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Revista Philohistoriss, an V, Nr. 7, Iunie 2019

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Revista Philohistoriss, an V, Nr. 7, Iunie 2019 Revista PHILOHISTORISS An V, Nr. 7, Iunie 2019 Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca Facultatea de Istorie și Filosofie Asociația Studențească Philohistoriss COLEGIUL ŞTIINŢIFIC: Prof. univ. dr. Ovidiu Ghitta Prof. univ. dr. Radu Ardevan Prof. univ. dr. Marcela Sălăgean Prof. univ. dr. Virgiliu Ţârău Conf. univ. dr. Ionuţ Costea Lect. univ. dr. Mihai Croitor COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE: Sorina Apetrei Alexandra Arboreanu Andrei Dălălău Larisa Dănilă Denisa Dragomir Alexandra Jureschi Melinda Gabriela Keresztes Diana Georgiana Lutz Patrick Măgerușan Florina Sas Bianca Sârbu Marina Trufan Gabriel Zvîncă Coordonare volum: Andrei Dălălău Responsabilitatea conţinutului materialelor aparţine autorilor ASOCIAŢIA STUDENŢEASCĂ PHILOHISTORISS Cluj-Napoca, Str. Napoca, nr. 11, sala S4 https://asphilohistoriss.wordpress.com e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ISSN: 2068-5483 Editura KLAUSENBOOK, Cluj-Napoca, Str. Deva, nr. 1-7, ap. 2B ISTORIE MEDIEVALĂ Cercetarea și pedeapsa criminală în Moldova veacului al XVIII-lea ............ 9 Andrei V. Baltag Imaginea vlahilor în Historia lui Niketas Choniates ....................................... 21 Marius Androne Cisnădie în Evul Mediu. Consideraţii pe marginea unor contribuţii istoriografice recente ........................................................................................... 31 Noemi Adriana Nemethi ISTORIE MODERNĂ Imaginea țăranului la și a lumii rurale la Liviu Rebreanu ............................ 42 Iuliana Maria Ferenț Problema autonomiei Transilvaniei în discursul politic al „Gazetei Transilvaniei‛ (1865-1895) .................................................................................. 59 Florina-Cosmina Sas Obiceiul plugarului la Șieuț. Ieșitul plugului întâi ......................................... 70 Patricia Smaranda Mureșan Discursul naţional al social-democraţilor români, reflecţii jurnalistice şi parlamentare în proximitatea Marii Uniri ....................................................... 88 Mirela Dumitrescu Primele investituri regale ale unor noi ierarhi ortodocși pentru provinciile unite cu țara ........................................................................................................ 102 Tudor Vișan Miu 5 ISTORIE CONTEMPORANĂ Măsuri de prevenire şi stingere a incendiilor în Transilvania. Profesionalizarea corpului de pompieri ......................................................... 113 Dan Cristian Ionașcu „Panamaua Skoda‛............................................................................................ 129 Gabriel Zvîncă Conflictul dintre clerul romano-catolic şi şvabii naţional-socialişti în Timiş- Torontal (1933-1944) .......................................................................................... 141 David Borchin Holocaustul romilor și Papalitatea .................................................................. 153 Florinela Naciu-Rușcea (Giurgia) Reîntoarcerea germanilor în Bucovina, 1941-1944 ....................................... 170 Emilian Dranca Insubordonarea armatei și expansionism în Extremul Orient. Statul japonez înainte de izbucnirea celui de-al Doilea Război Sino-Japonez .... 180 Mihai Chiș Reconstituirea unui eveniment istoric: Aniversarea comunistă a 120 de ani de la Revoluția din 1848 .................................................................................... 195 Andrei Popa Relațiile României cu SUA în perioada comunistă. Analiză a relatărilor din ziarele „Scânteia‛ și „The New York Times‛ despre vizitele lui Nicolae Ceaușescu în Statele Unite................................................................................ 208 Andrei Olteanu Politica energetică a Uniunii Europene. Obiectivul uniunii energiei și participarea României la îndeplinirea sa ........................................................ 223 Elena-Andreea Bordea 6 STUDII CULTURALE Imaginea de artă și limbajul – către o posibilă metodologie a logicii fuzzy în practica curatorială ............................................................................................ 239 Vicentziu Pușcașu Obiectul și diacroniile conceptuale ................................................................. 253 Ion Pițoiu Revelațiile durerii .............................................................................................. 263 Teodora Adriana Irimciuc FILOSOFIE Etnocrația ca formă de teologie politică — o analiză comparativă a proiectelor politice ale lui Carl Schmitt și Nichifor Crainic ........................ 273 Emanuel Cășvean Împletirea limbajului artistic cu realitatea și cyberspațiul ............................ 286 Ioan Corjoc Critica existențială a tehnologiei ..................................................................... 299 Marius Florea 7 ANDREI V. BALTAG Abstract: The issues of criminal phenomena and criminal justice saw a great increase in interest among historians across Europe, due to the fact that manifestations of different sorts, all within the boundaries of the legal system, represent a vital component of the quotidian, regardless of the historical period or type of society. Nevertheless, in recent years such historical concerns are increasingly highlighted in our country, although, researches display a major contrast in terms of methodological approach. Therefore, I believe that the following analysis may reveal an account of how the topic of criminal justice in the late medieval and premodern period had been interpreted through the Romanian historiographical scope. Keywords: historiography, history of law, medieval and premodern criminality, criminal investigation, punishment, Moldavia. Realizând o radiografie de ansamblu a segmentului istoriografic preocupat de dimensiunea judecății, dreptății, legalității și, în cazul de față, a fărădelegii cuprinsă în spațiul românesc, alături de alte teme conexe din punct de vedere istoric, vom putea observa că toate acestea au fost reduse de cele mai multe la o paletă restrânsă – în conținut – de elemente cercetate. Demersul nostru pornește de la frapanta constatare a existenței unor studii închinate dreptului, formulate exhaustiv, cu un volum impresionant de informații care pleacă de la împărțirea dreptății în Dacia preromană și se încheie cu mistificările și mutațiile abuzive atribuite regimului comunist. Motivația alegerii subiectului este justificată din multiple motive. În primul rând, unul dintre acestea este categoric de natură istoriografică, întrucât în studierea generală a istoriei dreptului o astfel de lucrare reprezintă cu Student, Facultatea de Istorie, Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza‛ din Iași. Coordonator: Lector univ. dr. Ioan-Augustin Guriță, Facultatea de Istorie, Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza‛ din Iași. 9 adevărat o necesitate. În spiritul spuselor medievistului Umberto Eco, cunoașterea Evului Mediu nu se poate face doar prin date transmise de tradiție1. În situația de față, această realitate își are cauzele în studierea fragmentară a frescei realităților sociale și juridice, a fenomenelor anomice ale societății și în replică a practicilor punitive aplicate atât în Moldova, cât și în Țara Românească, în ciuda dimensiunilor cu adevărat impresionante ale anumitor lucrări. În plus, direcția multor cercetări s-a concentrat, bunăoară, pe aspectele civile ale vieții juridice, din motive care țin (poate) de numărul mult mai bogat al surselor documentare și narative, dar, în egală măsură, și de posibilitatea unei contextualizări sau corelări mult mai facile cu alte evenimente politice, modificări topografice sau relații patrimoniale. În al doilea rând, pot fi invocate complexitățile, mutațiile fenomenologice ale secolului al XVIII-lea. Într-adevăr, scena politică era una dominată de contradicții, însă transpare posibilitatea de a surprinde cu un grad mult mai ridicat de veridicitate și mai ales exactitate faptele și evocările timpurilor, prin numărul bogat de izvoare istorice în contrast cu perioadele anterioare2. Această idee este susținută și de faptul că pentru intervalul istoric la care ne referim3 relațiile juridice dintre indivizi sunt mult mai personale, în opoziție cu cele ulterioare, care treptat vor fi filtrate de filonul instituțional-birocratic4. De cele mai multe ori, în momentul în care s-au trasat direcțiile de interpretare ale unei problematici istorice cu valențe juridice, rețeta spre care majoritatea autorilor s-au îndreptat a fost cea în care primează surprinderea continuității unui fenomen sau context juridic, în detrimentul oscilantelor nuanțe și schimbări fenomenologice furnizate de mărturiile documentare păstrate. În plus, dat fiind faptul că mulți autori au la bază, în primul rând, o pregătire în științele dreptului dublată (nu în toate cazurile) și de una istorică, s-a optat pentru analizarea unor noțiuni de drept foarte fragile ca prezență, filtrate în termenii celor de care dispune doctrina juridică matură de astăzi. 1 Umberto Eco, Scrieri despre gândirea medievală, traducere de Cezar Radu, Corina-Gabriela Bădeliță, Ștefania Mincu, Cornel Mihai Ionescu, Dragoș Cojocaru, Polirom, Iași, 2016, p. 447. 2 De pildă, trimiterile tot mai concrete la fapte criminale sau anchete pornesc după secolul al XVI-lea. Cu toate acestea, informațiile se prezintă succint, prin simpla amintire a subiecților implicați sau a cauzei ce a generat conflictul. 3 Perioada la care ne referim este a doua jumătate a veacului al XVII-lea și, mai ales, tot parcursul celui de al XVIII-lea. 4 Georgiana Zaharia, Sistemul judiciar în Moldova secolului al XVII-lea: legi, proceduri, penalități, Teză de doctorat,
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