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Religion and Identity The Journal of the International Society for Frontier Missiology Int’l Journal of Frontier Missiology Religion and Identity 159 From the Editor’s Desk Brad Gill Profiling Religion, Blurring Identity 161 Articles 161 Caste, Christianity, and Cross-Cultural Evangelism Revisted N. J. Gnaniah Is caste or caste-ism the real problem? 169 The Virgin of Guadalupe: A Study of Socio-Religious Identity Allen Yeh and Gabriela Olaguibel Can we suspend the verdict of syncretism long enough to learn about identity? 179 Mission at the Intersection of Religion and Empire Martin Accad Is our way of “being Christian” among Muslims a colonial hangover? 191 Going Public with Faith in a Muslim Context: Lessons from Esther Jeff Nelson Do we need Esther when we’ve got Paul? 196 Book Reviews Wrestling with Religion: Exposing a Taken-for-Granted Assumption in Mission 196 The Birth of Orientalism 197 A New Science: The Discovery of Religion in the Age of Reason 198 Orientalists, Islamists and the Global Public Sphere: A Genealogy of the Modern Essentialist Image of Islam 200 Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History 201 Religion and the Making of Modern East Asia l Secularism and Religion-Making 202 God is Not One: The Eight Rival Religions the Run the World 204 A Theological Analysis of the Insider Movement Paradigm from Four Perspectives: Theology of Religions, Revelation, Soteriology and Ecclesiology 210 In Others’ Words 210 Translating “Son of God” “Insider Movement” in a Surprising Place? Religion and Identity Mobile Technology and Ministry 2October–December8: 20114 WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY NEW RELEASE DONALD MMcGAVRANcGAVRAN HIS EARLY LIFE AND MINISTRY An Apostolic Vision for Reaching the Nations Donald McGavran a biography His Early Life and Ministry An Apostolic Vision for Reaching the Nations Th is biography is more than one man’s interpretation of another person’s life—it has numerous traits of an autobiography. It includes insights gleaned from archives, as well as hours of discussion with both Donald and Mary McGavran about the interpretation applied to particular events. Vern Middleton has been a lifelong church planter and missions professor. He served in India from 1965 to 1976. During his time in India he was mentored by Donald McGavran and they formed a close friendship in ministry and church planting experiences. by It was out of the context of this friendship that Middleton vern middleton decided to write McGavran’s biography. During the last decade of McGavran’s life Middleton had the opportunity to interact $0 with him regarding virtually every page of the biography. When I was young, one summer in Mexico City I read Church Growth in Mexico, one of Donald McGavran’s fi rst books. What a revelation. He described “ten Mexicos”—Mexico City, Liberal Cities, Conservative Cities, Tight Little Towns, Roman Ranchos, Revolutionary Ranchos and Ejidos, Indian Tribes, Tabasco, Northern Border Country, and Oscar’s Masses (named for researcher Oscar Lewis). This analytical approach, this categorizing, this managerial perspective, was a breath of fresh air for me. I glimpsed how to begin making missiological sense of the maelstrom. I have been grateful ever since. —Miriam Adeney, PhD Associate Professor of World Christian Studies Seattle Pacifi c University Teaching Fellow, Regent College ISBN: 978-0-87808-469-2 List Price: $25.99 Vern Middleton Our Price: $20.79 WCL | Pages 395 | Paperback 2011 3 or more: $14.29 www.missionbooks.orgw • 1-800-MISSION Profiling Religion, Blurring Identity October–December 2011 Volume 28:4 hristian identity is facing a predicament. Two centuries of a vast and Editor successful Christian movement may have prevented us from seeing Brad Gill certain implications in how we label our faith. This is especially Editor-at-Large Rory Clark true where a “Christian” belongs to a people within another great religious C Assistant Editor civilization. We’re now admitting that the term “Christian” creates ambiguities Fred Lewis where it should have defined singular allegiance to Christ. And we’re beginning Consulting Editors to suspect that the problem may be deeper than the term. It may involve the way Rick Brown, Gavriel Gefen, Herbert Hoefer, we think categorically about religion. Rebecca Lewis, H. L. Richard, Steve Saint Graphic Design The veil of modern secularization no longer blinds us to the force of religion. We Jennifer C. Swain, Rory Clark so easily identify aberrant forms of violence as Muslim, Hindu, or Christian. But Secretary there’s a hidden assumption in adopting these religious profiles. We might assume Karen Watney that a single religious pattern is internalized thoroughly and consistently across Publisher an entire religious civilization. A label like Buddhist is actuality a reductionism Bradley Gill, representing the student-level that fails to represent the variety and complexity of religious experience within its meeting at Edinburgh 1980. apparent domain. And it’s in this religious complexity that the identity of those 2011 ISFM Executive Committee Greg Parsons, Brad Gill, Rory Clark, who turn to Christ is fashioned. For their sake we’d better get below these broad Darrell Dorr categorizations to the paradigms that mold the way we think about religion: Underlying the question of following Jesus within various religio-cultural systems is an un- Web Site derstanding of the nature of world religions. An essentialist approach suggests that each www.ijfm.org major religion has a core set of beliefs that differs from all the other major religions. Reli- Editorial Correspondence gions are seen as monolithic, with a prevailing interpretation of core doctrine that defines 1605 E. Elizabeth Street the worldview of its adherents. A cultural approach to world religions, however, holds that Pasadena, CA 91104 they are a conglomeration of diverse communities, defined more by traditions, history and (734) 765-0368, [email protected] customs than a singular stated core theology. While the essentialist view has traditionally been held, current research in the field of religious studies challenges the essentialist view. Subscriptions One year (four issues) $18.00 Evidence points to a great variety of doctrines and practices within each of the major reli- Two years (eight issues) $34.00 gious traditions. In practice, many Hindus, Muslims and Christians follow religious traditions Three years (twelve issues) $48.00 Single copies $4.00, multiple copies $3.00 with very minimal personal understanding of core beliefs.1 (italics mine) Payment must be enclosed with orders. This more recent working definition suggests that the essentialist construct will Please supply us with current address and fail to sort out the transformed identity of a Muslim, Hindu, or Buddhist who change of address when necessary. Send all subscription correspondence to: turns to Christ. Monolithic religious labels may capture some of the higher and IJFM more conscious aspects of a religious civilization, but they cannot represent the 1605 E. Elizabeth Street unique fusion of religion, culture and identity in personal life. While “Buddhist Pasadena, CA 91104 background” or “Muslim background” may be shorthand for the religious context Tel: (626) 398-2119 of a new believer, it fails to capture the scope and relevance of religion in a given Fax: (626) 398-2337 believer’s life. Terms like “religio-cultural” and “socio-religious” are being deployed to Email: [email protected] Editorial continued on p. 160 IJFM (ISSN #2161-3354) was established in 1984 by the International Student The views expressed in IJFM are those of the various authors and not necessarily those Leaders Coalition for Frontier Missions. of the journal’s editors, the International Society for Frontier Missiology or the society’s It is published quarterly. executive committee. COPYRIGHT ©2011 International Student Leaders Coalition for Frontier Missions. PRINTED in the USA 160 From the Editor’s Desk, Who We Are indicate how both culture and religion nant in “Christian” identity. We’ve col- typologies of the “Christ and Culture” inform the identity of those who turn to lected a number of articles (two of which debate. He also helps us evangelicals Christ. To what degree does a religious were presentations at last year’s ISFM see how we perpetuate these same and cultural context determine the meetings) and two lengthy book reviews. orientations. From his own struggle formation of the Christ follower? What In the lead article, N. J. Gnaniah speaks to overcome debilitating religious particular aspects of their religious world to the tenacious grip of the caste system constructs erected between Muslim and might continue to shape them, and across the ethnoscape of the Hindu Christian he offers a new continuum which are to be left behind? What will world. Is there any more candid example that may better integrate different types their newfound identity in Christ lead of a thorny socio-religious reality than of ministry among Muslims. them to make of the ritual, aesthetic, the caste system? Can we allow this deep institutional, doctrinal, ethical or mate- Allen Yeh and Gabriela Olaguibel revisit rial aspects of their religious world? the powerful Latin American religious movement surrounding the Virgin of I’m reminded of a Muslim background Guadalupe. They’re particularly sensitive believer who stood to his feet at a recent to the “socio-religious” realities that go conference and said, “Brothers, when I so easily unnoticed due to the centuries- hear the call to prayer, you don’t under- His vivid imagery adds old charge of syncretism. Try to suspend stand how it draws me into evil.” But your worries about “christopaganism” how does one reconcile his comment new color to the “Christ and grant the authors some space to with the Lebanese brother in Christ tease out the indigenous aspects of this who prefers to sit in the quietness of and Culture” debate. Latin American religious movement.
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