Uma Leitura Queer Sobre O Filme All Over Me

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Uma Leitura Queer Sobre O Filme All Over Me Tatiana Brandão de Araujo PUNK ROCK NÃO É SÓ PRO SEU NAMORADO: UMA LEITURA QUEER SOBRE O FILME ALL OVER ME Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Literatura. Orientadora: Profª Drª Cláudia Junqueira de Lima Costa Florianópolis 2014 ! ! Tatiana Brandão de Araujo PUNK ROCK NÃO É SÓ PRO SEU NAMORADO: UMA LEITURA QUEER SOBRE O FILME ALL OVER ME Esta Dissertação foi julgada adequada para obtenção do Título de “Mestre em Literatura”, e aprovada em sua forma final pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura. Florianópolis, 26 de novembro de 2014. ________________________ Profª. Maria Lucia de Barros Camargo, Drª. Coordenadora do Curso Banca Examinadora: ________________________ Profª. Claudia Junqueira De Lima Costa, Drª. Orientadora Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina ________________________ Profª. Simone Pereira Schmidt, Drª. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina ________________________ Prof. Marcio Markendorf, Dr. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina ________________________ Profª. Ramayana Lira de Sousa, Drª. UNISUL ! ! ! AGRADECIMENTOS Apesar das horas de estudo e escrita solitárias, essa dissertação não seria possível sem os inúmeros diálogos que estabeleci durante o mestrado, as amizades que conquistei, assim como as pessoas que já faziam parte da minha vida e aturaram os meus (mau) humores durante todo esse tempo. Por isso, agradeço: À minha mãe, minha grande amiga, pelo apoio incondicional. Pelo amor que me oferece o ombro e também puxa as minhas orelhas quando preciso. Pelas horas de conversa, pois mesmo de longe, encontro sempre uma interlocutora para as minhas idéias; À Carla, pelo amor que me faz acreditar mais em tudo, pela paciência para aturar minhas crises de ansiedade, pela compreensão dos meus humores e dos meus desabafos constantes, e pelo sorriso sempre doce que me ajuda a superar qualquer obstáculo; À Marina, de quem me lembrei em muitos momentos quando escrevia sobre Riot Grrrl, dos tempos da internet discada, das mixtapes, e das muitas bandas que a gente trocou há alguns anos atrás. Love you like a sister, always soul sister, rebel girl. À Thaís, minha irmã de coração, teu amor é fundamental. Obrigada pelo teu carinho, e por ser uma constante interlocutora; À Luísa, pelo carinho de sempre, pelas conversas e risadas; À Janete e ao Cleyton, pela amizade e carinho; À Franciele, pela amizade e companhia, e a todos os amigos que fiz em Florianópolis, em especial à Claudia, Marcelo e Evillyn; Um agradecimento especial à minha tia Lelena, minha prima Carolina e a minha tia avó Nelly pelo amor que sempre mandaram para o meu caminho; ! ! À Eloíza, Caroline, Jaqueline, Ernesto e Violeta, por terem me acolhido como família durante os primeiros anos que estive na cidade anteriores ao mestrado; Ao CNPq pela bolsa concedida e que possibilitou uma tranqüilidade para realizar a pesquisa apresentada nessa dissertação; À minha orientadora Cláudia Costa por ter me acolhido no programa; ! “Um belo dia, cambaleando de volta para casa sob a bigorna do sol, minha mãe me interpelou. “Patrícia”, ralhou minha mãe. “veste uma camisa” “Está muito quente”, reclamei “Ninguém está de camisa” “Quente ou não, já está na hora de você começar a se cobrir. Você está virando uma mocinha”. Protestei com veemência e anunciei que eu nunca viraria outra pessoa senão eu mesma. Que eu era do clã de Peter Pan e a gente não crescia” (Patti Smith, “Só Garotos”) ! ! ! RESUMO A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, se insere na Linha de Pesquisa Crítica Feminista e Estudos de Gênero. Esta investigação tem como cerne teórico a teoria queer com base em autores como Jack Halberstam (2005), Annemarie Jagose (1996) e Richard Miskolci (2012). Embora a sexualidade seja um tema presente nesta dissertação, a questão principal se refere à (hetero)normatividade e aos padrões sociais imbricados nela. Para entabular essas discussões o objeto desta pesquisa é o cinema, o meio através do qual se estabelecem os diálogos com a teoria citada. Ao longo do texto alguns filmes e cenas específicas são apresentados para formular uma discussão teórica inserida no campo da representação imagética, neste caso o cinema. A partir de um caminho teórico e histórico sobre as principais questões abordadas na dissertação, a ideia principal consiste em reunir o cinema e a música, como dois espaços de voz, focando na participação de mulheres no rock n roll e, principalmente, abordando o movimento feminista estadunidense que ocorreu no cenário alternativo musical, o Riot Grrrl. Sendo assim, depois da problematização teórica e histórica das questões abordadas entre esses dois campos de representação artística, o filme All Over Me dirigido por Alex Sichel de 1997 é analisado. A questão norteadora está focada na reflexão acerca do modo como a música e a subcultura representadas em All Over Me, com bandas integradas por jovens meninas, contribui para o empoderamento da personagem principal. A metodologia de análise fílmica utilizada é a proposta por David Bordwell e Kristin Thompson (2008), unindo esta com o percurso teórico feito pelos capítulos anteriores. O queer foi pensado nessa dissertação como uma categoria de análise importante para entender as representações, em especial, as cinematográficas. Essa perspectiva abre a possibilidade para que qualquer representação seja pensada a partir dessas teorias possibilitando o entendimento dos modos de elaboração dos discursos dominantes/normativos através de imagens, histórias e/ou personagens. A categoria se fez necessária, no caso da análise do filme em discussão, para a compreensão de como a personagem principal se sente marginalizada e, até mesmo, hostilizada em certos ambientes. O olhar que conduz a narrativa é a da personagem principal revelando suas perspectivas, sua relação com o próprio corpo e desejo, e o processo de empoderamento ao longo da história estabelecido por sua relação íntima com a música. Através da análise fílmica foi possível identificar esse ! ! processo na narrativa, os momentos chaves dentro da história da personagem e o modo como a construção imagética expressa o seu estado psíquico. ! ABSCTRACT The research, of qualitative nature, belongs to the field of Feminist Critics and Gender Studies. The theoretical core of this investigation is the queer theory based on author such as Jack Halberstam (2005), Annemarie Jagose (1996) e Richard Miskolci (2012). Although sexuality is a current theme in this dissertation, the main issue concerns the (hetero) normativity and its related social standard. In order to engage in these discussions, the subject used in this research was the cinema, the medium, which establishes dialogues with the aforementioned theory. Throughout the text some specific films and scenes are presented to formulate a theoretical discussion inserted in the field of image representation, in this case, the cinema. From a theoretical and historical journey on the issue addressed in the dissertation, the main idea is to bring together the film and the music, as two spaces of voice, focusing on the participation of women in rock n roll, and specially addressing the American feminist movement in the alternative musical scene, the Riot Grrrl. Thus, after the theoretical and historical problematization of the issue addressed between these two field of artistic representation, the movie All Over Me, directed by Alex Sichel in 1997, is analyzed. The research question focuses on the reflection about how the music and the subculture represented in All Over Me, which integrated bands of young girls, contributed to the empowerment of the main character. The methodology of film analysis used was proposed by David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson (2008), combining it with the theoretical route of the previous chapters. The queer was thought in this dissertation as a category of analysis important to understand representations, in particular the filmic ones. This perspective opens the possibility that any representation can be thought through these theories allowing a better understanding of the development modes of dominant/normative discourse through images, stories and/or characters. The category was necessary for the analysis of this film in order to comprehend how the main character feels marginalized and even ostracized in certain environments. The narrative is conducted by the eyes of the main character revealing her outlooks, the relationship with her own body and desire, and the process of empowerment throughout the history established by her intimate connection with the music. Employing the film analysis it was possible to identify this process in the narrative, the key moments in the history ! ! of the character and the way the imagery construction represents her mental state. ! LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Cena do filme The Living End, 1992....................................39 Figura 2 – Cena do filme Desejo Proibido, 2000...................................47 Figura 3 – Cena do filme Ladies and Gentlemen, and the Fabulous Stains, 1982…………………………………………………………..109 Figura 4 – Cena do filme Ladies and Gentlemen, and the Fabulous Stains, 1982……………………………………...…………………...110 Figura 5 – Cena do filme Ladies and Gentlemen, and the Fabulous Stains, 1982……………………………………..……………………113 Figura 6 – Cena do filme All Over Me, 1997.......................................125 Figura 7 – Cena do filme All Over Me, 1997.......................................133 Figura 8 – Cena do filme All Over Me, 1997.......................................136
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