DOCSLIB.ORG

Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 43

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 43 ISSN 0568-5435 ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÀÊÀÄÅÌÈß ÍÀÓÊ ÁÎÒÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ èì. Â. Ë. ÊÎÌÀÐÎÂÀ ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM ROSSICA INSTITUTUM BOTANICUM NOMINE V. L. KOMAROVII ÍÎÂÎÑÒÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÒÈÊÈ ÍÈÇØÈÕ ÐÀÑÒÅÍÈÉ ÒÎÌ 43 NOVITATES SYSTEMATICAE PLANTARUM NON VASCULARIUM TOMUS XLIII Òîâàðèùåñòâî íàó÷íûõ èçäàíèé KMK Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã Ìîñêâà v 2009 À. Ã. Øèðÿåâ A. G. Shiryaev ÊËÀÂÀÐÈÎÈÄÍÛÅ ÃÐÈÁÛ ÒÓÍÄÐÎÂÎÉ È ËÅÑÎÒÓÍÄÐÎÂÎÉ ÇÎÍ ÊÎËÜÑÊÎÃÎ ÏÎËÓÎÑÒÐÎÂÀ (ÌÓÐÌÀÍÑÊÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ) CLAVARIOID FUNGI OF THE TUNDRA AND FOREST-TUNDRA ZONES OF KOLA PENINSULA (MURMANSK REGION) Èíñòèòóò ýêîëîãèè ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ Ëàáîðàòîðèÿ ôèòîìîíèòîðèíãà è îõðàíû ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ìèðà 620144, Åêàòåðèíáóðã, óë. 8 Ìàðòà, ä. 202 [email protected] Ïÿòüäåñÿò øåñòü âèäîâ êëàâàðèîèäíûõ ãðèáîâ èç 14 ðîäîâ îòìå÷åíû â âû- ñîêîøèðîòíûõ ðàéîíàõ Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà, èç íèõ 55 âûÿâëåíû â ëåñîòóí- äðå è 30 â þæíûõ òóíäðàõ. Äâà âèäà (Mucronella flava è Ramaria testaceoflava) âïåðâûå îòìå÷åíû â ëåñîòóíäðîâîé çîíå Ðîññèè. Íàèáîëüøåå âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî îòìå÷åíî äëÿ ðîäà Typhula (19 âèäîâ), à òðè êðóïíåéøèõ ðîäà Typhula, Ramaria è Clavaria âêëþ÷àþò â ñóììå 53.6% âñåõ âûÿâëåííûõ âèäîâ. Êîýôôèöèåíò âè- äîâîé íàñûùåííîñòè ðîäà â ëåñîòóíäðå ðàâåí 4.0, à â þæíûõ òóíäðàõ 3.7. Óðîâåíü âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà, ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ (èíäåêñ Øåííîíà) è äîìèíèðîâàíèÿ (èíäåêñ Ñèìïñîíà) ñõîäíû ñ òàêîâûìè äëÿ äðóãèõ âûñîêîøèðîòíûõ ðåãèîíîâ Åâðîïû, îäíàêî íåñêîëüêî îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò àíàëîãè÷íûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé äëÿ Ïîëÿð- íîãî Óðàëà è ßìàëà. Íàèáîëåå îáèëüíûìè âèäàìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñàïðîòðîôû, ðàç- âèâàþùèåñÿ íà òðàâÿíèñòîì îïàäå Typhula variabilis, T. lutescens è T. sclero- tioides. Ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ àíàëîãè÷íûìè êîìïëåêñàìè Ïîëÿðíîãî Óðàëà è ßìàëà íà Êîëüñêîì ïîëóîñòðîâå çíà÷èòåëüíà ðîëü ãóìóñîâûõ ñàïðîòðîôîâ (Clavulina cinerea, Clavaria argillacea, C. falcata). Êñèëîòðîôíûå âèäû îòìå÷åíû ëèøü â ëåñîòóíäðå. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Åâðàçèÿ, êëàâàðèîèäíûå ãðèáû, Êîëüñêèé ïîëóîñòðîâ, ëå- ñîòóíäðà, ñóáàðêòèêà, òóíäðà. Fifty six species of clavarioid fungi from 14 genera are noted in the high-latitude areas of Kola Peninsula, among them 55 species being noted in forest-tundra and 30 in southern tundra. Two species (Mucronella flava and Ramaria testaceoflava) are recorded in the Russian forest-tundra zone for the first time. Like in all high-altitude areas of Eurasia, the greatest species richness is distinguished for the genus Typhula (19 species), and 3 largest genera Typhula, Ramaria and Clavaria make in total 53.6% of all revealed taxa. The species/genus ratio in forest-tundra is 4.0, and in southern tundra 3.7. The levels of species richness, diversity (Shannons index) and domination (Simpsons index) are similar to those for other European high-latitude areas, however somewhat differ from similar parameters for Polar Urals and Yamal Peninsula. Saprotrophic species on grass litter Typhula variabilis, T. lutescens and T. sclerotioides are the most abundant. In comparison with other high-latitude complexes, the role of 134 soil-inhabiting saprotrophs (Clavulina cinerea, Clavaria argillacea, C. falcata) is significant on Kola Peninsula. Wood-decaying species are noted only in forest-tundra. Keywords: clavarioid fungi, forest-tundra, Eurasia, Kola Peninsula, Subarctic, tundra. Âûñîêîøèðîòíûé êîìïëåêñ êëàâàðèîèäíûõ ãðèáîâ ðîññèéñêîé Àðêòèêè èçó÷åí ñëàáî (Êàðàòûãèí è äð., 1999; Shiryaev, 2006), â òîì ÷èñëå è â Ìóðìàíñêîé îáëàñòè, ãäå ïî îïóáëèêîâàííûì äàííûì èç- âåñòíî 11 âèäîâ êëàâàðèîèäíûõ ãðèáîâ (Karsten, 1882; Ïàðìàñòî, 1965; Øóáèí, Êðóòîâ, 1979; Êîòêîâà, 2007; Shiryaev, Kotiranta, 2007). Îäíàêî ïîäàâëÿþùàÿ ÷àñòü âûÿâëåííûõ ðàíåå ãðèáîâ ýòîé ãðóïïû ñîáðàíà â òàåæíûõ ðàéîíàõ îáëàñòè, è ëèøü ÷åòûðå èç íèõ áûëè âñòðå÷åíû â òóíäðîâîé è ëåñîòóíäðîâîé çîíàõ (Shiryaev, Kotiranta, 2007). Ñîãëàñíî çîíàëüíîìó ðàéîíèðîâàíèþ Àðêòèêè (Êàìåëèí, 2004), êðàéíèé ñåâåð Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà, ïîëíîñòüþ ëåæàùåãî çà Ïî- ëÿðíûì êðóãîì, îòíîñèòñÿ ê ïîäçîíå þæíûõ ãèïîàðêòè÷åñêèõ òóíäð è ëåñîòóíäðîâîé çîíå. Îñîáåííîñòè êëèìàòà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè îáóñ- ëîâëåíû âëèÿíèåì òåïëîãî òå÷åíèÿ Ãîëüôñòðèì, áëàãîäàðÿ êîòîðîìó äàæå â ñóðîâûå çèìû þãî-çàïàäíàÿ ÷àñòü ïðèëåæàùåãî Áàðåíöåâà ìîðÿ íå çàìåðçàåò, ïîýòîìó âîïðîñ îòíåñåíèÿ ýòîé òåððèòîðèè ê àð- êòè÷åñêèì ðàéîíàì äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè ÿâëÿåòñÿ äèñêóññèîííûì (×èíåíêî, 2008). Êëèìàò ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè Êîëüñêîãî ï-îâà îòëè÷àåòñÿ âûñîêîé âëàæ- íîñòüþ, ÷àñòîé îáëà÷íîñòüþ, ãóñòûìè òóìàíàìè è îòòåïåëÿìè çèìîé. Ñðåäíåãîäîâàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà âîçäóõà â þæíûõ òóíäðàõ êîëåáëåòñÿ â ðàéîíå 2 °Ñ, ñ íàèáîëåå íèçêîé òåìïåðàòóðîé â ôåâðàëå (îò 5 äî 9 °Ñ ), à íàèáîëåå âûñîêîé â èþëå (9 °Ñ). Áåçìîðîçíûé ïåðèîä ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ 100120 äíåé. Ñðåäíÿÿ ãîäîâàÿ âëàæíîñòü âîçäóõà êî- ëåáëåòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ 7680%, à ãîäîâîå êîëè÷åñòâî îñàäêîâ îò 500 äî 700 ìì, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî âûïàäàþùèõ â òåïëîå âðåìÿ ãîäà â èþíå è àâãóñòå.  ëåñîòóíäðå ñðåäíåãîäîâàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà ñîñòàâëÿ- åò îêîëî 2.5 °Ñ ñ íàèáîëåå íèçêîé òåìïåðàòóðîé â ÿíâàðå (îò 8 äî 11 °Ñ), è ñ íàèáîëåå âûñîêîé â èþëå (11 °Ñ). Ïîëÿðíàÿ çèìà ïðî- äîëæàåòñÿ 56 ìåñÿöåâ, íî îíà îòíîñèòåëüíî òåïëàÿ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ çèìîé â äðóãèõ îáëàñòÿõ, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ â òåõ æå øèðîòàõ. Þæíûå òóíäðû çàíèìàþò íå áîëåå 20% ïëîùàäè Ìóðìàíñêîé îáë., îãèáàÿ Êîëüñêèé ï-îâ ñ ñåâåðî-çàïàäà íà þãî-âîñòîê ïîëîñîé â 2030 êì øèðèíîé. Çäåñü ïðåîáëàäàåò êóñòàðíèêîâàÿ òóíäðà (Betula nana, Salix lapponicum, S. glauca è äð.) ëèøàéíèêîâîãî è ìîõîâîãî 135 òèïà. Áëèæå ê ìîðþ ñðåäè êóñòàðíèêîâ âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ìíîãî Rubus chamaemorus, Vaccinium myrtilis, V. vitis-idaea è äð. Áîëüøèå ïðî- ñòðàíñòâà íà äðåíèðîâàííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ çàíÿòû øèêøåâîé òóíäðîé (Empetrum nigrum) ãäå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ Chamaepericlymenum suecicum, Arctostaphylos alpina, Calluna vulgaris, Loiseleuria procumbens, Dryas punctata, Salix herbaceus, Saussurea alpina, Chamaenerion angusti- folium. Ôðàãìåíòû âûñîêîòðàâüÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíû Filipendula ulmaria, Heracleum sp., Anthriscus sylvestris, Valeriana officinalis. Êðîìå òîãî, ìíîãî ñôàãíîâûõ áîëîò è ðó÷üåâ, ïî îêðàèíàì êîòîðûõ ìíîãî÷èñëåí- íû çàðîñëè èâíÿêà. Ëåñîòóíäðà îáðàçóåò ïîëîñó äî 100 êì øèðèíîé. Ïî÷òè âåçäå îíà ïðåäñòàâëåíà áåðåçîâûì ðåäêîëåñüåì, èíîãäà ñ åëüþ (Picea abies) èëè ñîñíîé (Pinus sylvestris), ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ëèøàé- íèêîâîãî òèïà. Øèðîêî ïðåäñòàâëåíî ðàçíîòðàâüå: Carex spp., Deschamsia flexuosa, Equisetum pratense, Tofieldia palustris, Silene acaulis, Rumex sp., Stellaria sp., Athyrium sp. è âûñîêîòðàâüå: Filipendula ulmaria, Heracleum sp., Anthriscus sylvestris. Èíòðàçîíàëü- íàÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü â îñíîâíîì ïðåäñòàâëåíà èâíÿêàìè, èíîãäà ïåðå- ìåæàþùèìèñÿ ðÿìîâûìè çàðîñëÿìè ñîñíû íà òîðôÿíûõ áîëîòàõ. Äëÿ ãîðíûõ ìàññèâîâ Õèáèí õàðàêòåðíû ñóáàëüïèéñêèå òóíäðû íà âåðøèíàõ. Ïîëåâûå ðàáîòû ïðîâîäèëèñü â ñåíòÿáðå 1998 ã. â ÷åòûðåõ îñíîâ- íûõ òî÷êàõ (ðèñ. 1), äâå èç êîòîðûõ ðàñïîëîæåíû â çîíå þæíûõ êó- ñòàðíè÷êîâûõ òóíäð: 1 â îêðåñòíîñòè ïîñ. Ëèèíàõàìàðè (69°39′ ñ. ø., 31°23′ â. ä.) è 2 â îêðåñòíîñòè ïîñ. Ïîëÿðíûé (69°11′ ñ. ø., 33°29′ â. ä.), à äâå â ëåñîòóíäðå: 3 â îêðåñòíîñòè îç. Ñàíòàÿð- âè (69°30′ ñ. ø., 31°20′ â. ä.) è 4 â îêðåñòíîñòè îç. Íüÿë (69°08′ ñ. ø., 32°15′ â. ä.).  ñõîäíûå ñðîêè áûëî îáñëåäîâàíî ìàêñèìàëüíî ïîëíîå ÷èñëî ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ òèïîâ ñóáñòðàòîâ (ìåñòîîáèòàíèé) äëÿ êàæäîãî ïðèðîäíî-çîíàëüíîãî êîìïëåêñà. Ïîä îáðàçöîì (åäèíèöåé ó÷åòà) ïîíèìàåòñÿ ãðóïïà (êîëîíèÿ, ñêîïëåíèå) ïëîäîâûõ òåë âèäà, îòñòîÿùàÿ îò äðóãîé àíàëîãè÷íîé ãðóïïû ýòîãî âèäà íå ìåíåå ÷åì íà 15 ì. Îáíàðóæåíèå áàçèäèîì âèäà â ãðóïïå ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ êàê îäíà åäèíèöà ó÷åòà íåçàâèñèìî îò êîëè÷åñòâà áàçèäèîì è ðàçìåðà ãðóï- ïû. Äëÿ îöåíêè îáèëèÿ ðàññ÷èòàí ïîêàçàòåëü âñòðå÷àåìîñòè (Íîâî- æèëîâ, 2005): P = n / N, i i ãäå ãäå n ÷èñëî ðåãèñòðàöèé (åäèíèö ó÷åòà) êàæäîãî âèäà, N i îáùåå ÷èñëî åäèíèö ó÷åòà âñåõ âèäîâ â àíàëèçèðóåìîì íàáîðå äàí- íûõ. 136 Ðèñ. 1. Ðàéîí èññëåäîâàíèÿ è ïóíêòû ñáîðà ìàòåðèàëà â þæíûõ òóíäðàõ è ëåñîòóíäðå Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà. 1 îêð. ïîñ. Ëèèíàõàìàðè; 2 îêð. ïîñ. Ïîëÿðíûé, 3 îêð. îç. Ñàíòàÿðâè, 4 îêð. îç. Íüÿë. Âèäîâîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå âû÷èñëåíî ñ ïîìîùüþ èíäåêñà Øåííîíà: H′ = Σ P log P , i i ãäå P âñòðå÷àåìîñòü i-ãî âèäà (Magguran, 2004). Ïðè ñðàâíåíèè i ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ïîäñ÷èòàí êðèòåðèé Ñòüþäåíòà (t). Äëÿ âû÷èñëåíèÿ äîìèíèðîâàíèÿ èñïîëüçîâàí èíäåêñ Ñèìïñîíà: D = Σ P 2. i Äëÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ âèäîâîãî ñîñòàâà ðàçëè÷íûõ ñîîáùåñòâ èñïîëüçî- âàí êîýôôèöèåíò Ѹðåíñåíà ×åêàíîâñêîãî: C = 2C / (A+B), s ãäå À îáùåå êîëè÷åñòâî âèäîâ â ïåðâîì ñîîáùåñòâå,  îáùåå êîëè÷åñòâî âèäîâ âî âòîðîì ñîîáùåñòâå, Ñ êîëè÷åñòâî âèäîâ, îá- ùèõ äëÿ ñðàâíèâàåìûõ ñîîáùåñòâ. Äåíäðîãðàììà ïîñòðîåíà ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïðîãðàììû Statistica 6.0, ãäå èñïîëüçîâàí ìåòîä êëàñòåðèçàöèè Âàðäà, à â êà÷åñòâå ìåðû ðàçëè÷èé âûñòóïàåò êîýôôèöèåíò Ѹðåíñåíà ×åêàíîâñêîãî. 137 Òàáëèöà 1 Âèäîâîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå è áîãàòñòâî áèîòû êëàâàðèîèäíûõ ãðèáîâ ëåñîòóíäð è þæíûõ òóíäð Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà Ëåñîòóíäðà Þæíûå òóíäðû ×èñëî îáðàçöîâ 291 149 ×èñëî âèäîâ 55 30 ×èñëî ðîäîâ 13 8 Â/Ð 4.0 3.7 H' 3.88 3.34 D 0.021 0.039 Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Â/Ð êîýôôèöèåíò âèäîâîé íàñûùåííîñòè ðîäà; H′ èíäåêñ ðàç- íîîáðàçèÿ Øåííîíà; D èíäåêñ äîìèíèðîâàíèÿ Ñèìïñîíà.  ðåçóëüòàòå èññëåäîâàíèé âûÿâëåíî 440 îáðàçöîâ (åäèíèö ó÷å- òà), âêëþ÷àþùèõ 243 ïîëåâûõ îáðàçöà è 197 çàïèñåé â ïîëåâîé äíåâ- íèê, â òîì ÷èñëå â ëåñîòóíäðå 291 åäèíèöà ó÷åòà, â þæíûõ òóí- äðàõ 149 (òàáë. 1). Ñîáðàííûé ìàòåðèàë õðàíèòñÿ â êîëëåêöèè àâòîðà, íàõîäÿùåéñÿ â ìèêîëîãè÷åñêîì ãåðáàðèè Èíñòèòóòà ýêîëîãèè ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ â Åêàòåðèíáóðãå (SVER). Íàçâàíèÿ êëàâàðèîèäíûõ ãðèáîâ è ñîêðàùåíèÿ ôàìèëèé àâòîðîâ äàíû â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ áàçîé äàííûõ Index Fungorum (http:// www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp) (íà 15.04.2009), âèäû ðàñ- ïîëîæåíû â àëôàâèòíîì ïîðÿäêå. Íîâûå äëÿ Ìóðìàíñêîé îáë. âèäû îòìå÷åíû çâåçäî÷êîé (*). Äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà ïðèâîäÿòñÿ: íàçâàíèå,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Basidiomycota: Agaricales) Introducing the Ant-Associated Genus Myrmecopterula Gen
    Leal-Dutra et al. IMA Fungus (2020) 11:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-019-0022-6 IMA Fungus RESEARCH Open Access Reclassification of Pterulaceae Corner (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) introducing the ant-associated genus Myrmecopterula gen. nov., Phaeopterula Henn. and the corticioid Radulomycetaceae fam. nov. Caio A. Leal-Dutra1,5, Gareth W. Griffith1* , Maria Alice Neves2, David J. McLaughlin3, Esther G. McLaughlin3, Lina A. Clasen1 and Bryn T. M. Dentinger4 Abstract Pterulaceae was formally proposed to group six coralloid and dimitic genera: Actiniceps (=Dimorphocystis), Allantula, Deflexula, Parapterulicium, Pterula, and Pterulicium. Recent molecular studies have shown that some of the characters currently used in Pterulaceae do not distinguish the genera. Actiniceps and Parapterulicium have been removed, and a few other resupinate genera were added to the family. However, none of these studies intended to investigate the relationship between Pterulaceae genera. In this study, we generated 278 sequences from both newly collected and fungarium samples. Phylogenetic analyses supported with morphological data allowed a reclassification of Pterulaceae where we propose the introduction of Myrmecopterula gen. nov. and Radulomycetaceae fam. nov., the reintroduction of Phaeopterula, the synonymisation of Deflexula in Pterulicium, and 53 new combinations. Pterula is rendered polyphyletic requiring a reclassification; thus, it is split into Pterula, Myrmecopterula gen. nov., Pterulicium and Phaeopterula. Deflexula is recovered as paraphyletic alongside several Pterula species and Pterulicium, and is sunk into the latter genus. Phaeopterula is reintroduced to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The neotropical Myrmecopterula gen. nov. forms a distinct clade adjacent to Pterula, and most members of this clade are associated with active or inactive attine ant nests.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species and New Records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil
    Phytotaxa 253 (1): 001–026 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.1.1 New species and new records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil ARIADNE N. M. FURTADO1*, PABLO P. DANIËLS2 & MARIA ALICE NEVES1 1Laboratório de Micologia−MICOLAB, PPG-FAP, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. 2Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Ed. Celestino Mutis, 3a pta. Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba. 14071 Córdoba, Spain. *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] Phone: +55 83 996110326 ABSTRACT Fourteen species in three genera of Clavariaceae from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are described (six Clavaria, seven Cla- vulinopsis and one Ramariopsis). Clavaria diverticulata, Clavulinopsis dimorphica and Clavulinopsis imperata are new species, and Clavaria gibbsiae, Clavaria fumosa and Clavulinopsis helvola are reported for the first time for the country. Illustrations of the basidiomata and the microstructures are provided for all taxa, as well as SEM images of ornamented basidiospores which occur in Clavulinopsis helvola and Ramariopsis kunzei. A key to the Clavariaceae of Brazil is also included. Key words: clavarioid; morphology; taxonomy Introduction Clavariaceae Chevall. (Agaricales) comprises species with various types of basidiomata, including clavate, coralloid, resupinate, pendant-hydnoid and hygrophoroid forms (Hibbett & Thorn 2001, Birkebak et al. 2013). The family was first proposed to accommodate mostly saprophytic club and coral-like fungi that were previously placed in Clavaria Vaill. ex. L., including species that are now in other genera and families, such as Clavulina J.Schröt.
    [Show full text]
  • Reclassification of Pterulaceae Corner (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) Introducing the Ant-Associated Genus Myrmecopterula Gen
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/718809; this version posted September 27, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Reclassification of Pterulaceae Corner (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) introducing the ant-associated genus Myrmecopterula gen. nov., Phaeopterula Henn. and the corticioid Radulomycetaceae fam. nov. Caio A. Leal-Dutra1,5, Gareth W. Griffith1, Maria Alice Neves2, David J. McLaughlin3, Esther G. McLaughlin3, Lina A. Clasen1 & Bryn T. M. Dentinger4 1 Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DD WALES 2 Micolab, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil 3 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA 4 Natural History Museum of Utah & Biology Department, University of Utah, 301 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA 5 CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, P.O. Box 250, Brasília – DF 70040-020, Brazil ABSTRACT Pterulaceae was formally proposed to group six coralloid and dimitic genera [Actiniceps (=Dimorphocystis), Allantula, Deflexula, Parapterulicium, Pterula and Pterulicium]. Recent molecular studies have shown that some of the characters currently used in Pterulaceae Corner do not distin- guish the genera. Actiniceps and Parapterulicium have been removed and a few other resupinate genera were added to the family. However, none of these studies intended to investigate the relation- ship between Pterulaceae genera.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi
    A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF ARIZONA MACROFUNGI Scott T. Bates School of Life Sciences Arizona State University PO Box 874601 Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 ABSTRACT A checklist of 1290 species of nonlichenized ascomycetaceous, basidiomycetaceous, and zygomycetaceous macrofungi is presented for the state of Arizona. The checklist was compiled from records of Arizona fungi in scientific publications or herbarium databases. Additional records were obtained from a physical search of herbarium specimens in the University of Arizona’s Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium and of the author’s personal herbarium. This publication represents the first comprehensive checklist of macrofungi for Arizona. In all probability, the checklist is far from complete as new species await discovery and some of the species listed are in need of taxonomic revision. The data presented here serve as a baseline for future studies related to fungal biodiversity in Arizona and can contribute to state or national inventories of biota. INTRODUCTION Arizona is a state noted for the diversity of its biotic communities (Brown 1994). Boreal forests found at high altitudes, the ‘Sky Islands’ prevalent in the southern parts of the state, and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson) forests that are widespread in Arizona, all provide rich habitats that sustain numerous species of macrofungi. Even xeric biomes, such as desertscrub and semidesert- grasslands, support a unique mycota, which include rare species such as Itajahya galericulata A. Møller (Long & Stouffer 1943b, Fig. 2c). Although checklists for some groups of fungi present in the state have been published previously (e.g., Gilbertson & Budington 1970, Gilbertson et al. 1974, Gilbertson & Bigelow 1998, Fogel & States 2002), this checklist represents the first comprehensive listing of all macrofungi in the kingdom Eumycota (Fungi) that are known from Arizona.
    [Show full text]
  • 9B Taxonomy to Genus
    Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Clavarioid Fungi (Agaricomycetes) Recorded in Brazil
    A checklist of clavarioid fungi (Agaricomycetes) recorded in Brazil ANGELINA DE MEIRAS-OTTONI*, LIDIA SILVA ARAUJO-NETA & TATIANA BAPTISTA GIBERTONI Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves s/n, Recife 50670-420 Brazil *CORRESPONDENCE TO: [email protected] ABSTRACT — Based on an intensive search of literature about clavarioid fungi (Agaricomycetes: Basidiomycota) in Brazil and revision of material deposited in Herbaria PACA and URM, a list of 195 taxa was compiled. These are distributed into six orders (Agaricales, Cantharellales, Gomphales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales and Russulales) and 12 families (Aphelariaceae, Auriscalpiaceae, Clavariaceae, Clavulinaceae, Gomphaceae, Hymenochaetaceae, Lachnocladiaceae, Lentariaceae, Lepidostromataceae, Physalacriaceae, Pterulaceae, and Typhulaceae). Among the 22 Brazilian states with occurrence of clavarioid fungi, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and Amazonas have the higher number of species, but most of them are represented by a single record, which reinforces the need of more inventories and taxonomic studies about the group. KEY WORDS — diversity, taxonomy, tropical forest Introduction The clavarioid fungi are a polyphyletic group, characterized by coralloid, simple or branched basidiomata, with variable color and consistency. They include 30 genera with about 800 species, distributed in Agaricales, Cantharellales, Gomphales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales and Russulales (Corner 1970; Petersen 1988; Kirk et al. 2008). These fungi are usually humicolous or lignicolous, but some can be symbionts – ectomycorrhizal, lichens or pathogens, being found in temperate, subtropical and tropical forests (Corner 1950, 1970; Petersen 1988; Nelsen et al. 2007; Henkel et al. 2012). Some species are edible, while some are poisonous (Toledo & Petersen 1989; Henkel et al. 2005, 2011). Studies about clavarioid fungi in Brazil are still scarce (Fidalgo & Fidalgo 1970; Rick 1959; De Lamônica-Freire 1979; Sulzbacher et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Clavarioid Fungi of the Urals. II. the Nemoral Zone
    Karstenia 47: 5–16, 2007 Clavarioid fungi of the Urals. II. The nemoral zone ANTON G. SHIRYAEV SHIRYAEV, A. 2007: Clavarioid fungi of the Urals. II. The nemoral zone. – Karstenia 47: 5–16. 2007. Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. One hundred and eighteen clavarioid species are reported from the nemoral zone of the Ural Mts.. Eight of them, Ceratellopsis aculeata, C. terrigena, Lentaria corticola, Pistillaria quercicola, Ramaria broomei, R. lutea, R. subtilis and Typhula hyalina, are reported for the fi rst time from Russia. The material consists of 1300 collections and observations, and according to these, the most frequent species are Clavulina cinerea, Macrotyphula. juncea, Typhula erythropus, T. sclerotioides, T. uncialis and T. variabilis. These contain ca. 23 % of all observations, but only 5 % of all the species. In comparison with the boreal zone of the Urals, the nemoral zone consists less abundant species (1.7% / 14.6%) and an more rare species (47.8% / 38.2%). Species like Clavulinopsis aurantio- cinnabarina, Pistillaria quercicola, Ramaria broomei, R. lutea and Sparassis brevipes are considered to be relicts of Pliocen and Holocen periods. The most favorable habitats for the rare and relict species are discussed. The collecting sites are briefl y described and descriptions of the new and rare species for Russia are given. Key words: Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycetes, clavarioid fungi, distribution, nemoral, relicts, Ural Anton Shiryaev, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology RAS, 8 March str. 202, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia Introduction The Northern subzone of the nemoral zone, like fungi associated mainly with the nemoral zone. also the hemiboreal zone, are widely distributed The delimitation between the southern parts of in Central Europe but in easternmost Europe hemiboreal zone and northern parts of nemoral represented just as narrow strips on the west- zone is often extremely diffi cult, and in the area ern slopes of the South Ural Mountains (Sjörs somewhat vague.
    [Show full text]
  • Reclassification of Pterulaceae Corner (Basidiomycota: Agaricales)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/718809; this version posted August 9, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Reclassification of Pterulaceae Corner (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) 2 introducing the ant-associated genus Myrmecopterula gen. nov., 3 Phaeopterula Henn. and the corticioid Radulomycetaceae fam. nov. 4 5 Caio A. Leal-Dutra1,5, Gareth W. Griffith1, Maria Alice Neves2, David J. McLaughlin3, Esther G. McLaughlin3, 6 Lina A. Clasen1 & Bryn T. M. Dentinger4 7 8 1 Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion 9 SY23 3DD WALES 10 2 Micolab, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 11 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil 12 3 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, 13 Minnesota 55108, USA 14 4 Natural History Museum of Utah & Biology Department, University of Utah, 301 Wakara Way, Salt Lake 15 City, Utah 84108, USA 16 5 CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, P.O. Box 250, Brasília – DF 70040-020, Brazil 17 18 Author’s e-mails in order : 19 [email protected] 20 [email protected] (*Corresponding author) 21 [email protected] 22 [email protected] 23 [email protected] 24 [email protected] 25 [email protected] 26 27 28 29 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/718809; this version posted August 9, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Mucronella Flava
    Mucronella flava Pilzportrait Fungi, Dikarya, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Clavariaceae Mucronella flava Goldgelber Fadenstachelpilz Mucronella flava Mucronella flava Corner 1953 Mucronella flava Corner 1953 Ein ähnlicher Pilz ist der sehr seltene Gelbe Apfelbaum-Zahnporling (Sarcodontia setosa / crocea), welche aber primär in Obstgärten von Apfelbäumen vorkommt. Auch hat Sarcodontia etwas grössere Sporen und es finden sich Sklerozysten im Trama. S. crocea/setosa ist ein leuchtend gelber resupinat wachsender Zähnchenpilz, auf alten geschädigten Obstbäumen, hauptsächlich Apfelbäumen (Malus spp.) in Obstgärten mit alten Baumbeständen wächst. Solche Wirtsbäume werden durch das Fällen alter und geschädigter Obstbäume (dem Einsatz von Pestiziden und Fungiziden) und der Modernisierung des Obstbaus immer seltener. Die Verstädterung, die zum Fällen alter Bäume an Straßenrändern und zum Verschwinden alter Dörfer mit alten Gärten geführt hat, hat diesen Pilz zum Verschwinden gebracht und sein Bestand gilt als gefährdet. Odontoide, irpicoide und stachelige Arten (+/- gelb/weiss): Keine inkrustierten Lamprozystiden: Mycoacia (ausser fuscoatra), Hericium, Dentipellis, Mucronella Mit inkrustierten Lamprozystiden: Amylosterum, Irpex, Phanerochaete, Phlebia, Peniophora, Phlebiopsis, Scopuloides, Steccherinum, Irpex Mit inkrustierten Lagenozystiden: Grandinia Mit Gloeozystiden: Dentipellis, Creolophus Mit Sklerozysten: Sarcodontia makroskopisch Fruchtkörper / Habitus / Wachstumsform Resupinat wachsend mikroskopisch
    [Show full text]
  • Agaricales) Reveals Polyphyly of Agaricoid Members
    Mycologia, 108(5), 2016, pp. 860–868. DOI: 10.3852/15-370 # 2016 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction of the Clavariaceae (Agaricales) reveals polyphyly of agaricoid members Joshua M. Birkebak is a single club-shaped (clavarioid) or branched (coral- Slavomír Adamcˇík1,2 loid) basidiome represented by the genera Clavaria L.: Brian P. Looney Fr. (abbreviated Cl.), Clavulinopsis Overeem, Ramariop- P. Brandon Matheny sis (Donk) Corner and Mucronella Fr. Mucronella occu- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University pies a well-supported position sister to the remaining of Tennessee, 332 Hesler, Biology Building, Knoxville, groups in the family (Birkebak et al. 2013). Clavulinop- Tennessee 37996-1610 sis and Ramariopsis form a well-supported monophylet- ic group. All agaricoid members of the family (with a differentiated pileus, stipe, and lamellate hymeno- Abstract: The genus Camarophyllopsis contains species phore) are currently classified in the single genus with lamellate (agaricoid) basidiomes in the family Cla- Camarophyllopsis Doty. The genus Hyphodontiella Å. variaceae (Agaricales), a group otherwise dominated Strid produces resupinate morphotypes and, accord- by club-like (clavarioid) or branched (coralloid) ing to Birkebak et al. (2013), is poorly supported as forms. Previous studies have suggested that species the sister group to a clade of Clavicorona-Clavaria- classified in Camarophyllopsis occur in two independent Camarophyllopsis. The genus Clavicorona produces basi- lineages. We reconstructed a multilocus phylogeny of diomes that are inflated upward and have a sterile the Clavaria-Camarophyllopsis-Clavicorona clade in the upper surface but lack lamellar modification of the Clavariaceae using RNA polymerase II second largest hymenophore.
    [Show full text]
  • Materiały Do Poznania Różnorodności Grzybów Wielkoowocnikowych Ustronia W Województwie Śląskim
    Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXXII, 1 (2021): 3-32 Piotr Chachuła, Marek Fiedor, Ryszard Rutkowski, Aleksander Dorda MATERIAŁY DO POZNANIA RÓŻNORODNOŚCI GRZYBÓW WIELKOOWOCNIKOWYCH USTRONIA W WOJEWÓDZTWIE ŚLĄSKIM New data on the diversity of macroscopic fungi of the Ustroń community, Silesian voivodship ABSTRAKT: W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań mykologicznych prowadzonych w latach 2014-2020 na terenie Ustronia w województwie śląskim. Łącznie stwierdzono występowanie 383 gatunków grzybów wielkoowocnikowych, należących do grzybów podstawkowych Basidiomycota (310 gatunków) i worko- wych Ascomycota (73 gatunki). Wśród odnotowanych taksonów 113 to grzyby uznane za cenne, w tym dwa nienotowane dotychczas w Polsce Hiemsia pseudoampezzana (Svrček) Svrček i Lamprospora wrightii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Seaver. Wśród grzybów stwierdzonych na terenie Ustronia 26 to gatunki bardzo rzadkie, podawane z nielicznych stanowisk w Polsce – m.in. Bryoscyphus dicrani (Ade & Höhn.) Spooner, Hydnotrya bailii Soehner i Psilopezia nummularialis Pfister & Cand. Wybrane taksony scharakteryzo- wano również pod kątem ich siedlisk i rodzaju substratu, w obrębie którego rozwijały się i wytwarzały owocniki lub podkładki. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: makromycetes, grzyby workowe, grzyby podstawkowe, gatunki rzadkie i objęte ochroną, polskie Karpaty, Pogórze Śląskie, Beskid Śląski ABSTRACT: The paper presents the results of observations and field studies carried out in 2014-2020 in Ustroń in Silesian Voivodeship. During these studies, 383 species of macromycetes belonging to Basid- iomycota (310 species) and Ascomycota (73 species) were found. Among the taxa recorded, 113 are two valuable species, including Hiemsia pseudoampezzana (Svrček) Svrček and Lamprospora wrightii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Seaver, which have not been recorded in Poland so far. Among the fungi found in Ustroń 26 are very rare species, so far reported only from a few sites in Poland, including Bryoscyphus dicrani (Ade & Höhn.) Spooner, Hydnotrya bailii Soehner and Psilopezia nummularialis Pfister & Cand.
    [Show full text]
  • W Poland) Andrzej Szczepkowski; Warsaw
    Acta Mycologica Article ID: 5515 DOI: 10.5586/am.5515 CHECKLIST Publication History Received: 2019-08-06 Contribution to the Knowledge of Accepted: 2019-11-24 Published: 2020-06-30 Mycobiota of the Wielkopolski National Handling Editor Park (W Poland) Andrzej Szczepkowski; Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; 1* 2 Błażej Gierczyk , Anna Kujawa https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 1Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland 9778-9567 2Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland , Authors Contributions *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] BG: feld research, specimen identifcation, preparation of the manuscript and graphics; AK: feld research, specimen Abstract identifcation, photographic Te Wielkopolski National Park is located in western Poland, near Poznań City. documentation, and correction of the manuscript Its unique postglacial landforms are covered with various (semi)natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Te mycobiota of this Park has been studied for 90 Funding years; however, current state knowledge is still insufcient. In 2018, a few-year- The studies were fnanced by the long project on the chorology, richness, and diversity of fungal biota of this area State Forests National Forest was started. In the frst year, 312 taxa of macromycetes were found. Among them, Holding – Directorate-General of the State Forests in 2018 as a 140 taxa were new for the biota of the Wielkopolski National Park. Five species project “Species diversity of (Botryobasidium robustius, Hebeloma subtortum, Leccinum brunneogriseolum, macrofungi in Wielkopolska Pachyella violaceonigra, and Sistotrema athelioides) were new for Poland, and 26 National Park – preliminary taxa were new for the Wielkopolska region.
    [Show full text]