Tchad: Un Nouveau Cadre De Resolution Du Conflit
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THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and Small Arms Survey by Eric G
SMALL ARMS: A REGIONAL TINDERBOX A REGIONAL ARMS: SMALL AND REPUBLIC AFRICAN THE CENTRAL Small Arms Survey By Eric G. Berman with Louisa N. Lombard Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland p +41 22 908 5777 f +41 22 732 2738 e [email protected] w www.smallarmssurvey.org THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AND SMALL ARMS A REGIONAL TINDERBOX ‘ The Central African Republic and Small Arms is the most thorough and carefully researched G. Eric By Berman with Louisa N. Lombard report on the volume, origins, and distribution of small arms in any African state. But it goes beyond the focus on small arms. It also provides a much-needed backdrop to the complicated political convulsions that have transformed CAR into a regional tinderbox. There is no better source for anyone interested in putting the ongoing crisis in its proper context.’ —Dr René Lemarchand Emeritus Professor, University of Florida and author of The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa ’The Central African Republic, surrounded by warring parties in Sudan, Chad, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, lies on the fault line between the international community’s commitment to disarmament and the tendency for African conflicts to draw in their neighbours. The Central African Republic and Small Arms unlocks the secrets of the breakdown of state capacity in a little-known but pivotal state in the heart of Africa. It also offers important new insight to options for policy-makers and concerned organizations to promote peace in complex situations.’ —Professor William Reno Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science, Northwestern University Photo: A mutineer during the military unrest of May 1996. -
Report of the Joint Human Rights Promotion Mission To
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA Commission Africaine des Droits de l’Homme & des African Commission on Human & Peoples’ Peuples Rights No. 31 Bijilo Annex Lay-out, Kombo North District, Western Region, P. O. Box 673, Banjul, The Gambia Tel: (220) 441 05 05 /441 05 06, Fax: (220) 441 05 04 E-mail: [email protected]; Web www.achpr.org REPORT OF THE JOINT HUMAN RIGHTS PROMOTION MISSION TO THE REPUBLIC OF CHAD 11 - 19 MARCH 2013 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the Commission) is grateful to the Government of the Republic of Chad for kindly hosting, from 11 to 19 March 2013, a joint human rights promotion mission undertaken by a delegation of the Commission. The Commission expresses its sincere gratitude to the country’s highest authorities for providing the delegation with the necessary facilities and personnel for the smooth conduct of the mission. The Commission expresses its appreciation to Ms Amina Kodjiyana, Minister for Human Rights and the Promotion of Fundamental Freedoms, and her advisers for their key role in organising the various meetings and for ensuring the success of the mission. 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AfDB : African Development Bank APRM : African Peer Review Mechanism AU : African Union BEPC : Secondary School Leaving Certificate CENI : Independent National Electoral Commission CNARR : National Commission for the Reception and Reintegration of Refugees and Returnees COBAC : Central African Banking Commission CSO : Civil Society Organisation DSG : Deputy Secretary-General -
Tchad) : 1635-2012
Aix-Marseille Université Institut des Mondes Africains (IMAF, CNRS – UMR 8171, IRD – UMR 243) Des transhumants entre alliances et conflits, les Arabes du Batha (Tchad) : 1635-2012 Zakinet Dangbet Thèse pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur d’Aix-Marseille Université École doctorale « Espaces, Cultures, Sociétés » Discipline : Histoire Sous la direction de : Francis Simonis : Historien, Maître de conférences HDR, Aix-Marseille Université Membres du jury : Anne Marie Granet-Abisset : Historienne, Professeur, Université Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble II Mirjam de Bruijn : Anthropologue, Professeur, African Studies Center, Leiden Jacky Bouju : Anthropologue, Maître de conférences HDR, Aix-Marseille Université André Marty : Sociologue, Institut de recherches et d’applications des méthodes de développement, Montpellier Francis Simonis : Historien, Maître de conférences HDR, Aix-Marseille Université Aix-en-Provence, décembre 2015 2 3 4 Remerciements La réussite de cette thèse n’aurait pas été possible sans l’appui de l’Ambassade de France au Tchad. A ce titre, j’adresse mes remerciements aux responsables du SCAC qui ont accepté de m’accorder une bourse. Je voudrais citer : Pr. Olivier D’Hont, Sonia Safar, Jean Vignon, Philippe Boumard et Patrice Grimaud. Les mêmes remerciements sont adressés aux responsables de l’Agence Française de Développement, notamment Hervé Kahane, ancien Directeur général adjoint. J’adresse mes remerciements à mon encadreur Francis Simonis qui a accepté de diriger mes travaux. Cette tâche n’a pas été aisée, vu la dimension transversale de mon sujet. Cette attention soutenue pour ma thèse mérite reconnaissance. Je n’oublie pas qu’en 2007, Pr. Anne Marie Granet-Abisset accepta de diriger mes travaux de Master 2. -
« Réseaux Sociaux : Impact Sur La Gouvernance Électorale Au Tchad »
UNIVERSITE DE PARIS - SORBONNE (PA R I S I V ) ENA Ecole des hautes études en sciences de l'information et de la communication Ecole nationale d’administration Master Professionnel 2e année Option : COMMUNICATION DES INSTITUTIONS PUBLIQUES « Réseaux sociaux : impact sur la gouvernance électorale au Tchad » Sous la direction de Madame Françoise Boursin, Professeur émérite des Universités, CELSA Paris-Sorbonne et Monsieur Jean-Emmanuel Paillon, Directeur général délégué à l’administration, INRIA Nom et Prénom(s) : Iyakba Serge Ouambi Promotion : Louise Weiss (2016-2017) Option : Communication des Institutions Publiques Soutenu le : Mention : Note du mémoire : 1 Remerciements Je tiens à remercier tous ceux qui ont contribué à la bonne réalisation de ce mémoire : - Madame Françoise Boursin, Professeur des Universités au CELSA Paris- Sorbonne, pour le temps précieux qu’elle m’a consacré ; - Monsieur Jean-Emmanuel Paillon, Directeur général délégué à l’administration (INRIA), qui m’a pleinement fait profiter de son dynamisme et de ses qualités professionnelles ; - Madame Kim Griffin, Responsable pédagogique des Masters à l’ENA, qui me fait l’honneur de participer au jury de soutenance ; - Madame Sandrine Blaison, Responsable de la mise en œuvre des Masters à l’ENA, pour son appui multiforme ; - Madame Sarah Viguier, pour ses conseils, sa contribution et ses précieuses orientations tout au long de ce travail ; - Monsieur Matthieu Le Hello, mon camarade de promotion, qui a accepté de relire ce travail ; - Mon épouse Te-iabé Naoura et mes trois enfants Liliah, Eliel et Elsa pour leur amour et leur patience tout au long de mon absence scolaire ; - Toute ma grande famille Ouambi pour son soutien permanent et ses mots d’encouragement. -
The Chad–Sudan Proxy War and the 'Darfurization' of Chad: Myths and Reality
12 The Chad–Sudan Proxy War and the ‘Darfurization’ of Chad: Myths and Reality By Jérôme Tubiana Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Grad- uate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves as the © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2008 principal source of public information on all aspects of small arms and as a First published in April 2008 resource centre for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activists. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Department retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Belgium, permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by Canada, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. The law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- Survey is also grateful for past and current project-specific support received zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should from Australia, Denmark, and New Zealand. Further funding has been pro- be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. vided by the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, the Geneva International Academic Net- Small Arms Survey work, and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining. The Graduate Institute of International Studies Small Arms Survey collaborates with research institutes and NGOs in many 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland countries, including Brazil, Canada, Georgia, Germany, India, Israel, Jordan, Copyedited by Emily Walmsley Norway, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. -
The Contribution of the Catholic Church to Post-Civil War Conflict Resolution in Chad
Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations Student Scholarship 5-2020 The Contribution of the Catholic Church to Post-Civil War Conflict Resolution in Chad Rimasbé Dionbo Jean Claude Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/jst_dissertations Part of the Religion Commons THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH TO POST-CIVIL WAR CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN CHAD A Thesis by Rimasbé Dionbo Jean Claude presented to The Faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of the Licentiate in Sacred Theology Berkeley, California May 2020 Committee Signatures Julie Hanlon Rubio, PHD, Director Date Prof. Paul Thissen, PHD, Reader Date i Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... vi Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... viii General Introduction ..................................................................................................................... -
The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines
The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines Dear Country Expert, In this section, we distinguish between the head of state (HOS) and the head of government (HOG). • The Head of State (HOS) is an individual or collective body that serves as the chief public representative of the country; his or her function could be purely ceremonial. • The Head of Government (HOG) is the chief officer(s) of the executive branch of government; the HOG may also be HOS, in which case the executive survey only pertains to the HOS. • The executive survey applies to the person who effectively holds these positions in practice. • The HOS/HOG pair will always include the effective ruler of the country, even if for a period this is the commander of foreign occupying forces. • The HOS and/or HOG must rule over a significant part of the country’s territory. • The HOS and/or HOG must be a resident of the country — governments in exile are not listed. • By implication, if you are considering a semi-sovereign territory, such as a colony or an annexed territory, the HOS and/or HOG will be a person located in the territory in question, not in the capital of the colonizing/annexing country. • Only HOSs and/or HOGs who stay in power for 100 consecutive days or more will be included in the surveys. • A country may go without a HOG but there will be no period listed with only a HOG and no HOS. • If a HOG also becomes HOS (interim or full), s/he is moved to the HOS list and removed from the HOG list for the duration of their tenure. -
Chad: a New Conflict Resolution Framework
CHAD: A NEW CONFLICT RESOLUTION FRAMEWORK Africa Report N°144 – 24 September 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................I I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. A CRISIS OF THE STATE ........................................................................................... 2 A. 1990-2000: MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR RECONCILIATION......................................................2 B. OIL, CLIENTELISM AND CORRUPTION........................................................................................3 1. Clientelism and generalised corruption ..............................................................................3 2. The oil curse .......................................................................................................................4 C. MILITARISATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION AND POPULATION ..................................................5 D. NATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVIDES .........................................................................................6 III. THE ACTORS IN THE CRISIS................................................................................... 8 A. THE POLITICAL OPPOSITION .....................................................................................................8 1. Repression and co-option ...................................................................................................8 2. The political platform of -
2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004
Chad Page 1 of 15 Chad Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004 Chad is a centralized republic dominated by a strong presidency. Despite the country's multiparty system of government, power remains concentrated in the hands of a northern ethnic oligarchy and its allies, resulting in a culture of impunity for a ruling minority. President Idriss Deby, leader of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), has ruled since taking power in a 1990 rebellion. He was reelected President in 2001; however, fraud, widespread vote rigging, and local irregularities marred that election and the April 2002 legislative elections. On June 25, the President nominated Moussa Faki Mahamat as Prime Minister and 17 new cabinet members; the National Assembly approved the nominations. During the year, the rebel group Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJT) lost some of its strength in the northwest Tibesti region, which allowed the Government to regain some control of the territory. The Constitution mandates an independent judiciary; however, the judiciary remained ineffective, underfunded, overburdened, and subject to executive interference. The National Army (ANT), Gendarmerie (a military police force), National Police, Nomadic National Guard (GNNT), Rapid Intervention Force (FIR), Presidential Security Guard (GSP), and counterintelligence service (ANS) are responsible for internal security. On June 30, President Deby issued a decree dissolving the FIR and GSP and forming the Republican Guard, which assumed their duties. The ANT, Gendarmerie, and GNNT report to the Ministry of Defense; the FIR, GSP, and Republican Guard report directly to the Presidency; and the National Police and ANS report to the Ministry of Public Security and Immigration. -
Chad Country Report BTI 2006
Chad Status Index Management Index (Democracy: 3.53 / Market economy: 4.18) 3.86 3.25 HDI 0.341 Population 9.1 mn GDP per capita ($, PPP) 1.210 Population growth1 2.8 % Unemployment rate - Women in Parliament 6.5 % UN Education Index 0.30 Poverty2 64.0 % Gini Index - Source: UNDP: Human Development Report 2005. Figures for 2003 unless otherwise indicated. 1 Annual growth between 1975 and 2003. 2 People living below the national poverty line (1990- 2002). A. Executive summary In early 2004, Chad prepared for a referendum scheduled for June 6, 2005 on a constitutional amendment to allow President Idriss Déby a hitherto unconstitutional third term in office. Polls have been marred by irregularities since 1996; it comes as little surprise that the vote in favor of a third term was at 77%. Prior to the referendum, opposition parties had declared their intention to boycott the referendum, thus protesting the autocratic nature of the regime. Chad is not a market-based democracy. It’s political system continues to fall short of the minimum criteria for democracy—particularly in terms of stateness, political participation, rule of law, and political and social integration. The country’s economy suffers from major shortcomings, although growth rates (and inflation) have been strong since oil production began in 2003 in southern Chad. The oil windfall is perhaps the only credible economic progress observed. Neither the macroeconomic environment nor social conditions improved in the last two years. Change resulting from pressure from the IMF and World Bank has been sluggish; a special oil management regime has yet to become fully operational. -
Chronologie Non Exhaustive Des Évènements Politiques Depuis 2008
Division de l’information, de la documentation et des recherches – DIDR 2 avril 2021 Tchad : Chronologie non exhaustive des évènements politiques depuis 2008 Avertissement Ce document, rédigé conformément aux lignes directrices communes à l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information sur le pays d’origine, a été élaboré par la DIDR en vue de fournir des informations utiles à l’examen des demandes de protection internationale. Il ne prétend pas faire le traitement exhaustif de la problématique, ni apporter de preuves concluantes quant au fondement d’une demande de protection internationale particulière et ne doit pas être considéré comme une position officielle de l’Ofpra. La reproduction ou diffusion du document n’est pas autorisée, à l’exception d’un usage personnel, sauf accord de l’Ofpra en vertu de l’article L. 335-3 du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Tchad : Chronologie non exhaustive des évènements politiques depuis 2008 Table des matières 1. 2008 ................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. 2009 ................................................................................................................................................. 3 3. 2010 ................................................................................................................................................. 3 4. 2011 ................................................................................................................................................ -
Annex 51/2 ICC-02/05-03/09-HNE-39
ICC-02/05-03/09-370-Anx51/2 23-07-2012 1/5 RH T Annex 51/2 ICC-02/05-03/09-HNE-39 ICC-02/05-03/09-370-Anx51/2 23-07-2012 2/5 RH T AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL In your country: Select country '3 GO -':u\'r>-' <«j»:i^iUi Francais Espartol Annual Report 2011 fh^ ÄtxHO O' t>;?;ï ^.:i;-:ri. :•• r'\j-: ri-:: s 'od'icHco CiiObrU t}pv{:^ï- <'V'^,'u .:v :./vi<c< •<.iy ')ï.n;=iM r!yrst>* »;;;^u=>'^ ,''f'.rsi& r'?a'4ivC .ouncr/ dù^^ ^jtoîi^a^y Chad Human rights by region Background Head of state Idriss Déby Itno Eastern Chad Head of govemment Emmanuel Djelassem Nadingar (replaced Arbitrary arrests and detentions Youssouf Saleh Abbas in March) Freedom of expression - journalists Death penalty retentionist Forced evictions Population 11.6 million Children's rights - abductions Life expectancy 49.2 years Death penalty Under-5 mortality (m/0 220/201 per 1,000 Amnesty internationaf Reports Africa Adult literacy 32.7 per cent Amnesty international Visits A number of countries in Africa celebrated the 50th The political situation remained tante, especially in eastern Chad, despite normalization of relations wKh anniversary of their independence during the Sudan and peace agreements wKh leaders of some armed groups. Inter-ethnic clashes erupted and human year while others prep... rights violations were committed with almost total impunity. Civilians and humanitarian workers were killed and abducted; women and girls were victims of rape and other vtolence; and chikiren were recruited as soMiers or abducted for ransom.