Towards a Sociology of Sin

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Towards a Sociology of Sin Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1989 Towards a Sociology of Sin John C. D'Mello Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation D'Mello, John C., "Towards a Sociology of Sin" (1989). Dissertations. 3148. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3148 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1989 John C. D'Mello TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF SIN by John c. D'Mello A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 1989 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee, Ors. Kathleen Mccourt, James Beckford and Roger Finke, for their guidance, constructive criticism and for the time they spent in refining this study. I owe special thanks to the students and faculty of St. Pius College, who did the major part of the data collection. For her invaluable assistance with all my computer work, I would like to acknowledge Dr. Shobha Srinivasan and for proof reading the final copy of this dissertation, Dr. John Tabor. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my parents and the members of my family for their constant support and encouragement. ii VITA The author, John C. D'Mello, born January 27, 1947, in Bombay, India, is the son of Eunice and Archibald D'Mello. His elementary and secondary education was completed at st. Xavier's High School where he was awarded the Gold Medal for academic excellence. In 1968 on completion of five years of seminary formation at st. Pius College, Bombay, India, he was awarded a Vatican Scholarship. Proceeding to Rome he received his Baccalaureate in Theology in 1970 and his Licentiate in Theology in 1972 from Universita Urbaniana, Rome, Italy. In 1973 he entered the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Bombay, India and graduated in 1975 with an M.A. in Social Work with a First Class Distinction, winning the Shield for the Best student. Until 1978 he served as a Parish Priest and School Counsellor in Bombay, India. In 1979, he was appointed professor of Sociology and Philosophy at the Diocesan Seminary, Bombay, India. In 1983 he came to Loyola University, Chicago to pursue his doctoral studies. While at Loyola he was a graduate research assistant from 1983- 1985. From 1985-1987 he was a part-time lecturer in Sociology and statistical Consultant at Academic Computing Services. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ii VITA . iii LIST OF TABLES iv LIST OF CHARTS vi CHAPTER I THEORETICAL BACKGROUND • 1 Sociological Theories of Morality • 6 Methodology . • . • • • . 30 CHAPTER II SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC NOTION OF SIN: PART ONE . • • • • • • . • . • . 36 The Jewish Heritage • • . • • . • • • • • . • . 36 The Persecution Years • • • . • • • • • • • • . 57 Doctrine of Original Sin and the Morality of War 70 CHAPTER III SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC NOTION OF SIN: PART TWO . • . 92 The Penitentials • . • • . • • . • • 92 Summas and Manuals for Confessions . • • . 123 CHAPTER IV SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE HINDU NOTION OF SIN: PART ONE . • • • • . • • . 140 The Vedic Period or Anrta • • . • • • • . • • 148 The Period of Reaction: Adharma • • • • 155 CHAPTER V SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE HINDU NOTION OF SIN: PART TWO • • . • • • • 164 The Brahminic Revival: Pataka ... 164 The Anti-Caste Period: Papa • • . • • . 187 CHAPTER VI THE SURVEY: METHODOLOGY AND PROFILE 204 Historical Sketches • • • . • • • 205 Methodology . • • • • . • • • • • 210 Profile . 223 CHAPTER VII ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY 237 General Notion Of sin • • . 237 Specific Sinful Actions . 248 CHAPTER VIII CONCLUSION 276 REFERENCES 291 iv Page APPENDIX A Questionnaire . 308 APPENDIX B List of Principal Penitentials . 322 APPENDIX c List of Summas and Manuals . 325 APPENDIX D Chart of Hindu Sacred Books . 328 APPENDIX E List of Minor Sins or Upapatakas . 331 APPENDIX F Map of Bombay . 334 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Population of India by Religion • 207 2. Percent Distribution of Respondents by Religion 224 3. Respondents by Age 225 4. Respondents by Gender 226 5. Respondents by Marital Status 226 6. Respondents by Years of Education 227 7. Respondents by Income 228 8. Respondents by Place of Origin and Years Lived in Bombay • • • . • . • • 230 9. Respondents by Rural-Urban Exposure 231 10. Frequency of Visits to Church or Temple 232 11. Frequency of Reading Holy Books 232 12. Frequency of Prayer Times 232 13. Percentage Distribution of Religiosity by Religion • • . • . • 234 14. Percentage Distribution of Family Upbringing by Religion . • • • . • 235 15. Respondents' Definition of Sin 238 16. Sources of Authority Regarding What is Sinful 241 17. Skewness of Distribution by Religion • 244 18. Percentage Distribution of Explanations for the Sinfulness of Human Nature . • . • • . • . 248 19. SINDEX (Ranked for Hindus) 250 20. SINDEX (Ranked for Catholics) 251 vi Table Page 21. Mean Scores, R2 and Significance of Sexuality 256 22. Mean Scores, R2 and Significance of Faith 257 23. Mean Scores, R2 and Significance of Truth . 258 24. Mean Scores, R2 and Significance of Public Good . 259 25. Mean Scores for Sins Against Sexuality by Religion . 266 26. Mean Scores for Sins Against Faith by Religion . 268 27. Mean Scores for Sins Against Truth by Religion . 270 28. Mean Scores for Sins Against Public Good by Religion . 272 vii LIST OF CHARTS chart Page 1. Comparison of catholic and Hindu Notion of Sin from History . 280 2. Comparison of Catholic and Hindu Notion of Sin from Survey . 282 viii CHAPTER ONE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND During the time I worked with a tribal group in the interior of India, I noticed that they had the custom of trial marriage - young boys and girls mixed around freely and intimately with each other. After a period of courtship, if things worked out well between the couple, they would offer themselves publicly for marriage and the parents and the community would approve. They practised this custom innocently and never felt it to be wrong or sinful. As an Instructor in Christian doctrine, I had the reluctant task of informing them that this custom was morally wrong. Somehow I felt very uneasy about this task (an unease I did not feel, for instance, when I spoke to them about cheating or the practice of wife-beating). My reluctance stemmed from the fact that I felt that I was imposing on them my own alien cultural norms and I wondered whether I had the right to thrust notions of sin and conscience on their innocent style of life. Further, whenever a moral discussion of free social mixing was brought up, not only did I feel that they were most disinterested, but I also felt that they seemed to be 1 2 laughing inwardly at me all the while (something I did not notice when the subject of lying or honesty was brought up). There was no doubt in their minds that the custom of premarital intercourse and contraception was neither deviant, nor pathological, nor sinful. Puzzled somewhat by this "apparent lack of conscience" on their part, was I to conclude that these tribals were simply hard-hearted or was I to conclude that the notion of sin ought to be re-examined? I inclined towards the latter and when I read some of the sociological theories on morality, I was only confirmed in my conviction. Just as the notion of deviance went through change and transformation, so also the notion of sin reflected changes in the structural and cultural forces of society. For too long now had sin been studied in "splendid theological isolation"; to become more meaningful, it would have to be seen within the broader framework of history and society. Having been brought up Catholic in a society that is surrounded by Hinduism, some of the questions that ran through my mind were of a comparative nature: Why does Catholicism stress some types of sins and Hinduism, others? For instance, why does Catholicism emphasize sexual sins while Hinduism not do so? Does Hinduism, in turn, focus on sins against truth and why? Is the notion of sin in Catholicism different from the notion of sin in Hinduism? Has catholicism developed a 3 personal-individualistic sense of sin, while Hinduism a more impersonal though societal sense of sin? If this is true, what socio-historical forces brought this about? What factors brought about these unique formulations of sin? The purposes of my study, then, are first, to determine the social and structural factors that gave rise to the unique elaboration of sin in Catholicism in the historical past and at the same time what social and structural factors gave rise to the unique understanding of sin in Hinduism. Second, to find out what are the conceptions of sin that Hindus and Catholics hold today and why and what types of sins do Catholics lay stress on and what kinds of sins do the Hindus emphasize? What factors currently shape a Hindu's or a Catholic's way of thinking about sin? My study will be divided into two parts. The first part is a historical study and will go back into history to uncover the socio-cultural forces that gave rise to the notions of sin in Hinduism and Catholicism. The second part is a contemporary survey of how Hindus and Catholics currently view sin. While the historical part will illumine the social underpinnings of the present concept of sin, the contemporary survey will confirm the findings of the historical study.
Recommended publications
  • REL 3337 Religions in Modern India Vasudha Narayanan
    1 REL 3337 Religions in Modern India Vasudha Narayanan, Distinguished Professor, Religion [email protected] (Please use email for all communications) Office hours: Wednesdays 2:00-3:00 pm and by appointment Credits: 3 credit hours Course Term: Fall 2018 Class Meeting Time: M Period 9 (4:05 PM - 4:55 PM) AND 0134 W Period 8 - 9 (3:00 PM - 4:55 PM) In this course, you will learn about the religious and cultural diversity in the sub-continent, and understand the history of religion starting with the colonial period. We will study the major religious thinkers, many of whom had an impact on the political history of India. We will study the rites-of-passage, connections between food and religion, places of worship, festivals, gurus, as well as the close connections between religion and politics in many of these traditions. The religious traditions we will examine and intellectually engage with are primarily Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, as well as Christianity and Islam in India. We will strike a balance between a historical approach and a thematic one whereby sacraments, rituals, and other issues and activities that are religiously important for a Hindu family can be explained. This will include discussion of issues that may not be found in traditional texts, and I will supplement the readings with short journal and magazine articles, videos, and slides. The larger questions indirectly addressed in the course will include the following: Are the Indian concepts of "Hinduism" and western concepts of "religion" congruent? How ha colonial scholarship and assumptions shaped our understanding of South Asian Hindus and the "minority traditions" as distinct religious and social groups, blurring regional differences? How are gender issues made manifest in rituals? How does religious identity influence political and social behavior? How do Hindus in South Asia differentiate among themselves? Course Goals When you complete this course, you will be able to: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Jun 1 5 2006 Libraries Rotch
    The Prison of Regina Coeli: A Laboratory of Identity in the Post-Risorgimento Italy by Olga Touloumi B.Arch Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2003 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE STUDIES AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASS ACHUSETTS INSTfTUTE 1 OF TECHN01LO)3Y JUNE 2006 JUN 15 2006 @2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. LIBRARIES 1| ROTCH Signature of Author: D,6 artment of Architecture May 25, 2006 Certified by: Mark Jarzombek Professor and Director of the History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: A t Julian Beinart Professor of Architecture Chairman, Department Committee for Graduate Students The Prison of Regina Coeli: A Laboratory of Identity in the Post-Risorgimento Italy by Olga Touloumi Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 25, 2006 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies. ABSTRACT In my thesis I am studying the prison of Regina Coeli in Rome. Completed in 1892, it occupies the space of the convent after which it was named: the convent of Santa Maria Regina Coeli. The particular prison was built in the aftermath of the Italian unification when national identity was still formulated and the economy industrialized. At the same period, the discussion on prison architecture was shifting from an interest in the panopticon-centered structures to the architecture of the cell. Penitentiaries were transformed from sites of mere constrain, to sites of correction, to later develop into laboratories of identity.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortfi Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9001986 The mission of women’s colleges in an era of cultural revolution, 1890-1930 Leone, Janice Marie, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • What's Wrong with the Study of China/Countries
    Asian Studies II (XVIII), 1 (2014), pp. 151–185 What’s Wrong with the Study of China/Countries Hans KUIJPER* Abstract In this paper 1 the thesis is submitted that there is something fundamentally amiss in Western Sinology (Zhōngguóxué, as distinct from Hànxué, which is a kind of old- fashioned philology): ‘China experts’ either pretend to be knowledgeable about everything related to China, in which case they cannot be taken seriously, or–– eventually––admit not to be scientific all-rounders with respect to the country, in which case they cannot be called ‘China experts’. The author expects no tenured professor of Chinese Studies/History to share this view. Having exposed the weakness, indeed the scandal of old-style Sinology, he also points out the way junior Sinologists should go. The fork in that road is two-pronged: translating or collaborating. Keywords: Sinology, area/country studies, complexity, scientific collaboration, e-research Izvleček V tem članku avtor predstavi tezo, da je nekaj bistveno narobe v zahodni sinologiji (Zhōngguóxué, za razliko od Hànxué, ki je nekakšna staromodna filologija): »Kitajski strokovnjaki« se bodisi pretvarjajo, da so dobro obveščeni o vsem v zvezi s Kitajsko, in v tem primeru jih ni mogoče jemati resno, ali pa na koncu priznajo, da niso vsestransko znanstveni o državi, in jih v tem primeru ne moremo imenovati »Kitajske strokovnjake«. Avtor pričakuje, da nihče od univerzitetnih profesorjev kitajskih študij ali kitajske zgodovine ne deli tega stališča z njim. Z izpostavljenostjo šibkosti, kar je škandal za sinologijo starega sloga, opozarja tudi na pot, po kateri naj bi šli mladi sinologi. Na tej poti sta dve smeri, in sicer prevajanje ali sodelovanje.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Introduction The Invention of an Ethnic Nationalism he Hindu nationalist movement started to monopolize the front pages of Indian newspapers in the 1990s when the political T party that represented it in the political arena, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP—which translates roughly as Indian People’s Party), rose to power. From 2 seats in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament, the BJP increased its tally to 88 in 1989, 120 in 1991, 161 in 1996—at which time it became the largest party in that assembly—and to 178 in 1998. At that point it was in a position to form a coalition government, an achievement it repeated after the 1999 mid-term elections. For the first time in Indian history, Hindu nationalism had managed to take over power. The BJP and its allies remained in office for five full years, until 2004. The general public discovered Hindu nationalism in operation over these years. But it had of course already been active in Indian politics and society for decades; in fact, this ism is one of the oldest ideological streams in India. It took concrete shape in the 1920s and even harks back to more nascent shapes in the nineteenth century. As a movement, too, Hindu nationalism is heir to a long tradition. Its main incarnation today, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS—or the National Volunteer Corps), was founded in 1925, soon after the first Indian communist party, and before the first Indian socialist party.
    [Show full text]
  • Hindu Fundamentalism and Christian Response in India
    HINDU FUNDAMENTALISM AND CHRISTIAN RESPONSE IN INDIA Rev. Shadakshari T.K. (Bangalore, India and Pastoring Divyajyothi Church of the Nazarene) Introduction One of the purposes of religion, humanly speaking, is to enable people to live a responsible life. One desire is that religious people may not disturb the harmonious life; rather, they may contribute towards it. Today, religions have become a source of conflict and violence in many Asian societies. This is very evident in India where the inter-relationship among religions is breaking up. The contemporary problem in India is the question of nationalism and the issue of marginalized identities. Christians are caught between two: participation in the nationalism in the one hand and commitment to the cause of the marginalized on the other. There is an awakening of nationalism, which bears strong religious stamp, which is strongly promoted by the Hindutva ideology. At the same time there is a strong awakening of the Tribals and Dalits. In this context, the question comes to our mind: how do Christians in India serve both nationalism and marginal groups when both of them are opposing each other? I am not promising the absolute answer for the question raised. However, this article provides some clues by analyzing the historical development of religious fundamentalism and suggesting an appropriate response for Christians. Though there are several religious fundamental groups in the history of India (including Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, and others), this article limits its study to the religious fundamentalism of Hinduism. The importance of Hindu fundamentalism lies in its very contemporary and nationalistic scope, compared to other, more regional expressions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Course of Christian History the Macmillan Company Nxw York • Boston • Chicago - Dallas Atlanta • San Francisco
    c y^ A ,^ -^-'^ libraW UNIVERSITY W^l CALIFORI«»A SAN DIEGO X (^ix^'^' Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2007 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/courseofcliristiaOOmcgliala THE COURSE OF CHRISTIAN HISTORY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NXW YORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO - DALLAS ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., Limited LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Lm TOXOMTO THE COURSE OF CHRISTIAN HISTORY BY W. J. TMcGLOTHLIN, Ph.D., D.D. Professor of Church History in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Beto gork THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1918 AU riffhU rewrvti OOPTBIGHT. 1918 bt the macmillan company 8«t up and electrotyped. Published, August, 1918 PREFACE Christianity is now nearly nineteen centuries old. Dur- ing this long period it has steadily increased in power, de- termining the beliefs and hopes and ideals of individuals and more and more of whole nations. Judged from any standpoint it must be recognized as one of the master forces of mediaeval and modern history and of the present day. Intelligent men ought, it would seem, to be acquainted with the course of its history, at least in outline, through these centuries. And yet this history has been comparatively little studied, and when studied emphasis has been laid upon the darker phases of the history, its polemical and political sides. It would seem that the time has come for an effort to secure a wider and more sympathetic knowledge of what Chris- tianity as a whole has done in the midst of the weakness and wickedness
    [Show full text]
  • CHARON KRANSEN ARTS 817 WEST END AVENUE NEW YORK NY 10025 USA PHONE: 212 627 5073 FAX: 212 663 9026 EMAIL: [email protected]
    CHARON KRANSEN ARTS 817 WEST END AVENUE NEW YORK NY 10025 USA PHONE: 212 627 5073 FAX: 212 663 9026 EMAIL: [email protected] www.charonkransenarts.com AUGUST. 2020 A JEWELER’S GUIDE TO APPRENTICESHIPS: HOW TO CREATE EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS suitable for shop owners, students as well as instructors, the 208 page volume provides detailed, proven approaches for finding , training and retaining valuable employees. it features insights into all aspects of setting up an apprenticeship program, from preparing a shop and choosing the best candidates to training the apprentice in a variety of common shop procedures. an mjsa publication. $ 29.50 ABSOLUTE BEAUTY – 2007catalog of the silver competition in legnica poland, with international participants. the gallery has specialized for 30 years in promoting contemporary jewelry. 118 pages. full color. in english. $ 30.00 ADDENDA 2 1999- catalog of the international art symposium in norway in 1999 in which invited international jewelers worked with jewelry as an art object related to the body. in english. 58 pages. full color. $ 20.00 ADORN – NEW JEWELLERY - this showcase of new jewelry offers a global view of exciting work from nearly 200 cutting-edge jewelry designers. it highlights the diverse forms that contemporary jewelry takes, from simple rings to elaborate body jewelry that blurs the boundaries between art and adornment. 460 color illustrations. 272 pages. in english. $ 35.00 ADORNED – TRADITIONAL JEWELRY AND BODY DECORATION FROM AUSTRALIA AND THE PACIFIC adorned draws on the internationally recognised ethnographic collection of the macleay museum at the university of sidney and the collections of individual members of the oceanic art society of australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Identity
    The Journal of the International Society for Frontier Missiology Int’l Journal of Frontier Missiology Religion and Identity 159 From the Editor’s Desk Brad Gill Profiling Religion, Blurring Identity 161 Articles 161 Caste, Christianity, and Cross-Cultural Evangelism Revisted N. J. Gnaniah Is caste or caste-ism the real problem? 169 The Virgin of Guadalupe: A Study of Socio-Religious Identity Allen Yeh and Gabriela Olaguibel Can we suspend the verdict of syncretism long enough to learn about identity? 179 Mission at the Intersection of Religion and Empire Martin Accad Is our way of “being Christian” among Muslims a colonial hangover? 191 Going Public with Faith in a Muslim Context: Lessons from Esther Jeff Nelson Do we need Esther when we’ve got Paul? 196 Book Reviews Wrestling with Religion: Exposing a Taken-for-Granted Assumption in Mission 196 The Birth of Orientalism 197 A New Science: The Discovery of Religion in the Age of Reason 198 Orientalists, Islamists and the Global Public Sphere: A Genealogy of the Modern Essentialist Image of Islam 200 Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History 201 Religion and the Making of Modern East Asia l Secularism and Religion-Making 202 God is Not One: The Eight Rival Religions the Run the World 204 A Theological Analysis of the Insider Movement Paradigm from Four Perspectives: Theology of Religions, Revelation, Soteriology and Ecclesiology 210 In Others’ Words 210 Translating “Son of God” “Insider Movement” in a Surprising Place? Religion and Identity Mobile Technology and Ministry 2October–December8: 20114 WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY NEW RELEASE DONALD MMcGAVRANcGAVRAN HIS EARLY LIFE AND MINISTRY An Apostolic Vision for Reaching the Nations Donald McGavran a biography His Early Life and Ministry An Apostolic Vision for Reaching the Nations Th is biography is more than one man’s interpretation of another person’s life—it has numerous traits of an autobiography.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook of Religious Beliefs and Practices
    STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES 1987 FIRST REVISION 1995 SECOND REVISION 2004 THIRD REVISION 2011 FOURTH REVISION 2012 FIFTH REVISION 2013 HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES INTRODUCTION The Department of Corrections acknowledges the inherent and constitutionally protected rights of incarcerated offenders to believe, express and exercise the religion of their choice. It is our intention that religious programs will promote positive values and moral practices to foster healthy relationships, especially within the families of those under our jurisdiction and within the communities to which they are returning. As a Department, we commit to providing religious as well as cultural opportunities for offenders within available resources, while maintaining facility security, safety, health and orderly operations. The Department will not endorse any religious faith or cultural group, but we will ensure that religious programming is consistent with the provisions of federal and state statutes, and will work hard with the Religious, Cultural and Faith Communities to ensure that the needs of the incarcerated community are fairly met. This desk manual has been prepared for use by chaplains, administrators and other staff of the Washington State Department of Corrections. It is not meant to be an exhaustive study of all religions. It does provide a brief background of most religions having participants housed in Washington prisons. This manual is intended to provide general guidelines, and define practice and procedure for Washington State Department of Corrections institutions. It is intended to be used in conjunction with Department policy. While it does not confer theological expertise, it will, provide correctional workers with the information necessary to respond too many of the religious concerns commonly encountered.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature and Human Flourishing in the Laws of Manu and the Daodejing Qijing Zheng Bucknell University, [email protected]
    Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses Fall 2017 Nature and Human Flourishing in the Laws of Manu and the Daodejing Qijing Zheng Bucknell University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Part of the Chinese Studies Commons, Comparative Literature Commons, Intellectual History Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Zheng, Qijing, "Nature and Human Flourishing in the Laws of Manu and the Daodejing" (2017). Honors Theses. 428. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/428 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nature and Human Flourishing in the Laws of Manu and the Daodejing ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ by Qijing Zheng ​ ​ Dec 13, 2017 ​ ​ ​ ​ Approved by: ​ ​ James Mark Shields Digitally signed by James Shields ​ ​ ​ ​ Date: 2017.12.15 09:55:11 -05'00' Adviser: John Hunter ​ ​ Program Chair (proxy): ​ ​ ​ ​ Introduction By comparing the interpretation of dharma in the ancient Indian Laws of Manu ​ ​ (Manusmṛti ) with the concepts of dao 道 in the Chinese classic, Daodejing 道德經, I will ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ demonstrate that, despite the plausible perception that the former represents despotic, hierarchical governance while the latter promotes freedom (and even anarchy), the two texts in fact share a similar envision of human flourishing through the following of one's nature, as well as a foundational belief that both laws and political ideals emerge from nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Amidst the Varieties of Populism: the Case of the Recurrent Pattern of Nativism and Authoritarian Populism in the Politics of U.S
    Rhode Island College Digital Commons @ RIC Honors Projects Overview Honors Projects 2017 Amidst the Varieties of Populism: The aC se of the Recurrent Pattern of Nativism and Authoritarian Populism in the Politics of U.S. Immigration Policy Michelle C. Arias Santabay Rhode Island College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/honors_projects Part of the American Politics Commons Recommended Citation Arias Santabay, Michelle C., "Amidst the Varieties of Populism: The asC e of the Recurrent Pattern of Nativism and Authoritarian Populism in the Politics of U.S. Immigration Policy" (2017). Honors Projects Overview. 130. https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/honors_projects/130 This Honors is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Projects at Digital Commons @ RIC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects Overview by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ RIC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMIDST THE VARIETIES OF POPULISM: THE CASE OF THE RECURRENT PATTERN OF NATIVISM AND AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM IN THE POLITICS OF U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY By Michelle C. Arias Santabay An Honors Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Honors In The Department of Political Science Faculty of Arts and Sciences Rhode Island College 2017 AMIDST THE VARIETIES OF POPULISM: THE CASE OF THE RECURRENT PATTERN OF NATIVISM AND AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM IN THE POLITICS OF U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY An Undergraduate Honors Project Presented
    [Show full text]