Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 108(3), Sept-Dec 2011 183-205 INVENTORY OF FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN

INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA (: HETEROCERA) OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS, MAHARASHTRA,

V. S HUBHALAXMI1, ROGER C. KENDRICK2, ALKA VAIDYA3, NEELIMA KALAGI4 AND ALAKA BHAGWAT5

1Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India. Email: [email protected] 2C & R Wildlife, 129 San Tsuen Lam Tsuen, Tai Po, New Territories, . Email: [email protected] 3J-145, Lokmanya Nagar, Kataria Marg, Mahim, Mumbai 400 016, Maharashtra, India. Email: [email protected] 4B-1/101, Mahakaleshwar Bldg., Madhav Sansar Complex, Khadakpada, Kalyan 421 301, Maharashtra, India. Email: [email protected] 5Gangal Bldg., M. Karve Road, Naupada, Thane 400 602, Maharashtra, India. Email: [email protected]

This paper presents an inventory of 418 of (303 identified to species, 116 identified to ) from 28 families belonging to 15 superfamilies, which were recorded by light trapping at eight sites in northern Western Ghats, India. Of the species recorded, with reference to their published distribution ranges, 11 species from five families appear to be new records for India, range extensions were noted for 130 species from 16 families, and 25 species from six families are endemic to India. The dominant families were , Geometridae, and . The highest number of moths were recorded from Malshej Ghat, Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Bheemashankar Wildlife Sanctuary. The highest species diversity was recorded from Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Amboli, Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary and Malshej Ghat showed a number of new records and seem to support interesting and endemic moth fauna. Amboli and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary need further detailed sampling, as these areas have been largely unexplored for moths. Extensive sampling in Sanjay Gandhi National Park resulted in many range extensions for the northern Western Ghats; this indicates that if sampling is intensified additional records may also be generated at the other sites. It was concluded that the moth diversity of northern Western Ghats is similar to that of north-east India. Further systematic and intensive surveys will yield more data.

Keywords: northern Western Ghats, moths, geographical range, Maharashtra, Amboli, Bheemashankar Wildife Sanctuary, Koyna, , Malshej Ghat, Matheran, Phansad, Sanjay Gandhi National Park

INTRODUCTION elevations it forms the Sahyadris moist deciduous forests. The cooler and wetter Sahyadris montane rain forests occur The Western Ghats are a chain of hills stretching above 1,000 m elevation. In Maharashtra, there are excellent 1,440 km from the north of Mumbai to the tip of examples of the rich Sahyadris forests, but this forest is highly the Indian peninsula at Kanyakumari. The habitat comprises fragmented and is being increasingly degraded by human of four tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests – the exploitation. The loss and fragmentation of tropical rainforest, northern Western Ghats moist deciduous forest, northern which holds a major proportion of the world’s biodiversity, Western Ghats montane rain forest, southern Western Ghats remains a crucial global conservation problem (Whitmore moist deciduous forest, and southern Western Ghats montane 1997; Kapoor 2006). There is a paucity of research on rain forest. The region receives high rainfall, which occurs invertebrates even though they make up a significant portion primarily during the south-west monsoon. The Western Ghats of the diversity in tropical rainforests (Klein 1989). are important catchment areas for nearby cities, towns and Also, being sensitive to environmental change, invertebrates villages. The lush green environment of the Western Ghats is are important indicators to help understand the effects of suitable for a wide variety of organisms. In addition to processes such as habitat fragmentation (Jansen 1997; endangered plants, a large number of species, over Miyashita et al. 1998). 330 vertebrate species and at least 37 butterfly species (Ranjit Ranjit Daniels (2003) records several conservation- Daniels 2003), are endemic to the Western Ghats. oriented studies, mostly on plants and vertebrates, of this The northern Western Ghats (known locally and biodiversity hotspot. However, there is little information on hereafter referred to as the Sahyadris) begin in southern invertebrates. The present preliminary study aims to make an Gujarat and run south through Maharashtra to Goa. This part inventory as a baseline for future studies on the moths of the of the range is generally drier than the southern part; at lower Sahyadris, to enable informed conservation efforts and

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 183 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS ecological studies of these in the Western Ghats. This effort among different sites in the study area. The most moth survey is the first of its kind to be undertaken in the intensively surveyed areas were Sanjay Gandhi National Park Sahyadris. and Malshej Ghat, where substantial work was carried out. The light traps were operated during new moon nights in Abbreviations used in the text and tables areas with minimum illumination for good catch. Altogether, AM = Amboli; BMNH = Natural History Museum, 84 light traps were set up from 2004-2008. London (ex. British Museum (Natural History)); BNHS = The light trap comprised a 3 x 4 m white cloth stretched Bombay Natural History Society; BWS = Bhimashankar between two posts or trees, in front of which was hung a Wildlife Sanctuary; DD = data deficient; EN = endemic; mercury vapour light bulb (Philips, B/73, ML 160 W) KWS = Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary; MB = Mahabaleshwar; (William 1987). This set-up is more suited to tropical MG = Malshej Ghat; MN = Matheran; NR = new record for conditions than are box or tub style traps, such as the Robinson India; PWS = Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary; RE = range trap or Skinner trap (Waring 1994). A portable generator extension; SGNP = Sanjay Gandhi National Park; Nil: (Honda, GK 200, 2.28 KW/ 3600 rpm) was used for power Nothing to mention. supply. The survey team camped in resorts with close proximity to forests; the light traps were operated overnight METHODOLOGY from 19:00 hrs to 05:00 hrs. The light traps were switched off at 05:00 hrs to allow the moths (and other insects) to In 2004-2008, a study on moths was initiated and the disperse before sunrise, which usually happened after 05:30 northern Western Ghats (Sahyadris) were chosen as the study hrs; this was to prevent their predation by birds (Longcore area for documenting the moth fauna. Eight sites were selected and Rich 2004). from the southern, central and northern parts of the Sahyadris Moths attracted to the light traps were photographed. on the basis of their habitat conditions, and uniqueness of Where necessary, a maximum of five voucher specimens per their known biodiversity and bionomic status. The sites are species were collected for identification. These specimens listed in Table 1. were killed in plastic containers with ethyl acetate vapour Moths were surveyed primarily by use of light traps, and pinned (Dickson 1992) the following day. All specimens but also by day time field visits. The survey was conducted are currently retained by the first author at the Conservation for a year and included the main moth flight season (May Education Centre of the Bombay Natural History Society, through October). Light traps were infrequently set up in the Mumbai. Besides data collected through light traps, study areas either once a month/weekly in case of Malshej photographic evidences have also been considered when Ghat and Sanjay Gandhi National Park, wherein the light traps listing the species. were operated for two consecutive nights and one night, Identification of moths and compilation of distribution respectively. The remaining locations were visited ranges were carried out with the assistance of literature occasionally during the mothing season and the light traps sources: Hampson (1892-96), Bell and Scott (1937), were operated for two to four consecutive nights. This being Holloway (1983-2005), Arora and Gupta (1979), Barlow and a prelimary study the data collected was not systematic and D’Abrera (1982), Peigler (1989), Robinson et al. (1994), uniform from all locations. This resulted in unequal recording Shubhalaxmi and Chaturvedi (1999), Kendrick (2002, 2004),

Table 1: Sites surveyed, their location, habitat

Site name Latitude (North) Longitude (East) Elevation Habitat type (in metres)

Sanjay Gandhi National Park 19° 18'-19° 21' 72° 53'-72° 58' 486 Semi-moist deciduous forest. Malshej Ghat 19° 20' 73° 47' 500-900 High hilly region with stunted hill top vegetation and evergreen patches in deep ravines. Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary 19° 04' 73° 32' ~1,000 Southern tropical semi-evergreen forest. Matheran 18° 57'-19° 00' 73° 15'-73° 17' ~750 Evergreen forest. Declared an ecosensitive zone. Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary 18° 21'-18° 24' 72° 55'-72° 58' 100-200 Coastal forest ecosystem. Mahabaleshwar 17° 55' 73° 55' ~1,350 Evergreen forest. Declared an ecosensitive zone. Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary 17° 27' 73° 50' 600-1,100 Southern tropical evergreen forests and southern moist mixed deciduous forest. Amboli 15° 57' 74° 00' ~750 Evergreen forest.

184 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS

Pittaway and Kitching (2004), Kononenko and Pinratana Table 2: List of Recorded Moth Families and Species (2005), Smetacek (2008) and personal communications from Families Number of Species I.J. Kitching, based on the BMNH collection. Web-based resources used to aid identification included Herbison-Evans 1. Hepialidae 1 and Crossley (n.d.), Beccaloni et al. (n.d.), Beck and Kitching 2. Adelidae 1 3. Tineidae 1 (n.d.), Savela (1999), Anonymous (2003), Zwier (2004), and 4. Oecophoridae 2 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information 5. Gelechiidae 1 (2007). Taxonomic order follows Holloway et al. (1983- 6. Gracillariidae 1 2000), with updated to follow Lafontaine and 7. Lecithoceridae 1 Fibiger (2006), and Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010). 8. Sesiidae 1 9. Cossidae 2 As identification of all moth species was not possible 10. 19 due to lack of literature and genitalia dissection facility, some 11. 2 were identified to genus level. Species identified to genus 12. Torticidae 1 and superficially similar to a particular species, though 13. Crambidae 42 identification is unconfirmed, have been referred to in the 14. 6 15. 6 text as genus c.f. species. 16. Pterophoridae 3 17. Sphingidae 45 RESULTS 18. Bombycidae 3 19. Eupterotidae 4 The study recorded 418 moth taxa (303 identified to 20. 5 21. 5 species and 116 identified to genus level) from 28 moth 22. 8 families belonging to 15 superfamilies. Of these, 11 species 23. Geometridae 65 from five families are new records for India, of which 24. 17 maximum are from Family Erebidae (n = 4), and from Malshej 25. Erebidae 128 Ghat (n=4). The study area details are given in Table 1. 26. 4 27. 9 There were 130 species from 16 families for which 28. 35 range extensions were recorded. Maximum range extensions were recorded from Family Erebidae (n = 47) and Malshej Total 418 Ghat (n = 89). Altogether, 25 species from six families 26 families) followed by Bheemashankar Wildlife Sanctuary recorded were endemic to India. Maximum endemic species (n = 211 in 16 families) and Malshej Ghat (n = 239 in were recorded from Family Erebidae (n = 9) and Malshej 15 families). Ghat (n = 16). Among the moth families, the highest species Details of individual taxa recorded are given in Table 4 richness was recorded for Family Erebidae (n = 128), followed Despite unequal sampling we have presented a list of all sites by Geometridae (n = 65) and Crambidae (n = 47) (see Table (Table 3). Though incomplete, this provisional list is valuable 2). Among the study sites, highest species richness was as it provides baseline data on moths of the northern Western recorded for Sanjay Gandhi National Park (n = 226 in Ghats (Table 3).

Table 3: Summary of Moth Fauna by Site

Locations Number of No. of Species Number of New Number of Number of Range Nights when (No. of families) Records Endemic Species Extensions Light Traps were operated

Mahabaleshwar 2 8 (4) 0 1 2 Matheran 2 12 (4) 0 1 1 Phansad WS 4 30 (11) 1 0 5 Amboli 4 83 (10) 3 1 27 Koyna WS 4 126 (14) 4 3 35 Bheemashankar WS 8 211 (16) 1 4 39 Sanjay Gandhi NP 48 226 (26) 1 14 70 Malshej Ghat 12 239 (15) 4 16 89

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 185 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS MG DD

SGNP DD BWS BWS SGNP DD SGNP DD DD DD

SGNP DD SGNP DD

Myanmar, SGNP RE al, , , MG SGNP, RE Bangladesh, , , Kerala) MG SGNP, RE EN, , New Guinea, , New Guinea

Myanmar, , Malaysia Myanmar,

Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western Ghats and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western Status

: Table 4 Table 1855) India, Myanmar to Malaya, Java, , AM – , Moore, 1879Moore, India (Sikkim, Manipur) MG EN, RE Walker, 1855 Walker, India (Nagaland, southern India), Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia () MG RE (Le Guillou, 1841) Guillou, (Le Bengal), Sri Lanka, Indonesia, China, India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West BWS MG, RE Walker, 1856Walker, India (West Bengal, east to north-west Himalaya), Nep (Walker, 1864) (Walker, China India, Sri Lanka, , PWS SGNP, — Swinhoe, 1889 India (Karnataka) MG EN, RE Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 Herrich-Schäffer, India (Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh), (Walker Moore, 1858/59 India (Karnataka, sp. DD Walker, 1859 Walker, China, Malaysia, Indonesia southern India), Vietnam, India (Sikkim, Manipur, KWS RE sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD Walker, 1862 Walker, India (Sikkim, Jharkhand, southern India), Sri Lanka MG RE sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD Altha nivea Cania bilinea Cania pulligonis Cania Cheromettia apicata Miresa nivaha Narosa conspersa Parasa bicolor Zeuzera indica Xyleutes persona Stathmopoda Dichomeris Caloptilia Lecithocera Paranthrene Tonica niviferana Tonica Edosa Adela Phassus signifer Sesiidae, Paranthreninae Lecithoceridae Cossidae, Cossinae Gracillariidae Oecophoridae Tineidae Gelechiidae, Dichomeridinae Limacodidae, Limacodinae 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 11. Zeuzerinae 10. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4. 3. 2. 1. Adelidae, Adelinae Hepialidae, Subfamily Unassigned (x) (ix) (v) (vii) (viii) Stathmopodinae (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) ZYGAENOIDEA

COSSOIDEA SESIOIDEA

GELECHIOIDEA TINEOIDEA INCURVARIOIDEA HEPIALOIDEA VII VI (vi) V IV III II No.I Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

186 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS – MG DD SGNPPWSKWS, SGNP, BWS, PWSMG DD DD DD MG DD SGNP DD SGNP DD DD BWSKWS DD SGNP, BWS, KWSSGNP, – BWS, KWS ) contd. Lanka, Myanmar, IndonesiaLanka, Myanmar, BWS, MG, SGNP, – Nepal, Bangladesh,AM MG, SGNP, RE , Indonesia, Malaysia SGNP RE Korea. Saudi Arabia, Central America, Myanmar, ThailandMyanmar, MG, SGNP, RE Tamil Nadu), NepalTamil BWS SGNP, RE , Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar SGNP RE Sri Lanka, Myanmar Myanmar, IndonesiaMyanmar, SGNP RE Uttarakhand), Sri Sri Lanka, , DD Australia, Is., Malaysia (Borneo), DD Africa, (Borneo), Australia Malaysia (Borneo), Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, , New Guinea,Australia, Africa Mauritius, La Réunion KWS, AM : Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western Ghats ( : Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western Table 4 Table (Guenée, 1854) India, China, Thailand, Australia KWS – (Boisduval, 1833)(Boisduval, Africa,Australia, Thailand, China, Japan, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, KWS (Walker, 1859) (Walker, and E. ), India (N.W. (Geyer, 1837) (Geyer, India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Nagaland), Sri Walker, 1859Walker, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) KWS MG, – (Guenée, 1854)(Guenée, India (Andaman Is.), Sri Lanka, China, Walker, 1855 Walker, (Sikkim, India 1854)(Guenée, China, Indonesia,Andaman Is.), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India (Maharashtra, Gujarat, BWS KWS, SGNP, – (Walker, 1866) (Walker, Indonesia India (Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, KWS RE Butler, 1880 Butler, Indonesia China, Vietnam, India (Sikkim), , Nepal, Bhutan, MG RE (Saunders, 1851)(Saunders, India, Nepal, China, Indo-Australia, Japan, (Walker, 1855) (Walker, India (Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya Guenée, 1854 Nepal, China, Indonesia and (Baluchistan), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India, Pakistan BWS, MG, SGNP, – Hering, 1931Malaysia Myanmar, China, Sikkim), (Meghalaya, India AM MG, RE Moore, 1859(Sikkim), India (Clerck, 1759)Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland), China, India (Sikkim, (Cramer, 1799) (Cramer, Throughout India and Sri Lanka BWS KWS, SGNP, – Walker 1859 Walker China, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) Nadu), Bhutan, Myanmar, India (Tamil AM KWS, SGNP, DD sp. DD sp. DD machlopis dharma sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD c.f. c.f. sp. DD Thosea grandis Thosea Phlossa Phocoderma Scopelodes Scopelodes venosa aedea Artona Archips Aetholix flavibasalis Aetholix ostentalis scissalis hilaralis Parasa dharma Parasa herbifera Parasa lepida Parasa pastoralis Parasa Dichocrocis nilusalis Cydalima laticostalis asialis Cnaphalocrocis poeyalis Conogethes punctiferalis Daulia affralis Diaphania indica Crambidae Tortricidae, Tortricinae Tortricidae, 29. 30. 25. 26. 27. 28. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 45. 42 39. 40. 41. 43. 44. Zygaenidae, (xii) (xiii) (xi) TORTRICOIDEA: : VIII IX No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 187 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS SGNP, KWS, AM KWS, SGNP, RE KWS DD SGNP, MG, KWS MG, SGNP, RE KWS RE AM SGNP KWS DD – ) contd. Malaysia, Australia, North andMalaysia, KWS, MG, SGNP, – southern India, Andaman Is.), southern India, al, China, Thailand, Vietnam,al, China, BWS, MG, SGNP, RE an, China (including Hong Kong), MG, SGNP, Malaysia, Australia Africa SGNP – al, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaya, China, Thailand, Vietnam, al, Myanmar, SGNP RE Is.), Nepal, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Bali) SGNP RE Thailand, Malaysia KWS, MG, SGNP, – Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, W. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Taiwan, , , Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, New Guinea, Caledonia, Tasmania, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea, America, , , Micronesia, Polynesia, South and Central AMKWS, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar Africa – China, Java, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines, , Singapore, Nepal, America, South North Africa Australia, Tahiti, , Tonga, Australia New Guinea, DD Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, Australia, AfricaAustralia, Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, KWS, AM Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines, New Guinea, , Fiji Africa. Australia, Papua New Guinea, , Fiji, West China, Japan, New Guinea, DD America Africa, southern EuropeAmerica, South AM Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, America DD Philippines, Japan, Australia Philippines, Japan, DD Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western Ghats ( Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western

: Table 4 Table Butler, 1879Butler, China, Indonesia, Japan India (Assam), Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal, BWS RE (Zeller, 1852) (Zeller, Australia, Thailand, Indo-china, China, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, KWS – (Guenée,1854)Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, KWS, AM – (Guenée, 1854)(Guenée, India (Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Seychelles, Vietnam, KWS RE (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, India (Andaman & Nicobar Zeller, 1852Zeller, India, (Walker, 1859) (Walker, India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines. KWS – luctuosalis (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Hubner, 1832 Hubner, Indonesia India (Sikkim), Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam, AM MG, RE Walker, 1859 Walker, India (Sikkim), Sri Lanka, Nep Guenée, 1854Assam, western India and (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Walker, 1859Walker, India, Nepal, China, Guenée, 1854Guenée, Thailand, Vietnam,Assam), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, India (Sikkim, SGNP MG, RE (Hampson, 1893)(Hampson, Bengal, Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea India (Sikkim, West AM KWS, RE (Swainson, 1821)(Swainson, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa, India (Sikkim), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, KWS RE Walker, 1859Walker, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, China, India (Sikkim), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, KWS RE c.f. Snellen, 1880Indonesia. Taiwan, China, India, KWS – (Cramer, 1780)(Cramer, Nep Nadu), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India (Tamil linealis alboflavalis actorionalis (Fabricius, 1787) Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Jap India, Pakistan, sp. DD c.f. c.f. c.f. Maruca vitrata Pycnarmon Lygropia quaternalis Lygropia Lamprosema commixta Nausinoe geometralis analis Omiodes diemenalis Pagyda salvalis Parotis marginata Pleuroptya iopasalis Pygospila tyres Sameodes cancellalis caesalis Glyphodes stolalis Haritalodes derogata Herpetogramma Spoladea recurvalis egialealis Terastia Glyphodes Glyphodes bicolor Glyphodes bivitralis Filodes fulvidorsalis Tyspanodes Tyspanodes Hyalobathra 56. 63. 55. 54. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 64. 65. 50. 51. 52. 53. 66. 67. 49. 47. 48. 46. 68. 69. No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

188 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS

KWSSGNP, PWSSGNP DD DD MGSGNP, DD – PWS DD SGNPBWSBWS DD DD DD KWS DD KWS – SGNP DD BWSSGNP DD DD ) Japan, SGNP RE contd. Indonesia, SGNP – Sri Lanka, China, India, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Lanka, China, Taiwan, Korea, Taiwan, Lanka, China, and South America, Braziland South SGNP —

West Bengal, Meghalaya), Nepal, China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Bengal, Meghalaya), Nepal, China, West Indonesia

New Guinea, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji New Guinea, DD DD Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) North America Java, Indonesia, China Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) Malaysia, Hawaii, Spain Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western Ghats ( Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western

: Table 4 Table Snellen, 1880Snellen, Africa, India (Punjab, Maharashtra), Europe, (Walker, 1865) (Walker, Thailand, Nadu), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, India (Punjab, Tamil KWS RE (Butler, 1875)(Butler, India (eastern & western Himalaya northern (Walker, 1859)(Walker, Australia, North India, (Walker, 1863)(Walker, India Assam, (Punjab, Kolkata), Sri (Lederer, 1863) (Lederer, Sri Lanka, Himalayas Nagaland, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka), India (N.W. KWS – Moore, 1860Moore, Andaman Is.), Sri Lanka, Myanmar,Assam, hills of southern India, India (Sikkim, AM RE (Walker, 1862)(Walker, Japan,Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, PWS KWS, SGNP, — Walker, 1863Walker, Nepal, China, Japan KWS NR sp. DD sp. 1sp. 2 DD DD Swinhoe, 1890Swinhoe, Nadu), Myanmar India (Sikkim, Tamil KWS RE postalbalis Nymphulinae] . sp. DD

sp. DD c.f. sp. 3 DD sp. 1sp. 2 DD DD sp sp. DD sp. DD Chilo suppressalis Emmelina Megalorrhipida Hellinsia Marumba spectabilis Striglina scitaria Striglina Striglina Striglina Striglina Collinsa Eristena Paracymoriza vagalis Parapoynx diminutalis Bostra indicator Ocrasa torridalis Tamraca suradeva Vitessa Zitha tactilis Salma Banisia myrsusalis Glaucocharis Glaucocharis Pyralidae Sphingidae Pterophoridae Thyrididae, Striglininae 70. Crambinae 88. 89. 90. , 91. 84. 85. 86. 87. 83. Epipaschiinae 73. 74. 75. Pyralinae 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. Acentropinae [= 71. 72. (xiv) BOMBYCOIDEA (xvi) (xvii) PTEROPHOROIDEA THYRIDOIDEA (xv) XII XI X

No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 189 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS MG, BWS,MG, –

SGNP, MG, BWS MG, SGNP, EN KWS BWS MG, SGNP, RE ) Assam, BWS, MG, SGNP, – contd. Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal,Lanka, Myanmar, MG SGNP, – garh, Rajasthan, KWS SGNP, – arakhand, Sikkim, Assam,arakhand, Sikkim, BWS, MG, SGNP, – arakhand, Sikkim, Assam,arakhand, Sikkim, BWS, MG, SGNP, – arakhand, Madhya Pradesh, KWS MG, SGNP, – Pradesh, Andaman Is.), Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya,Nagaland, Manipur, MG SGNP, – West Bengal, Maharashtra), Sri Lanka, SGNP – Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sri Lanka SGNP, Karnataka, Andhra Karnataka, Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan, Japan Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan, Is.), Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Is.), Pakistan, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Maharashtra,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Gujarat, Andaman Australia, the Pacific and Africa, Indonesia, Mongolia, Siberia, Japan, Southern Europe KWS, MB, MN Mizoram, Maharashtra,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nadu, Gujarat, Goa, Tamil KWS, MB, MN Jharkhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh), Nadu, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Sri Lanka Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Andhra Pradesh), Sri Lanka Nadu, Karnataka, Tamil India, Myanmar, ChinaIndia, Myanmar, Philippines, China, Taiwan Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Mizoram, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Myanmar Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry, Bhutan China, Thailand, Vietnam, SGNP – Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Gujarat, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Andaman Is.), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Philippines, Australia Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Karnataka,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Andaman & Nicobar islands), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Thailand, S. China, Philippines, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan, Malaysia (Borneo), Taiwan KWS Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Philippines, Hawaii Is., Russia Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western Ghats ( Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from northern Western

: ]) Maharashtra), Sri Uttarakhand, India (Jammu & Kashmir, 1865 , [ Table 4 Table 1847) Himachal Pradesh, Utt India (Jammu & Kashmir, 1907) Chattis India (Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Bihar,

(Cramer, 1780) (Cramer, Himachal Pradesh, India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Cramer, 1779)(Cramer, China, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, AM – (Cramer, 1777)(Cramer, Sikkim, Pakistan, India (Uttarakhand, Walker Westwood, 1847 Westwood, Malaysia, Indonesia,Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, MG RE ( (Jordan, 1923) India (southern India) BWS, MG EN, RE Fabricius, 1798Fabricius, Himachal Pradesh, Utt India (Jammu & Kashmir, hauxwelli Rothschild & Jordan, 1903India)southern (Maharashtra, India MB EN, RE f. (Walker, 1856) (Walker, India (Maharashtra, Karnataka), Hampson, 1907 India (Maharashtra, southern India) (Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, Himachal Pradesh, Utt India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Hampson, (Westwood, (Walker, 1856) (Walker, Himachal India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Cramer, 1777)(Cramer, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, India (Sikkim, Agrius convolvuli Acherontia lachesis Agnosia orneus Agnosia microta Marumba indicus Marumba nympha Sataspes tagalica lineata Clanis phalaris Polyptychus dentatus Amplypterus panopus substrigilis Psilogramma menephron Psilogramma increta Psilogramma increta Marumba dyras Marumba poliotis 106. 107. Sphinginae, Acherontini Sphinginae, 104. 105. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. Smerinthinae, Ambulycini 100. 101. Sphingini Sphinginae, 102. 103. 92. 93.

No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

190 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS SGNP, MG, BWS MG, SGNP, RE MN – MGSGNP, – MGSGNP, – SGNP – ) Assam, SGNP – contd. Lanka, Nepal, China, KWS MG, SGNP, – Bangladesh, SGNP – Islands SGNP – aka), Africa, Sri Lanka, aka), Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines, BWS, MG, SGNP, RE arakhand, Sikkim, Assam,arakhand, Sikkim, BWS, MG, SGNP, – Assam,arakhand, Sikkim, MN, MG, SGNP, – Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, PWS SGNP, – Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan Nadu, Karnat iland, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Japan Indonesia, Taiwan, iland, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Maldive Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Sikkim, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Assam, Sikkim, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, India.), Sri Lanka, China, Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh), China, Nadu, Karnataka, Lanka, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Lanka, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Tha Japan Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar, Malaysia, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam Malaysia, Bhutan, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Goa, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Bhutan, Nepal, East , South-East Asia, Australia Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Nadu, Karnataka), Nepal, Tamil Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Malaysia, Indonesia Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, Myanmar, Bhutan, (, Java), Philippines Malaysia, Indonesia Thailand, Vietnam, Bhutan, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra), Sri Lanka, Karnataka, Tamil Thailand Myanmar, Pakistan, Bhutan, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Maharashtra,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Andaman Is), Sri Gujarat, Arabia, Iraq, Iran Indonesia, Saudi KWS Australia Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry, Nadu, Tamil BWS, KWS Thailand, China, Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia Vietnam, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Japan, Thailand, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Gujarat), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bhutan, Africa, Mauritius, Malaysia, Europe,, Assam, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra), Assam, West China, Sri Lanka, Nepal, : Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats ( Table 4 Table Rothschild & India (Maharashtra, southern India), Boisduval, 1875 India, Malaysia, Philippines MG – Walker, 1856Walker, Andaman Islands), China India (Eastern Himalaya, southern India, MG RE (Butler, 1876)(Butler, Andaman Is.), Thailand, Indonesia, India (Sikkim, Walker, 1856 Walker, Himachal India (Jammu & Kashmir, Walker, 1856 Walker, India (Eastern Himalaya, southern

(Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Pakistan, India (Jammu & Kashmir, Boisduval, 1875 India (Sikkim, northern India, Maharashtra, southern India), Sri (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, Himachal Pradesh, Utt India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Walker, 1856) (Walker, Himachal India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Walker,1856) Tamil E. Himalaya, India (W.& (Westwood,1848) Himachal Pradesh, Utt India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, Himachal India (Jammu & Kashmir, sp. Himachal Pradesh, India (Jammu & Kashmir, Jordan, 1903 Cephonodes Neogurelca hyas Meganoton rubescens Nephele hespera Acosmeryx shervillii Acosmeryx pseudonaga Macroglossum gyrans Macroglossum particolor Acherontia styx Dolbina inexacta Dolbina inexacta Daphnis nerii Macroglossum corythus Macroglossum sitiene Macroglossum belis Macroglossinae, Dilophonotini 111. 112. 110. Macroglossinae, Macroglossini, Macroglossina 113. 115. 116. 117. 118. 108. 109. 114. 120. 121. 119. No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 191 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS – MGSGNP, – SGNP, MGSGNP, – MGSGNP, MG, SGNP, RE KWS SGNP, MGSGNP, – ) an, Australia contd. and throughout the world BWS MG, SGNP, RE Taiwan, Jap Taiwan, an, China, Europe, Africa an, China, Europe, arakhand, Meghalaya, BWS MG, SGNP, – arakhand, Sikkim, Assam,arakhand, Sikkim, Assam,arakhand, Sikkim, BWS, MG, SGNP, – BWS, MG, SGNP, – Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, BWS, MG, SGNP, Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, – Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Nadu, Tamil Nadu)Tamil MG SGNP, EN India), Pakist Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Sikkim, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Sikkim, Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sri Lanka BWS, MG, SGNP, RE

Orissa, Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Sikkim, West Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Lakshadweep Assam, Pradesh, Haryana, Thailand, southern China Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Islands, Archipelago), Philippines, eastern Indonesia, (Ryukyu to southern Japan Taiwan and Papua New Guinea except in the far North, New Zealand Malaysia (Borneo), Taiwan Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, West Bengal, Mizoram, West Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Andaman Is.), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines Thailand, China, Taiwan, Mizoram, Gujarat,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Andaman Is.), Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Maharashtra, Goa, Thailand Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Bhutan, BWS, KWS – Bengal, Mizoram, West Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Andaman Is.), Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Indonesia Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, KWS, AM MN, Sikkim), Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Sikkim), Sri Lanka, China, Iran Turkey, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram), Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Kyrgyzstan, Greece, Bulgaria, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Turkey, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, West Bengal, Mizoram, West Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Indonesia Myanmar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka), Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, KWS Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, KWS Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats (

: ) Himachal Pradesh, Utt India (Jammu & Kashmir, Table 4 Table 1775) India (Western Himalaya and southern 1858) Indonesia, India (Eastern Himalaya, southern India), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, KWS MG, RE , , (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, Himachal Pradesh, Utt India (Jammu & Kashmir,

(Walker, 1856) (Walker, Andaman Is.), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, India (eastern Himalayas, southern India, MG RE (Bugnion, 1839) India (eastern Himalaya, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Utt

(Moore, 1872) India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, (Moore (Swinhoe, 1892)(Swinhoe, Tamil India (Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Cramer 1775 (Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, India (Western and Eastern Himalaya, southern India)

( (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, India (southern India), (Drury, 1773). (Drury, Himachal India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Cramer, 1779) (Cramer, Himachal India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, Himachal Pradesh, India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Drury, 1773) (Drury, Himachal Pradesh, India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Fabricius

Hippotion rosetta Hippotion rosetta Hippotion celerio Hippotion rafflesii Pergesa acteus Theretra nessus Hyles livornica Theretra boisduvalii Theretra alecto Theretra gnoma Theretra clotho Theretra lycetus Theretra oldenlandiae Theretra silhetensis Theretra castanea 122. Macroglossinae, Macroglossini, Choerocampina 123. 124. 125. 127. 126. 128. 131. 129. 130. 132. 133. 134. 135. No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

192 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS SGNPSGNP AM, PWS BWS, PWS NR, DD MG DD RE DD SGNP DD KWS BWS, MG, SGNP, – SGNP RE KWS, AM MGSGNP, DD a, BWS, MG, SGNP, – (Borneo), BWS, MG, SGNP, gal, Bihar, Oriss gal, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala),Karnataka, BWS MG, SGNP, – Gujarat), Sri Lanka BWS, MG, SGNP, – Lanka, China, Bhutan, BWS MG, SGNP, RE Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Bengal, Bihar, Nagaland), Sri Lanka, China,AM SGNP, RE Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia Bhutan BWS, MG, SGNP, RE Taiwan BWS, MG, SGNP, – Pradesh, Uttarakhand), Bhutan SGNP RE DD Bangladesh, Malaysia India (West Bengal, southern India, north-west Himalaya), Myanmar, Iraq, Pakistan Bengal, southern India, north-west Himalaya), Myanmar, India (West DD Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nadu), Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Bhutan, Tamil Russia, Malaysia Afghanistan, Philippines, AM, MB MN, Indonesia, Japan Bangladesh, Myanmar, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Bangladesh, Nadu), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Pakistan Myanmar, KWS, MB Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia Bangladesh, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea KWS RE

Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table 1883 Nadu, India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil - Brechlin, 2000Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia India (Himalaya, Maharashtra), Myanmar, BWS MG, – (Cramer, 1777) (Cramer, Kerala, Sikkim), Bangladesh India (Karnataka, PWS RE Walker, 1861 Walker, India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Hampson, 1891Hampson, India (Uttarakhand, southern India), Sri Moore, 1882 Moore, 1879 India (Himachal (Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, Assam, Meghalaya, West Sikkim, India (Kashmir, Guenée, 1857Guenée, China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, (Walker, 1855) (Walker, India (Sikkim, Nagaland), Bangladesh, (Moore, 1877) Sri Lanka (Lefèbvre, 1827)(Lefèbvre, Andaman Is.), Sri India (Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Walker, 1855 Walker, Bangladesh India (Nagaland, West Bengal, east to north-west Himalaya), Nepal, KWS, BWS MG, RE Lefèbvre, 1827) Moore, 1884 India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, sp. DD (Hübner, 1806) (Hübner, West Ben Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim, India (Kashmir, friedeli varians sp. DD c.f. sp.c.f. DD taprobanis Trilocha Trilocha Eupterote lineosa Eupterote murina Eupterote Ganisa similis selene nobilis aconyta Metanastria siva ( Streblote Ocinara Trilocha Attacus Antheraea paphia vishnou Trabala Arguda flavovittata Loepa schintlmeisteri Micronia aculeata Micronia aculeata Orudiza protheclaria Monobolodes leucocera Bombycidae, Bombycinae Uraniidae Eupterotidae, Eupterotinae Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae Saturniidae, Saturniinae 138. 139. 140. 141. Subfamily Unassigned 142. 143. 150. 151. 152. 136. 137. 144. 145. 148. 149. 147. 153. 154. 155. 156. (xx) (xix) LASIOCAMPOIDEA (xviii) (xxi) (xxii) XIII XIV No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 193 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS MGSGNP MG SGNP DD DD MGSGNP, DD AMMG, DD – DD

BWSSGNP DD – SGNP, MGSGNP, DD RE MGMGMGSGNPSGNP DD SGNP DD DD DD DD DD DD SGNP AM KWS, BWSMG DD PWS DD DD DD Guinea SGNP – an, Sri Lanka Nicobar Is.), China, AustraliaNicobar Is.), China, BWS, MG, SGNP, RE Fiji and BWS SGNP, — Assam, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh), , China, Indonesia, New al, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Australia Bangladesh, al, Myanmar, SGNP – north India) MG SGNP, EN DD India (North India, Uttarakhand), MalaysiaAM MG, SGNP, –

DD India, Bangladesh. SGNP – Nepal, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia DD DD Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats ) Table 4: Table Walker, 1862 Walker, Nadu, Kerala), Sri LankaTamil India (North India, MG RE (Guenée, 1857)(Guenée, Australia, New Britain India, MG – Guenée, 1858Guenée, Nadu), Sri Lanka India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Khasi Hills, Tamil KWS RE (Guenée, 1857) India (Central India, Sikkim, Walker, 1861Walker, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand), Nepal BWS RE (Walker, 1860) (Walker, Herrich-Schäffer, 1856 Herrich-Schäffer, India, Sri Lanka, Nep (Walker, 1861)(Walker, JapanThailand, China, Nepal, India, BWS – (Guenée, 1858)(Guenée, India (Maharashtra, Chennai, Uttarakhand), Pakist (Cramer, 1780 (Cramer, (Walker, 1861)(Walker, India (Maharashtra, (Walker, 1860)(Walker, Andaman & India (N.E. Himalaya, Uttarakhand, (Stoll, 1787)(Stoll, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Walker, 1862)(Walker, China Nepal, India, SGNP – subpilosa (Walker, 1860)(Walker, to Japan, Tropics Indo-Australian sp. DD clelia c.f. triangulata theclata c.f. sp. DD sp. DD c.f. c.f. sp. sp. DD sp. DD sp. 1sp. 2sp. 3sp. 4sp. 5sp. 6 DD DD DD DD DD DD sp. DD sp. DD Abraxas Gonodontis Heterostegane Eutoea heteroneurata Luxiaria Chiasmia frugaliata Chiasmia inchoata Chiasmia eleonora Godenela Hyperythra lutea Phazaca Decetia numicusaria Decetia subobscurata Hypochrosis hyadaria Achrosis incitata Plutodes transmutata medardaria Phazaca injectaria Cleora Cleora Cleora Cleora Cleora Cleora Biston Hyposidra talaca Dasyboarmia Krananda Alcis Amblychia hymenaria Chiasmia Chiasmia emersaria Geometridae 166. 167. , Cassymini 168. Ennominae, Eutoeini 169. 170. Ennominae, 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 165. Ennominae, Ennominae, Caberini 158. Auzeinae 159. 160. Ennominae, Hypochrosini 161. 162. Ennominae, Plutodini 163. 164. 157. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 182. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 176. Ennominae, (xxiii)

No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

194 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS SGNPSGNPMGMGSGNP DD DD MN, BWS,SGNP, MG EN, RE DD DD BWS, AM DD KWSKWS MGSGNP, DD BWS DD RE EN, DD BWSSGNP EN MN DD DD DD SGNP SGNPMG DD DD DD SGNP EN, RE KWS, AMSGNPBWS DD DD DD KWS DD SGNP SGNPMB DD EN – Peninsula),AM BWS, SGNP, RE est Bengal, Southern nataka, Tamil Nadu) nataka, Tamil southern India) DD DD India DD Philippines

DD DD DD Sri Lanka, Nepal, China

Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table 1863) India (Guenée, 1858)China India, (Walker, (Walker, (Hampson, 1891) (Hampson, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) India (Uttarakhand, Nilgiri Hills), Myanmar, BWS MG, RE Guenée, 1857Africa, China India, MG – Kollar, DD (Walker, 1861)(Walker, (Uttarakhand, India (Guenée, 1857)Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) India, China, SGNP – Walker, 1861Walker, China, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Korea KWS NR (Walker, 1860) (Walker, India (southern India), Sri Lanka MG RE Prout, 1926(Delhi) India (Walker, 1863) (Walker, Ryuku Is., Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Korea, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, MG – Butler, 1889 Butler, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, W (Swinhoe, 1891)(Swinhoe, India (Maharashtra, Goa, Kar Prout, 1912 India, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) MG – Prout, 1916 sp. DD orientalis (Fabricius, 1794)(Fabricius, Taiwan Bangladesh, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, AM – chlorargyra vivilaca sp. DD sp.c.f. DD emissaria pulchellata c.f. lycaenaria c.f. obliterata sp. DD sp. 1sp. 2sp. DD DD DD sp. DD c.f. c.f. c.f. sp. 8 DD sp. 7 DD c.f. Thalassodes Cleora Ectropis Ectropis Ruttellerona cessaria Aplochlora Dysphania percota Pingasa Herochroma Herochroma Agathia angustilimes Agathia eromena Agathia laetata Pelagodes falsaria Agathia Comostola Comibaena cassidara Maxates Hemithea tritonaria Thalassodes quadraria Cleora Eupithecia sp. 1Eupithecia sp. 2 Conolophia nigripuncta DD DD Zythos Scopula Scopula convectaria Timandra mundissima Traminda Scopula Problepsis vulgaris Antitrygodes cuneilinea Chrysocraspeda olearia Chrysocraspeda 210. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. , Dysphaniini 196. Geometrinae, Pseudoterpnini 197. 198. 199. Geometrinae, Geometrini 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. Geometrinae, Comibaenini 206. 207. 208. 209. 190. Larentiinae 221. 222. Desmobathrinae, Desmobathrini 223. 220. 216. 217. 218. 219. 215. 214. 211. 212. 213. No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 195 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS MG KWSSGNP, MG DD DD DD SGNP, MGSGNP, – MG SGNP DD DD

PWS DD SGNP SGNP BWS DD KWS, PWSPWS DD PWSBWS DD DD DD DD DD

New Guinea SGNP RE al, China, Korea, Japan MG SGNP, RE Lanka, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, MG SGNP, RE Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bengal, Sikkim), China SGNP RE

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo), Maharashtra, Tamil Korea India (N.E. Himalaya), China, Taiwan, Sundaland, Philippines (Mindanao)India (N.E. Himalaya), China, Taiwan, MG RE

New Guinea DD

Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table ) Himalayas, Uttarakhand, Sikkim), Nep India (N.W. 1865 , Hampson, 1892Hampson, India (N.E. Himalaya), China, Vietnam, (Moore, 1879) India (West Guenée, 1857Guenée, South China, Guam, Papua New GuineaAM MG, NR Moore (Moore, 1879) India (Sikkim), China PWS MG, SGNP, RE ( (Walker, 1856)(Walker, India (N.E. Himalaya), Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo) MG RE Walker, 1855Walker, India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Nagaland), Sri (Walker, 1855) (Walker, Nadu), Sri Lanka, ChinaAssam, Maharashtra, Tamil India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, SGNP MG, Nil Moore, 1859 China India (north-east and north-west Himalaya), Bhutan, MG RE Walker 1855Walker Pakistan Myanmar, SGNP NR sp. DD Swinhoe, 1907Taiwan Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), India, China, Myanmar, MG RE Matsumura, 1922 Matsumura, sp. DD Walker, 1856Walker, India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Nagaland), Myanmar MG RE Moore, 1859Moore, India (Sikkim, Nagaland, West Bengal, sp. DD sp. DD madana sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD c.f. sp. DD viridimaculata viridimaculata Eumelea ludovicata Eumelea ludovicata Oxymacaria Ambadra Hyperaeschrella Netria viridescens Gargetta Gargetta Eupydna testacea Phalera sangana Quadricalcarifera Syntypistis Phalera grotei Syntypistis fasciata Cleapa latifascia Micromelalopha Neodrymonia basalis Dudusa synopla longivitta Bireta pallidifascia Vaneeckeia Neocerura liturata Lymantria mathura Lymantria Lymantria Orgyia Arctornis Nygmia Notodontidae Erebidae 224. 225. Dudusinae 226. 227. 228. Desmobathrinae, Eumeleini Ceirinae 241. Subfamily Unassigned 242. 237. 238. 240. 236. 239. Phalerinae 235. 233. 234. Notodontinae 229. 230. 231. 232. 243. 244. Orgyiini Lymantrinae, 245. Arctornithini Lymantrinae, 246. Nygmiini Lymantrinae, 247. 248. 249. 250. Lymantrinae, Lymantrinae, NOCTUOIDEA: (xxiv) (xxv) No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes XV

196 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS

SGNP KWSSGNP KWS MG, SGNP, KWS, MG, SGNP, DD RE PWS – DD BWS DD BWS DD KWS, PWS MGSGNP, KWS – DD SGNP, MG, BWS, MG, SGNP, RE KWS, MG,SGNP, BWS, AM RE EN, BWS, AM DD Europe MG SGNP, RE Sri Lanka, China, PWS SGNP, – , Indonesia, Philippines, BWS, MG, SGNP, RE est Bengal, Bihar, BWS, MG, SGNP, Nagaland), Nepal, Japan, China, Bhutan, Indonesia kkim), Nepal, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, kkim), Nepal, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, MG SGNP, RE Sikkim), Sri Lanka MG SGNP, RE Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) eastern India) MG SGNP, EN, RE Indonesia, Philippines, Australia Indonesia, Philippines, amil Nadu). MG SGNP, EN, RE Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Nadu), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Tamil New Guinea SeychellesAustralia, Oceania, Ghana, Madagascar, Japan, New Guinea, KWS, AM

Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo)Malaysia (Borneo) BWS RE

DD India (Punjab, T Nadu)Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Malaysia, Myanmar, AM, PWS EN, RE Philippines, Japan KWS, AM Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table ) India (southern India), Sri Lanka KWS, MG, SGNP, RE Grey, 1852)Grey, Russia Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh), China, Korea, Japan, India (N.W. BWS RE 1779

1854) Nadu, North India), Sri Lanka India (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil , et (Walker, 1855)(Walker, India (eastern India, Uttarakhand, Si Guérin-Méneville, 1843 (Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, Andaman Is), India (Nagaland, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, (Walker, 1855) (Walker, India (southern to (Walker, 1864)(Walker, India (southern India) 1844 India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Walker, 1854) (Walker, Assam), Nepal, India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand,

(Walker, 1864)(Walker, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)(Guérin-Méneville, India (Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, W Cramer ( (Drury, 1773) (Drury, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra, India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, AM KWS, MG, – (Walker Kollar, 1844Kollar, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Khasi Hills), China BWS MG, SGNP, RE (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, India, Sri Lanka BWS, MG, SGNP, – Swinhoe, 1899(Bremer (Karnataka) India BWS EN, RE abavalis Stoll 1782Stoll India (Himalayas, Uttarakhand, (Walker, 1854) (Walker, India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Nicobar Is), Sri Lanka, Chagos Is., China, KWS, MG, SGP, Hampson, 1900 1854)(Walker, India (Northern India, Uttarakhand), Assam, Meghalaya, India (Sikkim, West Bengal, Kollar, Warren 1888Warren (Punjab) India BWS MG, EN, RE sp. DD c.f. sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD cyssea minor bicincta Amerila astreus Argina argus Creatonotos transiens Cispia charma Barsine striata Brunia antica ridleyi Cyana Diduga Eilema serva Lithosia Macrobrochis gigas conferta Nepita Oeonistis entella Amata Amata Amata Caeneressa Nannoarctia dentata Adrapsa ereboides Adrapsa Hydrillodes Rajendra perrotteti Spilosoma montanum Rajendra Euchromia polymena Pericallia ricini Lemyra spilosomata Lemyra spilosomata 267. 268. 269. , Arctiini 251. Arctiinae, Lithosiini 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. Arctiinae, Syntomini 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. Lymantrinae, tribe unassigned Lymantrinae, 276. 277. 272. 271. 273. 274. 275. 270. No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 197 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS NR SGNP, MG, BWS, MG, SGNP, AM KWS, – BWS, PWS AM MG, KWS SGNP DD – KWS, AM KWS MG, SGNP, RE BWS, MG, SGNP, – KWS, AM MG DD an, New Guinea, ingapore, Philippines BWS, MG, SGNP, – Australia, New Zealand Australia, Canada, America, Australia, Canada, India), Myanmar MG, SGNP, – Indonesia, Philippines, AustraliaIndonesia, Philippines, MG SGNP, – anmar, Japan, China, Indonesia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, China, Indonesia, Japan, anmar, Myanmar AM SGNP, – India) SGNP EN, RE arakhand, Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar,arakhand, KWS, MG RE Thailand, Malaysia, Japan Fiji, Samoa Fiji, Samoa French Antilles, Africa Malaysia (Borneo)Australia Malaysia, Indonesia, China, New Guinea, PWS – New Zealand, AustraliaNew Zealand, KWS, AM India (Utt New Guinea Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Japan, DD Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table 1858)Australia, Solomon Is., Indonesia, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, KWS MG, –

, 1857-1858) India, Sri Lanka, My

(Stoll, 1780)(Stoll, India, Sri Lanka, Walker (Kollar, 1844) (Kollar, ( Westwood, 1848 Westwood, Thailand Andaman Is.), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India (N.E. India, AM RE (Guenée, 1852)(Guenée, Australia India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Japan, KWS MG, – (Walker, 1858)(Walker, (Prout, 1928)AfricaAustralia, Fiji, China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Japan, Sumatra MG – KWS NR

Walker, 1857Walker, India, China, Philippines, Japan, New Guinea.AM SGNP, MG, – (Hübner, 1816)(Hübner, Malaysia, Indonesia, S India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, (Fabricius, 1794)Australia India, China, Korea, Japan, AM MG, – (Linnaeus, 1763)(Linnaeus, New Guinea, India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, (Linnaeus, 1767)(Linnaeus, Assam), New Guinea, India (Uttarakhand, (Walker, 1858)(Walker, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Japan PWS – (Walker, Moore, 1885 Sri Lanka (Guérin, Méneville, 1843) India (Maharashtra, Gujarat, southern (Moore, 1885)Thailand, Indonesia and India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Myanmar, AM, SGNP, MG, (Stoll, 1782)(Stoll, Thailand, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bhutan, AM MG, – (Linnaeus, 1758) Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Jap India, China, Myanmar, (Fabricius, 1775) China, Philippines. Indo-Australian Tropics, BWS, MG, SGNP, – (Fabricius, 1775)(Moore, 1878) India, Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia, (southern India (Fabricius, 1775) southern India), Sri Lanka, China, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan, India (Uttarakhand, BWS MG, RE argyrosigna materna

c.f. sp. DD cada albitibia cada combinans i i Eudocima homaena Eudocima phalonia Asota sericea Asota marchali Dichromia pullata Gonitis mesogona Rus Calyptra minuticornis Eudocima hypermnestra Eudocima Rus Rusicada leucolopha Rusicada metaxantha Naarda Phyllodes consobrina Achaea janata Bastilla crameri Bastilla joviana Achaea serva Oraesia emarginata coelonota Plusiodonta 292. 291. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. Scoliopteryginae 284. 285. 289. 290. 293. 294. 286. 287. 288. , Calpini 295. 283. 298. Calpinae, Ophiderini 299. 301. 302. 300. 296. 297. Calpinae, Phyllodini No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

198 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS MN, MG, – PWS, AM, BWS, MG DD KWSKWS KWS DD DD DD MG, AMMG, DD SGNPKWS DD SGNP, MG, AM MG, SGNP, – BWS, AM KWS MG, SGNP, RE BWS, MG, SGNP, – Taiwan, Thailand,Taiwan, SGNP – Taiwan, New Guinea, Taiwan, Nadu), China, E & S AfricaNadu), China, E & S AM, MG RE an, Korea Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo), (Borneo), Singapore, Japan MG, SGNP, – S.E. Europe, .E. Europe, BWS, MG, SGNP, – Nepal, Bangladesh, China, , China SGNP, arakhand, Karnataka, Tamil Tamil arakhand, Karnataka, and Malaysia (Borneo) KWS SGNP, – Japan MG SGNP, – DD DD (Borneo, Sumatra, Java) Cambodia, Laos, (including Hong Kong), Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea

Malaysia (Borneo) Myanmar, Sumatra, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) Myanmar, New Zealand, Australia, , Madagascar Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines Singapore, Japan Africa.Australia, Europe, KWS, AM Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table (Fabricius, 1775) Indonesia, Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, (Walker, 1858) (Walker, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bhutan, (Drury, 1773) (Drury, India (Uttarakhand), Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Japan, ChinaAM MG, RE (Fabricius, 1781) India, Sri Lanka, MyanmarAM MG, – (Guenée, 1852)(Guenée, Himalayas, Utt India (N.W. (Fabricius, 1775) India, Europe, Africa, Yemen KWS MG, – (Hübner, 1827) (Hübner, Japan India (Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Taiwan, AM BWS, MG, RE Fabricius, 1794)Fabricius, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, AM – (Cramer, 1777) (Cramer, India (Sikkim, Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, China, (Walker, 1858) (Walker, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Indonesia. AM NR Walker, 1864Walker, India, China, Indonesia (Guenée, 1852) India, China, Singapore, Philippines SGNP MG, DD (Fabricius, 1794)(Fabricius, India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Jap (Linnaeus, 1770) India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar (Hampson, 1896)(Hampson, India (N.E. Himalaya), Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia and Malaysia AM RE Swinhoe, 1885Swinhoe, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, MG – (Cramer, 1777) (Cramer, Australia, India, China, Japan, Philippines, Walker, 1858Walker, Thailand, Vietnam Nadu), Bangladesh, Myanmar, India (Tamil MG SGNP, RE (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, China, Japan, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, MG – (Swinhoe, 1893)(Swinhoe, India, China, Korea, (Guenée, 1852)(Guenée, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines India, China, Myanmar, KWS, AM – (Fabricius, 1794) India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Malaysia divulsa contentaria c.f. sp. DD sp. DD c.f. sp. DD sp. DD Erebus Chilkasa falcata Laspeyria Cerynea reflexa Tephriopis Crithote horridipes Anoba pectinata Erebus ephesperis Erebus caprimulgus Erebus hieroglyphica Erebus macrops Pindara illibata Pindara illibata tirhaca Ophiusa olista Diomea lignicolora Diomea Ophiusa triphaenoides Parallelia Parallelia stuposa Buzara onelia Chalciope mygdon deflorata Artena submira Hypocala subsatura Artena dotata geometrica Grammodes stolida 322. 323. 312. 313. Anobinae 314. 315. 316. 317. , Erebini 318. 319. 320. 321. Aventiinae 306. 307. 308. 310. 311. 309. 305. 304. 303. 328. 326. 325. 327. 324. 329. 330. No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 199 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS MG EN, RE MG, AMMG, – MG, AM, MNMG, – , MG, AM, MN , MG, – SGNP DD KWS

SGNP, MG, KWS MG, SGNP, – MGSGNP, MGMG RE MG DD DD KWS, AM EN DD , Thailand,, BWS MG, SGNP, RE Indonesia, Singapore, SGNP, Laos, Vietnam, China, Myanmar MG SGNP, – Japan SGNP Malaysia (Borneo) BWS, MG, SGNP, RE Lanka, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, , Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore,, MG, SGNP, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, SGNP, Nepal, China, Philippines MG SGNP, RE Africa, Madagascar Australia, Africa. Andhra Pradesh). SGNP, an, Australia, Egypt, Africa, , Sudan Egypt, Singapore, Indonesia, AustraliaSingapore, Indonesia, SGNP RE

Philippines, Indonesia Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Philippines, Korea, Japan New Guinea, Australia. New Guinea, India (Sikkim), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, China, Japan, India (Sikkim), Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Africa Australia, New Guinea, MGKorea, Philippines, Jap India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand), Sri Lanka, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar Australia, New Caledonia Indonesia, Philippines, Christmas Is., Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines RE DD Philippines, New Guinea India Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, AMBWS, RE Singapore, Japan, New Guinea DD Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats ) Table 4: Table (Cramer 1777)(Cramer Arab Emirates, ,Thailand, China, United India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, SGNP – Walker, 1857Walker, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, MG – (Cramer, 1779) (Cramer, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, (Fabricius, 1787) Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Guenée, 1852 India, Sri Lanka, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Guenée, 1852Guenée, India (Assam, Sikkim), China, Indonesia and (Guenee, 1852) India (Sikkim), China, (Guenée, 1852) (Kollar, 1844) (Kollar, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, (Guenée, 1852)(Guenée, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand), Sri Hampson, 1926Myanmar Thailand, MG NR (Warren, 1913).(Warren, Japan Taiwan, China, MG NR (Cramer, 1780) (Cramer, India (Assam), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar Guenée, 1852 China, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, AM – Felder, 1874 Felder, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Philippines Sri Lanka, India, KWS – (Fabricius, 1775 (Clerck, 1764) India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Myanmar, (Cramer, 1779)(Cramer, Malaysia, Vietnam, India (Uttarakhand, Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, AM MG, RE Hübner, 1806Hübner, 1779) (Cramer, Thailand, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Nadu, Kerala, India (Tamil KWS MG, – (Moore, 1872)Thailand, India (northern India), Vietnam, (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, 1775) Indonesia, Singapore, India (Uttarakhand, Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, AMKWS, MG, RE pertendens inangulata sp. DD sp. DD rhodotela c.f. c.f. a Calesi Calesia stillifera Avatha chinensis Avatha regalis Attatha Sympis rufibasis Sphingomorpha chlorea Spirama retorta Hypopyra ossigera Hypopyra vespertilio Calesia dasyptera Catocala Rema costimacula Mocis frugalis Mocis undata Thyas coronata Thyas honesta Serrodes inara Serrodes campana Trigonodes hyppasia hyppasia Trigonodes inangulata Ericeia inangulata Ericeia Hulodes caranea umbrina cyllaria Ercheia diversipennis Ercheia Ericeia 348. 349. Erebinae, Hulodini 340. 341. 342. 343. Erebinae, Hypopyrini 344. 345. 346. Erebinae, Tinolini 347. 339. 338. Erebinae, 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 331. 350. 352. 353. Erebinae, Pericymini 354. Erebinae, Ercheini 355. 356. 357. 351. No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

200 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS

PWS AM SGNPSGNP RE – SGNP SGNP BWS, MG, SGNP, KWS, AM – EN DD , China, Thailand BWS MG, SGNP, RE Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Is), Myanmar BWS, MG, SGNP, – Malaysia, Indonesia, AustraliaMalaysia, Indonesia, KWS MG, SGNP, – Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, China,Myanmar, BWS, MG, SGNP, RE Lanka, Indonesia, Singapore Bangladesh, Sri Lanka. MG SGNP, – Malaysia (Borneo), New Guinea, Australia Malaysia (Borneo), New Guinea, (including Hong Kong), Taiwan, Cambodia, Laos, (including Hong Kong), Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea Australia

Indonesia, Singapore Cambodia, China, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo, Java), Australia New Guinea, Australia, Palau, Papua New GuineaIndonesia, Malaysia (Borneo), Philippines, Philippines, Australia AM AustraliaMalaysia (Borneo), Singapore, China, Malaya, Nadu), Sri Lanka, Nepal, India (Punjab, Maharashtra, Tamil KWS MG, RE Indonesia,

Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table Holloway, 1983 Holloway, India (N.E. Himalaya), Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo) KWS MG, RE Guenée, 1852Guenée, China India (Uttarakhand), Pakistan,Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Japan, KWS, AM RE (Walker, 1858)(Walker, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, China, Hübner, 1823 Hübner, India (western and southern India), Sri Walker, 1858 Walker, Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, India (Uttarakhand, MG RE Poole, 1989Poole, India, Sri Lanka, China KWS – Guenée, 1852 China India (Uttarakhand), Indo-Australian Tropics, KWS RE Guenée, 1852Guenée, Andaman Assam, Sikkim, India (western India, Guenée, 1852Guenée, Thailand, Vietnam,Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Sri Lanka, Nepal, India (Central India, KWS SGNP, RE Walker, 1858 Walker, India (North India), Walker, 1858 Walker, Nadu), Sri Lanka, Myanmar India (Tamil MG RE Hampson, 1926Hampson, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo). KWS NR Walker, 1866 Walker, Nadu) India (Sikkim, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil (Guerin-Meneville, 1831)(Guerin-Meneville, India (Uttarakhand), Bangladesh, Nepal, (Fabricius, 1775) Indonesia, India (northern India, Uttarakhand), China, Myanmar,

(Fabricius, 1787) India (Punjab, Kerala, Uttarakhand), Sri Lanka, Myanmar Wileman, 1914Wileman, Africa Philippines, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, BWS, MG, SGNP, – (Fabricius, 1793)(Fabricius, India, Sri Lanka, China, IndonesiaAM MG, – (Walker, 1863) (Walker, (Cramer, 1776)(Cramer, Indonesia, India (Himalayas, Uttarakhand), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Moore, [1860] 1858 India (Nagaland), Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, KWS SGNP, MG, RE nochroa sp. DD Lophoptera squammigera Lophoptera squammilinea Selepa celtis Carea angulata Gabala polyspilalis Eutelia favillatrixoides Episparis liturata Episparis Psimada quadripennis Fodina contigua Dierna acanthusalis Egnasia ephyrodalis Hamodes aurantiaca Hamodes propitia Ischyja manlia Anisoneura aluco Arsacia rectalis Chrysopera combinans Hypospila bolinoides Bocula xanthostola Westermannia superba Westermannia Euteliidae Nolidae 373. 374. Nolinae 375. , Chloephorini 376. 377. Euteliinae 371. 372. Stictopterinae 369. 370. 361. Subfamily Unassigned 359. 360. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366. 368. 358. 367. Chloephorinae, Careini 378. Xe Westermanniinae 379. (xxvii) (xxvi) No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 201 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS SGNPMG BWS DD – – KWS, PWS DD

SGNP, KWS, AM KWS, SGNP, – KWS DD MGSGNP, – SGNP KWS, MG, SGNP, AM – DD Is., Singapore, SGNP – Australia, Central and KWS – an, China, Japan, Ryukyu Mauritius, Aden Myanmar, Korea, Jap Myanmar, Japan, Australia, Africa.Japan, Australia, KWS, AM MG, – Sikkim), Sri Lanka MG SGNP, RE luding Pacific) tropics hina, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Australia, Fiji, Indo-Australian tropics tohina, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, KWS – DD and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean, North and South America; and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean, North South Uganda Yemen, New Zealand and Rapa Is.

Assam) Nepal, China, Myanmar Nadu, Tamil Kerala, Malabar, MG,KWS – Indonesia, Australia, Vanuatu South Africa Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats ) India, China, Indonesia, Table 4: Table , 1775 (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, ZealandSouth-east Asia, Australia and New Southern Europe and Africa to AM KWS, MG, – (Doubleday, 1843) (Doubleday, Australia, New Zealand, Guinea India, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Japan AM – (Bremer & Grey, 1853)(Bremer & Grey, C Walker, 1858Walker, Sri Lanka, China, Philippines SGNP NR Guenée,1852 India (Andaman & Nicobar Is.), Myanmar, (Guenée, 1852) Old World (inc (Walker, 1866)(Walker, Indonesia India, China, Myanmar, PWS – Walker, 1854 Walker, India (Central India, Walker, 1858)Walker, India, Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo) MG – (Fabricius (Fabricius, 1775) Philippines India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, MG – (Walker, 1865) (Walker, Indo-Australian tropics east to Fiji MG,KWS –

Walker, 1865Walker, India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, (Kollar, 1844) (Kollar, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Maharashtra, Karnataka, India (Jammu & Kashmir, (Walker, 1856) (Walker, Nadu), Sri LankaTamil India (North India, AM MG, RE Walker, 1857 Walker, Africa) Africa (Congo, South AM KWS, NR (Linnaeus, 1758)(Linnaeus, Europe and Indo-Pacific regions. ( Felder 1874Felder Nadu), Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Malaysia (Borneo) India (Tamil MG RE (Feisthamel, 1837)(Feisthamel, Africa, India, China, South Europe, Moore, 1858 Nadu) India (northern India, Tamil MG EN, RE literata sp. DD sp. DD sp. DD c.f. sp. DD sp. DD Risoba repugnans Risoba Risoba Gadirtha Chrysodeixis acuta Chrysodeixis eriosoma Maliattha Eustrotia marginata Ozarba punctigera Ctenoplusia albostriata Ctenoplusia albostriata Thysanoplusia orichalcea Condica conducta Trisula variegata Trisula Belciana hemodi Donda eurychlora Aegocera bimacula Episteme adulatrix assulta Helicoverpa Sphragifera rejecta Sphragifera rejecta Pardoxia graellsi Xanthodes transversa Chasmina candida Chasmina fasciculosa Acontia Aedia leucomelas Noctuidae, Plusiinae 380. 381. 382. Collomeninae 383. 384. 385. 388. 389. 390. Risobinae 386. Eustrotiinae 387. 405. Condicinae Pantheinae 399. 400. 401. Agaristinae 402. 403. Heliothinae 404. 395. , Acontiini 391. 392 393. 394. 396. Acontiinae, Aediini 397. 398. Bagisarinae (xxviii) No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes

202 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS SGNP KWS DD AM EN KWS SGNPBWS DD DD DD Nothing to mention : Park, – MB = Mahabaleshwar; MG Malshej Ghat; rneo), PhilippinesAM SGNP, RE ropics and Sub-tropics KWS, MG, SGNP, RE New Guinea SGNP – Myanmar, Indonesia, Myanmar, India), Taiwan SGNP RE Africa India DD DD

Status and Distribution of Moths Recorded from Northern-western Ghats Table 4: Table (Moore,1881) Indonesia, Malaysia (Bo India (N.E. Himalaya), Myanmar, Guenée, 1862)Guenée, India, Sri Lanka, Russia, China, Philippines Japan, Indo-Australia, Pacific tropics, KWS –

(Boisduval, 1833)(Boisduval, Indo-Australian and Pacific Tropics China, Japan, PWS – ( Walker, 1858 Walker, India, Sri Lanka, China, 1857)(Walker, India (North (Fabricius, 1775)(Fabricius, India (eastern India), China, Indo-Australian Pacific T Fabricius, 1781 (Moore, 1881)China India, Nepal, MG SGNP, – (Walker, 1865) (Walker, Australia, tropical Pacific India, China, Japan, KWS, AM – auriplena orbona c.f. c.f. sp. DD sp. DD maillardi Callopistria callopistrioides Athetis delecta Athetis Callyna monoleuca Polytela gloriosa Spodoptera litura Spodoptera mauritia Trachea Noctua Xestia semiherbida Axylis Condica illecta Eriopinae 407. 408. Noctuinae, 409. 410. 411. Noctuinae, Glottulini 412. 413. 414. Noctuinae, Dypterigiini 415. Noctuinae 416. 417. 418. 406. Noctuinae, Prodeniini

No. Taxa Distribution Collection Sites Range Notes MN = Matheran; NR New record to India; PWS Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary; RE Range extension; SGNP Sanjay Gandhi National Abbreviations used in the text and table deficient; EN = Endemic to India; KWS Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary; Amboli; BWS = Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary; DD data AM =

J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 108 (3), Sept-Dec 2011 203 INVENTORY OF MOTH FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS

DISCUSSION extensions for northern Western Ghats, it is therefore likely that intensified sampling effort may result in additional After the Victorian era (Hampson 1892-1896; records and range extensions from the other sites. Dudgeon et al. 1897; Bell and Scott 1937), this study has As our objective was to prepare an inventory of moth now contributed to the work carried out in 1962 by Shull species in the study area, the numbers arriving at the light and Nadkerny, who recorded 180 species over four months trap were not recorded, and hence, no quantitative in Dangs, Gujarat; Saha and Raychaudhuri (1998) recorded comparisons between study sites were conducted. Future 31 species in a year long study in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal; studies can now include ecological studies on these species, Rose (2002) recorded 47 species in seven years from life histories, habitat preferences, moth assemblage Cherrapunji, Meghalaya; Chandra (2007) recorded 142 composition, especially of endemic species, to provide species between 2001 and 2004 in Madhya Pradesh and information relevant to habitat restoration and species Chhattisgarh, and most recently Smetacek (2008) published conservation programmes. a list of 887 species from three locations in Uttarakhand compiled over 30 years. This indicates that moth studies ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS have been progressing at a slow pace in our country, and lack of literature and expertise are the prime reasons. The We are extremely grateful to the late Mr. J.C. Daniel, current study, with a checklist of 419 species from Vice-President, BNHS, for supporting our work. We thank Maharashtra, is the first extensive study on moths. More the Phiroza Godrej Fund for Field Work for providing surveys will certainly result in adding to the numbers of financial support. Our deep gratitude towards Dr. Ian species already known. Kitching, Natural History Museum, London, for comments The moth fauna of Malshej Ghat, Amboli and Koyna on our manuscript and help to identify the species; Henry wildlife sanctuaries have shown high endemism and many Barlow, Malayan Natural History Society, Kuala Lumpur, new records for India. Amboli and Koyna wildlife sanctuaries for his book MOTHS OF . We thank Isaac need more detailed sampling as these areas have been largely Kehimkar for his photographic data contribution, Rajeev unexplored for moth studies. Extensive sampling at Sanjay Bhatt and Siddarth Jhaver for helping us with data Gandhi National Park resulted in a number of range compilation, and Umesh Shimpi for field assistance.

REFERENCES

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