as other 1939. I ask unanimous consent that a freedom of the seas. institutions are judged. copy of the bill be printed in the RECORD It is true, Mr. President, that in the "The public expects its "lervice institutions at this point in my remarks. · to exercise the utmost order and exemplary War of 1812-14 we undertook to maintain procedures in handling 'other people's money' The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there c b­ the right as against Great Britain. She • • • that no individual shall gain at jection? searched our ships, impressed our sea­ the expense of the public." There being no objection, the bill (S. men, and actually se!zed our men in Some sections of organized labor, by their 1925) to repeal the Neutrality Act of 1939 many cases. So we went to war with this tactics in the vital defense industries, are was ordered to· be printed in the RECORD, greater and more powerful nation to up­ not only selfishly gaining at the expense of as follows: hold our policy of the freedom of the seas. this Nation but at the expense of national Be it enacted, etc., That the Neutrality Act We lost that war, except for the Battle security, at the expense of all that we are of 1939 is hereby repealed. of New Orleans, and the peace treaty and hope to be. · SEc. 2. Offenses committed and penalties, contained no gup.ranty of· the right of Wittingly or otherwise they are permit­ forfeitures, or liabilities incurrecL under such ting themselves to become the tools of Hit­ act prior to the date of enactment of tbis freedom of the seas. But we continued lerism and all it means. act may be prosecuted and punished, and to insist upon our right of freedom of The Government at Washington is fully suits and proceedings for violations of such the seas, even as against so powerful a cognizant of all transpiring in defense in­ act or of any rule or regulation issued pur­ nation as the British Nation. We have dustries. It knows that millions of man-days suant thereto may be commenced and prose­ always asserted that right. , being lost can never be regained. It knows cuted, in the same manner imd with the same In 1917 the German Kaiser marked off that each single defense-industry strike in effect as if such act had not been repealed. this country increases the possibility of Hit­ certain portions of the ocean and stated ler's success in world conquest. Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, my he would sink any vessels that entered . American defense industry-all industry­ reasons for introducing a bill for the the proscribed waters, regardless of is helpless to protect itself so long as the absolute repeal of the neutrality law are, whose ships they were. In pursuance of Government continues its benevolent, pro­ first, that I believe the various neutrality that violation of the doctrine of freedom labor attitude, regardles~; of consequence~ on laws have accomplished nothing in keep­ of the seas he sank a number of our the defense effort. ing us at peace, and if continued on the ships. We went to war and won that Frances Perkins is right for once. The af­ statute books will continue to accomplish war. In the peace conference, however, fairs of organized labor are public property, nothing. In putting those laws on the we lost. The peace treaty contained and it "must expect to be judged as others nothing in regard to the freedom of the are judged." books we turned our backs on our cen­ The .American people, chagrined by the tury-o!d policy of the freedom of the seas. seas. . record of strikes, snxious over the increas­ Ever since 1795 we have stood for that America did not sign the Treaty of ing successes of the Nazi hordes, and fear­ policy. In these measures we admitted Versailles, but at that time we had the ful for their own future, will, indeed, judge, that there was a portion of the seas, now naval power to maintain and enforce and when they judge labor also will they marked off by Germany, into which we our cherished doctrine. It was a great judge those in Government who, having the would not send our merchant ships. We misfortune that after winning th& war power, fail to use it before this labor sub­ passed the neutrality laws for the pur­ we should have lost in the peace con­ version destroys all of us. pose ·of keeping out of the war. In my ference. It was the old case of winning Mr. HOLMAN. Mr-. President, if the judgment, the American people will never a verdict against a defendant and then Senator from Tennessee will yield, in give up their age-old policy of the free­ losing in the execution of the judgment. favorable comment on his address to the dom of the seas, and I believe the sooner After the war, in 1922, as we who were effective leadership of labor in this coun­ we repeal these laws entirely the better here at that time remember, President try let me add the observation that the it will be for our Nation. Harding .called a disarmament confer­ laboring men of America should consider We have kept out of the war Ul to this ence in Washington. I shall never for- · the fate of the laboring men of France, time, net because of the neutrality laws, get the eloquence of Secretary of State where the sit-down strike originated. not because of anything else we have Hughes, who opened that conference Where today are the advantages gained done, but simply because Hitler was not with aspeech, and who said in substance­ by the laboring men of France which they ready as yet to engage ur in war. If he that America was going to disarm re­ sought to obtain by stopping the produc­ had been, and had wanted to go to war gardless of whether the other nations tion of things needed in France, just as with us, we all know that we have given agreed to disarm. I recall to the memory the laboring men in this country are stop­ him plenty of pretexts. If he had wanted of those who were present on the first ping production of things which our Na­ to go to war with us he would have been morning of that conference that when· tion now needs for national defense? at war with us now, because on innumer­ Mr. Hughes made that statement our Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator is cor- . able occasions we have given him cause foreign friends with one accord rose and· rect in his implication; and I thank him. for going to war with us. We have dis­ applauded him to the echo, but many The laboring men of France are now, at regarded many international customs, if Americans remained silent. Mr. Hughes least, in a condition of peonage, and, ac­ not laws, and for this he could have de­ said we would set an example of disarma­ cording to all reports we have, I believe clared war at any time he pleased. He ment to the other nations of the world in a condition of slavery. has not done so, but it has not been be­ by sinking all our great war vessels, new cause of the neutrality laws. It was be­ war vessels, if you please, some 14 of MODIFICATION OF NEUTRALITY ACT cause it has not been in his plan up to them, which had been built under Presi­ The Senate resumed the consideration now. dent Wilson's administration. Those of the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 237) to Mr. President, the principle of the ships went to the bottom of the sea under repeal section 6 of the Neutrality Act of freedom of the seas has been our na­ the agreement which was afterward 1939, and for other purposes. tional policy since our Government was made. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8375 Our friends on the other side of the nations of Europe, we wanted to avoid principle is the freedom of the seas, and water sank a few old hulks, and some war, and therefore we passed our neu­ the right of our ships to ply the seas, brand-new blueprints which had never trality laws under a mistaken idea that which are the common property of all been used. I know it must be a source they would help us avoid war. I am not nations, as and when we please, without of great regret, not only to our own peo­ criticizing anyone who voted for those molestation. When Germany undertakes ple, not only to our own Government, laws. I acknowledge, Mr. President,· I to disregard that .principle, we are fight­ but to the Government of Great Britain not only acknowledge, I confess,· that I ing an actual war in defense of our rights and to the governments of the other free was one of those who voted for them at on the seas, rights which from the begin­ nations of the world, that those 14 great the time, thinking that they might ward ning of our Government have been very ships were sunk after that conference. off war. I am now convinced that they important to us, and still are important. I digress long enough to say that I am have not warded off war, and I am like­ Mr. President, the people of this coun­ very proud of the fact that I did not vote wise convinced that they will not ward try are not neutral in this war. Why for the treaty growing out of the Wash­ off war in the future, and for that rea­ beat around the bush? Why pretend to ington Conference. I was a Member of son I favor. :repealing them. be neutral when we are not neutral? the Senate at that tim~. but did not vote We passed those laws under the mis­ We are all on one side or the other. We for the treaty. taken idea that·they would help us avoid are not neutral. We have enacted many After that we were unable to maintain war. Since that time, Hitler, in his mad statutes-among others, the Lend-Lease our doctrine of freedom of the seas. desire to subjugate the world, has violated Act--proving that we are not neutral. Again, Mr. President, . Germany has every treaty he . or the German people In the past 6 months we have appropria- marked off certain portions of the At­ have made; he has violated every prin­ . ated $13,000,000,000, to prove what? lantic Ocean, as she did before, and is ciple of justice and honor; every prin­ That we are neutral? No. To show be­ threatening to sink our vessels if they ply ciple of common decency that should be yond peradventure of doubt that we are the portion of the Atlantic Ocean which observed by men and nations. Our neu­ not neutral. . We have indirectly dis­ she has marked off, precisely as the same trality laws must be repealed. I would regarded our neutrality laws. I do not Germany, under a di1Ierent leadership, much prefer to repeal them outright, believe that any nation should enact laws marked off portions of the ocean in 1917; and give the President every power he and then expressly or impliedly disregar~ and, I understand, not only have anum­ desires over shipping. them. · ber of ·merchant vessels already been ·Mr. President, I suggest to the distin­ It is said that if we should repeal the sunk under that German policy, but to­ guished and learned chairman of the neutrality law, such action would throw day one of our war vessels was sunk. Foreign Relations Committee, whom I us into the war. I respect the cpinions Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, will admire very much, that I think the Pres­ of those who have made that argument, the S~nator yield? ident should have the fullest authority but I do not believe that repeal of the Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. and I believe it would be better for our neutrality law would precipitate us into Mr. CONNALLY. On the point of country and for the defense of our coun­ the war. Germany will not declare war marking o1I an area of the sea, I may say try, and would teach a better lesson to on us until she is good and ready. She is that the Nazi government has marked other nations, if we repealed the neu­ now engaged in war with Rus.sia, Great out an area 1,500 miles wide and 1,500 trality laws from top to bottom, and then Britain, and other countries, and she miles long, and it says that any ship gave the President such power over the would be exceedingly foolish to declare which enters that area shall be destroyed. shipping of our country as is now neces­ war on us at this time. That is perfectly Mr. McKELLAR. Thf' Senator js en­ sary and proper. apparent. In my judgment, whatever tirely correct in his statement, and I I am sorry that the Foreign Relations we do will not cause Germany to declare thank him for making it. I am glad he Committee did not feel that this sho:uld war on us at this time. · made it, because it emphasizes the point be done. Of course, the committee heard So long as we maintain the neutrality I am trying to make, which is that Ger­ all the testimony of the witnesses, and it law, or any part of it, we are yielding to many today is following exactly the same has recommended the repeal of the ob­ GMr. O'DAN!EL. I desire to make very .. 1 . Mr. President. in the past few months ~ iing the lease-}end _bill; but when it :.was _ brief remarks, Mr. President. ' the Cong.ress of the United States has enacted by the Congress I accepted it as ·Mr. BROOKS. , If it takes mo;re than . been moving steadily toward this-fat;-e.(ul · our· national policy and votE;d for both · a .minute, I am going to ask that I may · ;hour; and, in my judgment, the decision .• appropriations to give it force, · · resume the floor. · :we ar-e to make at ·this' time will more ... I shouJd like to repeat wl:iat I said on .Mr. O'DANIEL. Mr. President,' I d~- 'largely determine the future destiny· of . March ·24 on the floor of the Senate when ' sire to call attention to the fact that the .our. beloved country than any other· de- ·. I cast, my vote for the first $7.ooo,ooo.rioo . Nation today is enshrouded in a dark . cision that has been made by us in a appropriation: · cloud of sorrow at the sad news · of the quarter of a century. · Every step taken ~ While I vote for tpls appropria Uon I shall . sinking of the destroyer Reuben. James, . ·thus far was a partial step. I believe · continue to .use my influence wherever it m~y which has just been announced by my they wer_e le~ding .:qs steadfastly toward be extended to prevent our country from be- . worthy colleague, the able senior ·sen- . this day and this decision, which,· in my . coming a voluntary, active, shooting partici- 1 ator from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLYL T.Qe. judgment, is the final decision as to pant in Europe's war, and I respectfully ask . Senators to use the~r efforts constantly in commande1 of that ship, Lt. Comdr. H. whether or not the United States of the]r greater sphere of i:nfiuence witll tllase L. Edwards, was a Texan, andthere were America,. by congres~ional action, shall who, with such great power now granted, · 126 omcers and men aboard that de- s~il full speed ahead, shooting its .way guide the destinies of our country.· strayer, 30 more than are aboard the ship into active fighting partici:Qation in the I vote for this appxopriatlon in the hope, . of state here. At this time we .do not second World War. that my fears are unfounded and that we may know their fate. I hope no lives were lost, During the discussion of the lease-lend , be spared the Epilling of American blood on but an anxicus Nation fears there may bill I voiced my abjection because I be­ f~reign shore~ . · have been. I am wondering if the men lieved it was then placing authority and · ·_ r am afrafd that · my fears were well aboard that ship toe>k-days and days to power in the hands of one man who could founded. · , 1 debate whether this Nation was neutral . so shape our destiny by official aets that While I voted for th~ appropriations to · or not neutral. We have taken many even patriotic objection would be\ either carry out the purpose of the poEcy estab­ days in this deliberative body ·debating misunderstood or denied. lished by Congress in enacting the lease- · that question, while our ships are being · I believe this may b~ the last opp01 tu­ lend bill, I deny that there was anything sunk at sea. In view of the seriousness nity to protest against our becoming offi­ in the enactment of that policy author- : of the situation, and in view of- the fact cially all-out shooting participants in the izing or indicating art intent that we that it is the duty of the Congress of the present war; and I want the RECORD to should deliver the goods which we had United States to determine whether this show that I not only protested against pledged to produce for other countries. Nation is neutral, I should like to make it, but with my voice and vote tried to Indeed, when some of us protested r.ere a suggestion. . . pr~vent it. . . . _ that a demand would later be made to -I. too, have some remarks I should like The President and his ·cabinet have deliver the goods, which wo'uld mean to make with reference to the Neutrality b_een at war now for· some time; but the shooting participation in the war, we Act, but.I am willing to forego the privi- Congress has not been at war. I say .the were assured that that was not intended; lege of making those remarks if others President has been at war: He has desig­ but here we are, being asked now to carry al'e also willing to forego speaking. I nated the enemy. He has named him. out the-intention, you say; of that act by think this is the psychological moment He has proclaimed for his defeat and de­ delivering the gocds. for the United States to give serious con- . struction. With the armed ships of our Each step that we have taken thus far sideration to announcing its decision on Nation he journeyed out to sea, there to ·has been taken with the insistent an­ the question of whether or not the United join the Prime Minister of Great Britain nouncement that it was to keep us out States is neutral. on a British man-of-war, and, with the cf war. I say to you this is the last step. ·I wish to express my appreciation to joint counsel of the leaders of the navies You cannot shoot your way a little bit the able Seriator from Illinois for yield- and the armies of two countries he chart­ into war any more than you can go a little ing of his time; and I should like, after ed the course. He pledged the resources bit over Niagara Falls. he bas concluded his remarks, to ask pf our people when he signed the "charter indeed, if we repeal the provisions pro­ unanimous consent of the Senate · that· of the SBa." . hibiting the arming of our merchant further debate on the pending joint reso- Secretary Hull testified he guessed we ships, and if we repeal the prohibition lution proposing to r~vise the Neutrality were convoying. Admiral Stark said we against .their carrying contraband. of · Act be dispensed with and that an imme- are convoying . . The President said-. war and sailing into belligerent ports of LXXXVII--529 8378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 - warring countries it is, in effect, a procla­ an all-out war on all the seas of the about the planes which we have leased mation that "Here we come with war ma­ world. or loaned to England being shot from terial in American ships, under the I shall not discuss the sections sug­ the sky; nor tanks nor guns loaned to American flag, manned by American gun gested for repeal separately, for I think England destroyed in their hands, be­ crews, shooting our way through as par.:. they are interwoven and stand or fall to­ cause they were American-made or leased ticipants in the war." gether. I have the sincere feeling that it or loaned to the British forees. I do not question the patriotic motives is wrong to send American seamen under Why, then, should we not give these of men who sincerely desire to do that the American flag on American ships ships to Britain, give the cruns to Britain; very thing; but I protest doing it while into the war zones with the inadequate put the guns on the ships for Britain, telling the American people, "We are protection of a few guns on their decks. and let them take them on their course doing it to avoid war." I still believe that it merely invites attack. under the British ftag and manned by I said before, the President has been It would remove all protection under in­ British seamen? at war; the Cabinet has been at war; but ternational law of the right of warning The President has the power today to Congress has not been at war. In every of the ships before attack. · transfer these ships to the British flag, action, Congress has definitely stated I wish to quote from a letter received and they can with their own men carry that it was not a war move, and that no by me from one of the humble seamen, these goods without involving us in a act of war must be committed. Now, if if you please, who was serving as an shooting war. this joint resolution passes, and we arm American citizen on the Robin Moor, The British Empire which with 500,- our ships and send them out to shoot which was sailing under the .American 000,000 subjects bas stood astride of the under an act of Congress, by that action :flag. That ship was sunk after the crew world, collecting the tolls of traffic and Congress goes overboard ~nd is at war. was warned and given an opportunity to commerce at every narrow strait of the When the administration, the Cabinet, enter its lifeboats before the sinking. seas, has more seamen, trained and and the Congress are all at war, the coun­ I quote his letter, in part: skilled, than any other nation in the try is at war; America is at war. Conse­ Once merchantmen are armed they will world, and, although she bas lost many quently, I am opposed to the passag ·~ of be given no quarter. The ships will have to ships, the loss of her ships has been this joint resolution. run black-out wherever they go whether ln greater than the loss of her crews. Why In speaking in opposition to it, I must the war zone or not, -and unless equipped with listening devipes a submarine can sneak should she not assign those crews now keep faith with myself. I must keep up in the dead of night after following in to pilot these ships, ships given to them faith with the people who granted nie the the daytime to ascertain course and speed, by the generosity of the American people, honor and the privilege to represent them and the first thing the crew hears ln the filled with food Pnd munitions of war for here, to whom I gave my solemn pledge middle of the night is the torpedo's crack. them to use in their own defense? All that I would do everything within my I was on the Robin Moor, and I can see this, from the generosity of the American power to prevent our again becoming en­ now had we been armed and without lights ·people, a generosity that will take the gaged in foreign wars. we would have been given no 30 minutes to toll from the sweat and the toil of our Again I say, I do not question the mo­ get off in the boats. It was 4:30 a. m., and we could not see even the outline of the people for a century. tives or the patriotic fervor of anyone sub fiashing the signals: "Send boat with And while I speak about the generosity who disagrees with me, but I question and papers." And "Do not use your wireless." of the American people, let me remind protest against this method of taking us We are all for you ln your argument, and my colleagues that we have appropriated into the war. I feel that from a seaman's viewpoint I can $13,000,000,000 of America's money to When we go to war, if ever, we must speak for all of the seamen here. aid other people who fight for the liberty have a completely united Nation behind I quote this as the 'view of one of the of their homes and their shores and their our effort, and it is my sincere belief that humble seamen from one of the runken governments: I think that sometimes in the majority of the people of this country ships as expressing the view of himself the excitement of the mnment we for­ do not wish to take another step into and his mates. get "that many an American citizen will shooting participation in the war. · There is honest disagreement as to mortgage his home next spring to pay his . Notwithstanding the gigantic efforts whether arming merchant ships will or tax bill, which tax bill takes less than 10 cf a new and controlled technique of will not grant greater protection of the percent of what we have appropriated propaganda to prepare the minds of the crews and the cargmihty take our tribute. No nationality which t"e distinguished chairman of the For­ hard tl'ader. She is all ot:t for England; goes to make up the American people is eign· Relations Committee, the Senator she is all out for the British Empire. ruled by any other nationality, We are from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY] observed- If we enter this war, we will not only the only nation on earth in which all the We did not have to have any hearings at finance it. we will not only fight it with creeds, all the colors, all the nationalities all. The House had hearings. We had the our ships, but we will fight it with our of men have equal rights and equal stat- · votes to bring the bill in without a minute's men as well, and a long war may mean ure. We have a right to defend that civil­ hearings if we had desired, but we acceded to bankruptcy and chaos for our people. ization; and if defending it means war, the wishes of the minority and accorded 4 If before we enter this war we have and shooting war, I am not afraid. But days of hearings, when the House confined its not made an ironclad arrangement with I am afra ~ d of the course we are taking, hearings to only 2 days. her, she will take what she wishes. She which is tearing down and undermining "We had the votes." May I remind you will take all the trade routes and all the the confidence of our people in the struc­ that Hitler had the votes too, when he raw materials in the world, and she will ture of this great free government, as still had a legislative branch of his Gov­ set up an international financial struc­ though the foundation were blasted out ernment and he used those votes to cen­ ture to suit herself and nobody else. from under a home which had stood for tralize the power in his own hands, ·ad­ While I voted to appropriate these vast a century, jounied his legislative branch for 7 years, sums of American money to her aid,· I If you believe that you should arm and then plunged his nation into war­ would like to know-the people of Amer­ these ships and that they should carry a step his ·nation will pay for for cen­ ica would like to know-what is our defi­ munitions under the American flag, with . turies to come. nite understanding-"What will ye do in American seamen at their guns, guarded · "We had the votes.'' I may remind you the end thereof?" by the United States Navy, into the war that you got those votes by promising the I repeat the words of Constantine zone-if you believe the shooting has American people that you would keep Brown: started and we are going in £hooting, de­ them out of war. I may remind you that termined to fire the last shot, why not tell Never in the history of the world has so the American people that we are done you had the votes when you pacsed the much been kept from so many by so few. neutrality law in its original form under with subterfuge? Why not tell the Ame·r­ tne promise and the pretext and the While I was willing to vote huge sums ican people that we are done with pledge that it would keep America out of of money to be translated into defense phrases that finally \".'e are gong to tell Europe's war and it has done just that. articles for Britain, I was conscious of them the truth-that you are going to Yes; you had the votes when you start­ the fact that after the last war she in­ vote this Nation into all-out war? That e"-to change the neutrality law and re­ dicated and showed little or no apprecia­ is what this vote means, in my judgment, pealed the arms embargo, but you still tion for the tremendous effort we had and I do not believe that it is to the best had those votes under the promise to the made by her side. Already the propa­ interests of our country or to the best in­ people that that step would keep them · ganda has started that we are not aiding terests of the unfortunate people of the ·· out of war. ·You had·the votes-on elec- England; that it is not a question of aid world that we should undertake at this · 8380 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 time an all-out destructive course. I I protest against racial hatreds; but I contraband into belligerent ports and to shall vote "no." warn you .that they grow out of war. use the Navy to .convoy them, every day I shall vote "no" for many reasons. · For that reason we ought not to become will create an incident of war, and in a One is that I have made a pledge to the a shooting participant in the war. short 'time there will be no choice. There people, by whose grace and kindness I am The churches of America are the most will be no declaration of war. There permitted to be a Member of the Senate imposing buildings in every community will merely be a recognition that a state of the United States, representing in part in our great land. Teaching and educa­ of war exists, proved by the sinkings of the great sovereign State of Dlinois, that tional institutions of .a religious nature our ships and the loss of our sailors. if I came here I would vote "no" on send­ have been built and maintained out of Mr. President, I am not a pacifist. ing our boys to die in another European the earnings of the American people, war . . freely contributed out of that part of I am not an isolationist. But I do not The British generals have told us that · their productive capacity that was not believe that this is our· war. I will sup­ Hitler cannot be conquered without our destroyed in war or· taken away from the port the policy of. my Government when men, and that Germany cannot be de­ people in taxes to maintain wars . . it is determined; but I ask my colleagues stroyed without. invading German soil. When you vote to enter a shooting war in this body not to take this indirect You say, "The shooting has started," that may take us to the four corners of method of determining our entrance into and "it all depends on who fires the last the world and last for years to come, you the war. shot." will close thousands of factories in our When you vote to arm our merchant An American expeditionary force is as . little towns. You will disturb the home ships and to send them into belligerent sure to follow the Navy's shooting par-_ life which is the basis for every religious ports, armed and carrying contraband ticipation as the darkness follows the freedom; and you will destroy more reli­ and munitions of war, and convoyed by day. gious fiber than you can re-create in a a shooting Navy, remember that you When we passed the lease-lend bill I century to come. place your personal approval upon the stated as one of my objections the fact Let us preserve our tolerance, our events that follow. Sad will be the day that it would make the Chief Executive ·brotherly love, our productive capacity, when you are safely attending the great of this Nation the all-out director of all and the churches of America by not de­ dinners in Washington, knowing that out the wars of the world. I was assured stroying ourselves through moving 3,000 there in foreign waters and over there then that that would never happen. I miles away to enter another all-out on foreign land there will be constantly was told that the Congress would control shooting European war. increasing numbers of American men who everything by Its control of appropri­ If we do not pass this resolution, what will die, American men who will lose their ations. We were promptly asked for would I do, you ask? First, I would keep minds, or who will move through life $7,000,000,000 to carry out the purpose of my pledge to the American people not to with their eyes gone, with their arms that act, and that sum was promptly vote them into war. Seconc;l, I would gone, with their legs gone, crippled and voted. keep my pledge to the British people, and maimed in another foreign war. Oh, Before the adniinistration had even I would produce the implements and the Congress will be kind to them then. No fully determined to what it would allo­ munitions of war. We have already ap-­ doubt you will appropriate money for cate the $7,000,000,000 the administra­ propriated $13,000,000,000 for that pur­ their hospitals, but you will not be their tion came in asking for $5,985,000,000 pose. Would I deliver the goods? I friend. Only death will be their friend. more, and the Congress passed that would not deliver the goods. I would The other day I heard poetry recited measure without crossing a "t" or dot­ give them the ships. I ·would give them on this floor urging the passage of the ting an "i." the guns. I would give them the mate­ pending resolution. I am sorry I do not You say that the passing of this reso­ rial, and I would say to them, "Out of the remember the name of the author of the lution does not contemplate another 500,000,000 people that live under the sentiment I am about to repeat, but it American expeditionary force to Europe. British flag, send a few men to pilot these expresses the view of a man who had been You say, "This means only arming tbe ships with the stores of great supplies in the line: ships. This means only delivering the that come out of the generosity of Amer­ Have you seen men come, from the line~ goods." In my judgment, the American ica's heart." Tottering, doddering, as if bad wine expeditionary force will follow shooting . lf I thought this was our war I would Had drugged their very souls; participation just as the appropriations be honest with the American people and Their garments rent with holes declare war; and I would fight it not only And caked with mud followed the lease-lend bill; and I warn And streaked with blood you that when you vote for the passage with our Navy but with every ·resource Of others, or their own; of this resolution you are starting the at the command of the American people. Haggard, weary-limbed and chtlled to the machinery jn motion for all-out partici­ But the American people have not de­ bone, pation in Europe's war. cided that this is their war. I represent Trudging aimless, hopeless, on One of the objectives set out for our the.American people here, and so do you; With listless eyes and faces drawn participation is freedom of religion and until they authorize us to do other­ Taut with woe? be w!ce in their name I would confine myself Have you seen them aimless go everywhere in.the world. God praised Bowed down with muddy pack that we have freedom of religion in to the production of the planes, tanks, And muddy rifle slung on back, America. It has meant much to our guns, ships, and munitions to do what And soaking overcoat·, . progress. It ·has added greatly to the we said we would do--lease them and Staring on with eyes that note . freedom of our spirit, which created the lend them if we feel that that is to the Nothing but the mire free mind, and the genius that gave us advantage of our country. Quenched of every fire? the standard of living and the great pro­ Some say we are at war. Some say the Have you seen men when they come ductive capacity that we have in our shooting han started. I say maybe there From shell holes filled with scum land. are Cabinet members who are at war; Of mud and blood and flesh, and if you vote to repeal these three Where there's nothing fresh The Catholic cathedral, the Jewish Like grass, or trees, or flowers, synagogue, the Protestant church, and sections of the Neutrality Act the Con­ And the numbing year-like hours the totem pole all have the equal right gress will say, "We are at war." But the Lag on-drag on, to stand; and we have less racial hatred, majority of the American people will And the hopeless dawn less intolerance, less ·impatience than any still cry out, "No, no, no; this is not Brings naught but death, and rain­ other people in the world. In the hum­ our war." The rain a fiend of pain ble little minister's home in which I was The greatest need in America today That scourges without end, raised I never heard a critical or unkind is unity. We must have a united peo­ And Death, a smiling friend? word uttered in my whole life; never a ple. But a people can never unite until Have you seen men. when they come from bell? word against any other religion or any the course is clear and until the objec­ If not-ah, well other race of men. So far as I know, tive is crystal clear. In the light of the Speak not with easy eloquence in my lifetime I have never willingly or speeches already made and the belliger­ That seems like sense knowingly uttered anything that could ent steps already taken, if you vote Of "war and its necessity" I .be even distorted to mean intolerance or either to arm merchant ships or grant And do not rant, I pray, contributing to racial hatred. addltional authority to send them with On war's "magnificent nobility"1 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RE-CORD-SENATE '8381

I~ you've seen men come from the line, It is to achieve that destiny that I ask sues which are involved in the rushing You'll know it's peace that is divine! the Members of the Senate to vote "nay" events of our time. If you've not seen the things I've sung­ As the distinguished . senior Senator Let silence bind your tongue, on the pending joint resolution. But, make all wars to cease, [Manifestations of applause in the from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG] said a And work, and work for everlasting peace I galleries.] . · few days ago, in the very remarkable The PRESIDING OFFICER. The speech which he made in the Senate, the What are we considering here today? Chair admonishes the occupants of the very life of the act we are about to amend It is the destiny of America. What is the galleries that it is against the rules of the is a misnomer; it no longer comports with destiny of America? The destiny of Senate for those in the galleries to make the realities; it is not a neutrality act now America is to unite this country for her any demonstration of approval or disap­ for all thought of neutrality was with­ own national defense. The -destiny of proval of anything said or done on the drawn from that act, not by the inde­ America is to build a defense so strong floor of the Senate. The Senate expects pendent policy or action of the executive that no one will invade or attempt to in­ the occupants of the galleries, as the arm of the Government, but by the v:ade the Western Hemisphere. The des­ guests of the Senate, to observe the rules solemn action of the Congtess of the tiny of America depends upon her ability of the Senate, and to refrain from any United States. In 1935 when this law to produce the food and supplies upon applause. was first enacted we had no idea what her farms and in ber factories, to produce Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I was about to transpire in Europe . . We and produce to the maximum of the abil­ am sure that no person who has listened had no comprehension of the nature of ity of free men to defend their freedom. to the address which has just been de­ the conflict that was brewing, and we The destiny of America is to renew her livered by the distinguished junior Sen­ were of the opinion that it would be pos­ faith in her own form of Government, to ator from Illinois [Mr. BROOKS] can fail sible to insulate ourselves from what we govern and defend herself, to remain free to have been impressed not only by the called the age-old wars of Europe. So and independent, owning her own soul, eloquence and for'ce with which it was we passed an act which was designed to maintaining her own way of life and . delivered but also by the sincerity which have just that effect . guaranteeing the· dignity and freedom of the Senator displayed. Although, like It provided in section 1 : her people. others, I have been impressed, yet I am That whenever the President, or the Con­ The destiny of America depends upon forced to the conclusion that the Sena-· gress by concurrent resolution, shall find her elected officials keeping th'eir word to tor from Illinois has failed to see the that there exists a state of war between the people who believed them, to unite issue in all its stark realities. foreign states, and that it is necessary to this country, to keep their pledge to the · The issue which confronts this gener­ promote the security or preserve the peace of American people and to the allied peoples the United States or to protect the lives of ation, Mr. President, in my sincere judg­ citizens of the United States, the President as well. ment, is whether the world shall be shall issue a proclamation- When, across the sea, the warring coun­ blessed with liberty or condemned to tries have finally bombed each other's servitude for years to come. And so on. Section 2 of that act pro­ cities, when they have destroyed their Mr. O'DANIEL. Mr. President, will the vided that after such a proclamation had churches, when they have crushed to Senator yield? been issued- ashes their great works of art, when they Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield to the Sen­ It shall thereafter be unlawful for any have destroyed their institutions of ator from Texas. American vessel to carry any passengers or learning, when their ·factories have been any articles or materials to any state named Mr. O'DANIEL. A few moments ago I in such proclamation. leveled to the ground, finally out of the made the suggestion that at the conclu-. anguish of it all surely there will come a sion of the remarks of the Senator from Section 3 provided that after the is­ time when the starving people of the con­ Illinois I would ask for unanimous con­ suance of such a proclamation and when quered lands and the distressed, weary, sent that further debate on the pending the President shall- war-torn, and burdened people of the joint resolution be dispensed with, and find that the protection of citizens of the victors as well will cry out: "Isn't there a that an immediate vote be taken. I United States so requires, he shall, by proc­ land somewhere on earth where there is should like to ask for that as soon as the lamation, define combat· -areas, and there­ a government truly of the people, where Senator from Wyoming concludes his re­ after it shall be unlawful, except under such the people's wishes will be respected and rules and regulations as may be prescribed, marks. for any citizen of the United States or any observed? Mr. MALONEY. I object. American vessel to proceed into or through "Isn't there a land som'-ewhere where Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, any such combat area. all the nationalities and all the creeds without any question-- It provided in section 6 that after such and all the colors can live in harmony Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. . President, will with each other, and build and enjoy a proclamation, and while it c'ontinued to the Senator yield? be effective, it should be unlawful- real civilization? Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. "Isn't there a land somewhere where for any American vessel engaged in com­ Mr. CONNALLY. In fairness to the merce with any foreign state to be armed, by living example men can preach, where Senator from Wyoming, I believe I should except with small arms and ammunition men can live and can produce the foods suggest the absence of a quorum. therefor, which the President may deem and necessities of life-necessities for the Mr. O'MAHONEY. I think that is un­ necessary and shall publicly designate for body and for the spirit as well? aecessary. I feel, Mr. President, that we the preservation of discipline aboard any "Isn't there a land somewhere where are living in one of the critical eras of such vessel. there is freedom of speech and expres­ civilization and facing one of those mo- Obviously the provisons set forth in sion, freedom of worship, freedom from . meritous decisions which will determine sections 2 and 3 were intended to pre­ want, and freedom from fear?" the fate of mankind for centuries to come. vent this country from becoming in­ And if America is still solvent, still The responsibility of making that deci­ volved in a war in which it had no inter­ strong, still free, we can send the word sion rests upon us. It is a solemn re­ est by reason of any incident resulting back across the ocean that we are ready sponsibility, and cne for which we shall from the transportation of passengers to feed and to clothe and to rebuild the be accountable to history. We have in­ or materials on American merchant ves­ homes of the distressed people of the herited the aspiration to freedom from sels into belligerent ports or through world. countless generations in many lands. It combat zones. That is America's destiny. reamins to be seen what we shall be­ The provisions of section 6 were in­ We can say: "Yes, there is such a land! queath to our successors. tended to purchase safety for American It is the United States of America, and I hope that in the few observations I merchantmen by making certain that we are ready now to help feed and clothe intend to make I shall be able to be as they would be unable to defend them­ and nurse the wounds of a war-torn cold and analytical as it is possible for a selves. It was believed that an armed world. Yes, there is such a land. It is person to be, because I fear, from listening peaceful vessel could sail the seas without America, vhe living example of a govern­ to the debate which has taken place up fear of molestation. The theory of the ment that is the fairest pattern for the to this hour, that our greatest danger law was that we shculd protect our people human race. It is America fulfilling her will proceed from an emotional and un­ from incidents that would inflame their destiny." realistic appraisal of the fundamental is- minds, cause them to lose their balance, 8382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 and clamor to enter unnecessarily a war triumph of the forces to which we were our part shall be jn the preservation of in which they had no real concern. · sending our aid. No other circumstance that liberty. There never has been a t}me The provisions, particularly of sections could have brought about this change. since the first Senate sat in 1789 down 2 and 3, constituted, as we all knew at IRRELEVAl'stand for liberty and for freedom. which I am willing to be guided, along tainty that all the triumphs of science, There is terrorism in France, terrorism with other Senators, because I, too, have all the machinery of the modern age, all in Belgium, terrorism in Norway-and· some remarks which I should like to make that inventive· genius can devise, will be who thinks for a moment that that ter­ on the Neutrality Act. But I am willing used by him to build those huge instru­ rorism can be a voided here? to forego speaking provided other Sen­ ments of war which will keep all the world Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the ators are also willing to do so. . in subjugation. Senator yield to me for a question? I think it is time for this deliberative · Mr. President, a Nazi regime with 'the Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. body to announce whether our Nation is manufacturing facilities of Russia would Mr. LUCAS. What about the terror­ neutral or not neutral, so that tlie officers be 10,000 times stronger than the Nazi ism going on now, so far as our own and men sailing the high seas on our machine which has overWhelmed west­ cn does not grant to the· heen ·constrained to c.bject to the request Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Pi esident, will . the Chief Executive the authoritv to declare made by: the able Senator from Texas ·. Senator from Kansas yield .for a brief war, to proclaim war, or f'Ven to announce : [Mr. O'DANIEL] had the Senator from . ·answer to the Senator from Texas? war. Connecticut not seen fit so to do. I rise The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the I am opposed to this manner -of con-· at th~s time, Mr. President, to· explain Senator from Kansas yi'eld to the Sena- ~ ducting foreign affairs of the· United why I should have been compelled · to tor from Illinois? States. enter objec£ion. · . Mr. CAPPER. I yield. · Mr. President, my opposition to the · · During the last 3 days I have received Mr. LUCAS. I wish·to assure the Sen- intervantion of the United States in not lees than 35 or 40 telegrams, some let­ . ator from Texas I did not have him ·m W.Orld War No. 2 is not in any way an ters, ·and one telephone call, from resi­ mind· when I made this statement. I intimatbn that I approve Adolf Hitler · dents ofthe city of Chicago, of my native · ' appreciate the· sincer:i.ty of the Senator ·or the -Policies) of Adolf Hitler or- the State, in whit:h ~hey have specifically re­ · from Texas ·in making the request which deeds ·of Adolf Hitler. qUested that I do aU ·within my power to ' he did ·make, and, insofar as I am con- · · I abher arid detest the Hitler policy · see that debate on the· 'pending joint· c.erned, I shoul'd be ready to vote at this or war aad· conquest. resolution is not cut off in the United _ hour, but I made the statement as a de- · I· abhor and detest, also,· the Hitler . States Senate by the Rules Committee or fense to what is going on in my se:tion domestic program . of destroying the· scme other committee· of the Senate. In of the country. power of his congresc-the Reichstag- response to the inquiry as to how they Mr. CAPPER. Mt. ·President, before and making the legislative branch ot obtained such misinformation, I was ad­ proceeding with the few remarks on the his government simply the rubber stamp vised that ce:::-tain speakers of the opposi­ pending bill', which I desire to submit I ·for the executive. tion have been tn my· section of the coun­ ask unanimous consent to have p.rinted Members of the German Reichstag do try and, either innocently or otherwise, in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, immedi- not repre.::;ent their constituents. They have portrayed to the people there' that · ately following my rema!'~s, a few letters represent the !ead~r . the chief executive, tpe pending joint resolution would be ­ typical· of several thousand I have re- ~dolf Hitler. They do not repr.esent the _ railroaded through the ·Senate without ceived fx:om Kansas relating to this sub- people who· elected them. an opportunity for debate upon both sides ject. I will say that it is my best judg- I am opposed to that kind of govern- · of the issue. I merely wanted to make ment that these letters voluntarily writ· ment, to that ideal of government. 8386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 Hitler came to power in Germany by ·of the legislation, as well as upon the Now, as to the other proposal, that destroying the authority of the Reich­ language of the legislation itself. American flag ships and seamen be used stag as a representative legislative body. I think there is little doubt as to the to transport goods to Britain and her Old By a succession of steps he transferred purpose of the proposals to repeal the World allies. to himself the legislative powers of the sections of the Neutrality Act prohibit­ Mr. President, it is beyond my compre­ Reichstag. He made the Reichstag a ing the sending of our merchant ships hension that .anyone can visualize the rubber-stam].:. Reichstag. He deter­ into war zones and prohibiting the arm­ following conditions without visualizing mined policies; the Reichstag approved ing of merchant ships. the inevitable result. Let me enumerate them. He acted; the Reichstag con-. The purpose is not to make it easier them: firmed his actions. He tricked the for the United States to keep out of this American merchant ships, by the score Reichstag into· giving him emergency European war. The purpose is not to and by the hundred, flying the American powers. Then he made the emergency assist the President-if that is what he flag, manned by American seamen, c2rry­ powers stick as permanent powers. desires-to avoid all-out participation in ing American-made munitions for Brit­ Mr. President, I am opposed to that World War No.2. The purpose i.s not to ish and Russian use, sailing into and ·kind of government. enable us to give aid short of war to through war zones-it needs little imagi­ I do not understand that the German Britain and Russia and such other allies nation to visualize what wm ·happen. people have the four freedoms-freedom as Britain may enlist to fight her battles I say to you that American merchant of religion, freedom of speech, freedom from time .to time. ships carrying war supplies and mate­ from fear, freedom from want-any The purpose of this legislation, as I rials to Britain and Russia will inevitably more than the people of Russia have the see it, is to plunge the United States be followed by other American ships car­ four freedoms. "all out" into World War No.2, and to ob­ rying American soldiers to England and But, Mr. President, I do not believe it tain the acquiescence, the tacit approval, to the continent of Europe. is our job to force the four freedoms of Congress for that all-out plunge into I say to my colleagues in the Senate. in upon Germany nor to confer them upon war. · . all seriousness and sincerity, that the Russia. I want to be fair ·· about this. I do not vote on these repeal amendments is in Our job is to preserve for ourselves the assert that everyone who favors these reality a vote on whether or not we are freedoms we have. I cannot subscribe modifications-amounting tb repeal--of going to send American expeditionary to the theory, beautiful though it may the Neutrality Act wants or even intends forces to Europe, and also to Asia and sound, that we, the people of the United that the United States send American Africa-in the long run, to all the world; States, are the chosen people to carry expeditionary forces abroad; but I do and as a matter of realism, I think we these four freedoms to the rest of the say that all those who want the United also should face squarely as a fact that world. States to participate "all out" in World when these modifications of the Neutral­ It is my belief, Mr. President, that we War No. 2, all those who believe that the ity Act are enacted into law, we shall be can best preserve our own freedoms; best United States ought to participate "all committed to far more than the con­ preserve our constitutional form of gov­ out" in World War No.2, all those who be­ quest of Hitler in Europe. ernment; best preserve the United lieve the United States has a rendezvous Passage of this legislation, Mr. Presi­ States as a free and independent na­ with destiny-to quote the language of dent, commits the United States not only tion by resolutely refusing to become the President of the United States in a to the defeat of Hitler; not only to sav­ entangled in Old World wars. message to Congress-! do say that all ing the British Empire and adding to the Mr. President, I do not pretend to be those who believe in United States all­ territories of the British Empire, which a prophet. I was not in attendance at out participation in World War No. 2 are already embrace more than 500,000,000 · the conference on the Atlantic. I did in favor of this legislatiOn to repeal the people. Passage of this legislation com­ not participate in the writing of the provisions of the Neutrality Act which mits the United States to more than declaration of the Atlantic. I do not still stand in the way of such intervention. that. know what commitments were made, So I believe those of us who oppose this The enactment of this legislation, to what plans were laid, at that conference. legislation are fairly entitled to say that be followed in due time by a congres­ But it seems pretty clear to me, as a its purpose is to involve the United States sional declaration that a state of war plain, ordinary American, that if we go inevitably and inextricably in World War exists, commits the United States to pre­ to Europe this time we will be committed No. 2. Nor do I believe anyo~e can ques­ serve the British Empire from now on: for years to policing the continent of tion that this will be the effect of the leg­ commits the United States to police the Europe; very likely to policing the world. islation, even if one might question that continent of Europe; to underwrite Such a policing of the world, for at least . that is its purpose. . British domination of India and other 100 years, has been envisioned by Secre­ It is perfectly clear to me that the deci­ overseas possessions; commits the United tary of the Navy Frank Knox. sion the Senate makes upon this legisla­ States to police the world. Secretary of tion will settle the .question of whether or the Navy Frank Knox has frankly en­ Once we have sent an expeditionary not the United States shall consciously, visioned the United States and England force to Europe to participate in their· deliberately; go all out into a shooting jointly policing the world for at least 100 age-old game of power politics and war, years after this war is over. war and power politics, power politics war that will involve us, probably, in both the Atlantic and the Pa~ific, and entail · It is my contention and my sincere be­ and wer-the unending cycle-! say the also the sending of American expedition­ lief that the Senate now is debating, and odds are we will not come back to the ary forces to the Old World. in the course of a few days will vote, New World as a free and independent not merely upou the repeal of three sec­ nation. The next major decision by Congress will be the formality of declaring that tions of the Neutrality Act, but upon Whether .we are to become a part of a state of war exists. the momentous question of war or peace the British Empire, or of an English I think it generally is admitted that the for the United States. That is the issue Union Now, or a Federal Union of North arming of merchant ships is· a futile ges­ which should be kept in mind in the dis­ Atlantic States, I do not know; no one ture, so far as affording protection to cussion of the pending legislation. can foretell; but I am convinced the these ships against airplanes or subma­ I believe we can perhaps clarify this United States of America as an inde­ rines or surface raiders is concerned. issue by applying to the Neutrality. Act pendent power will have come to its end That is the expressed opinion of naval itself the same test which I said a few when we intervene in World War No. 2. authorities. minutes ago should be applied to the Some may say that there is nothing As a provocative measure, inciting in­ consideration of the repeal of these three of this in the pending measure; but I cidents to inflame the public mind, to sectionS of the act; namely, (1) the pur­ say all this is in the proposed legislation create the war spirit, to add volume to pose, and (2) the effect of the Neutrality before us. the hymns of hate,· the arming of mer­ Act. Mr. President, in passing judgment chant vessels probably will help reach an ·The plain purpose of the Neutrality upon proposed legislation, one must go objective. But that objective, Mr. Presi­ Act, expressed by the President of the · beyond the mere words contained in the dent, is not to keep out of war, nor to United States himself upon numerous legislation. provide Britain and Russia with aid short occasions, expressed by its proponents, One must pass on (1) the purpose of of war. That objective is to get the admitted by its opponents, was to help the legislation and (2) upon the effect· United States into the war. keep the United States out of European 1941 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 838'l wars. This was to be accomplished by States from becoming entangled in · Congress that war exists will be little ex .. keeping from happening certain ~inds of ·world v:ar No. 2. I say that our near­ cept a formality. Every barrier of law, incidents that past experience had dem­ ness to war has been brought about not tradition, public sentiment, the Presi­ onstrated lead to war. by the Neutrality Act, but by the refusal, dent's own oft-reiterated pledges for If the purpose of the Neutrality Act or the failure, or the neglect of the ad­ . peace will have been broken down. plainly was understood to be to help keep ministration to observe the spirit and President Roosevelt, in his one-time the United States out of Europe's wars­ the letter of the Neutrality Act provi­ famous Chautauqua speech of 1936, him­ asserted by its proponents, admitted by sions. self pointed out that the Executive can its opponents-then it seems fairly clear The act prohibits American-flag ships take the Nation into war or keep it out that the underlying purpose of its repeal from going into war zones. So the of war if he so desires. I will quote the is to make it easier to become involved in subterfuge has been adopted of register­ statement again, although the Senate Europe's wars. That seems to me almost ing ships under the Panama flag. probably is fairly familiar with it: elementary in logic and in fact. The Neutrality Act prohibits arming I doubt if the underlying, fundamental of American merchant ships. So the We can keep out of war- purpose of the Neutrality Act was ever subterfuge has been adopted of arming The President said upon that occa­ much better stated than it was stated by these ships registered under the flag of sion- President Roosevelt himself in a speech Panama. And some of these ships have if those who watch and decide have a suffi­ delivered only a year ago at Madison been sunk. ciently detailed understanding of interna .. Square Garden, ·in which the President Mr. President, the administration has tiona! affairs to make certain that the small said: even seized Danish ships, placed them decisions of each day do not lead toward war, By the Neutrality Act of 1935, and by other under the flag of Panama, loaded them and if, at the same time, they possess the steps, we made it possible to prohibit Amer­ with contraband of war for Britain, and courage to say "No" to those who selfishly or ican citizens from traveling on vessels be­ then proclaimed that American ships unwisely would let us go to war. longing to countries at war. Was that right? have been sunk by German submarines. We made it clear that American investors Tpe fact remains, Mr. President, that So far these are the incidents, and the United States has been led, step by who put their money into enterprises in almost the only incidents, in connection foreign nations cQuld not call upon Ameri­ step, day by day, closer and ever closer can warships or soldiers to ball out their with the arming of merchant ships and to the very brink of war. But though investments. Was that right? the sending of merchant ships into war we have been led to the brink, we have noli We made it clear that ships flying the zones, that have any connection with yet taken the final step into the void. American flag could not carry munitions to a the proposals before us to repeal the It is my belief that if we enact the pend­ belligerent, and that they must stay out of remaining provisions of the Neutrality war zones. Was that . right? Act. ing legislation we will have taken the In all these ways we made it clear to every I say that the Neutrality Act, insofar final step. So I must oppose the pro .. American, and to every foreign nation, that as it has minimized the number of inci­ posals to emasculate the Neutrality Act we would avoid becoming entangled through dents that would entangle the United which are now before us for consideration some episode beyond our borders. States in World War No. 2, has been a and determination. I desire to call the attention of my col­ most potent factor in helping keep the Refusal by Congress to repeal these jm­ le~gues particularly to the next state­ United States out of World War No. 2. portant pr.ovisions of the Neutrality Act ment made by President Roosevelt in this The mere fact that those who want the might still save the United States from speech at Madison Square ·Garden only United States to intervene are now work­ participation iri World War No.2. Refus­ 1 year ago, in 1940, more than a year ing so hard to repeal these provisions of al might save us from once again sending after the war had started in Europe. the Neutrality Act is almost conclusive millions of our boys overseas in American Said President Roosevelt upon that oc­ evidence to me that the Neutrality Act Expeditionary Forces to suffer and die casion: has been effective in helping us to keep on foreign battlefields, in foreign wars These were measures to keep us at peace. out of the war. They want it repealed brought about by foreign causes beyond And through all the years of war since 1935, so that the .united States will enter the our control-which have been beycnd there has been no entanglement, and there war. our control in the past, are beyond our ~ill be no entanglement. I maintain that the Neutrality Act, control today, and, I earnestly believe, There, Mr. President, we have the pur­ even though the administration has hon­ will be beyond our control in the future. pose of the Neutrality Act, to help keep ored it more in the breach than in the Refusal might still save us from attempt... the United States at peace. Do you say, observance, has been for the past 2 years ing, during the decade and perhaps cen­ "Conditions have changed"? Then I ask, a formidable bulwark for the peace of the turies to come, the task of policing Eu­ Had they changed more between 1935 United States. It has kept our merchant rope, policing the world, in the interest of and October of 1940 than they have ships unarmed, except for the subterfuges some world empire of which we may or changed between October 1940 and Octo­ mentioned. It has kept our merchant may not be a partner, or of which we ber 1941? ships, and American seamen, from the may or may not be only a part. If proponents and opponents of the hazards of running the air and subma­ As I see it, the Senate now faces not a . Neutrality Act, and the President him­ rine blockade. To that extent, at least, vote on a measure providin~ aid short of self, are in agreement that the purpose · it has been effective. war for Britain; not on merely another of the act is to help keep the United True, certain provisions were nullified step toward war, but actually a vote upon States from becoming entangled in a by the Lend-Lease Act-I will not go fur­ war itself. foreign war-World War No. 2, if any ther back to the repeal of the arms em­ What other conclusion can I reach prefer to call it that-then what about bargo, which started the real run on the than that this is a vote upon war itself? .the second point, namely, the effect of Neutrality Act. True, also, certain other Will anyone attempt to tell me, or you, the Neutrality Act to date in keeping us features have been nullified by Executive Mr. President, that if .we send American out of that war? action. The spirit of the Neutrality Act, armed ships into war zones, manned by Let us see about that. Has the Neu­ solemnly reinforced by declaration of American seamen, convoyed by American trality Act had any effect in enabling Congress in the Lend-Lease Act, was that warships, we are not at war? And will the United States to keep out of war? the United States should not convoy ships anyone undertake to tell me that, under I say that it has. But I hear it said that into war zones. such conditions, we are not at war in Eu­ the United States practically is in the But the prohibition of acts and actions rope? That will not be war in defense of war already. I have heard and read which directly invite war-ship sinktngs the Western Hemisphere. These mer­ statements that it is hypocritical to keep and loss of American lives because of chant ships are not going to handle car­ a Neutrality Act on the statute books merchant-ship sinkings-is still in force. goes in or for the Western Hemisphere. when it is admitted the United States is This is the last effective shred of prot<~ c­ They are going into the war zones of the not neutral. · tion against complete war involvement. Old World, to fight an Old World war. Please bear in mind that the purpose If these provisions are repealed, I say Mr. President, I now come to what of the act was not so much to keep Amer­ again, that repeal, on top of the step by seems to me to be the crucial point at ica neutral in the sense of having no step edging into war by the President; issue in this debate. Should the United opinions or feelings as between bellig­ will be the final step toward participa tton States intervene in World War No. 2? erents, as it was to keep the United to such an extent that the declaration by And if so, why? 8388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 · It is· not sufficient reason to me to point arena of Europe's age-old struggles and · the President when he told them he did out that the Government of the United save the British Empire from defeat? not want to be involved in Europe's wars. States has taken a number of steps lead,­ Britain and Germany are struggling But since that time, by a series of ing toward war. It is not sufficient to me today primarily for control of the conti­ Executive maneuvers, evasions, subter­ that even the President of the United nent of Europe. A century and a quarter fuges, commitments, and actions, the peo­ States ha.s, in effect, announced that the ago England and France were engaged in ple of the United States have been put United States is engaged in a shooting a life-and-d.eath struggle for control of into such a position that they no longer war. The shooting has started, says the the continent of Europe. feel free to express their deep convictions President, who issues a call-by radio The Senate Chamber then resounded against all-out participation in World address, not by message to Congress-for with the same .outcries that Britain was War No.2. the people of the United States to take fighting our war ·against Napoleon;· that The Nation has been committed, step their battle stations. the British Navy was our first line of de­ by step, day by day, to an Executive policy Those things, to my mind, do not con-· fense· that we would be conquered our­ accompanied by more. than 2 years of stitute sufficient cause for the United selve; if we did not save the British official and unoftlcial propaganda, until states to embark once again on the ad­ Navy-and Britain. . now it is argued that we are too far in venture of saving democracy and making In those days we had the wisdom of the war to back out. war to end war. Washington, of Jefferson, of Adams, and Mr. President, the United States has I point out again, Mr. President, that Madison, Jay, and others with exper_ience nothing to win by going into this war, but the legal power, the authority to declare in the field of European world politics to ha.s everything to lose. While we are be­ war is vested by the Constitution in the guide us. Those men also had had ex­ ginning to learn ofthe things we will lose, Congress of the United States. It is not perience with America as a pawn of Euro­ we have tasted only the first fruits of the vested in the President of the United pean power politics. They had seen the cup of world war. Heaven pity us if we States even by implication. It is my be­ colonists fighting the dynastic wars of have to drink the dregs, a.s we certainly lief also that there is no authority in the Europe in the New World. They had will if the present course shall be con­ Constitution or in American traditions fought the war of the Revolution to es­ tinued. for the President to wage an undeclared cape from European control of American Those of us who are trying to keep the war, or to proclaim war, or even to an­ affairs. And they refused, finally, and I United States out of Europe's wars abhor nounce war-and then call the people of think wisely, to return to the European and detest Hitler and his works. We also the United States to their battle stations. shambles. abhor and detest Stalin and the things Such a power, when used by a President Mr. President, do you suppose the he stands for. We share with other to involve this Nation in war without con­ United states would have remained free Americans in admiration and respect for sent of Congress, is plainly a usurped of Europe in Napoleon's time if the then Britain and the British people. We want power, and there is no sense in trying to President and his counselors had devoted them to win. mince words in stating the situation. their time and energies toward getting But, Mr. President, we place the United I wiSh to say at this point, Mr. Presi-· us back into the European orbit, instead States ahead . of our detestation of the dent, that I myself abide by the will of of building here in the New World a free Hitler and Stalin dictatorships. Very Congress when that will is expressed. I frankly, so far as I am concerned, I am and independent nation? more deeply interested in the preserva­ opposed to the last ditch the passage of They knew f from bitter experience, the lease-lend bill; but when Congress tion of the freedom and independence of that the "four freedoms" are obtainable the United States, and the preservation had passed that bill, and the President and can be retained only by those who had signed it, then the Lease-Lend Act of the form of government and American want them earnestly enough to fight for way of life of the United· States, than I wa.S the law of the land, and it received them. They knew it would be difficult to my loyal support from that time on. ;I am in underwriting continued domina­ keep them in the New World. They had tion of Europe by Britain. The four free­ voted for $13,000,000,000 in appropria­ no illusions that the four freedoms could tions to carry out the provisions of the doms in America mean more to me even be forced upon Europe, upon Asia, and than insurance of British rule for India Lease-Lend Act-not because I believed upon Africa. When the rest of the world · and her other colonial possessions. it was wise but because it was the legally wants the "four freedoms," Mr. Presi­ enacted policy of my Government. The Mr. President, I go further than detes­ dent, the rest of the world will attain tation of Adolf Hitler. I abhor the things right of· a minority to oppose a policy them. carries with it the obligation to make the he has done to the German people and In Napoleon's time the administration the German Government. Adolf Hitler policy e1fective once the majority has in the United States believed that the registered the will of the Nation. When attained power on a hymn of hate ~gainst people of the United States could defend the Versailles Treaty; on appeals to class the Congress declares for war, as the themselves; that they did not have to de­ Constitution requires, I will support its and racial prejudice; upon false promises action. pend upon the navy of any European em­ to different groups that he would give pire to preserve the independence of the them the edge over other groups in the . I call attention also to the fact that I United States. They had courage, and German economy. have supported every measure that pro­ vision, and wisdom. They kept the He destroyed the power of the Jerman vided for the defense of the United States. United States free and independent, even Reicbstag by making it the mouthpiece I shall continue to do so~ But I do not though at that time England, France, of himself, instead of the legislative body · regard the pending legislation as a na­ and Spain all had footholds in the New representing the German people. tional-defense measure, for 'it leads to­ World. ward foreign war, which is something Adolf Hitler purged his party and his entirely different. Today the United States is potentially government of those w~o diSagreed with the most powerful nation in the world. him. Adolf Hitler made the press of Ger­ I do not agree with those who assert The United States is equipped to survive many subservient to himself. He made that the war raging in Europe, from the in an industrial civilization, unless it the radio a propaganda agency for the start, has been our war. I say emphati­ chooses not to survive. We can be in­ Hitler-regime. He did not do this all at cally that it is not our war unless we vulnerable, impregnable, if we remain an once. . He did it gradually, increasing choose to make it our war. For the life independent nation and refuse to become pressure from month to month. Gradu­ of me I cannot see how anyone, except in entangled in Old World power politics, ally the voice of opposition to Hitler was a frenzy of hysteria, can contend that the intrigues, and recurrent wars. silenced; the tim~ came when the voices present war, which is for control of con­ The American people as a whole, Mr. in opposition were stilled by death. He tinental Europe, of colonies of European President, in my judgment, are wiser to­ promised labor shorter hours and higher powers, and of trade among European day than some of their leaders. They wages;· he used the labor unions to break nations and empi1cs, is our war. do not want to participate in the present the industrialists; then turned around It may be asked very properly, how has European war. They do not want to send and used the industrialists to break the it come about that many persons in the an expeditionary force to Europe. That power of the labor unions. Then he gave United States have come to believe it is is the way they voted a year ago. That them both an entirely government-con­ our war? Why do some insist that it is is what every poll has shown since. In trolled economy. Adolf Hitler broke the our duty to enter for the second time in a fact they were resolved at that time not power of the Reichstag; he broke the quarter of a century into the bloody to intervene in Europe, and they believed labor unions; he broke the industrialists; 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8389 he centered in himself all power, gov­ put us still further into all-out war. I boys away to be murdered. I have .no objec­ ernmental arid economic. · For those know from history and from the exercise tion to preparedness, and I know your con­ things I hate Hitler and the things that of the simplest form of reasoning that stituents will rally 100 percent to defend America if invaded. Let us not make the Hitler stands for. this will . be the effect of the proposed same mistake we made in the last war; be The history of Russia under Lenin and legislation. calm and not be led by warmongers. . I know Stalin runs along the same lines. We Armed merchant' ships :flying the ·you won't, but work on the othec boys. want neither of them; we desire neither American :flag, carrying· American-made Sincerely yours, of their systems transplanted into Amer­ munitions and other supplies to warring JOHN H. MAYHEW, ica. They cannot be forced into this nations, will be followed inevitably by ~ember of Kansas Legislature. country by any European nation or group transports carrying American troops to of nations. But if we become part of the Europe. As · I see it, the Senate will vote not OCTOBER 26, 1941, European picture, if we participate in Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, Europe's game of power politics, if we merely upon the question of arming mer­ chant ships, not merely upon the ques­ United States Senate, go too far into European politics and Washington, D. C. wars, I do not know what we may bring tion of permitting American merchant DEAR SENAToR: I was especially inter~sted back from Europe into our own Nation. ships to transport supplies to Britain in your recorded broadcast from radio btation I do not want to lose America to save and Russia and their Allies; but the Sen­ WIBW this afternoon. I want to commend Britain and Russia. ate will vote for war-undeclared naval you for the stand you take on the declara­ war for a few weeks or months, perhaps, tion of war. I am sure you struck a keynote There was a time, years ago, when I but war nevertheless-if and when it in the sentiment not only of your constitu­ may have shared some of the generous votes - approval of this proposed ents but also in the sentiment of the vast enthusiasm that the United States could legislation. majority. carry to Europe and the rest of the Old I am unalterably opposed to United Respectfully yours, World some of the American ideas' and D. B. FORDYCE, States participation in the war in Europe, Member of Legislature. ideals and traditions; perhaps even the Asia, and Africa. American form of government. But I Therefore, believing that the proposed lost a rreat part of that enthusiasm fol­ legislation now before the Senate EMPORIA, KANS., October 29, 1941, lowing World War No. 1. amounts to voting all-out war, not defen­ Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, I came to the decision, following the sive war, but imperialistic war, I shall do Senate Office Building, Treaty of Versailles and the disillusion­ Washington, D. C. my best to keep the pledge I made the DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: Thousands Of Clti• ment which followed, that Europe's ways people of Kansas who sent me here, that zens wholeheartedly support you and your are nof our ways, and that for America I would do everything in my power to colleagues who are trying to keep us out of and the people of America the American keep American boys out of a foreign war. war. The President's near declaration of ways are better than Europe's ways. I do Therefore I must and will vote "nay" on war was most unfortunate. I convey the sen­ not know whether American ways would the measure now pending. timent of thousands when I urge you to use be better for Europe than Europe's ways, all your powers to prevent any congressional but I feel that for us to try to force the EXHIBIT A action which would take us closer to war. American way upon Europe and upon the QUINTER, KANs., October 15, 1941. Perhaps the President might be reached by Orient is too big a task to undertake, at The Hcnorable ARTHUR CAPPER, an appeal on the part of s good number of Washington, D. C. Senators to cause himself to be remembered lea&t until our ways are firmly estab­ DEAR SIR: We, the mothers, urge you to use in history by finding a way toward peace lished on this continent. every bit of your power to keep Uf out of this rather than using his high office to lead into - Carrying the four freedoms to western war. Mrs L. R Miller, of our community, is the great destruction the last nation that Europe, to Russia, to the Orient, to Japan in Wf'shington now in the interest of peace, could serve as mediator. and China, and India, and Turkey, and and we the unde1·signed endorse her views. -Please keep me informed of developments. Mrs. MerlP- Roesch, Mrs. W. W. Jamison, Sincerely yours, the Balkans-t:hat has a ringing sound, a RoYER H WooDBURN, noble sound. But I much fear that in Mre-. Ralph Lahman, Mrs. Mira McWill!ams, Mrs. Dallas Jamison, Pastor, First Methodist Church. our attempt to carry the four freedoms to Mrs. Joe Jamison, Mrs. Ivan Con­ the rest of the world, we may only succeed nell, Mrs. Joe Fink,- Mrs. Clifford in turning the four horsemen loose in our Wigingt-on. Mrs Samuel Bowman. TRmUNE, KANs., Octocer 27, 1941. own America, and that would be a sorry Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, Washington, D. C. trade for the United States, and for the SALINA, KANS., October 15, 1941. DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: I Still think the :world. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, vast majority of the persons in Kansas wish Mr. President, I cannot join in what Washington, D. c. to stay out of this war a: much as possible. looks to me to be very much like a fan­ DEAR MR. CAPPF.R: Both as a priVat-'21 citizen The trend, according to my observations, tastic nightmare, comparable, as I told and member of the· A. E. F. of 1917 I would here in Greeley County seems to be away the Senate once before, only to the chil­ very much regret to see the repeal of such from hate and war rather than toward it. safety measures of the Neutrality Act, as the Some are wondering whether England isn't dren's crusades of the thirteenth century. .section prohibiting the arming of American making a bunch of saps out of us, playing us I very much fear that when we enter on merchant ships engaged in fcreign commerce. for suckers. Personally, I don't dislike the this crusade, and me~t this rendezvous So-called armed merchant ships are no match· English, nor can I bring myself to hate the with destiny Which is held out as our for regular fighting units and results only in Germans or the Japs, even though I do not future, the United States in the end will placing the lives of Amerjcan sailors in need­ like many of their actions; but I do feel that risk the fate -which overtook the chil­ less jeopardy. I respectfully urge you to vote we can best serve this country and the world dren. Those who did not perish in the against the repeal of this measure. at large by staying out of this war as much march to the Holy Land were sold into Very truly yours, as possible. BYRON HOUGH, I'm wondering, if the profit motive were slavery-not by the heathen they set Hough Home AppZic;,nce Co. removed, if much of ·our war propaganda out to conquer but by the Christian peo­ wouldn't cease. ples they thought were their allies in the TRousDALE, ·KANS., October 23, 1941. Keep up the good fight. noble but misguided crusade to retake Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, Sincerely yours, the Holy Land. Washington, D. C. OTTo A. EPP. In conclusion, I simply wish to say that DEAR SENATOR: I . am opposed to the joint resolution • • • HUTCHINSON, KANS., which came from the House providing For several Sundays I have listened to your October 27, 1941. for arming our merchant ships and to transcribed talks over the radio. I have also Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, the broadened amendments amounting read your remarks in CONGRESSIONAL RECORD United States Senator, to repeal of the Neutrality Act, which from time to time. You are making a great washington, D. c. have been voted by a majority of one fight; we are for you. Do your b€st. Keep us DEAR MR. CAPPER: I have today's paper be• in the Senate Committee on Foreign from sending our boys to fight on foreign soils. fore me with the full text of your radio ad­ If we only had more men like you in Congress dress last night. Relations. As a member of that com­ this country could come out of these troubled I compliment you on it. The reasons you mittee I opposed that program. times in good shape. Don't let the President give for voting against sending ships into the ' I honestly and firmly bel~eve that the run the whole show. Fight for the rights war zone and repealing the Neutrality Act result of these amendments will be to Congress h·as. In· any event don't' send our ban, in my opinion, are the v~ry best. 8390 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31: I appreciate your continued effort to keep It 1s obvious to us back here at home do not covet for our blood the "bubble Tepu­ us out of war. that our Executive and those high in com­ tation at the cannon's mouth." Yours truly, mand of our Government are endeavoring Very sincerely, PERRY S. WHITE. not only to draw us into the war, but are J. C. RUPPENTHAL. also by devious means gradually tearing DOUGLASS, KANS., October 22~ 1941. down the structure of our transcendent WICHITA, KANS., October 21, 1941. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, form of government under our Constitution .. ARTHUR CAPPER, Washington, D. C. We appeal to you, our representatives in the United States Senator, HaN. MR. CAPPER: According to your state­ Capitol, to use every means at your command Washington, D. C. ment in your paper you are ags,inst the re­ to halt our progress toward a dictatorship in DEAR SENATOR: I wish to make a most vig­ vision of the Neutrality Act. I heartily agree government and involvement in the war orous protest a-gainst that Neutrality Act with you, it being just another step toward abroad. being changed in any way, shape, or form. war. I hope the imps of Satan will not cloud We appeal to you also to oppose any fur­ I especially want to object to it being chiseled your mind ·like so many of our Congressmen ther taxation, and to work for a reduction of so- as to bring about the desired result, 1. e., and the heads of our Nation. those we already have. We ask Jou to op .. changed to allow our ships to enter either I ask, Why can't anything be done to stop pose any attempts of the administration to war zones or English ports. this war madness anci tremendous spend­ gain further seizure powers. I think we have done about enough for ing in Washington? I can suggest a means In our estimation there can be no incidents England and I draw the line at winning her of stopping this. Impeach the President and of sufiicient magnitude to justify America's war for her. ·She declared war on Germany; recall those Senators and Representatives entrance into this war, and we ask you to why don't she start to fight. I am opposed that are playing into his hands. Try them stand adamant against any changes in our to sending our boys to Europe either via th,.e for treason, as they are traitors to our coun­ neutrality laws. . Army or Navy to either win a war for England try, "selling us down the river." I assure you that I speak J10t only for my­ or make history for the new dealers. I hope that you and a few Senators and self and my husband, but also · for many of Yours very truly, Representatives, who still are of a sound our friends with whom we have discussed JoHN CuLP. mind, will ·be more successful in your efforts the issues. You have served .us faithfully for P. S.-Sending ships to war zones means Jn the future. many years and we know that we can depend they will be sunk and ship sinkings means I also hope you will be successful in de­ on you to stand loyal and willing to defend war. War means murder of our boys. I say feating the repeal of the embargo which the rights of your people, but in this time of this thing has gone far enough. prohibits the importing of. fresh meats, as it national crisis we want you to know that we would be the ruination of agriculture in stand behind you in the fight to preserve our precious heritage of freedom and inde­ HAVEN, KANS., October 17, 1941. Kansas and most other States. Bon. ARTHUR CAPPER, Sincerely, pendence,_ which can only be done if we LEOTA STUCKY. stay out of this war. Washington, D. C. Very cordially yours, DEAR SENATOR: May I urge you to continue JESSY MAE COKER. to work for peace, the retention ·of the LAWRENCE, KANS., October 22, 1941. (Mrs. C. L. Coker.) present neutrality law, the keeping of more Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, of our defense materials at home, a curb of Washington, D. C. these unheard-of appropriations, and all DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: A great many people RUSSELL, KANS., October 21, 1941. these other steps that seem to be plunging are still depending on men of such judgment Han. ARTHUR CAPPER, our land headlong into this world conflict? as yours to keep us out of this war. · We are United States Senator, The people of this territory are overwhelm• - completely in sympathy with the countries Washington, D. C. ingly opposed to becoming further involved being over-run by Hitler, and willing to make DEAR SENATOR: As the people Whose blood . in this war that we did not start. Why any sacrifice to help them defend themselves, and treasure ls the spoil of war have not pro­ should we actively participate? I think we except the giving of the lives of our boys. tected themselves against war by means of have already stuck our nose into this con­ We feel that this is not our war at this guaranties of a referendum wheth~r or not to flict too far; so far, in fact, that I believe time unless we make it so, and that the sink­ declare war or to recognize a state of war, that even if we do not become more actively ing of any number of ships owned by Amer­ we must rely upon our Representatives ln engaged, and I pray God that we will not, ica and sailing ip foreign waters, does not Congress not to plunge us into open war, or our people will have a hard economic row justify our entering the war. We would much in anernative to court the destruction that to hoe. rather keep our ships at home even though threattms those who take up the sword. With best wishes in your peaceful endeav­ it cost us great economic loss than to sacri­ Although I have passed the three sc.ore and ors, I beg to remain, fice the lives of our boys. ten, I still have a stake in religion, ln civiliza­ Humbly yours, If the war comes to us--by this 1 mean .if . tion, in the human race. The grievous peril WM. WIESE. we are being attacked at home, I am certain all of these are now in, w111 greatly increase every true American man, woman, and child by United States full entry into a war that GREAT BEND, KANS., September 24, 1941. would be eager to defend our Nation from evidently is intended to give us just two alter­ Bon. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, such an ungodly monster· as Adolf Hitler. natives: Hitler's new order of race-crazed Washington, D. C. Very respectfully, brutality or Anglo-American economic im­ DEAR · SENATOR CAPPER: I believe Whole• MRs. P. EvERETT SPERRY. p~rialism. heartedly :.n favor of this country keeping I still have three sons within war's reach, out of foreign and aggressive wars. my daughter's husband, the husbands of two The President is creating-and almost bas WICHITA, KANS., October 23, 1941. of my granddaughters, I could not ask that accomplished it--a state of war. He will Bon. ARTHUR CAPPER, these or any of them be given sheltered tasks then try to force Congress to declare war. Senator, care of United States Senate, in war so that others may be living sacrifices. To save their face they'll do it, I fear. Washington, D. C. I am not--I never have been averse to sac­ There is no need of all this. You as a DEAR MR. CAPPER: We have been following rifice of life or limb or possessions in a worthy Senator should not follow the President, but current events and propaganda, which seems cause where there is greater probab111ty of oppose his war mongering policies. ~I hope to be engulfing us in another World War. some good resulting than of losing my life. you will take a definite stand and fight to Although it ts not our war, lt seems that But I see not the least probab111ty of a. better keep us out of destruction. The people don't England is waiting for the Canadians and world, or of one as good (or bad) as it has want war l There is no need for it, and we our boys to do their fighting. been, by further steps toward war. We have want you and your colleagues to keep us out. Yeur constituency in Kansas ls expecting gone already much too far. Truly yours, you, by your vote, to keep from sending our I cannot say that I know any American so Mr. and Mrs. HERBERT SCHMIDT. boys to foreign soil to fight. vile that his life is worth less than the good Do not vote to send our boys to foreign soil to mankind that will come. through our na­ We, the undersigned, wish to express our to :ftght and your Kansas constituency will: tional participation in the war. approval of the sentiments expressed in the be solld~y back of you. I feel indeed grateful that the Kansas dele­ letter by Herbert Schmidt: Yours truly, gation has stood as well as they have against Mr. and Mrs. August Fober, Great w. I. CRUM. war and against each step toward war. I Bend, Kans.; Mr. and Mrs. Ed hope they may not weaken. I was grateful Jurgensen, Great Bend, Kans.; SEDAN, KANS., September 29, 1941. that two Kansas Representatives in 1917 held Mrs. Henry W. Schmidt, otis, Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, out against war--even if I and my oldest son Kans.; Henry W. Schmidt, Otis, Washington, D. C. soon after enlisted in the Army. Kans.; Alex Simon, Otis, Kans.; HoNOilABLE Sm: I wish to·· take this means My wife and I trust you most prof.ouncUy Mary C. Simon, Otis, Kans.; Mrs. to comm~nd you on the stand you are· taking to do all you can-and as you have-to hold Palmer U. Schmidt, Albert, Kans.; on national and international issues, . and us back from the fatal maelstrom. Our ktn Palmer U. Schmidt, Albert, Kans.:· to give you what encouragement I can to have been called on and have responded in al­ Jacob Wagner, Bison, Kans.; Mrs. continue the fight to keep · America out of most every conflict from the Indian conflicts Katie M. Wagner, Bison, Kans.: war and to preserve our demooratic govern- in Virginia and ·New England through Revolu­ Mrs. John Hagelgavitz, ' Bison,­ ment. · · tion,· Civil, Spanish, and W,orld Wars. We Kans. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD_:_SENATE 8391 CLAFLIN, KANS., October 9, 1941. States. This, notwithstanding the fact that CONCORDIA, KANS ., October 18, 1941. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, tens of thousands of Christian leaders have Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, Washington, D. C. been brutally slain in Russia, under the United States Senator, DEAR SIR: We, the undersigned citizens of Stalin-Lenin regime and that the tenets of Washi'{tgton, D. C. Barton County, Kans., do strictly protest communism expressly bans all religious life. DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: Just a line to let against the repeal of the Neutrality Act or This religious-freedom stunt was sprung for you know that I am as eager as ever that you any further amendment in the lend-lease the sole purpose of deceiving Christian people do all you can against American participa­ bill. in this country into believing that religious tion in war, whether it be in the Atlantic, We are already in war with the exception .conditions in Russia are not bad and con­ in Europe, or in the Far East. We citizens sequently such Christian people would be must depend on you Members of the United of actual fighting. duped into supporting all-out aid to com­ States Congress to keep us out of war. I The President is already asking us farmers munistic Russia. still firmly believe no good can come from for our trucks. The next thing will be our At a bankers' convention held last week at our entrance into war. Keep up your fight cattle, hogs, and chickens, and finally the Omaha one of the speakers, a noted journal- on the side of peace. land itself-the very same thing what was 1st, said: "If the United States and Russia Sincerely, done in Russia and is done in Germany. And don't quit fooling around, they will get Eng­ EVALYN L. FIELDS. it's all because too much power was given land into this war." For 4 long months more him. than three-fourths of the German manpower ·when a President of a free people is has been hurled at the Russians, who appar­ We, the women of the western district of more concerned about foreign countries than ently are now giving way, but with enormous the General Conference of the Mennonites his own people and country, he is no longer los"ses to the attackers, and yet during this of North America, representing a group 9f capable to be a President of a free people. time Great Britain has not lifted a hand in 1,800 women, assembled in business session Yours truly, the way of putting in the field an effective at Hutchinson, Kans., October 22, sincerely fighting force, which might have rel1eved the and earnestly ask you, the President of the Mr. Alois F. Wondra, Mrs. Antonia United States, to use your influence to keep Wondra, Joe K. Wondra, Redwing, pressure on the Russians. There is just one way of winning a war, and that is to throw the United States out of the present wars Kans.; Mrs. Joe K. Wondra, Red­ into battle enough men properly equipped and to work for the achievement of a just wing, Kans.; Alfred Wondra, Claf­ who are willing to be slaughtered, if necessary, peace. lin, Kans.; Mrs. Alfred Wondra, in order to vanquish the enemy. If there · As mothers and as human beings we desire Claflin, Kans. ever was a time when Britain should have that everything possible should be done to struck a vital blow, it was during these en,d the destruction of human values and months, and time and again frantic appeals the slaughter of men, women, and children CLAY CENTER, KANS., October 14, 1941. that such blows be struck have been made due to war. Han. ARTHUR CAPPER, by the Soviets, but without response. As Christians and as citizens we hold it to United States Senate, I am firmly convinced that the interven­ be for the welfare of our country and also Washington, D. C. tionists and those of our people who have for that of the other peoples of this world MY DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: Apparently an­ become afilicted with war hysteria are more to build up a spirit of good will and friend­ other step toward breaking into the European concerned with the outcome of the war than liness within our Nation toward 'the peoples war is about to be taken by this country. the realistic Britons themselves, who are con­ of other countries, and that immediate steps The administration and its satellites of war­ tented to fight a war so long as the other be taken toward the achievement of a nego­ mongers believe that if a sufficient number people are doing the fighting for them, and tiated peace. of ships under the American flag, carrying we are next on that agenda. Again, we repeat, that we are opposed to American sailors and cargoes, are sunk by I confidently hope that this matter will the entrance of our country into the present wars, that we desire that the vast resources German submarines the people will get mad precipitate a debate where the rear truth will be brought out, and when the people are given of the United States be used to alleviate suf­ enough to fight. It is now proposed to do fering and distress due to these wars, and the very thing that the President in his . that, no matter what may happen in the future, they are not going to be stampeded that we plead to seek an immediate peace. speech last October in speaking on the neu­ lnto this war. Whatever you, our President, will do to trality law said was intended to keep us out Again I want to commend you for hitting achieve these aims we will appreciate deeply. of war. There can be no mistake as to the right from the shoulder in your radio ad­ Since Congress and the President must intent and purpose of repealing the Neutral­ dresses and through your newspapers, which work hand in hand, copies of this petition ity Act piecemeal. I doubt not that even­ makes it possible for you to reach more people are sent to our S.enators and Representa­ tually the thing will be put over just like perhaps than any other Member of the Con­ tives, and we hereby' ask them to also use everything else the President has advocated gress and no one can measure your influence their influence for the accomplishment of the in the past, but it does afford a chance for because the people know that you will tell above aims. a militant minority in Congress to expose the them the truth the way you see the truth. Mrs. GERHARD FRIESEN, racket which is being perpetrated. Sincerely yours, Secretary. From the very beginning the people have OSCAR E. PETERSON. NEWTON, KANS. been deceived and lied to by the leaders who claimed all of the time that they were for WICHITA, KANS., October 29, 1941. peace when as a matter of fact they were HOLTON, KANS., October 2.?, 1941. Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, always for war. We were told that the pas­ DEAR SENATOR CAJ>PER: I listen to your Senate Offices, Washington, D. C. sage of the lend-lease bill, wher~y we be­ broadcasts over WIBW Sunday evenings when­ came the arsenal of democracy,. wotdd keep DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: I want to thank yOU ever I can, and I listened last night, ·and I for your courageous efforts to keep this coun­ us out of war, and with that pledge Congress want. to tell you how much we admire your was evid&ntly fooled into voting for it. Win­ try sane when most of your colleagues are firm stand against this ste~ by step leading riding the bandwagon and beating the drums ston Churchill, on February 9, 1941, in a radio u~ into this war by this administration. address boosting the passage of this mon­ of hate. Would that we had more men in Congress As a mother of two baby boys, I know how strosity, told the people of the country, "Give who had the courage to stand firmly by us the tools and we will finish the job." I much love and care has gone into raising their convictions as you and Mr. LAMBERTSON each of our sailor boys to manhood. I know am convinced in my own mind that the peo­ have. ple of this country have reached the stage of your great heart and am grateful that you We hope your voice will have a great deal will not lightly vote to send our ships into where they see and understand just what is of influence by reason of your service and being done, that they are being tricked and war zones. "Freedom of the seas" is a mean­ experience in Congress, but we fear the out­ Ingless phrase used to gloss over the thought faked into a war that was not of their making. come of this debate now going on, there See the example of Harold Ickes putting on of drowned men and broken families. are so many "yes men" there, also in the I should be about my cooking, b'ut my a side show pretending there was an oil House, who do not seem to have profited any shortage in order to create war hysteria. Ac­ heart aches that our statesmen are rushing by our experience in the last war. Nothing headlong into murder and destruction, from cording to an editorial in your paper, the To­ was settled then and cannot be now by our peka Daily Capital, yesterday, the aluminum which there may be no turning back. Think. boys ·and men giving their lives in Europe's Pray. There must be some other way. drive was another hoax. The aluminum con­ wars. Everyone would be willing to lose tributed cannot be used for airplanes, but is Sincerely, their life if need be in defense of our coun­ Mrs. E. A. HEATH. now piled up in various parts of the country, try in this hemisphere, but, as you know, 80 where it is being destl'oyed and corroded, and percent of the common people, the ones who the whole purpose was to make the house­ have to suffer by losing their loved ones and MINNEAPOLIS, .KANS., October 17, 1941. wives and women of America war-minded. by heavy taxation are against this interfer­ Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, In my judgment, the biggest fake of all ence by deception. Washington, D. C. was sprung a few days ago when the Ameri­ . DEAR MR. CAPPER: W,e do not want section 8, • . or section 2, or any other part of the neu• can people were told, at least by implication, • • • that communistic Russia enjoys religious free­ Yours truly, . trality law repealed. We got it to keep ua dom just like do the people of the United Mr. and Mrs. JOHN BAXTER, out of war. and we want it kept intact. 8392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 3f I can wish that you could see to continue LINCOLN, KANS., October 9, 1941. NEWTON, KANS., October 15, 1941. opposing objectionable measures even though DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: We are Opposed to Hon. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, they become Jaw, because the administration any revision of the Neutrality Act and want Washington, D. c .. will cont.lnue using propaganda and pres­ no undeclared war. We are for all prepara­ DEAR SENATOR: It seems our President in­ sure to get us into 'war, because he knows tions to defend United States and our bOys sists upon the repeal of the Neutrality Act most of you will stay by him when he has to fight for United States in the United which has, up to this time, more than any that accomplished so he doesn't care how States of America. other measure, in my estimation, kept us hard he has to pull to get us in, because he Sincerely, out of the European confltct. If this act is knows that once there, you will most of you Mrs. EMMA BoscH. repealed we are just one step nearer entering help him in his devi11sh schemes and plans. WM. BoscH. the war which by far the majority of the And why will Congress declare war, if it ever American people do not approve. does? Because their constituency have been SYRACUSE, KANS., October 7, 1941. I kindly ask you to use your efforts and propagandized by the administration of Senator ARTHUR E. CAPPER, oppose the repeal of this act, and especially course, to the point that they demand Con­ Washington, D. C. section 6, which now prohibits the arming of gress declare war, or acquies~e in Congress DEAR SIR: Despite all the propaganda for American-flag ships engaged in foreign com­ doing it, under pressure of the administra­ war and helping godless Russia, we are still merce. tion. In such a situation the people, both against it. Yours very truly, for and against, are betrayed by their legis­ Why help one dictator to destroy another? H. E. SuDERMAN, lators as well as the administration. I can . We are losing our liberty and it's high time President. see nothing in such a situation that demands for Congress to act to defend our own country anyone's loyalty. I think Congressman and Constitution. · LAMBERTSON is right. and I would his num­ Sincerely, SALINA, KANS., October 2, 1941. ber were legion. If enough of you would Mrs. JAS. C. GRILLIOT. Senator CAPPER, take his stand, we. the people, would have Washington, D. C. little to worry about. Again 1 say, our first MY DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: Since I am a loyalty is always to the right, and the right GREELEY, KANS., October 5, 1941. member of your constituency, I wish to ex­ does not demand that we go to war under Mr. CAPPER. press my opinion to you concerning our neu­ any circumstances. God help us all to be DEAR Sm: I listen to your weekly message t :·ality law. I am opposed m repealing it true to the right: it is hard, indeed, but life every Sunday, but last Sunday I missed, but because I believe its repeal would be a fac­ will be much harder for us all if we get into nevertheless I am with you 100 percent on tor in getting us into active warfare. this war. Heaven help us! If you were in the defense program. I am opposed to the I hope the Congress of the United States the place of one of these boys, what kind of foreign policy of Mr. Roosevelt; furthermore, will do something to keep us out of that a stand do you think you would want your Mr. Roosevelt is trying to stuff down our terrible European war. Why must the citi­ legislators to take? If our life was hang­ throats that Russia has a constitution like zens of the United States again be fot:ced to ing in the balance, it wouldn't be hard to ours. What next? I think Mr. Roosevelt send their· fine young men to be slaughtered decide. ought to be impeached. I think the war on foreign soil? I send this urgent plea to Since~ely and respectfully, would be over if it wasn't for him. you to do all in your power to keep us out Mrs. OMAR JoYCE. Now he wants to scrap the neutrality bill of war. I think we should keep our neu­ so he can have free sailing; please vote trality law. TEsCOTT, KANS., October 17, 1941. against it. I am for the America First Com­ Yours truly, DEAR SENATORS CAPPER AND REED: We are mittee, and I think Mr. Lindbergh is telling AMANDA NEUSCHWANGER. not in favor of war, and. we are not in favor the truth. of repealing the Neutrality Act. Pleas~ do Hitler wants a new order; we have a new all you can to keep us out of this European deal, and anyone knows what Stalin wants, NoRTH NEWTON, KANs., October 3, 1941. war. We do not want our American boys' namely, a Godless world and himself the dic­ Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, lives lost in this war. tator, and so United States Senate, Washington, D. C. Sincerely, I remain, DEAR MR. CAPPER: You are right; Congress ALBERT PINKENBURG. Respectfully yours, should vote against the repeal or modification Mrs. ALBERT PINKENBURG. ADOLPH EGmY. of the Neutrality Act. If this act was not passed for just a time like this, -then there BEVERLY, KANS., October 26, 1941. was no .sense in passing it. CLAY CENTER, KANS., October 16, 1941. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER: Yours sincerely, DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: I am Writing again Just a few lines to let you know how proud D. H. RICHERT. and I hope I'm not too late. I am still we are to think you are our Senator and the against entering this war. It's not our war, firm stand you are taking in this terrible war and I don't like the way Congress is giving crisis. May: our dear Lord give you wisdom Los ANGELES, CALIF., October 22, 1941. all the power to the President. I would think and strength to be faithful to the end. We Hoh . .ARTHUR CAPPER, we should see results from all the war ma­ had not intended to write any more because United States Senator, Washington, D. C. terial we sent to England. Seems to me Eng­ I saw in the paper where people with German MY DEAR SENATOR: You are to be congratu­ land always promises to help every country names would not be welcome at the Capitol. lated on your stand, which unquestionably is that is attacked by the Nazis, but never gets Our parents were Americans. Thought more the opinion of every 9 out of 10 Americans old there in time. Wouldn't it be better for our of their country than some of the war­ enough to vote. country to make sure that we have enough mongers do. My father was born in Switzer­ It is too bad we do not have a hundred more defense material at home first before we send land; .his name was Oppliger. Oh, how he like you, Senators HIRAM JoHNSON and everything to foreign countries who guaran­ hated war. Before he died he said, "God pre­ WHEELER, as also the few others in our United tee us that we won't be attacked sooner or serve peace between the nations and my States Senate and House of Representatives. later? Let's make the good old United States children." He died December 3, 1913. I am 82 years old. Prior to 1916 I lived in of America safe first. As far as the news goes May all our prayers be "God give us an early Kansas for 30 years, for a number of year& at these days, I don't know what to believe; peace." 1014 South Van Buren, where the library now neither does anybody else. I don't think the Respect~ully, stands, and for years subscribed to and read common people like myself are supposed to MR. and MRs. 0. H. STEINHEMS. your Topeka Daily Capitol. There are a lot know. I am oppOsed to arming our merchant of we Kansans out here and we ale all behind ships and the Neutrality Act is revised too ALTON, KANS., September 30, 1941. you, and behind our Ron. HIRAM JoHNSON, much already. The first thing we know our DEAR SENATOR CAPPER: We all are aware Of but we realize you are up against pretty dic­ boys are supposed to fight somebody else's the critical situation before our country. As tatorial powers and a hard fight. for you few war. I say keep our boys at home. an American citizen I am asking you to do all gentlemen to combat. Yours, that you can to prevent Congress from gradu­ It seems to me, in fact all of us, if the Gov­ JOHN A. BURGER. ally passing legislation which shall eventu­ ernment would fight to keep its able man­ ally cause our country to become actively a power in jobs, with especial stress on employ­ HUTCHINSON, KANS., October 15, 1941. belligerent in the present war. ment of men who fought :tor this country in To Senator Arthur L. Capper and all Kansas I truly believe we stand to lose by going to the World War ot 22 years ago, instead of Representatives. war. I am very much opposed to our going casting them aside as too old because they DEAR SIRS: I am asking you to invoke the across the sea to fight. In fact, I am op­ are in the forties and early fifties, our country legality of the Neutrality. Act and under no posed to the killing of men as a .means of would be less subject to future alarm, espe­ circumstances repeal section 6 of the Neu­ attempting to settle disputes between na- · cially when billions are being sp€nt, with vast trality Act of November 4, 1939, which pro­ tions. Please use your vote and influence sums leaving our shores never to be repaid. hibits the arming of American-fiag ships en­ to keep us from actually declaring war now Your stand is a most honored one and our gaged in foreign commer.ce. and in the future. hearts are with you. Respectfully, Sincerely yours, Most cordially yours, Mrs. ANNA B. VANDYKE. KENNETH BARTHOLOMEW, FRANK E. BROOKS. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8393 TESCOTT, KANS., October 18, 1941. BARTLESVILLE, OKLA., October 28, 1941. promises, and in contempt of existing law Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, MTHUR CAPPER, Esq., and the Congress of the United States, Washington, D. C. Senate Office Building, President Roosevelt is personally respon­ DEAR SENATO.R CAPPER: We strongly urge Washington, D. C. sible for whatever life may have been you to invoke the legality of the Neutrality DEAR SENATOR: Because I believe that our Act and under no circumstances repeal sec­ country is in danger of being taken further lost; and his disregard for representa­ tion 6 of the Neutrality Act of November 4, into the military and political struggle in­ tive government constitutes a greater 1939, which prohibits the arming of Ameri­ volving other hemispheres, I feel called upon threat to democracy than war itself. can-fiag ships engaged in foreign commerce. to appeal to you for your best possibl~ efforts The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Guns mean shoo~ing, and shooting means to forestall the move. · question is on agreeing to the committee war, and war means the lives of cur Ameri­ I urge your untiring opposition to any at­ amendment. can boys. We do not want war and should tempt to revise the Neutrality Act which Congress, in peacetime, enacted fo.· protection Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, the not have interfered In foreign affairs. Please other day I made a statement on the do all in your power to prevent war. of the interests of America if war should come Yours respectfully, abroad. I feel strongly that the attltude of floor of the Senate with reference to Ray­ Mrs. FRED LEIVE. mind of the Congress has not changed since mond Clapper, in which I stated that he that enactment ar.d am fully satisfied that had been registered with the State De­ the mi:r:.d of the majority of citizens has not partment as a British agent. Mr. Clap­ WicHITA, KANs., October 18, 1941. changed in regard to this act. per came to see me and wrote me a letter. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, Whatever the final action of the Senate, I sincerely hope you will do your utmost to see The letter is dated October 29, 1941, and Washington, D. C. reads as. follows: MY DEAR SIR: With all the propaganda con­ that unlimited debate is had on the bill. cerning our Nation and the war situation, it Respectfully yours, SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEW.SPAPER ALLIANCE, seems proper that you as our representative P. E. LoYE. Washington, D. C., October 29, 1941. should know that at least a portion of the MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Hon. BURTON K. WHEELER, people still think for themselves and do not Committee on Interstate Commerce, approve of many of the things Which have Messages in writing from the President United States Senate, been done by the votes of our representa­ of the United States were communicated Washington, D. c. tives. to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his MY DEAR SENATOR WHEELER: In the CoN­ Especially the tre:tJ.d toward the declaration SE'cretaries. GRESSIONAL RECORD Of October 28, page 8291, of war is not approved by many; . also the you are reported as saying that I have been stand taken by the Legion in their convell'­ MODIFICATION OF NEpTRALITY ACT registered with the State Department as a tion is felt to be highly influenced and not a British agent and that thereafter the tenor The Senate resumed the consideration of my articles changed completely. fair representation of the World war of the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 237) to veterans. I am sure that you do not wish to make an repeal section 6 of the Neutrality Act of unfounded charge against my integrity as a Personally, it is felt that our representa­ 1939, and for other purposes. newspaperman. tive should be for the people and not be led Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, today we Reference to the facts will show that both by one man or a bloc of men, as seems to be of your statements are incorrect. the situation in Congress at present. heard with much concern the announce­ Reuben James. Last December, at the request of the Sincerely, ment of the sinking of the United Feature Syndicate, which distributes Mrs. RAY GALYON, said to be somewhere west of Iceland. my daily column, I agreed to write 12 weekly Federated Club and Church Member. We can have only the greatest sympathy articles for the London Daily Mail. Upon for the families of any men who may inquiry at the State Department I was in­ SOLOMON, KANS. October 6, 1941. have been killed or wounded in this at­ formed that this contract should be regis­ Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, tack. There are no finer men in all the tered under the law, which was done. The United States Congress, world than the men of the United States articles were completed on schedule, and that was the end of the arrangement. I have had Washington, D . c. Navy. If any died in the sinking of the no other arrangement of any kind before or HoNORABLE SxR: We are told that the Presi­ Reuben James, they died in the perform­ since with any foreign newspaper or any dent has spoken, and that now national unity ance of their duty, carrying out the orders other foreign agency or government. demands that everybody must abandon all under which they were acting. Those As to the statement that my views were opposition to involvement in the war. orders were given by the President of the affected by this arrangement, you have only We Americans are the real masters here, United States, acting as Commander in to read what I wrote at the time of the fall we, through our Representatives in Congress, Chief of the Navy. of France in the summer of 1940 and on many make the laws. We lay out the course to be other occasions over the last 2 years. to see followed. This is a government of the people, Mr. President, when the lend-lease bill that there is no truth in that. · for the people, and by the people. was enacted into law last spring we were Sincerely yours, We Americans will do our duty; we expect assured that it would not permit con­ RAYMOND CLAPPER. and demand that the President will do his voying. We were told time and again duty. His duty is determined not by his own that convoys were not contemplated and Let me say that when the matter was whim or choice but by our Constitution and that our ships would not be used for that called to my attention I checked on it laws enacted by Congress. purpose. Yet our ships have been en­ and found that he was registered at the Article I reserves to Congress the power to gaged in convoying and have been or­ State Department under the terms of the declare war, grant letters of marque and law .which requires persons representing reprisal, and make rules concerning capture dered by the President to hunt down fore1g~ governments or foreign principals on land and water. and sink the ships of another nation The people expect their Senators and Con­ with which we are not legally at war. to register. He was registered at the gressmen will not abdicate their responsibility. Those orders were given without the State Department, to the effect that he The people are overwhelmingly opposed· to knowledge or consent of Congress. had a foreign principal. entering present war. They expect and de­ The Gree1· was shot at while running I call attention to the fact that it is mand that Congress will enact suitable legis­ down a submarine that was trying to well known that during the last war the lation to control and regulate our merchant escape. The Kearny was torpedoed while British Government admittedly spent shipping, and our Army and Navy, that our convoying ships carrying materials of thousands of dollars in the United States. Nation will not be involved in the war. Reuben I think the amount which was spent on We respect the words of the President. But war to a belligerent nation. The our fealty is not in his words but to the words James was sunk-so we are told-while propaganda in the United States was of that great document which the President on convoy duty somewhere west of something like $250,ooo: I had previously was required to swear solemnly to support and Iceland. put into the RECORD a letter from a news­ uefend before he assumed the duties of his Had the President of the United States paperman from Missouri, who at that office. To suggest that It is our obligation to and members of his Cabinet kept their time was running a daily newspaper follow a leader silently and blindly is un­ promises no men of the United States stating that he was offered free news~ American. It is the President who must fol­ Navy aboard those ships would now lie print paper provided he would go along low the rules laid down for him by the people with the British propaganda. He .was in their Constitution and in their statutes. rotting on the floor of the ocean. It is Other countries may have their leaders or time to place the responsibility for those told that arrangements had been made dictators; but we do not want that kind of deaths squarely where it belongs and to through Lord Beaverbrook to turn over imported foreign. unity in this country. stop making apologies and excuses for newsprint paper in Canada in order that Sincerely, those who do not deserve them. By or­ it might be given to newspaper owners MARGARET MARTIN, dering convoys in spite of his repeated in this country, and that all he had to do LXXXVII--530

• 8394 CONGRES_SIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 was to take the matter up with the house Mr. O'MAHONEY. Will the Senator It is all very well to find out how much of Morgan in New York. yield for another question? . propaganda is being carried on in this · That statement has never been denied Mr. WHEELER. I yield. country by Russia; but try to find out by any one. I placed in the RECORD the Mr. O'MAHONEY. Do I also cor­ how much propaganda is being carried letter from the newspaper man in Mis­ rectly understand from what the Sen­ on by England to take this country into souri. Upon inquiry from Senators from ator from Montana has stated that the war. It cannot be done; it is impossible. that State I am told that he is a reputa­ opinions which Mr. Clapper now ex­ Mr. JOHNSON of California. Why? ble man whose integrity is undoubted. presses in his column were adopted by Mr. WHEELER. I cannot tell why, Newspapermen who write columns are him before he entered into the contract because I cannot read what is in the in a sense editors. They publish their to which reference has been made? minds of others. columns day after day in the newspapers. Mr. WHEELER. That is what Mr. Mr. JOHNSON of California. But is it If they are representing any foreign gov­ Clapper says in his letter, and that is the fault of the Senate? ernment-! do not care whe' her it be the reason I asked that his letter be Mr. WHEELER. Yes; it is the fault of Brazll, Argentina, or England, or news­ placed in the RECORD, in fairness to Mr. the Senate; and it is the fault of the pap.Brs in those countries-they ought to Clapper. Committee to Audit and Control the Con­ tell the public in their columns that they Mr. O'MAHONEY. So, there is no tingent Expenses of the Senate, which are representing a foreign government, inference properly to be drawn from will not permit the resolution to be re­ so that the people may know whether what the Senator has said that he be­ ported. they are on the pay roll of a foreign lieves Mr. Clapper has been in any way Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will government or have a principal in some aff-ected by the contract? the Senator yield? foreign country. Mr. WHEELER. · I would not say he Mr. WHEELER. I yield. Newspaper editors or columnists in the has in anywise been affected. I am Mr. BARKLEY. The resolution which United States ought not to be taking simply stating what Mr. Clapper him­ evidentJy is in the mind of the Senator money from English newspapers or from self says. from Montana is not before the Com­ any foreign government, no matter what A person's mind may be influenced mittee to Audit and Control the Contin­ government it may be. If a newspaper­ consciously or unconsciously, but if it is gent Expenses of the Senate. In the last. man in this country were writing a col­ influenced unconsciously just as much Congress such a resolution was submitted umn and it should be ascertained that he harm is done as if it were influenced con­ by the Senator from Missouri [Mr. was on the pay roll of a newspaper in sciously. After all, in this life it is our CLARK] • . Germany, he would be hounded from one environment which to very great extent Mr. WHEELER. Yes. end of the country to the other. Yet guides us in our a.ctions from day to day. Mr. BARKLEY. It was originally sub- under .our neutrality laws he would have I am not charging that Mr. Clapper ' mitted while the fight over the repeal of a perfect right to act in that way. In the was influenced by the contract. He says the Embargo ·Act was going on in the minds of a great many persons in the he . was not influenced by it, either di­ Senate. The Committee on Foreign Re­ United States it is perfectly all right for rectly or indirectly, and I assume his lations had jurisdiction of it just as it had them to represent British newspapers and statement to be correct. jurisdiction of the resolution now pend­ write columns for them. . Mr. O'MAHONEY. That is all I ing before the Senate. · · I have always had a great admiration wanted to make clear. That resolution was reported by the for Mr. Clapper; and I cannot conceive Mr. WHEELER. Yes; I assume it to Committee on Foreign Relations. It that he would knowingly let his column­ be correct; and in justice to Mr. Clapper went to the Committee to Audit and Con­ be influenced by the fact that he had re­ I wanted to have his letter placed in the trol the Contingent Expenses of the Sen­ ceived money from a British newspaper. RECORD. ate, under the chairmanship of the then I call attention to the fact that there was However, my attention was called to Senator from South Carolina, now Mr. a time when his column was decidedly the fact that, instead of $250,000, as I Justice Byrnes. against war and decidedly for keeping said awhile ago, it was admitted that Mr. WHEELER. It does not make any this country out of war. Then all of a during the last war the British spent difference who was chairman of the com­ sudden it changed. over $150,000,000 on propaganda in tl:ie mittee. I am simply saying that it can­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will United States for the purpose of getting not get out of the Committee to Audit the Senator yield us into the war. I do not know how and Control the Contingent Expenses of Mr. WHEELER. I yield. much money they are spending at the the Senate. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Do I correctly present time in the United States, but I know that in the United States they Mr. BARKLEY. The Committee to understand from the letter which the Audit and Control the Contingent Ex­ Senator has just read that Mr. Clapper have spent and are spending money for propaganda, and have openly and ad­ penses of the Senate did not report it. for was requested by the United Feature action by the Senate. The Senate took Syndicate to write a series of 12 articles mittedly done so. Some of their repre­ sentatives openly admit it; and I think no action to compel the committee to re- for the London Daily Mail? it was on the floor of one of the Houses . port the resolution. The Senate -always Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. of Parliament a short time ago that the has control of its committees, if it de­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. And that he has statement was made that at this par­ sires to exercise such control. completed that contract? ticular time they have to carry on more The resolution submitted by the Sen­ Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. effective propaganda in the United ator from Missouri during the last Con­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Those articles States. gress was again submitted at this ses­ were to be printed in London and not in We have tried to get an investigation sion in January. The Senator from Ok­ this country? by the Senate, not only to show whether lahoma [Mr. LEE] also submitted a reso­ Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. British propaganda is being carried on lution of similar import. Both resolu­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator does here, but to show how much paid propa­ tions were referred to the Committee on not imply, does he, that that contract ganda in the United States is being Foreign Relations; and early in January had anything to do with the expressions carried on by Germany, how much is the committee at one of its meetings had of opinions contained in the column being carried on by 'Russia, and how its attention brought to the fact that the which Mr. Clapper writes for American much is being carried on by England. resolutions were pending before it. The newspapers? But, Mr. President, do you suppose we committee declined to act, for reasons . Mr. WHEELER. I assume not. He could get such an investigation? Cer­ . which the majority of the committee says it did not, 2.nd I am willing to take tainly not. I understand that the Com­ thought were wise at that time, and his word for it. But I call attention to merce Committee, or one of the other which I thought were wise, and I voted the fact that, in my judgment, it is an standing committees of the Senate, with the majority of the committee to extremely bad practice for newspaper voted to report a resolution providing for refer the resolutions to a subcommittee, eolumnists to be representating some such an investigation, but it has never which was done. other government. As I told Mr. Clap­ been possible to get it out of the Com­ I think both the committee felt and per himself, I do not think such practice mittee to Audit and Control the Con- the Senate felt, -at the time, that the Sen­ is proper. . tingent Expenses of the Senate. ate- and the country faced a situation

• 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8395 which would not be aided by trying to country into war or for keeping it out of Mr. WHEELER. I am interested in the find out who was doing the most propa­ war. We ought to know, and the Amer­ expenditure of money on the part of any gandizing. ican people ought to know. government to affect the action of the I think we might admit that England Mr. BARKLEY. I am perfectly willing Government of the United State~> or the has been doing propagandizing-not only fo~ the American people to know not only people of the United States. in this war, but also in the last war. how much money has been spent by any Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. But so has Germany. Prior to our entry foreign country or any foreign citizens President-- into the last war we had to ask for the re­ but also how much money has been spent Mr. WHEELER. I yield to the Senator call of the German Ambassador because and is being spent ·by any organizations from California. he was using the German embassy as a or individuals in the United States either Mr. JOHNSON of California. The only focus for the dissemination of German to get us into war or to keep us out of reason I made the inquiry I did was be­ propaganda. And even in this war our war. cause I could not understand how it was Government has been compelled to ask Mr. WHEELER. So afn I, and I am possible for these resolutions to be be­ the G€rman Government to recall certain perfectly willing that the Senate should fore the Senate and the Senate take no of its consular representatives because­ investigate every single organization to action upon them. not only were they guilty of propagandiz­ find out how-much money is being spent Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator from ing, but they were using German con­ by foreign countries or by the people of California is an honored and highly re­ sulates to foster and foment in the United this country to get us into the war. I spected member of the Committee on States enterprises and activities deemed am perfectly willing to see, indeed I Foreign Relations. I am not certain, but inimical to our Government. should like to see an investigation of the I think he was present at a meeting of So there is nothing before the Com­ propaganda· which is being put out not the committee when the two resolutions. mittee to Audit and Control the Contin­ only by various organizations but by the mentioned by me awhile ago were brought gent Expenses of the Senate. If the Sen­ motion-picture industry itself. When I up. ator from Montana wishes to criticize speak of that I call attention to the testi­ · Mr. JOHNSON of California. Never. the committee he can level his criticisms mony which was given the other day in a Mr. BARKLEY. If he was aware of at the Committee on Foreign Relations, trial taking place in New York, I think, the action, he could have opposed that which has not acted upon the resolu­ where Bioff said that the motion-picture action and had a right to do so. tions. interests gave $200,000 to some repre­ Mr. JOHNSON of California. I was not · Mr. WHEELER. Regardless of the sentative of a committee of the House of present; I do not know anything about committee which has the resolution, I say Representatives that was investigating that. that the people of our country ought to propaganda some years ago. · Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator says he know whether money is being spent in Mr. BARKLEY. I think the Senator was not there. the United States to try to get this coun­ misunderstood the testimony. Mr. JOHNSON of California. How try into war, whether on the side of Ger­ Mr. WHEELER. I read it in the New long ago was it? many, Russia, or England. The Ameri­ York Times. Perhaps they were wrong Mr. BARKLEY. It was early in Janu­ can people have a right to know where about it. ary of this year. the propaganda is coming from, how the Mr. BARKLEY. That is where I read Mr. JOHNSON of California. No; I money is being spent, and who is spend- it, but the statement of the witness was was not present, and I know nothing ing it. · not that he paid somebody $200,000 in about it. So far as I am concerned, all I am regard to propaganda, but because there Mr. BARKLEY. There was a quorum interested in is keeping this country out was legislation pending. present of members of the committee. of European wars. The way. to do it is Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. Mr. JOHNSON of California. Very to stop the insidious propaganda which Mr. BARKLEY. The witness was not well; there may have been a quorum pres­ is being paid for either by Russian gold, honest enough or fair enough to tell to ent, and it may have been that the Sena­ English gold, or German gold. whom the money was paid, but left a tor actually participated in the quorum, Mr. BARKLEY. Does the Senator sort of smirch upon anybody who hap­ but I do not know. from Montana know of any persons in pens to be a Member of the House of Mr. BARKLEY. Yes; I was present. the United States who have received a.ny Representatives or any other legislative Mr. JOHNSON of California. Does the English gold, Russian gold, or German body. Senator recall that the resolutions came gold as compensation for anything they Mr. WHEELER. I think the Senator up and were refused consideration? have done or said or as compensation for did not read it right, or I did not, be­ Mr. BARKLEY. I recall the resolu­ any articles they have written, or any cause the name of one of the investigators tions came up, I am not certain at pres­ organizations that have been promoted? was mentioned. I have forgotten what ent whether a motion was made to report Does the Senator have any information his name was. either one of them, but they both came as to who has received money or gold? Mr. BARKLEY. But there was no up and were referred to a subcommittee Mr. WHEELER. I have not said that reference to any Member of the House of Representatives. · of the Committee on Foreign Relations. anyone has received any. Mr. JOHNSON of California. Oh! Mr. BARKLEY. No; the Senator has Mr. WHEELER. I did not say there Mr. BARKLEY. And, so far as I know, not named anyone. was reference to any Member of the they have never been brought up since Mr. WHEELER. No. House of Representatives, but to the rep­ in the committee. Mr. BARKLEY. But he is intimating resentative of one of the committees of that someone has received money. the House, and the witness mentioned Mr. JOHNSON of California. Well, let Mr. WHEELER. -An I say to the Sen­ the name Garsson, as I recall, or some us bring them up. ator from Kentucky is that the English such name as that. That was the sworn Mr. BARKLEY. All right; the Senator themselves admitted that during the last testimony by this man Bioff. I hold no can bring up anything he wants to bring war they spent· $156,000,000 for propa­ brief for Bioff; I do not know anything up; he can bring them up at any time. ganda in the United States. about the matter, and on the face of Mr. JOHNSON of California. Well, let Mr. BARKLEY. Have the Germans things he is a crook; but, notwithstand­ us do it here, now. admitted how much they spent? ing the fact that he is a crook for accept­ Mr. BARKLEY. It is all right on the Mr. WHEELER. No; but I presume ing bribes, the men who gave him the floor to say "let us bring them up," but, the Germans have spent it; I presume the bribes are just as crooked and just as for 9 months, they have been in the com­ Russians have spent it; I presume the guilty as the man who accepted them. mittee and nobody has asked that they English have spent it; and I presume Mr. BARKLEY. Of course, I am not be brought up, not even the Senai.or from that other countries have spent it. Re­ undertaking to pass upon the trial which California. gardless of what country has spent it, is going on in New York, but it is not my Mr. JOHNSON of California. I submit I say that the people of our country ought understanding that that trial in any way I did not know they were brought up; to know, and the Senate of the United revolves around propaganda; and it is not the Senator knew it. States ought to expose how the money is my understanding that it has anything to Mr. BARKLEY. I did, and the Senator being spent, whether it is for getting the do with it. would have known it had he been there. 8396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 Mr. JOHNSON of California. The Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator is a out any order or instructions or authority Senator from Kentucky knew it and he great scholar, and I am sure he is speak­ from the Senate-that it will investigate permitted them to languish in the Com­ ing now as Pickwick again. not only foreign propaganda, not only mittee on Foreign Relations all this time. Mr. JOHNSON of California. No; I how much money has been spent by Ger­ Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator says I am not speaking as Pickwick. I am many or England or Russia, if they have permitted them "to languish." I voted to · speaking as a poor, miserable individual spent any, but how much has been spent, refer them to the subcommittee which who is a Member of this body and who and who got it, by any organization in was appointed by the then chairman of has little influence in it; but who would the United States which is actively under­ the committee at that time. like to see every country on earth that taking to influence legislation and influ­ Mr. JOHNBON of California. Now, is today is paying for propaganda to influ­ ence the attitude of the Government of there anything unfair in my saying, un­ ence the action of the United States held the United States. der those circumstances, that the Senator up to the public obloquy and scorn of Mr. JOHNSON of California. Abso­ and I will bring them up? the people of the United States. [Man­ lutely. Oh, if we could only do that, and Mr. BARKLEY. Well, the Senator can ifestations of applause in the galleries.] if · we could only develop the individuals make any prediction or any promise he Mr. WHEELER. I thank the Senator. who have spent it, and if we could only wants to make for himself, but he will I wish to say that I did not know that develop the amount of propaganda that not commit me on it. such a resolution was now pending be­ has been paid for by Great Britain in this Mr. JOHNSON of California. That is fore the Foreign Relations Committee, country. not the question. The question is I can­ but I do know that all during the last Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator em­ not get it up or any_thing else up without session one was before the Committee to phasizes Great Britain, but why does he the ~onsent of the Senator from Ken­ Audit and Control the Contingent Ex­ not emphasize the fact that the Govern­ tucky, as he knows. penses of the Senate, after havlng been ment of the United States had to drive a Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator is, of passed out of another committee; it was German consul out of .,he United States course, mistaken about that, because I called up on the floor of the Senate, and because of his own propaganda and the have no more influence than he has. I we inquired about it, time and time again. use of his own consulate, and that from am only one Member, and my vote counts but we never could get any action on it. here he went to South America in order for no more than his. This time, apparently, it is before the that he might be active there, and that Mr. JOHNSON of California. It does. Foreign Relations Committee. A sub­ from South America he went to China, Mr. BARKLEY. No; the Senator is committee has been appointed, but noth­ or Japan, or somewhere else? paying me too high a compliment or is ing has been done about it. Mr. JOHNSON Qf California. Yes; we doing me an injustice. I agree exactly with the Senator from drove him out of the United States; did Mr. JOHNSON of California. The California [Mr. JOHNsoN]. He stated, in we not? Senator from Kentucky is the leader of more eloquent terms than I could, the Mr. BARKLEY. Well, he left. the dominant party of the Senate; his reasons why this propaganda should be Mr. JOHNSON of California. We -word goes far; mine does not; but to­ shown up. I call attention to the fact, drove him out? gether, the little way that mine goes, as I have done before on the floor of the Mr. BARKLEY. Yes. might furnish the edge by which we could Senate, that Sir George Paish came over Mr. JOHNSON of California. Does take up these two resolutions. Let us here and openly boasted that the propa­ Lord Halifax sit in this city at present, take them up. Will the Senator agree ganda was going to start again in the driving out anybody else? to do that? United States and said that it was going Mr. BARKLEY. Lord Halifax d!d not Mr. BARKLEY. I will make the Sen­ to roll up like the waves of the ocean. drive this man out; and if Lord Halifax ator no commitment on that. I will be We have seen it happ2n right here in sat anywhere near the consultations that governed by what I think the situation this country. We have seen, as a result, resulted iri his expulsion, I have no in­ justifies if they are ever brought out of every means and agency of prop:1ganda formation about it. the committee. . However, I will say to started on its way in the United States. Mr. JOHNSON of California. Neither the Senator now that I do not desire to Yet here in the Senate of the United have I. I have no information about it, shirk any responsibility, and if I had been States we are unable to get an investi­ but I see his activities daily in the public called upon to vote in January on either gation. press, and I see his handiwork daily in the or both the resolutions, as to whether The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. public press, and I, therefore, have a right they should have been reported to the BARKLEY] is the majority leader, a man to conclude that he is doing his duty as Senate, I should have voted against such whom we all respect. All he has to do an ambassador and as the representative action, because I felt the committee had is to say the word, and that resolution o.f Great Britain. more important business to transact than will come out of the committee. There Mr. McFARLAND obtained the floor. to find out who is doing the most propa­ is not anybody upon the floor of the Mr. HOLMAN. Mr. President- gandizing in the United States in the in­ Senate who does not know that if the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will ternational situation; and if I think the Senator from Kentucky would say the the Senator from Arizona yield to me for same condition exists when the resolu­ word tha resolution would be reported a moment? tions are brought up again, I will vote the out, and we would get an investigation. Mr. McFARLAND. I yield to the Sen­ same way. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, the ator from Kentucky. Mr. JOHNSON of California. The Senator from Montana [Mr. WHEELER] Mr. BARKLEY. Referring to the re­ Senator might change his mind. is net a member of the Committee on marks made a moment ago by the Sen­ Mr. BARKLEY. If I should change Fore:gn Relations, and he probably does ator from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN], I wish my mind I will vote accordingly. I will not know that every member of that simply to make an observation. say to the Senator that whenever I find committee is a strong individualist who It seems to me the Senator from Ver­ I am wrong I am perfectly willing to has his own beliefs and asserts them, and mont rather unfairly sought to lay upon change my mind; and, in that respect, I votes as he please3. the shoulders of the President of the differ a great deal from some of my col­ It is all right for Senators to try to United States personally the responsibil­ leagues. shove on my shoulders the responsibility ity for the death of the men on the Mr. JOHNSON of California. Oh, do for lack of action in the committee. I Reuben James, which was attacked last not say that, please. I do not want to am willing to assume my part of it; but night, presumably by a German subma­ contradict the Sanator; I would not want· I am not entirely responsible for the rine. \Ve have not received the full de­ to do that. attitude of all the members of the com­ tails of that incident. Nobody knows Mr. BARKLEY. If the Senator does mittee on that subject, any more than exactly what happened, except that the . not want to do it, d·o not do it. on any other subject. But whenever an destroyer was west of Iceland and was Mr. JOHNSON of California. I will investigation is ordered by the Senate of attacked. not contradict him, but to tell the Sen­ the United States-and I hope that if I am not -going into a discussion of ate-well, I will not repeat it; it is really there is one it will be ordered by the the merits of the controversy over our a terrible thing to tell the Senate what Senate, and not carried on, as some other occupation of Iceland. The President of the Senator from Kentucky did. investigations have been carried on, with- the United States, I think with the over- 1941 . CONGRESSIONAL R·ECORD-SENATE 839·7 whelming approval of the American Mr. WHEELER. I thought the Sena­ to influence me in that regard, or in people, and with the overwhelming ap­ tor from Oregon [Mr. HoLMAN] had the respect to any other matter. proval of the Members of Congress, who fioor. · · Mr. WHEELER. I thank the Senator. represent the people, sent a contingent Mr. AIKEN. May the Senator from I picked out five members of the Com­ of our forces to Iceland in order that the Vermont have an opportunity to reply mittee on Interstate Commerce, and I German Reich, or Hitler's forces, might for just 1 minute to what has been said never knew how one single member of not be in a position to take possession of by the Senator from Kentucky? that committee stood with reference to Iceland and use it as a jumping-off place Mr. McFARLAND. I wish to use only the proposed investigation. I followed to the Western Hemisphere. I realize a minute, Mr. President, and then I will the practice which has always been fol­ that that action was a matter of contro­ yield. lowed in the Committee on Interstate versy, and it was an action about which The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Commerce since I have been a member sincere and earnest men may disagree; Senator from Arizona has been recog­ of it. but certainly the President of the United I call to the attention of the Senator nized. from Kentucky the fact that when the States had more right to take that ac­ Mr. McFARLAND. I wish to make a tion, and to announce that anything west coal investigation resolution was offered very brief observation. by the Senator from California [Mr. of Iceland was a portion of the Atlantic The Senator from Montana referred to Ocean that constituted the defensive JoHNSON], Senator Watson, of Indiana, movie propaganda. I desire to say to the was the Chairman of the Committee on waters of the United States than Hitler Senator from Montana, as he well knows, had to take a map and pencil and draw Interstate Commerce, and I was a new that a subcommittee was appointed by member of the committee. Senator an area 1,600 miles one way and 1,500 him to determine whether there should miles another way and announce to the Watson called before the committee, or b~ an investigation of this kind. When world that ships could not come in there. a subcommi-ttee, witnesses to testify as these matters are referred to commit­ to whether an investigation should be We all recognize the fact that an effec­ tees, there first must appear, and should tive blockade is something recognized by recommended by the committee iself. appear, a necessity for an investigation Again, when I offered the railroad in .. international law, and always has been; before the United States Senate spends but in -order to be a legal blockade it vestigation resolution, at the instance .a large sum of money for an investiga­ of some of the Government agencies, I must be effective. That means that the tion. It is not for me to prejudge the nation invoking the blockage must be called before the committee, or a sub­ matter and say what the subcommittee committee thereof, witnesses to testify in a position to keep ships out. It must should do, or what the United States Sen­ be an effective blockade by which ships as to whether they thought an investiga­ ate should do, until the subcommittee tion should be had. We called before cannot enter the ports of the enemy. makes a report. This so-called blockade of northern Eu­ the committee Jesse Jones, we called rope by Hitler has not been effective. It I consider it easy to make a charge before the committee Mr. Kennedy, who is merely a blockade drawn on a map; against an industry, and to say that this was then head of the S. E. C. we called and the President of the United States, individual or that industry is using prop­ before us witnesses from New' York and when he sent our forces to Iceland and aganda and making propaganda for one from other places, to testify as to the when he ordered our ships to protect thing or another, but it is another thing necessity of the propo!)ed investigation. the waters between Iceland and the to prove it. · Time and time again we have done the United States as a part of the defensive Mr. President, if we should start out to same thing. The same practice was fol­ waters of this country, was not acting investigate everyone who is using propa­ lowed by the Committee on Agriculture in his personal capacity, but was acting ganda, we would be investigating quite and Forestry some years ago when there in his capacity as President of the United a few Members of the United States Sen­ was before the committee the question States. He acted officially. ate. as to whether we should investigate the I accord to the Senator from Vermont Mr. HOLMAN obtained the floor. cotton-textile industry, and the condi­ [Mr. AIKEN] full sincerity. I have re­ Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, if the tions among the employees in the mills. spected him since he has been a Member Senator from Oregon will yield to me for The Senator from South Carolina [Mr. of this body, and I hold him in the high­ a moment I should like to say a word in SMIT!!1 appointed a subcomiD:ittee, and est esteem. Just because this incident reply to what the Senator from Arizona hearmgs were ·held on the question has occurred, however, and we have only has stated, and I want to say it.for the whether there should be an investigation. been able to see the headlines, without. benefit of the Senator from Kentucky as In the Committee on Education and well, for I caught in his remarks some­ Labor, the La Follette committee, exactly getting full information regarding it-1 the same practice was followed. doubt if the Navy itself has the details­ thing he intended for me. I want to cor­ it does not seem to me that it is fair to rect an impression which seems to have But when we come to touch the movie been given. industry, it is one of the most powerful the American people for a Senator to and, I say advisedly, one of the most rise in his place here and charge the When the resolution was offered in the corrupt industries in the United States President- of the United States personally Senate, and was referred to the Commit­ today. If there is any question upon that with responsibility for the death of these tee o~ Interstate Commerce, providing issue, I am prepared to bring statements men, if any of them have died. It might for an inquiry as to whether there should before the Senate showing it to be true, as well be said that Woodrow Wilson was be an investigation of the movie indus­ though I have no desire to do that. personally responsible for the death of try, and propaganda by it, I appointed Mr. AIKEN and Mr. PEPPER addressed every man who went down to a watery a subcommittee for the express purpose the Chair. grave during the World War, or for the the Senator from Arizona bas indicated, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the death of every man who died on the field to have the subcommittee determine Senator from Oregon yield, and, if so, to of battle, or for the death of every man whether there was any probability or whom? who was killed in our expedition into possibility or likelihood that an investi­ Mr. HOLMAN. I decline to yield fur­ Mexico. It might as well be said that tion should be conducted by the Senate ther. any President who ordered troops, either of the United States. Mr. AIKEN. Will not the Senator yield naval or military, into any area where So far as I am concerned, I have not to me? they might subject• themselves to risk, attempted to influence either the Sen­ Mr. HOLMAN. I will surrender the was personally responsible for their ator from Arizona or any other member :floor. death. of the subcommittee or of the full com­ Mr. AIKEN. I withdraw my request. I am sure that upon reflection the Sen­ mittee. Mr. HOLMAN. May I proceed? ator from Vermont does not wish to Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, will The PRESIDING OFFICER. The convey the impression which his words the $enator permit me? Chair recognizes the Senator from Ore­ conveyed a while ago in the remarks Mr. WHEELER. Certainly. gon. which he made. . ' Mr. McFARLAND. If the Senator Mr. HOLMAN. Mr. President, I re­ Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President-- from Montana ·,.mderstood me to inti­ quest that I be not inte:rupted further. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ mate that he had tried to influence me, No Senator approaches a determina­ ator from Arizona [Mr. McFARLAND] has I wish to correct my statement, because tion of hiS vote on House Joint Resolu­ been seeking the fioor for some time. the Senator from Montana has not tried tion 237 to repeal the Neutrality Act of 83S8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 31 1939, and the several amendments to it in our country, we must curtail or stop from destruction by attack by hostile which have been offered, with a more aiding England by making such military war airplanes, submarines, commerce de­ solemn appreciation of his awful respon­ supplies available to England. What can stroyers, and war vessels; but, on the con­ sibilities to the American people than England effect in defense of herself or in trary, the arming of our merchant vessels I do. our aid without arms? invites attack because they no longer are I am a member of the Senate Com­ Modern warfare is waged by the use of innocent, peaceful vessels engaged upon mittees on Military Affairs and Appropri­ complicated engines of war-to operate legitimate errands of commerce, but such ations, and the subcommittees of the Ap­ and use which requires trained techni­ vessels when armed become armed ves­ propriations Committee having charge of cians. These modern engines of war are sels seeking combat wherever it may be naval and deficiency appropriations, and absolutely useless to men untrained in · found. the subcommittee for Strategic and the operation of them. The untrained I believe a Federal financial debacle of Critical Minerals of the Military Affairs man could not fly the best bomber made the most serious nature is developing Committee, as well as having other com­ if it were given to him; nor could. he put rapidly due to a. decade of Federal defi­ mittee responsibilities. I have been dili-· to effective use the guns, bomb sight, and cits. No longer is any thought given to · . gent in my duties incident to these com­ armaments with which it is equipped . income-balancing expenditures in any mittee assignments. I have spent much The same facts are present in regard to branch or detail of Federal Government. of the past 100 days in attendance on the operation and use of mechanized While the attention of our people is Senate committees on the west coast, and heavy and light artillery and mechanized being diverted by the spectacular and ex­ I have visited a number of airplane cavalry. · citing scenes of a foreign war in Europe, bases, depots, and landing fields there, as Let us see what the effective condition our own Government is being undermined well as bombing fields, munition dumps, of our Navy is with respect to engaging by reckless and irresponsible financial op­ erations and executive usurpations of forts, cantonments, proposed sites for in offensive rather than defensive war­ further military developments, and so fare. I quote from the recent utterances Federal authorities. forth, in orC.er to get first-hand and ac­ on that subject by the Senator from Mas­ The situation daily becomes more com- . plicated and ominous. I believe the re­ curate !~formation on the program for. sachusetts [Mr. WALSH], chairman of the national defense. I have studied . the' - Senate Committee on Naval · Affairs, as' peal of the ·Neut-rality Act now would testimony offered before committees they appear in the RECORD of October 28: intensify rather than relieve the situa­ tion. Therefore, it. my present intei).- · which have considered the problems with I believe there is no higher authority on i~ . which our Government is now con­ - the subject of ·naval affairs than the Sen-· - tion , to .vote against the repeal of the : fronted. I have conversed personally ator from Massachusetts: Neutrality Act. The feelings of the people have been so with the heads of the several depart­ In addition to completing the extensive new ments which most directly plan and building program of_naval vessels, there is - stimulated by propaganda urging actions supervise the program for national de-' much additional work to be done in order which, in my opinion, will inevitably de- fens~. I have listened attentively to the . to improve the efficiency of our Navy. Three . velop into war, that the situation is be­ speeches of the several learned and pa­ . of our battleships must have their guns ele­ coming very tense throughout the coun­ triotic Senators on both sides of this vated in order to be a match for modern try. This situation is reflected to me in Chamber who have preceded me. I have battleships; a large number of our naval my correspondence and in anger-inspired vessels must be adequately equipped with newspaper articles and editorials which no prejudices on this subject, and no means to oppose a·tr attacks and protect them­ commitments. I reserve always the right selves from air attacks, and only recently come to my attention. I find encourage­ to cast my vote ultimately in accordance $300,000,000 has been authorized for this sole ment in the following lines quoted from with my final judgment. purpose; the naval aircraft we had on hand Kipling's poem, If: Always I am for my country, right or when the war broke out in Europe were not If you can keep your head when all about you equipped w1th self-seaUng gas tanks, and did Are losing theirs and blaming it on you, . · wrong. It is unfortunate that the Pres-· I?-O~ ha_ve s_~ftlcient ar_mor to protect the pilots . It you can trust yourself when all men· doubt · ident and his war party insist upon put­ nor guns of sufficient size; we must be -sure - · ·. Y9U. . . ting us in the wrong; but- if the majority . that these defects are corrected; we must But make allowance for their doubting too; of the Senate-and the Congress decide to , make sure also that. all of our vessels are. If you can walt and no~ be tired by waiting, support the contentions of the war equipped with the most modern devices for Or being Ued about, don't deal in lies, party, I shall abide by that decision, and detecting the presence of submarines and air­ Or being hated don't give way to hating, give my wholehearted and loyal support craft and with proper weapons for attacking And yet don't look too good, nor talk too them. to the success of the adopted policy of wise. government, whatever it may be, just as I quote further from the remarks of • • I have aided in the adoption of every the Senator from Massachusetts: Yours is the earth and everything that's in it, And-which is more-you'll be a man, my authorization and appropriation recom­ I do think, however, proud as we are of sen! mended and calculated to accomplish ~ our superb Navy, I should issue a warning adequate national defense at the earliest to my fellow countrymen. Our Navy from Recently I have read the Journal of possible moment. At this time I have its very inception has been built on the theory Arthur Young, a British farmer, which he yet to learn of the head of a single de­ that it would be used as a defense barrier to wrote while traveling in France and Italy partment, ·other than a Cabinet member, prevent attack or invasion of our country. prior to and at the time of the French There is a difference between a navy designed Revolution in 1789. He makes many ob­ who believes we are now prepared to to roam throughout the seas and ready to engage in a successful war or who advo­ engage and attack anywherEr and everywhere servations which are appropriate to the cates engaging in activities which wou1dl it may · meet a- hostile naval ·force and one _ present similar _situation in America. preface our entrance "into the European - designed to protect our own country. An . Amongst 'others .I quote the following war. · mustratlon of this was our unwill1ngness to sentences, because I .believe the present It is no secret tha-t our military forces provide adequate and impregnable fortifica­ situation in our country is similar to the tions in the Pacific at Guam and in the Phil­ situation in France immediately prior to have neither a sufficient number of ippines. A navy cannot operate efficiently far trained officers or men, · nor are they the French Revolution and the Napo­ from its own bases. Up to date we have not leonic era: equipped with the necessary quantity of · provided ourselves with the neCE\isary secure arms, machines, devices, munitions, or overseas bases from which our fieet and air Thus it is in revolutions one r~~cal writes materiel with which to fight a victorious forces can operate, and we are not now ready and a hundred thousand fools bell.eve. war. to wage war effectively in far distant waters • • • The people are thus kept In a con­ and far from our own shores. This clearly tinual ferment. • • • Of such materials On account of the strikes which have indicates that today our Navy 1s not prepared are all mobs made, so impussible is it to sat­ well-nigh paralyzed the productive efforts and is not of sufficient strength to police the isfy in moments like these. when the heated of those industries engaged on contracts entire world. We can, however, unquestion­ imagination dresst!s every visionary project to supply our Army, Navy, and Air Corps ably maintain and indeed we have today, a of the brain in the bewitching colors of liberty. • • • Civil war must be the re­ with munitions of war, we cannot con­ Navy that w1ll keep us safe from invasion _ and assure peace and prosperity for our sult. • • • When once they find any tinue to arm and supply England and people. other means of subsistence than that of also arm our m·m forces at the same time. honest labor, everything will be to be feared. If we divert to our own uses .the limited In authori.zing .the arming of our mer­ • ~ "' • Or attempt, from theory, to frame armament supplies now being produced chant vessels we do not protect them so:r;nething absolutely spec'.llative: • • • 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8399 full in the teeth of what he had ordained be­ pleases them, and they have been known to 22. And the goat shall bear upon him all fore. • • • He will never more know hiss, an indecorum which is utterly destruc­ their iniquities unto a land not inhabited; where to stop or what to refuse: • • tive of freedom of debate. and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness. But the stumbling block • • • 1s the situation of the finances which cannot pos­ As the discussions and debates of this • • • in my opinion, he missed it com­ Congress progress, it appear~ to me that sibly be restored. • • • pletely and threw that to the chance of the winds and waves to which he might have the President and the war party are The dispensations of Providence seem to given impulse, direction, and life. using the terrible, unspeakable Hitler for have permitted the human race to exist only the purpose of washing out all their sins, as the prey of tyrants, as it has made pigeons faults, and incompetencies of public ad­ for the prey of hawks. • • • men who, from the violence and conflicts of the moment, find themselves in a ministration, as Aaron did the ill-smell­ position and of an importance that results ing goat of Holy Writ. • • • Training the orphans of soldiers merely from public confusion, will take effec­ Let us learn from the experiences of to be soldiers themselves. tual care to prevent the settlement, order, those who have preceded us in similar and peace which, if established, would be a situations. "Forewarned is forearmed." • • • Persons who wished for no better mortal blow to their consequence; they "An ounce of prevention is worth a government than one whose abuses were the mount by the storm and would sink in a calm. chief foundation of their fortunes. pound of cure." "A word to the wise is sufficient." "It is better to be sure than • • • that if they proceeded much fur­ sorry." Let us confine our efforts solely • • • Like angling, incessant expecta­ ther in such a plan, destroying everything but tion and perpetual disappointment. establishing nothing, they would at last to the safety and welfare of the Ameri­ bring the kingdom into such confusion that can people. All seem to think that something extraordi­ they would even themselves be without power I shall vote against the repeal of the nary will happen; and a bankruptcy is not at to restore it to peace and order; and that neutrality law. all unconmon. • • • such a situation would, in its nature, be on Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, ,I the brink of the precipice of bankruptcy and hope there will be a good attendance of civil war. One opinion pervaded the whole company, Senators tomorrow, because several very that they are on the eve of some great revo­ eminent Senators will speak, and I am lution in the government; that everything I asked them in which of their wars they sure, will contribute to the information points to it; the confusion in the finances had wanted men. I demanded whether they of Senators who may attend. It being great; with a deficit impossible to provide had ever felt any other want than that of Saturday, of course, newspapers will give for • • •; no minister existing, or to be money. And whether the conversion of a looked to In or out of power, with such de­ million of men into the bearers of muskets those who speak a very good play. I cisive talents as to promise any other remedy would make money more plentiful. I asked hope many Senators will be present so than palliative ones. • • • if personal service was not a tax. that there will be no doubt of our having a quorum. • Would a bankruptcy occasion a • • • mankind are always best when Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. civil war and a total overthrow of the gov­ not too much governed. President, does that mean that we are ernment? to have a session tomorrow? • the knavery of those who bor­ Mr. BARKLEY. That is what it Economy Is the first virtue. Without it rowed, and the folly of those who lent; per­ means. genius is a meteor, victory a sound, and all petua-ting taxes that took money from in­ courtly splendor a public robbery. dustrious people, in order to give it to Idle Mr. JOHNSON of California. All day? ones. Mr . .BARKLEY. I hope so. These people have the true monopolizing Mr. JOHNSON of California. Are ideas; they would involve four-and-twenty Everything in this world depends on gov­ Senators expected to be present millions of people in t:t.e certain miseries of ernment. throughout the day? a war rather than see th~ interest of those Mr. BARKLEY. We hope so. who consume fabrics preferred to the inter­ That is the end of my quotation wtth Mr. JOHNSON o.f California. I fear est of those who make them. respect to the conditions in France which not. preceded the French Revolution. I think EXECUTIVE SESSION • • The populace have been blown it is very appropriate to the present sit­ up to violence by every art of deception and uation in our own country. Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Sen­ even by money distributed for that purpose. The question now before us, it seems ate proceed to the consideration of exec­ to me, is not only what we would like to utive business. Thus it is for ever and ever I The same do but that absolutely vital question­ The motion was agreed to; and the follies, the same blundering, the same igno­ what can we do? Senate proceeded to the . consideration rance. • • • There is a further fact which demands of executive business. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED • • Nor do I be!ieve it will be possible our most serious consideration-our Gov­ for the present governme-nt to last half a ernment is being undermined from with­ The PRESIDING OFFICER