INDEX

Page references followed by f denote fi gures. Page references followed by t denote tables.

Aanes ’ method of repair of third-degree Analgesia Antiseptic agents, 94 perineal laceration, 169–174, infi ltration, 7–8 Arthrotomy, fetlock joint, 134–136, 171f–173f intravenous local, 14–16, 15f 135f Abdominal exploration regional, 7–16 Asepsis, principles of, 4 in cattle, 212–215, 213f–214f epidural analgesia, 10–11, 11f–12f, Aseptic surgery, 6 in horses, 196–202, 197f–200f 13t–14t Atropine, 19 Abomasopexy eye, 14 Autoclaving, 38 left-fl ank, 222, 225, 226f–227f horn, 14 Azaperone paramedian, 221–222, 228, inverted L block, 8, 8f for cesarean section in swine, 292 229f–230f limb, 14–16, 15f for tranquilization and sedation in right-fl ank, 222, 225, 228 paravertebral block, 9–10, 9f swine, 16, 18t Abomasum Anastomosis, 231–232 left-side displacement (LDA), Anesthesia. See also Regional analgesia; Babcock intestinal , 43f 221–222, 224, 226f, 228, 230 specifi c surgical techniques Backhaus towel clamps, 42f right-side displacement (RDA), general, 16–23 Balfour , 38, 48f 221–222, 224–225, 230–231 induction, 19–21, 19t–21t Balling behavior of boars, 316 right torsion (RTA), 221–222, 224, maintaining, 21–23, 22t Balling gun, 58f 228, 230 overview, 16, 18 Bandages, stent, 88, 88f Acepromazine (acetylpromazine) preanesthetic evaluation, 18 , 36, 40f maleate, for tranquilization and premedication, 18–19 Bandaging skin grafts, 109 sedation local and regional, 7–16, 8f–9f, Barnes dehorner, 280 in horses, 16, 17t 11f–12f, 13t–14t, 15f Base defi cit/excess, 25–26, 28 in small ruminants, 16, 18t monitoring, 23 Bennett ’ s , 55f Acid-base imbalance, diagnosis of, tranquilization and sedation, 16, Benzotropine mesylate, for priapism, 146 24–26 16t–18t Bicarbonate Adhesions, equine castration for wound exploration, 95 administration of, 28 complication, 146, 152 Anion gap, 26 concentration in acid-base Adhesives, tissue, 67 Annular ligament of the fetlock, diagnosis, 25–26 Alexander chisel, 49f COPYRIGHTEDtransection of, 127–129, MATERIAL 128f Bistoury (tenotomy) knife, 114, Alexander gouge, 49f Antibiotics 115f–116f Allis tissue forceps, 37, 42f antimicrobial impregnated suture Bladder marsupialization, 297 Amputation materials, 65 Bloat, 11, 18, 23, 219 of digit in cattle, 273–276, 275f role in surgery, 5 Blood gases, 25, 25t, 26 of the penis in the horse, 166–169, topical, 5 Bone-holding forceps, Kern, 48f 167f–169f Anticholinergic drugs, 19 Bone rasp, 48f, 50f preputial in cattle, 245–248, 247f Antiinfl ammatory drug use in wound Bone rongeurs, 50f of splint bones in the horse, 131–134, exploration, 95–96 Bovine. See Cattle 132f–133f Antimicrobial therapy, in traumatic Bowed tendon, 127 via disarticulation, 274, 276 wounds, 95 Braided absorbable sutures, 62, 65

Turner and McIlwraith’s Techniques in Large Animal Surgery, 4th Edition. Dean A. Hendrickson and A. N. (Nickie) Baird. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

323 324 Index

Breeder ’ s stitch, 159 mare, 56f preputial resection and anastomosis Brown-Adson forceps, 42f stud, 56f in bull, 245–248, 247f Buhner method of repair for vaginal Cattle retention suturing of vulva, 265– prolapse, 265–266, 267f–268f abdominal exploration, 212–215, 266, 267f–268f Buhner tape needle, modifi ed, 57f 213f–214f teaser bull preparation, 248–252, Bulb syringe, 51f dehorning, 277, 279–280, 281f–282f 249f–250f Bulls digit amputation, 273–276, 275f urethrostomy, 236, 238, 239f–240f, castration epidural anesthesia, 10–11, 11f 241 of calf, 235–236, 237f eye enucleation, 276–277, 278f–279f Cattle leader, 52f unilateral, 257–258 fl uid balance evaluation, normal values CCP (corpus cavernosum penis) corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) for, 25t thrombosis, 251–252 thrombosis, 251–252 gastrointestinal surgery, 211–232 Cecal dilatation/volvulus, in cattle, epididymectomy, 252, 253f for abomasal displacement/ 231 hematoma evacuation of penis, torsion, 221–231, 223f, 226f–227f, Cervical prolapse, 265 241–245, 243f–244f 229f–230f Cervicopexy for vaginal prolapse, in inguinal herniorrhaphy, 252, 254–257, abomasopexy, left-fl ank, 222, 225, cattle, 266, 268–270, 269f 255f–256f 226f–227f Cervix, laceration of, 170 penile fi xation, 250f, 251 abomasopexy, paramedian, Cesarean section penile translocation, 248, 249f, 251 221–222, 228, 229f–230f in camelids, 304–305 preputial resection and abomasopexy, right-fl ank, 222, 225, in cow, 258–265, 260f–264f anastomosis, 245–248, 247f 228 in mare, 160, 162–164, 163f teaser bull preparation, 248–252, cecal dilatation/volvulus, 231 in small ruminants, 299–300 249f–250f laparotomy, fl ank, 212–215, in swine, 317–319, 318f urethrostomy, 236, 238, 239f–240f, 213f–214f Chains, obstetric, 56f 241 laparotomy, principles of, 211 Cheek tooth repulsion, in horses, Bupivacaine, 7–8 omentopexy, right-fl ank, 221–224, 191–196, 193f–194f Butorphanol, for tranquilization and 223f Chemical sterilization, 38 sedation pyloro-omentopexy, 224–225 Chip fractures, fetlock joint, 134–136, in cattle, 16t rumenostomy (rumen 135f in horses, 17t fi stulation), 219–221, 220f Chisel rumenotomy, 215–219, 217f–218f Alexander, 49f Calculi, urinary small intestinal resection and U.S. Army, 49f in cattle, 238 anastomosis, 231–232 Chlorhexidine, 6, 94 in small ruminants, 296–297 general anesthesia in, 16–24, 20t, 22t Chloride, serum, 27 Calf castration, 235–236, 237f intubation in, 20 Chromic catgut, 62 Camelid surgery, 303–309 regional analgesia, 8–11, 8f–9f, 11f, Circumcision castration of the llama, 303–304 13t, 14, 15f in bull, 245–248, 247f cesarean section, 304–305 rib resection and pericardiotomy, 280, in horses, 164–166, 165f–166f tooth removal in the llama, 305–309, 282–283, 284f–285f , towel, 37, 42f 307f–308f surgical site preparation, 6 Cleaning wounds, 94 Cannula, teat, 58f teat laceration repair, 283, 285–288, Clipping, preoperative, 5–6 Capillary refi ll time, 24 287f Closure Caprolactam, polymerized, 64t, 66–67 third eyelid resection, 288 delayed primary, 96 Carbon dioxide, measurement of, 25–26 tracheotomy, 288–289 primary closure, 96 Caslick ’ s operation for pneumovagina in tranquilization and sedation, 16, 16t secondary-intention healing, 96–97 the mare, 156–159, 157f–158f umbilical surgery, 289–290 using tension-relieving incisions, Castration urogenital surgery, 235–270 103–104, 104f cattle castration of calf, 235–236, 237f Clubfoot, treatment of, 120, 122 calf, 235–236, 237f cervicoplexy for vaginal Coffi n (distal interphangeal) joint, unilateral in bull, 257–258 prolapse, 266, 268–270, 269f fl exure deformities of, 120, 122, horse, 139–152, 141f–144f cesarean section, 258–265, 126–127 complications, 145–146, 152 260f–264f Cold (chemical) sterilization, 38 cryptorchidectomy, 147f–152f, corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) Collagen, 62 152–156 thrombosis, 251–252 Connell suture, 85–86, 85f llama, 303–304 epididymectomy, 252, 253f Continuous horizontal mattress swine, 311–312, 313f hematoma evacuation of suture, 79, 79f cryptorchid castration of penis, 241–245, 243f–244f Continuous Lembert suture, 84–85, 84f piglets, 314, 316 inguinal herniorrhaphy, 252, Continuous lock stitch (Ford interlocking Catgut, 62 254–257, 255f–256f suture), 83, 83f penile fi xation, 250f, 251 Contrast agents, 95 c o w , 5 5 f penile translocation, 248, 249f, Corneal refl ex, 23 epidural, 11 251 Cornual block, 14 Index 325

Corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) superior check ligament, 122–124, Emasculator, 52f thrombosis, 251–252 123f Empyema, guttural pouch, 186, 189 Cotton, 64t, 66 Detomidine Endotracheal intubation, 18 Counterirritants, 113 for anesthetic maintenance, 22t in cattle, 20 Crile forceps, 43f epidural use of, 10–11, 13t–14t in swine, 20–21 Cruciate (cross mattress) suture, 81, for tranquilization and sedation Endotracheal tube, 59f 82f in cattle, 16t Enucleation of the eye, in cattle, Cryptorchidectomy in horses, 16, 17t 276–277, 278f–279f in horses, 147f–152f, 152–156 Dexon, 63t, 65 Ephedrine, for hypotension, 22 inguinal approach, 147f–149f, Diazepam (Valium) Epididymectomy, 252, 253f 153–154 for anesthetic induction, in cattle and Epidural analgesia, 10–11, 11f–12f, laparoscopic, 152f, 155–156 small ruminants, 20t 13t–14t parainguinal approach, 150f–151f, for convulsion control, 8 Epineural capping, in palmar digital 154 for tranquilization and sedation neurectomy, 129 standing fl ank approach, 151f, 154 in small ruminants, 16 Epithelialization, 93 in swine, 314, 316 in swine, 18t Equine. See Horses , 49f Digit amputation in cattle, 273–276, Equine molar forceps, 54f Cushing suture, 85, 85f 275f Ethylene oxide, for sterilization, 38 Cyanoacrylate, 67 via disarticulation, 274, 276 Eventration, post-castration in Cystostomy, tube, 296–297 Disarticulation, digit amputation horse, 145–146 via, 274, 276 Excision, sharp of wounds, 95 Dacron, 67 Disbudding young goat, 295–296 Eye DDSP (dorsal displacement of the soft Distal (inferior) check ligament enucleation in cattle, 276–277, palate), in horse, 184 desmotomy, 119–122, 121f 278f–279f Dead space, 96–98 Dobutamine, for hypotension, 22 regional analgesia of, 14 Debridement, 95, 97 Dopamine, for hypotension, 22 third eyelid resection, 288 Deep digital fl exor accessory ligament, Dorsal displacement of the soft palate Eyeball rotation, for anesthetic desmotomy of, 119–122, 121f (DDSP), in horse, 184 monitoring in cattle, 23 Deep digital fl exor tenotomy, 126–127 Dose syringe, 59f Dehorner Double-layer inverting suture Feed, withholding prior to surgery, 18 Barnes-type, 52f patterns, 87–88 Femoral nerve paresis, 22 gouge, 53f Doyen (Gillmann) compression Fenestrated tube , 99, 100f k e y s t o n e , 5 3 f forceps, 43f Fetlock (metacarpophalangeal) joint Dehorning Drains, 97–101 annular ligament transection, cosmetic in cattle, 277, 279–280, active, 99, 100f–101f 127–129, 128f 281f–282f fenestrated tube, 99, 100f arthrotomy, 134–136, 135f of mature goat, 293–295, 294f for hygromas, 98, 98f fl exure deformities of, 120, 122, regional analgesia for, 14 indications, 97 124–126 Dehydration, 23–24, 24t passive, 97–98 Fetotomy, 162 Delayed primary closure, 96 Penrose, 98, 98f Finochietto , 38, 48f Dental elevator, 50f for peritoneal drainage, 99, 101f Fistulation, rumenal, 219–221, 220f Dental fl oat, 53f sump-Penrose, 99, 101f Flank laparotomy, in cattle, 212–215, Dental formula Draping, 4, 6 213f–214f horse, 191 Dressing, tie over, 88, 88f Flexure deformity, treatment of llama, 305, 305f Droperidol, for tranquilization and deep digital fl exor tenotomy, Dental punch, 53f, 192, 193f–194f, sedation in swine, 16, 18t 126–127 195–196 Dystocia inferior check ligament Dental surgery in camelids, 304–305 desmotomy, 119–122, 121f repulsion of cheek teeth in in cow, 258 superfi cial digital fl exor horses, 191–196, 193f–194f in mare, 160, 162–164, 163f tenotomy, 124–126, 125f tooth removal in the llama, 305–309, in small ruminants, 299–300 superior check ligament 307f–308f in sow, 317–319 desmotomy, 122–124, 123f Desfl urane, 21 Float, dental, 53f Desmitis Écraseur, 59f Fluid balance, normal values used in the deep digital fl exor accessory Ectropion, Z-plasty for relief of evaluation of, 25t ligament, 119 acquired, 105, 106f Fluid therapy, 23–29 suspensory, 124, 131 Edema, in equine castration, 145 in anesthetized patient in elective Desmotomy, in horses Electrolyte abnormalities, diagnosis surgery, 27 annular ligament, 127–129, 128f of, 26–27 composition of fl uids for, 28t inferior (distal) check ligament, Elevator, dental, 50f in compromised patient 119–122, 121f Elliptical excision undermining for repair according to requirements, 27–29 medial patellar, 113–114, 115f–116f of an elongated defect, 103, 104f without preliminary data, 29 326 Index

Fluid volume defi cits Goats Hobday ’ s roaring bur, 56f diagnosis of, 23–24, 24t cesarean section, 299–300 Hollow organs, suturing patterns for treatment of, 27–29 dehorning of mature, 293–295, 294f closure of, 83–88 Foals disbudding young, 295–296 Hoof groover, Hughes, 55f inducing anesthesia in, 19 general anesthesia in, 18–23, 20t, Hoof knife, German, 55f preanesthetic agents, contraindication 22t Hoof nippers, 54f for, 18 mastectomy, 297–298 Horn umbilical herniorrhaphy, 207–210, obstructive urolithiasis, 296–297 dehorning in cattle, 277, 279–280, 208f–209f regional analgesia in, 8–11, 13t, 14 281f–282f Foerster sponge forceps, 45f tranquilization and sedation, 16, 18t dehorning in goats, 293–295, Foley catheter, 296–297 urethral appendage removal, 296–297 294f Forceps vasectomy, 298–299 regional anesthesia, 14 Allis tissue, 37, 42f Gouge, 49f Horses Babcock intestinal, 43f Grafting. See Skin grafting abdominal exploration, 196–202, Brown-Adson, 42f Gram stain, 6 197f–200f Crile, 43f Granny knot, 71, 72f check teeth, repulsion of, 191–196, Doyen (Gillmann) compression, 43f Granulation tissue, 94, 96–97 193f–194f equine molar, 54f Grasping forceps, 37 epidural anesthesia, 10–11, 12f Foerster sponge, 45f Guaifenesin fl uid balance evaluation, normal values grasping, 37 for anesthetic induction for, 25t Halsted mosquito, 37, 45f in cattle and small gastrointestinal surgery, 196–210 hemostatic, 37, 37f, 43f, 45f ruminants, 19–20, 20t laparotomy, standing fl ank, Kelly, 37, 44f in horses, 19, 19t 202–206, 203f–206f Kern bone-holding, 48f for anesthetic maintenance, 22t laparotomy, ventral midline, Michel clip, 43f Guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine 196–202, 197f–200f Mixter, 45f (GKX), 19–20 umbilical herniorrhaphy in Ochsner, 46f for anesthetic induction in cattle and foals, 207–210, 208f–209f Rochester-Carmalt, 45f small ruminants, 20t general anesthesia, 16–23, 22t sponge, 37 for anesthetic induction in swine, 21t orthopedic surgery, 113–136 thumb, 37, 37f Gut, surgical, 62, 63t amputation of splint bones, tissue, 37, 42f Guttural pouches, surgical entry and 131–134, 132f–133f use of, 37, 37f drainage of, 186–189, 187f–188f arthrotomy of fetlock joint, uterine biopsy, 56f 134–136, 135f Vulsellum, 37, 45f Hair, presurgical removal, 5–6 deep digital fl exor Ford interlocking suture, 83, 83f Halothane, 23 tenotomy, 126–127 Foreign body, in traumatic Halsted mosquito forceps, 37, 45f inferior (distal) check ligament

wound, 94–95 Harleco CO 2 apparatus, 25, 26 desmotomy, 119–122, 121f Foreign-body reaction, 62 HCG (human chorionic lateral digital extensor 4-S modifi ed Roeder knot, 73, 73f gonadotropin), 146 tenotomy, 114, 116–119, Healing, 96–97 117f–118f Galt trephine, 53f delayed primary, 96 medial patellar desmotomy, Gambee suture, 87, 88f moist wound, 96–97 113–114, 115f–116f Gas sterilization, 38 primary, 96 palmar digital neurectomy, Gastrointestinal surgery secondary-intention, 96–97 129–131, 130f in cattle, 211–232 Heel pain sectioning of palmar (plantar) in horse, 196–210 inferior (distal) check ligament annular ligament of the Gelpi retractor, 38, 47f desmotomy, 119–122, 121f fetlock, 127–129, 128f General anesthesia, 16–23 palmar digital neurectomy for, 129 superfi cial digital fl exor induction, 19–21, 19t–21t Hematoma evacuation of the bovine tenotomy, 124–126, 125f maintaining, 21–23, 22t penis, 241–245, 243f–244f superior check ligament overview, 16, 18 Hemorrhage, in equine castration, 145 desmotomy, 122–124, 123f preanesthetic evaluation, 18 Hemostatic forceps, 37, 37f, 43f, 45f preoperative evaluation, 3 premedication, 18–19 Herniation, in equine castration regional analgesia, 7–11, 12f, 13t Gigli wire and handles, 51f complication, 145–146 skin staple use in, 67 Gillmann (Doyen) compression Herniorrhaphy surgical site preparation, 5 forceps, 43f inguinal in bull, 252, 254–257, tetanus prophylaxis, 5 GKX. See Guaifenesin, ketamine, and 255f–256f tranquilization and sedation, 16, 17t xylazine inguinal in piglet, 312, 314, 315f upper respiratory tract surgery, Gloves, surgical, 4, 5 umbilical in foal, 207–210, 208f–209f 177–189 Glycomer 631 (Biosyn), 63t, 65 H-fl ap, sliding, 105, 105f guttural pouch surgery/ Glycopyrrolate, 19 Hibbs gouge, 49f drainage, 186–189, 187f–188f Index 327

laryngotomy, laryngeal Instruments, 33–59. See also specifi c Laparoscopy, for cryptorchidectomy in ventriculectomy, and instruments horses, 152f, 155–156 ventriculocordectomy, 179–183, forceps, 37, 37f, 42f–46f Laparotomy 181f–183f general surgery pack, 38 in cattle soft palate, partial resection, miscellaneous, 48f–59f fl ank, 212–215, 213f–214f 183–184, 185f needle holders, 36–37, 36f, 39f–40f principles, 211 tracheostomy, 177–179, 178f photo gallery of, 39f–59f in horse urogenital surgery, 139–174 preparation of, 38 standing fl ank, 202–206, 203f–206f Aanes ’ method of repair of third- retractors, 37–38, 47f–48f ventral midline, 196–202, 197f–200f degree perineal laceration, , 33, 34f–35f, 35, 39f Laryngeal spasm, 20 169–174, 171f–173f scissors, 35–36, 35f, 40f–41f Laryngeal ventriculectomy, in amputation of penis, 166–169, towel clamp, 37, 42f horse, 179–183, 181f–183f 167f–169f use of, 33–38 Laryngotomy, in horse, 179–183, Caslick ’ s operation for Insurance, 4 181f–183f pneumovagina, 156–159, Interrupted horizontal mattress Laser ventriculectomy/ 157f–158f suture, 79, 79f ventriculocordectomy, 183, 183f castration, 139–152, 141f–144f Interrupted Lembert suture, 84, 84f Lateral digital extensor tenotomy, 114, cesarean section, 160, 162–164, Intravenous limb anesthesia of 116–119, 117f–118f 163f ruminants, 14–16, 15f Lavage, for wound cleaning, 94 circumcision, 164–166, 165f–166f Intubation, endotracheal, 18 Leader, cattle, 52f cryptorchidectomy, 147f–152f, in cattle, 20 Lembert suture 152–156 in swine, 20–21 continuous, 84–85, 84f urethrosplasty, 159–160, 161f–162f Intussusception, 232 interrupted, 84, 84f wound exploration in, 95 Inverted L block, 8, 8f Lichty teat knife, 57f wound healing in, 94 Iowa pig snare, 52f Lidocaine hydrochloride Human chorionic gonadotropin Isofl urane, 21, 22t convulsions in sheep from, 8 (HCG), 146 for epidural analgesia, 10–11, 13t–14t Hydrogen peroxide, 38, 94 Jaw tone, 23 with epinephrine, 14 Hygromas, use of Penrose drains to for local and regional analgesia, 7–8, treat, 98, 98f Kelly forceps, 37, 44f 10, 14 Hyovertebrotomy approach, to guttural Kern bone-holding forceps, 48f Ligatures, 73, 75f, 76 pouch, 186–189, 187f–188f Ketamine Limb anesthesia, intravenous, 14–16, 15f Hypercapnia, 23 for anesthetic induction Line block, 8, 14 Hypercarbia, 23 in cattle and small ruminants, 20, Lister scissors, 40f Hyperkalemia, 27 20t Littauer stitch scissors, 40f Hypernatremia, 26, 28 in horses, 19, 19t Llama, 303–309 Hyperthermia, malignant, 21 in swine, 20, 21t castration of, 303–304 Hypokalemia, 27, 28 for anesthetic maintenance, 21, cesarean section, 304–305 Hypotension, during anesthesia, 22 22t dental formula, 305, 305f Hypovolemia, 24 Ketamine/midazolam, for tranquilization tooth removal, 305–309, 307f–308f Hypoxema, 23 and sedation Locking-loop tendon suture, 89, 89f, 91 in small ruminants, 18t Lock stitch, continuous, 83, 83f Incisions, tension-relieving, 103–104, in swine, 17t 104f Knots Malignant hyperthermia, 21 Infection granny, 71, 72f M a l l e t , 4 9 f antibiotic use, 5 Miller ’ s, 72f, 73, 76 Mare antimicrobial impregnated suture principles of tying, 71–73 Aanes ’ method of repair of third- materials, 65 slipknot (two half-hitches), 71, 72f degree perineal laceration, in castration, 146 4-S modifi ed Roeder, 73, 73f 169–174, 171f–173f postoperative, managing, 6 square, 71, 72f Caslick ’ s operation for prevention, 4 surgeon ’ s, 72f, 73 pneumovagina, 156–159, skin staple use and, 67 tying with , 73, 74f 157f–158f Inferior (distal) check ligament cesarean section, 160, 162–164, 163f desmotomy, 119–122, 121f L a c e r a t i o n urethroplasty, 159–160, 161f–162f Infi ltration analgesia, 7–8 perineal, 169–174, 171f–173f Masculine behavior, persistent after Inguinal herniorrhaphy teat, 283, 285–288, 287f castration, 146 in bull, 252, 254–257, 255f–256f Lactate, as bicarbonate source, 28 Mastectomy, in small in piglet, 312, 314, 315f Lactic acidosis, 26 ruminants, 297–298 Inhalation anesthesia Lactomer 9-1 (Polysorb-Tyco), 63t, 65 Mattress suture for anesthetic induction in foals, 19 Laminitis, deep digital fl exor tenotomy continuous horizontal, 79, 79f for anesthetic maintenance, 21–23, 22t for, 126–127 cross, 81, 82f 328 Index

Mattress suture (cont’d) Nerve blocks, 7, 14, 16. See also specifi c Perineal laceration, Aanes’ method of interrupted horizontal, 79, 79f techniques repair, 169–174, 171f–173f vertical, 79, 80f, 81, 105 Neurectomy, palmar digital, 129–131, Periodontal probe, 50f Maxillary fl ap sinusotomy for tooth 130f Peritoneal drainage, 99, 101f repulsion, 194f, 195 Neuroma, formation with palmar digital Peritonitis, 83, 218–219, 270 Mayo-Hegar needle holder, 39f neurectomy, 131 Peroneal nerve paresis, 22 , 35, 40f Newberry knife, 236 Peterson block, 14 McPherson speculum, 53f Nippers, 54f PH, blood, 25 Medetomidine Nylon (Dermalon, Ethilon, Physical examination, preoperative, 3 for anesthetic maintenance, 22t Supramid), 64t, 66 Pigs. See Swine epidural use of, 10, 13t Pig snare, 52f for tranquilization and sedation Obstetric chains, 56f Pneumovagina, Caslick’ s operation in cattle, 16t Obstructive urolithiasis, in small for, 156–159, 157f–158f in horses, 16, 17t ruminants, 296–297 Poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl), 64t, 65 Medial patellar desmotomy, in the Ochsner forceps, 46f Polydioxanone (PDS), 63t, 65 horse, 113–114, 115f–116f Ocular refl exes, 23 Polyesters, 64t, 67 Memory, suture, 66 Olsen-Hegar needle holder, 40f Polyethylene, 64t, 66 Mepivacaine hydrochloride Omentopexy, right-fl ank, 221–224, 223f Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl-Ethicon), 63t, 65 for epidural analgesia, 13t Opioids, 16, 17t Polyglycolic acid (Dexon-Tyco), 63t, 65 for local and regional analgesia, 7, Orthopedic surgery, equine, 113–136 Polyglyconate (Maxon), 63t, 65 14 set, U.S. Army, 48f Polyglytone 6211 (Caprosyn), 64t, 65 Mesh expansion technique, 103–104, Ovariohysterectomy in the pot-bellied Polymerized caprolactam (Supramid, 104f pig, 319 Vetafi l), 64t, 66–67 Metabolic acidosis, 25–28 Oxygen supplementation, 20, 23 Polypropylene (Prolene and Metabolic alkalosis, 25–29 Surgilene), 64t, 66 Metacarpal bones, amputation of, 131– Packed cell volume (PCV), 24, 25t, 27 Polysorb, 63t, 65 134, 132f–133f Palate, partial resection of soft in Potassium Metatarsal bones, amputation of, 131– horses, 183–184, 185f abnormalities, 27 134, 132f–133f Palmar digital neurectomy, 129–131, administration of, 28–29 , 35, 41f 130f Pot-bellied pig, ovariohysterectomy Michel clip, 43f Palmar/plantar annular ligament in, 319 Michel trephine, 51f transection, 127–129, 128f Povidone-iodine, solution/scrub, 6, 94 Miller ’ s knot, 72f, 73, 76 Palpebral refl exes, 23 Premedication, 18–19 Minchev technique, 265 Paralumbar block, 10 Preoperative evaluation, 3–4 Mixter forceps, 45f Paramedian abomasopexy, 221–222, 228, Preputial diverticulum ablation, in Moist wound healing, 96–97 229f–230f swine, 316, 317f Molar cutter, 54f Paraphimosis, 146, 252 Preputial resection and anastomosis in Molar forceps, equine, 54f Paravertebral block, 9–10, 9f bull, 245–248, 247f Molars, repulsion in horses, 191–196, Parker-Kerr oversew, 86, 86f Presurgical considerations, 3–6 193f–194f Patella, medial desmotomy of, 113–114, antibiotic use, 5 Monofi lament sutures, absorbable, 65 115f–116f infection, postoperative, 6 Morphine PDS (polydioxanone), 63t, 65 infection prevention, 4 epidural use of, 11, 13t Penile paralysis, 146 preoperative evaluation, 3–4 for tranquilization and sedation in Penis preoperative planning, 5 horses, 17t cattle surgical classifi cation, 4–5, 4t Mouth gag, canine, 54f corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) surgical judgment, 4 Mouth wedge, Bayer, 53f thrombosis, 251–252 surgical site preparation, 5–6 Myopathy, postanesthesia, 22 hematoma evacuation, 241–245, Priapism, 146 243f–244f Primary closure, 96 Navicular disease, palmar digital penile fi xation, 250f, 251 Probe, periodontal, 50f neurectomy for, 129 penile translocation, 248, 249f, 251 Propofol, 20–21, 20t Near-far-far-near suture, 81, 81f, 105 preputial resection and anastomosis Proud fl esh, 97 Needle holder in bull, 245–248, 247f Proximal sesamoid bones, chip knot tying with, 73, 74f urethrostomy, 236, 238, 239f–240f, fracture, 134–136, 135f Mayo-Hegar, 39f 241 Pupillary dilation, 23 Olsen-Hegar, 40f horse Purse-string suture, 86, 87f use of, 36, 36f amputation, 166–169, 167f–169f Putti double-ended bone rasp, 48f Needle(s), 67–69 circumcision, 164–166, 165f–166f Pyloro-omentopexy, 224–225 for hollow-organ surgery, 83 Pennyback rongeurs, 50f swaged, 68, 68f , 98, 98f Reconstructive surgery. See Wounds, taper cut, 68, 69f Pericardectomy in cattle, 280, 282–283, reconstructive surgery of types, 67–69, 68f, 69f 284f–285f Record keeping, 3–4 Index 329

Rectal prolapse Scissors rectal prolapse resection, 300–301, resection in small ruminants, 300–301, bandage, 36, 40f 301f 301f Lister, 40f vasectomy, 298–299 ring placement in swine, 319–320 Littauer stitch, 40f tranquilization and sedation, 16, 18t R e e fi ng, 164–166, 165f–166f, 245–246 Mayo, 35, 40f Sodium, serum, 24 Referral, 4 Metzenbaum, 35, 41f Sodium ion abnormalities, 26–27 Regional analgesia, 7–16 operating, 41f Soft palate, partial resection in epidural analgesia, 10–11, 11f–12f, use of, 35, 35f horses, 183–184, 185f 13t–14t wire-cutting, 41f Sow, cesarean section in the, 317–319, eye, 14 Scrubbing, surgical site preparation, 6 318f horn, 14 Secondary-intention healing, 96–97 Speculum inverted L block, 8, 8f Sedation Bennett ’ s, 55f limb, 14–16, 15f in cattle, 16, 16t heavy-swine mouth, 53f paravertebral block, 9–10, 9f in horses, 16, 17t McPherson, 53f Regurgitation, 18, 20 purposes for, 16 thoroughbred vaginal, 54f Reimer emasculator, 52f in small ruminants, 16, 18t Splint bones, amputation of, 131–134, Respiratory acidosis, 25 in swine, 16, 18t 132f–133f Respiratory alkalosis, 25 , 37, 47f Sponge forceps, 37 Respiratory tract surgery in the Serra emasculator, 52f Square knot, 71, 72f horse, 177–189 Sesamoid chip fracture, 134–136, 135f Stainless steel, 64t, 67 Retention suturing of the bovine Sevofl urane, 21 Standing fl ank laparotomy, in vulva, 265–266, 267f–268f Sheep. See also Small ruminant surgery horse, 202–206, 203f–206f Reticulum, exploration of, 215–219, convulsion with lidocaine, 8 Stent bandages, 88, 88f 217f–218f fl uid balance evaluation, normal values Sterilization of instruments, 38 Retractor for, 25t Still-Luer bone rongeurs, 50f Balfour, 38, 48f general anesthesia in, 18–23, 20t, 22t Stitch scissors, Littauer, 40f Finochietto rib spreader, 38, 48f regional analgesia in, 8–11, 13t Stomach pump, 59f Gelpi, 38, 47f surgical site preparation, 6 Strawberry roaring bur, 57f malleable, 37, 47f tranquilization and sedation, 16, 18t Stringhalt, 114, 116, 119 Senn, 37, 47f Shirley wound drain, 99 Strong ion gap, 26 United States Army, 37, 47f Silastic drains, 97–98 Subcuticular suture, 81, 82f use of, 37–38 Silk, 64t, 65–66 tip, Yankauer suction, 51f Volkmann, 37, 47f Simple continuous suture, 77–78, 78f, 87 Sump-Penrose drain combination, 99, Weitlaner, 38, 47f Simple interrupted suture, 77, 78f, 87, 101f Retrobulbar (four-point) block, 14 87f Superfi cial digital fl exor tendinitis, Rib resection, in cattle, 280, 282–283, Sinusotomy, maxillary fl ap treatment of, 122, 124 284f–285f sinusotomy, 194f, 195 Superfi cial digital fl exor tenotomy, Rib spreader, Finochietto, 38, 48f Skin elasticity, estimating, 23 124–126, 125f Richter ’ s hernia, 207 Skin grafting, 105–111 Superior check ligament Roaring, 179 bandaging, 109 desmotomy, 122–124, 123f Roaring bur overview, 105, 107 Surgeon ’ s knot, 72f, 73 French-model, 57f pinch-skin, 107, 108f, 109 Surgery pack, general, 38 Hobday ’ s, 56f postgrafting, 109 Surgical classifi cations, 4–5, 4t s t r a w b e r r y , 5 7 f punch-skin, 109, 110f Surgical conscience, 5 Rochester-Carmalt forceps, 45f random pattern fl aps, 109, 111 Surgical gut, 62, 63t Roeder knot, 4-S modifi ed, 73, 73f recipient bed preparation, 107 Surgical instruments. See Instruments Roeder towel clamps, 42f tunnel grafting, 109, 111f Surgical judgment, 4 Romifi dine Skin punch, Keyes, 50f Surgical preparation. See specifi c surgical for anesthetic maintenance, 22t Skin staples, 67 techniques for tranquilization and sedation in Sliding H-fl ap, 105, 105f Surgical site, preparation of, 5–6 horses, 16, 17t Slipknot (two half-hitches), 71, 72f Suspensory desmitis, 124, 131 Rongeurs, 50f Small intestinal resection and Suspensory ligament, 134–136, 135f Rumenostomy (rumen fi stulation), 219– anastomosis, 231–232 Suture materials, 61–67 221, 220f Small ruminants. See also Goats; Sheep absorbable, 62, 65 Rumenotomy, 215–219, 217f–218f epidural anesthesia, 13t braided, 62, 65 Rumenotomy board, 56f surgery, 293–301 collagen, 62 cesarean section, 299–300 monofi lament, 65 Savage technique, 91, 91f dehorning of mature goat, 293–295, surgical gut (catgut), 62, 63t Scalpel, 33, 34f, 39f 294f antimicrobial impregnated, 65 Scalpel blade, 33, 34f, 35, 35f, 39f disbudding young goat, 295–296 Buhner perivaginal tape, 265–266, Scar tissue, removal of excessive, 105, mastectomy, 297–298 267f–268f 107f obstructive urolithiasis, 296–297 clinical application, 61–62 330 Index

Suture materials, (cont’d) general anesthesia in, 18–23, 21t, 22t Testicle common, table of, 63t–64t inguinal herniorrhaphy the piglet, 312, cattle ideal, properties of, 61 314, 315f calf castration, 235–236, 237f nonabsorbable, 65–67 intubation, 20–21 unilateral castration in cotton, 64t, 66 ovariohysterectomy in the pot-bellied bull, 257–258 nylon, 64t, 66 pig, 319 horse polyesters, 64t, 67 premedication in, 19 castration, 139–152, 141f–144f polymerized caprolactam, 64t, preputial diverticulum ablation, 316, cryptorchidectomy, 147f–152f, 66–67 317f 152–156 polypropylene and rectal prolapse ring llama castration, 303–304 polyethylene, 64t, 66 placement, 319–320 swine silk, 64t, 65–66 surgical site preparation, 6 castration, 311–312, 313f skin staples, 67 tranquilization and sedation, 16, 17t cryptorchid castration of stainless steel, 64t, 67 Synovitis, digital sheath, 127 piglets, 314, 316 in traumatic wounds, 96 Syringe Testosterone, measuring levels of, 146 Suture patterns, 77–91. See also specifi c bulb, 51f Tetanus prophylaxis, 5, 95 techniques dose, 59f Third eyelid resection, 288 basic patterns, 77–83 Three-forceps method of tissue continuous horizontal mattress, 79, Tail docking, rectal prolapse and, 300 ligation, 73, 75f, 76 79f Tape needle, modifi ed Buhner, 57f 3-loop pulley suture, 90f, 91 continuous lock stitch (Ford Teaser bull preparation, 248–252, Thumb forceps, 37, 37f interlocking), 83, 83f 249f–250f Tie-over dressings, 88, 88f cruciate (cross mattress), 81, 82f anesthesia and surgical Tiletamine/zolazepam (Telazol), for interrupted horizontal mattress, 79, preparation, 248 anesthetic induction 79f complications and prognosis, 252 in cattle and small ruminants, 20t near-far-far-near, 81, 81f, 105 corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) in horses, 19t simple continuous, 77–78, 78f thrombosis, 251–252 in swine, 21t simple interrupted, 77, 78f epididymectomy, 252, 253f Tissue adhesives, 67 subcuticular, 81, 82f indications, 248 Tissue forceps, 37, 42f vertical mattress, 79, 80f, 81, 105 penile fi xation, 250f, 251 Tooth Buhner ’ s method, 265–266, 267f–268f penile translocation, 248, 249f, 251 anatomy, 191 buried purse-string, 265–266, postoperative management, 252 removal in llama, 305–309, 307f–308f 267f–268f Teat bistoury, Udall, 57f repulsion of cheek teeth in for closure of hollow organs, 83–88 Teat cannula, 58f horses, 191–196, 193f–194f Connell, 85–86, 85f Teat curette, Cornell, 57f Total plasma protein (TPP), 24, 25t, 27 continuous Lembert, 84–85, 84f Teat knife, 57f Towel clamps, 37 Cushing, 84, 85f Teat lacerations, repair of, 283, 285–288, Backhaus, 42f double-layer inverting, 87–88 287f R o e d e r , 4 2 f Gambee, 87, 88f Teat slitter, 58f Tracheostomy, in horse, 177–179, 178f interrupted Lembert, 84, 84f Teat tube, 286 Tracheotomy, 288–289 Parker-Kerr oversew, 86, 86f Teat-tumor extractor, Hugs, 57f Tracheotomy tube, 59f purse-string, 86, 87f Telazol. See Tiletamine/zolazepam Tranquilization simple continuous, 87 (Telazol), for anesthetic induction in cattle, 16, 16t simple interrupted, 87, 87f Tendinitis in horses, 16, 17t for severed tendons, 88–91 in digital sheath, 127 purposes for, 16 locking-loop tendon suture, 89, 89f, superfi cial digital fl exor, 122, 124 in small ruminants, 16, 18t 91 Tendons, suture patterns for in swine, 16, 18t Savage technique, 91, 91f severed, 88–91, 89f–91f Transfi xation ligature, 73, 75f three-loop pulley pattern, 90f, 91 Tenotomy Traumatic wounds, assessment of, 93–94 stent bandage (tie-over dressing), 88, deep digital fl exor, 126–127 Trephination, in horses, 192, 193f–194f, 88f lateral digital extensor, 114, 116–119, 195 Utrecht method of uterine 117f–118f Trephine closure, 259, 262f–264f superfi cial digital fl exor, 124–126, Galt, 53f Suturing traumatic wounds, 96 125f M i c h e l , 5 1 f Swine Tenotomy knife, 50f Triclosan, 63t, 65 castration of the piglet, 311–312, 313f Tension-relieving skin incisions, 103– Triple drip solution, 19–21, 21t–22t cesarean section, 317–319, 318f 104, 104f , 99, 100f cryptorchid castration of piglets, 314, Tension suture corkscrew, 58f 316 interrupted horizontal mattress, 79, wood-handle cattle, 58f epidural anesthesia, 10–11, 14t 79f Tuohy spinal needle, 11 fl uid balance evaluation, normal values near-far-far-near, 81, 81f, 105 Twitch, 52f for, 25t vertical mattress, 79, 80f, 81, 105 Typhlotomy, 231 Index 331

Udder infusion tube, 58f Vesicovaginal refl ux, 159 excision and debridement, 95 Umbilical herniorrhaphy in the Viborg ’ s triangle approach, to guttural exploration of wound, 94–95 foal, 207–210, 208f–209f pouches, 186, 187f preparation of wound, 94 Umbilical surgery, 289–290 Vicryl, 63t, 65 Wounds, reconstructive surgery Umbilical tape, 66 Visceral prolapse, in equine castration of, 103–111 United States Army chisel, 49f complication, 145–146 closure using tension-relieving United States Army retractor, 37, 47f Volkmann double-ended curette, 49f incisions, 103–104, 104f Upper respiratory tract surgery in the Volkmann retractor, 37, 47f elliptical excision undermining for horse, 177–189 Volvulus repair of elongated defect, 103, Urethral appendage, removal of abomasal, 221 104f goat, 296–297 cecal, 231 scar tissue removal, 105, 107f Urethroplasty by caudal relocation of the Vulsellum forceps, 37, 45f skin grafting, 105–111 transverse fold, 159–160, Vulva, retention suturing of, 265–266, bandaging, 109 161f–162f 267f–268f meshed grafts, 107 Urethrostomy, in cattle, 236, 238, pinch-skin, 107, 108f, 109 239f–240f, 241 Water, withholding prior to surgery, 18 postgrafting, 109 Urine pooling, 159 Weingarth ’ s ring, 216 punch-skin, 109, 110f Urogenital surgery Weitlaner retractor, 38, 47f random pattern fl aps, 109, 111 in cattle, 235–270 Whitehouse approach, to guttural recipient bed preparation, 107 in horses, 139–174 pouches, 186 tunnel grafting, 109, 111f Urolithiasis Wire-cutting scissors, 41f sliding H-fl ap, 105, 105f in cattle, 238 Wound contraction, 93 Z-plasty, 105, 106f obstructive in small Wound management, 93–101 ruminants, 296–297 antibiotic therapy, 95 Xylazine Uterine biopsy forceps, Jackson, 56f antiinfl ammatory drug therapy, for anesthetic induction Utrecht method of uterine closure, 259, 95–96 in cattle and small ruminants, 20t 262f–264f assessment of traumatic in horses, 19t wounds, 93–94 in swine, 21t Vaginal prolapse, in cattle closure and healing, 96–97 for anesthetic maintenance, 22t cervicoplexy for, 266, 268–270, 269f delayed primary, 96 epidural use of, 10, 13t–14t retention suturing (Buhner ’ s primary, 96 for tranquilization and sedation method), 265–266, 267f–268f secondary-intention, 96–97 in cattle, 16t Vaginal speculum, 54f wound care prior to closing, 97 in horses, 16, 17t Vasectomy, in small ruminants, 298–299 drains, 97–101 in small ruminants, 16, 18t Ventilatory compromise, in anesthetized active, 99, 100f–101f in swine, 17t horses, 23 fenestrated tube, 99, 100f Ventral midline laparotomy, in for hygromas, 98, 98f , 51f horse, 196–202, 197f–200f indications, 97 Ventriculectomy/ventriculocordectomy, passive, 97–98 Zolazepam. See Tiletamine/zolazepam in horse, 179–183, 181f–183f Penrose, 98, 98f (Telazol), for anesthetic Vertical mattress suture, 79, 80f, 81, for peritoneal drainage, 99, 101f induction 105 sump-Penrose, 99, 101f Z-plasty, 105, 106f