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Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa
paper 29 Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa by Lucien Mufor Atanga Published by ©BICC, Bonn 2003 Bonn International Center for Conversion Director: Peter J. Croll An der Elisabethkirche 25 D-53113 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-911960 Fax: +49-228-241215 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bicc.de Table of Contents Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Background and Problem 5 1.2 Scope 11 1.3 Objective 12 1.4 Research Propositions/Questions 12 1.5 Significance of the study 12 1.6 Definition of Core Concepts 13 1.7 Methodology 13 2. Literature and Analysis 14 2.1 The Literature 14 2.2 Practical Disarmament in Latin America 20 2.3 Practical Disarmament in Africa 23 2.4 Some Technical Aspects of Micro-Disarmament 26 2.5 Aspects of Conceptual and Theoretical Considerations 27 3. The Way Forward? 30 3.1 Elements for Practical Micro-disarmament in the sub-region of Central Africa 30 3.2 Traditional Authorities 37 3.3 The International Community and NGOs 38 3.4 The Role of Business and MNCs 39 4. Conclusion 41 5. References 44 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements My stay at the Bonn International Centre for Conversion (BICC) as a Ford Research Fellow has been quite an enriching experience professionally. I thank both the Ford Foundation and my host institution, BICC for granting me such an opportunity. I also wish to express my appreciation to the University of Buea, Cameroon, for granting me leave of absence to take up the fellowship. -
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1 © 2018 ODUNLAMI, A. A. 2 © ODUNLAMI, A. A. ISBN: 978-978-50642-6-7 FIRST PUBLISHED 2018. Apart from any fair dealings for private purpose study, research, review, no portion of this book may be reproduced by any process without the permission from the copyright owner. Printed in Nigeria by: IT’S BY GOD’S GRACE PUBLISHING COY. 08033035630 OR 08056459520 HEAD OFFICE BRANCH OFFICE S. 52 Oderemi Abatan Street, Oke-Oye Junction, Alagbado, Lagos State. Ilesa, Osun State. 3 Preface This book gives an in-depth analysis of the various international organizations, origin, formation, aims and objectives, achievements and failures. It pin-point the structure and organizations of International Organization, organs, and functions. It also touches all the relevant areas that students of political science need to know. I believe this book would elicit a great interest in students studying political science in higher institutions of learning and also enhance their horizon of knowledge to foster effective teaching and learning. Odunlami, A. A. 2018 4 DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the almighty God, the Author and Finisher of our faith, and to my Late father Pa. Adefisan Ayodele Odunlami who toiled to give me the benefit of having western education and to all lovers of education throughout the world. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word and the Holy Ghost and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth, the spirit, the water and blood and these three agree in one (I Jn. 5:7-8). -
P.7 Social Studies Self-Study Lessons Set 4 11.6.2020
P.7 SOCIAL STUDIES SELF-STUDY LESSONS SET 4 11.6.2020 LESSON 1 TOPIC: NATIONALISM AND THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE SUB TOPIC: MULTI – POLITICAL PARTY DEMOCRACY LANGUAGE COMPETENCE: Read, spell and pronounce these words correctly: emblem, resistance, symbol, registered, forum Learning outcomes: By the end of the lesson, you should be able to: ▪ Define the terms - multi party system, political party ▪ Give examples of political parties in Uganda ▪ Describe the sitting positions of different political leaders in the parliament ▪ Tell the roles of different leaders in the parliament CONTENT: Multi Political Party Democracy This is a system of government where political power is competed for by more than one political party What does the word multi mean? The word “Multi “is a prefix that means more than one or many. What is a political party? Apolitical party is a group of people who seek to capture political power through an election in order to run the affairs of a country. It has a registered name, an emblem and have significant symbols. Examples of political parties competing for political power in Uganda today include; 1. National Resistance Movement (NRM) – H.E Y. K. Museveni 2. Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) – Patrick Oboi Amuriat 1 3. Uganda people’s congress (UPC) – Jimmy Akena 4. Democratic Party (DP) - Norbert Mao 5. People’s Progressive Party - Jaberi Bidandi Sali 6. The conservative Party (CP) – Hon Ken Lukyamuzi) 7. Alliance for National Transformation (ANT) – Mugisha Muntu. Important points to note about how a Parliament in multi – political party democracy is organized - The ruling political party sits on the government side of the parliament. -
A Peace of Timbuktu: Democratic Governance, Development And
UNIDIR/98/2 UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva A Peace of Timbuktu Democratic Governance, Development and African Peacemaking by Robin-Edward Poulton and Ibrahim ag Youssouf UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 1998 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. * * * The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. UNIDIR/98/2 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. GV.E.98.0.3 ISBN 92-9045-125-4 UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research UNIDIR is an autonomous institution within the framework of the United Nations. It was established in 1980 by the General Assembly for the purpose of undertaking independent research on disarmament and related problems, particularly international security issues. The work of the Institute aims at: 1. Providing the international community with more diversified and complete data on problems relating to international security, the armaments race, and disarmament in all fields, particularly in the nuclear field, so as to facilitate progress, through negotiations, towards greater security for all States and towards the economic and social development of all peoples; 2. Promoting informed participation by all States in disarmament efforts; 3. Assisting ongoing negotiations in disarmament and continuing efforts to ensure greater international security at a progressively lower level of armaments, particularly nuclear armaments, by means of objective and factual studies and analyses; 4. -
Mamoudou Département D’Histoire Faculté Des Lettres Et Sciences Humaines Université De Douala /Cameroun Email : Mamoudou [email protected]
165 WILLIAM AURÉLIEN ÉTEKI MBOUMOUA,… WILLIAM AURÉLIEN ÉTEKI MBOUMOUA, LA DIPLOMATIE CAMEROUNAISE ET L’ORGANISATION DE L’UNITÉ AFRICAINE 1960 -1978 Mamoudou Département d’Histoire Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines Université de Douala /Cameroun Email : [email protected] Résumé : Géographiquement situé en Afrique centrale, le Cameroun fut l’un des Etats fondateurs de l’Organisation de l’Unité Africaine (OUA) en 1963. En tant que acteur des relations internationales, il a eu une diplomatie dynamique influencée par l’héritage colonial, les contingences historiques et le quotient personnel de ses fils au rang desquels figure en bonne place William Éteki Mboumoua. Ce dernier qui succède à son compatriote Joseph Nzo Ekangaki à la tête de l’OUA en 1974, contribua grandement au développement et au rayonnement de l’institution panafricaine dans un contexte où le Cameroun déployait, sous la houlette de son chef de l’Etat Ahmadou Ahidjo, une diplomatie de présence et d’affirmation. Cette réflexion, qui s’adosse sur la biographie de William Éteki Mboumoua, montre la contribution d’un acteur de l’histoire à l’émergence de la diplomatie camerounaise et à la vitalité diplomatique de l’OUA. Grand commis de l’Etat, Éteki Mboumoua laissa une marque indélébile dans l’histoire de l’OUA. Fin négociateur, ce camerounais a œuvré pour la promotion économique du potentiel africain et pour la diplomatie culturelle en Afrique. Il fit montre de grandes qualités humaines et professionnelles tout au long de son mandat à la tête du secrétariat général de l’organisation panafricaine. Il quitta son poste en 1978, non sans regrets, pour regagner son pays et occuper le poste de conseiller diplomatique à la présidence de la république. -
Africa and the OAU Zdenel< Cervenl<A
The Unfinished Quatfor Unity THE UMFIMISHED QUEST FORUMITY Africa and the OAU Zdenel< Cervenl<a JrFRIEDMANN Julian Friedmann Publishers Ltd 4 Perrins Lane, London NW3 1QY in association with The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala, Sweden. THE UNFINISHED QUEST FOR UNITY first published in 1977 Text © Zdenek Cervenka 1977 Typeset by T & R Filmsetters Ltd Printed in Great Britain by ISBN O 904014 28 2 Conditions of sale This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form or binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition inc1uding this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction by Raph Uwechue ix Author's Note xiv Map xx CHAPTER l:The Establishment of the Organization of African Unity 1 1. Africa before the OAU 1 2. The Addis Ababa Summit Conference 4 CHAPTER II: The OAU Charter 12 1. The purposes .12 2. The principles .13 3. Membership .16 CHAPTER III: The Principal Organs of the OAU. .. 20 1. The Assembly of Heads of State and Government .20 2. The Council of Ministers .24 3. The General Secretariat .27 4. The Specialized Commissions .36 5. The Defence Commission .38 CHAPTER lY: The OAU Liberation Committee . .45 1. Relations with the liberation movements .46 2. Organization and structure .50 3. Membership ..... .52 4. Reform limiting its powers .55 5. The Accra Declaration on the new liberation strategy .58 6. -
Bilateralism and Peaceful Resolution of Conflicts in Africa: Cameroon’S Diplomacy During the Bakassi Peninsula Dispute
AFRICA INSTITUTE OF SOUTH AFRICA BriefinG NO 45 MARCH 2011 Bilateralism and Peaceful Resolution of Conflicts in Africa: Cameroon’s Diplomacy during the Bakassi Peninsula Dispute Nicasius Achu Check The foreign policy-making processes in Cameroon are highly personalised matters and have been dominated by the governing style and personality of Presidents Amadou Ahidjo and Paul Biya, respectively. Bilateralism appeared to be Cameroon’s preferred diplomatic interaction following independence but it somehow adopted a more open, multilateral and aggressive diplomatic overture within the international arena under the Biya regime to argue for its con- tinued possession of the Bakassi Peninsula. This policy brief examines Cameroon’s diplomacy towards Nigeria during the Bakassi Peninsula crisis. When Nigeria disputed Cameroon’s own- ership of the peninsula, she sought the assistance and arbitration of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) at The Hague. This was in sharp contrast to its prior non-contentious, low-profile approach in its international engagements. Though Cameroon has previously provided two successive Secretary-Generals of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), she has assumed a more subdued and subtle approach in multilateral organisations. The policy brief focuses on Cameroon’s sudden change in diplomatic engagement and attributes such change to the perceived threat of Nigeria over its sovereignty on the Bakassi Peninsula. Keywords: Cameroon, Bakassi Peninsula, Bilateralism, Nigeria, Diplomacy Nicasius Achu Check is a Research -
Review No. 51
Review no. 51 Press Review 1—15 September 2013 Table of Contents Pages African Union - 395ème réunion du CPS sur la situation en Egypte 4 - 395th PSC meeting on the situation in Egypt 5 - Conclusions opérationnelles de la 3ème réunion des chefs des Services de Renseignement et de Sécurité des pays de la région sahélo-saharienne 6 - Operational Conclusions of the third Meeting of the Heads of Intelligence and Security Services of the countries of the Sahelo-Saharan Region 9 - Conclusions de la 2ème réunion ministérielle sur le renforcement de la coopération en matière de sécurité et l’opérationnalisation de l’Architecture africaine de paix et de sécurité dans la région sahélo-saharienne 13 - Conclusions of the 2nd Ministerial Meeting on the Enhancement of Security Cooperation and the Operationalization of the APSA in the Sahelo-Saharan Region 17 - Statement of the africa forum on the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic 21 - Tenue d'un atelier sur la Sécurité aux frontières à Tripoli, Libye 25 - Convening of a workshop on Border Security in Tripoli, Libya 27 - Sierra Leone donates $ 1 Million to AU Trust Fund on Mali 29 - Communiqué du Conseil de paix et de sécurité de l’Union africaine (UA), en sa 394ème réunion sur la situation à Madagascar 31 - Communiqué of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AU), at its 394th meeting on the situation in Madagascar 33 - L'Union Africaine se félicite des résultats de la réunion au sommet entre les Présidents du Soudan et du Soudan du Sud 35 - The African Union welcomes the outcome -
Statement of the Africa Forum on the Situation in Syria
FORUM FOR FORMER AFRICAN HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT Ref: AF/ Statement/Syria.1/09/2013 STATEMENT OF THE AFRICA FORUM ON THE SITUATION IN THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Pretoria, 5 September 2013 We, members of the Forum for Former African Heads of State and Government, commonly referred to as Africa Forum (AF), have been deeply concerned about the protracted civil war in Syria, which has now raged for two-and-a-half years. It has been our understanding from the beginning that this conflict was occasioned by serious differences among the Syrian people concerning their country’s constitutional and political system. It was also our understanding that the root cause of the conflict was and remain essentially political. Accordingly, its solution could only be political, and not military. Against this background, we have therefore held the view that the Syrian belligerents must urgently enter into inclusive negotiations to end the civil war through a peaceful process. Consequently, the international community has had the solemn responsibility to encourage and assist all the Syrians to engage in these inclusive negotiations. In this regard, as Africans, we have been ready to give all necessary support to the two eminent Africans, Kofi Annan and Lakhdar Executive Secretariat: 7th Floor Metro Park Building, 351 Fancis Baard Street, Pretoria P.O. Box. 6541,Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa Tel: +27 12 354 8073/ 8048 Fax: +27 12 354 8163 E-mail: [email protected] www.africaforum.org 1 Brahimi, who were given the onerous responsibility to facilitate a peaceful resolution of the Syrian conflict. -
Union Africaine : Dans L'attente D'un Leadership Visionnaire
Union africaine : Dans l'attente d'un leadership visionnaire Extrait du Madagascar-Tribune.com http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Union-africaine-Dans-l-attente-d,16991.html Union africaine : Dans l'attente d'un leadership visionnaire - International - Date de mise en ligne : mercredi 25 janvier 2012 Madagascar-Tribune.com Copyright © Madagascar-Tribune.com Page 1/2 Union africaine : Dans l'attente d'un leadership visionnaire (MFI / 24.01.12) Qui donc l'emportera, au terme de cette compétition rude et disputée ? Le suspense est total. Nous entrons dans le sprint final, et l'Afrique attend, avec délectation, de connaître le nom du vainqueur... À la fin de ce mois de janvier, les chefs d'États, réunis à Addis-Abeba, devraient trancher entre les candidats à la présidence de la Commission de l'Union Africaine. Face au sortant, Jean Ping, du Gabon, la Sud-africaine Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma. La campagne pour n'a pas été des plus bruyantes, mais comme elle a été dure ! Avec, subtilement distillée dans (et par) les médias, cette idée que la coutume voudrait que ce poste n'aille jamais à un ressortissant d'un grand pays. L'Afrique du Sud, faut-il comprendre ici. Mais où vont-ils donc chercher de tels arguments ? Boubacar Diallo Telli, le premier à assumer cette fonction, à la création de l'OUA, en 1963, était un Guinéen. De la Guinée de Sékou Touré, alors un très grand pays en Afrique ! C'est d'ailleurs à cette Guinée-là que pensait Alpha Condé, lorsqu'il a proclamé, lors de son investiture : « Guinée is back ! » Petit pays, dites-vous ? Nzo Ekangaki et son successeur, William Eteki Mboumoua, venaient du Cameroun d'Ahmadou Ahidjo, qui n'était pas un pays négligeable ! Passe encore pour le Togo, d'où vient Edem Kodjo, mais dont la candidature a été portée par le Nigeria, pays important, s'il en est. -
An Urgent Appeal on Libya by Former African Heads of State and Government
FORUM FOR FORMER AFRICAN HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT AFRICA FORUM AN URGENT APPEAL ON LIBYA BY FORMER AFRICAN HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT May 25, 2011 H.E. Chairperson Jean Ping African Union Commission African Union Headquarters ADDIS ABABA Your Excellency, All of us, signatories to this Appeal, know intimately what it means when Africans turn one against the other, and decide to resolve their differences by spilling one another’s blood. We are convinced that no African sleeps and can sleep easily, while our fellow Africans in Libya continue to slaughter one another. It is now almost two months since the UN Security Council adopted its Resolution 1973 on Libya. The determined military actions taken by sections of the international community since then have not ended the Libyan conflict. We are gravely concerned that especially these military interventions, now under the leadership of NATO, have not brought us any closer to a durable resolution of this conflict. Rather, in our view, they have made it even more difficult to achieve this result both in the short and the long term. Executive Secretariat: 7th Floor Metro Park Building, 351 Schoeman Street, Pretoria P.O Box: 6541, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa, Tel: +27 12 354 8073/ 8153 Fax: +27 12 354 8073 / 8163 E-mail: [email protected] www.africaforum.org [1] It is very obvious that the perpetuation of the current violent conflict, with no end in sight, including the further exacerbation of the animosities among the Libyans and the destruction of infrastructure, will make it ever more difficult to reconstruct Libya as a united, democratic and peaceful country. -
GOVERNMENT-Week-6-8.Pdf
WEEK 6 B. UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION United Nations Organization was set-up on the 24th Oct, 1945 as a result of League of Nations’ failure to prevent the occurrence of war which it was established for in 1919. It was Winston Churchill, the prime minister of Great Britain and President Franklin Roosevelt of U.S.A. that discussed the need for a new body to replace the League of Nations. After many wartime conferences it was agreed upon that a new organization was needed to maintain international peace and the original plan was decided upon by the UK, USA, USSR and China. In 1945, fifty(50) nations signed the Charter of UNO at San Francisco in USA, the original members grew to 100 in 1960 and increased to 12) in 1970 and presently it has increased to 193 with the inclusion of New created Southern Sudan. Membership is open to every nation in the world that has gained independence. The Charter that set up UNO requires that any country wishing to become a member must be recommended by at least seven members of the Security Council including the five permanent ones and been elected by a two-third majority in the General-Assembly. The UNO headquarters is located in New York City. Aims and Objectives of UNO The UNO was set up for the following purposes (1) To maintain international peace and security, and serve as a forum for discussing world issues. (2) To develop friendly relations among nation in order to achieve international co-operation in solving economic, social, culture and all humanitarian international problems.