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Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 Promising Species Forestry and Forest Products Natural Heritage Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: 22 PROMISING SPECIES Forestry and Forest Products TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: Natural Heritage 22 PROMISING SPECIES Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia A report for the RIRDC/ Land & Water Australia/ FWPRDC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program Revised and Edited by Bronwyn Clarke, Ian McLeod and Tim Vercoe March 2009 i © 2008 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 821 0 ISSN 1440-6845 Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 promising species Publication No. 09/015 Project No. CSF-56A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the RIRDC Publications Manager on phone 02 6271 4165. Researcher Contact Details Bronwyn Clarke CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products PO Box E 4008 Kingston ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6281 8211 Fax: 02 6281 8266 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in March 2009 ii establishment of a web based national register Foreword of trials development of improved climatic profiles for a range of species assessment of the potential productivity of several of these species across a range of locations research into the suitability of a range of farm Commercial farm forestry is an increasingly feasible forestry species for pulpwood, cement board business option for rural land in many parts of and oriented strandboard. Australia. The interest generated by land owner groups and individuals and supported by government The other publications produced under the project programs is being translated into on‑ground action are included in ‘related publications’ which follows at a steadily expanding rate. The knowledge base the Introduction. supporting this on‑ground action is only just keeping This project was funded by DAFF and the Natural pace with the requirements of growers who are new Heritage Trust, the Joint Venture Agroforestry Program to forestry activities in areas outside the conventional (JVAP) and CSIRO. JVAP is supported by three R&D plantation forestry base. corporations – Rural Industries Research and This publication is one of a range of publications Development Corporation (RIRDC), Land & Water and advisory activities from the project ‘Seed and Australia (L&WA), and Forest and Wood Products Information Support for Commercial Farm Forestry’, Research and Development Corporation1 (FWPRDC). which was carried out by staff of CSIRO Forestry The R&D corporations and the departments named and Forest Products. The objective of the project are funded principally by the federal government. was to enhance the economic and environmental This report is an addition to RIRDC’s diverse range benefits of commercial farm forestry through assisting of over 1800 research publications. It forms part of farm forestry growers and investors to select and our Agroforestry and Farm Forestry R&D program, make best use of native and exotic species for the which aims to integrate sustainable and productive available sites and products required. This objective agroforestry within Australian farming systems. The has been achieved through technology transfer, JVAP, under this program, is managed by RIRDC. extension of the knowledge base and the use of enhanced genetic material. Most of our publications are available for viewing, downloading or purchasing online through our Activities included: website: provision of high quality source identified downloads at www.rirdc.gov.au/fullreports/ seedlots for trial and demonstration plantings index.html workshops on all aspects of establishing and purchases at www.rirdc.gov.au/eshop monitoring trials to identify suitable tree species and provenances for sites and end uses Peter O’Brien Managing Director publication of a manual for establishing field trials Rural Industries Research and demonstration plantings for farm forestry and Development Corporation analysis and interpretation of trial data provision of the TREDAT tree performance database software, along with enhancements to the software for use with non‑trial plantings, and training in its use 1 Now Forest & Wood Products Australia (FWPA) iii John Doran (CSIRO), Alan Brown (CSIRO), Jim Gould Acknowledgements (CSIRO), Tom Jovanovic (CSIRO), Debbie Crawford (CSIRO), Antoine Kalinganire (CSIRO), Brioni Brammall (CSIRO), John Larmour (CSIRO), Kron Aken (CSIRO), Suzette Searle (CSIRO), Maurice McDonald (CSIRO), Russell Washusen (CSIRO), David Carr (Greening Australia) and David Lea. Thank you also to the photographers whose photos The authors would like to thank the staff of CSIRO appear in this document. In alphabetical order they Forestry and Forest Products, and in particular the are: Roger Arnold, Doug Boland, Brioni Brammall, Australian Tree Seed Centre, and partners in all David Bush, Bronwyn Clarke, Peter Clinnick, Ian states in Australia for information and comments on Dumbrell, Ken Eldridge, Jim Gould, Brian Gunn, this publication. We would like to make special Chris Harwood, John Larmour, David Lea, Paul mention of the contribution of David Bush (CSIRO Macdonell, Colin Matheson, Maurice McDonald, and ALRTIG) whose comments on appropriate and Stephen Midgley, Jock Morse, Ken Robson, Suzette useful content have greatly enhanced the profiles. Searle, David Spencer, Oliver Strewe and Lex Thomson. We would also like to extend particular thanks the following people: Paul Ryan (QFRI), Geoff Dickinson (QFRI), Seamus Batstone (DPI), Justin Black (PFSQ), Disclaimer Daryl Killin (PFNQ), Mila Bristow (QFRI), David Lee While every reasonable effort has been made to (QFRI), Garth Nikles (QFRI), Ian Johnson (SFNSW), ensure that this document is correct at the time of Des Stackpole (Forest Science Centre), Rob Willersdorf printing CSIRO does not represent or warrant that (Gippsland Farm Plantations Inc.), Tim Jackson the information provided in this report is complete (Pastoral and Veterinary Institute), Frank Hirst (DSE), or accurate for every situation for which it might be Mick Underdown (ForestrySA), Robert Boardman, used. CSIRO disclaims liability for any loss, damage Bob Hingston (CALM), Chrissie Rob (CALM), Ian and/or cost incurred by any person or organisation Dumbrell (CALM), Peter Taylor (Agriculture Western as a result of using the information provided. Australia), Richard Moore (CALM), Liz Barbour (FPC), iv Contents Foreword. iii Acknowledgements. iv Disclaimer . iv Abbreviations. vi Executive Summary. 1 Introduction . 2 Selection of planting material . 2 Why were these species selected for profiles?. 3 Hybrids . 4 General notes on silviculture and planting. 4 Species profiles 1. Acacia mearnsii De Wild.. 8 2. Araucaria cunninghamii W.T.Aiton ex D.Don. 21 3. Corymbia maculata – Spotted gums. 29 4. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.. 41 5. Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell.. 52 6. Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell.. 60 7. Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden . 69 8. Eucalyptus fraxinoides Deane and Maiden . 79 9. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. 88 10. Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. 101 11. Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maide. 110 12. Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl.. 120 13. Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.. 130 14. Eucalyptus pilularis Smith. 141 15. Eucalyptus saligna Smith . 152 16. Eucalyptus sideroxylon and Eucalyptus tricarpa. 163 17. Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Baker. 174 18. Eucalyptus tereticornis. 183 19. Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. subsp. viminalis . 194 20. Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br.. 203 21. Pinus pinaster Aiton. 213 22. Pinus radiata D. Don. 221 Glossary . 230 v Abbreviations ALRTIG Australian Low Rainfall Tree Improvement Group ATSC Australian Tree Seed Centre (part of CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products) CALM Conservation and Land Management of Western Australia (now Department of Environment and Conservation) DBH diameter at breast height i.e. measured at 1.3 metres up the bole of the tree from ground level
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