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Citywide/Open Waters CSO Long Term Control Plan

Public Kickoff Meeting Lower , van Kull, Arthur Kill, and Bay

St. John’s University, March 27, 2018 Agenda

Topic Speaker

1 Welcome & Introduction Mikelle Adgate

Waterbody & Watershed Characteristics 2 Keith Mahoney and Water Quality Sampling 3 Water Quality Improvement Projects • Grey Infrastructure Keith Mahoney • Green Infrastructure Melissa Enoch LTCP Modeling & Alternative 4 Keith Mahoney Development Process

5 Next Steps Mikelle Adgate

6 Discussion and Q&A Session All

2 Welcome & Introduction

Mikelle Adgate Senior Policy Advisor DEP

3 What is a Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)?

 NYC’s sewer system is approximately 60% combined, which means it is used to convey both sanitary and storm flows.

Dry Weather Stormy Weather Conditions Conditions

Down Down Spout Spout

Catch Basin Catch Basin

Building Sewer Combined Building Sewer Combined Connection Connection Sewer Outfall Sewer Outfall

City Sewer Main City Sewer Main

Sewer Sewer Regulator Regulator

 When the sewer system is at full capacity, a mixture of rain water and sewage may be released into local waterways. This is called a combined sewer overflow (CSO).

4 How does rainfall affect CSOs?

Not every rainfall causes a CSO event: . Approximately 40% of the average rainfall events per year may trigger a CSO into the Lower East River, , or

Photo Credit: Baptisete Pons https://www.flickr.com/photos/bpt/2882285636/ 5 What is a LTCP and CSO Consent Order?

Long Term Control Plan (LTCP) identifies appropriate CSO controls to achieve applicable water quality standards consistent with the Federal CSO Policy and Clean Water Act

CSO Consent Order an agreement between NYC and DEC that settles past legal disputes without prolonged litigation DEC requires DEP to develop LTCPs and mitigate CSOs

6 LTCP Process and Public Involvement

Existing Data Alternatives Prepare Submit to Information Collection & Modeling Development DEC Review Analysis & Evaluation LTCP

Kickoff Alternatives Final Plan Meeting Meeting Review Meeting TODAY TBD TBD

ONGOING PUBLIC/STAKEHOLDER INPUT

7 LER, KVK, AK, NYB in Phase 3 Sampling

 The Citywide/Open Waters Sampling Phase 1 Sampling Hudson & Program was divided into 3 Phases

 Lower East River, Kill van Kull, Arthur Kill, and were covered under Phase 3 NC-014 Phase 3 Sampling LER, KVK, AK, NYB OH-003 Phase 2 Sampling East River OH-017 PR-031 OH-015

LTCP-02 Proposed Sampling Locations

Open Water Shoreline CSO Outfalls Monitored

8 Waterbody & Watershed Characteristics and Water Quality Sampling

Keith Mahoney, PE Director of Water Quality Planning DEP

9 Combined Sewer Drainage Areas to LER, KVK, AK, NYB

WWTP LIS and East River (acres) Lower Port Richmond 4,586 East Oakwood Beach 0 River Red Hook 2,991 Owl’s Head 9,191 Kill van Kull 6,329 Upper TOTAL 23,097 NY Bay

Arthur Kill

Lower NY Bay

10 Land Use in Combined Sewer Drainage Area LER, NYB, Residential Land Use KVK, AK Mixed Residential Residential 44% Commercial and Office Mixed Residential & Commercial 13% Industrial and Manufacturing Commercial 6% Transportation and Utility Public Facilities and Institutions Transportation & Utility 9% Open Space and Outdoor Recreation Public Facilities 12% Parking Facilities Park & Open Space 14% Vacant Land Other 2% LER, KVK, AK, NYB

Owl’s Head Park Alice Austin Park

Von Briesen Park Shore Rd. Park

South Beach Dyker Beach Midland Park Beach Wolfe’s Pond Cedar Grove Beach Beach

Seagate Beach Club

Coney Island Beach 11 LER, KVK, AK, NYB Overview 74 Outfalls CSO Volumes by Outfall Note: Preliminary Existing <50 MGY Condition Modeling results. (Total 544 MGY, OH-015 Avg 7.3 MGY) (1,189 MGY) 6 Outfalls 50-200 MGY 11% (Total 737 25% MGY, Avg 16% NCB-014 122.7 MGY) (607 MGY)

OH-017, 13% OH-003, 22% PR-031 13% (455 MGY, OH-002 400 MGY, 207 MGY) (598 MGY)

CSOCSO (86 Outfalls) 4,679 MGY

MS4MS4 2,124 MGY

OtherOther(1) 2,269 MGY

OBOB SW MS4(2) 8,476 MGY

(1) Includes direct drainage and other non-DEP stormwater MS4 Outfall (2) Oakwood Beach SW from October 2007 WWFP Modeling Report CSO Outfall (colors vary)

1212 LER, KVK, AK, NYB Overview

Legend On March 21, 2018, DEC publicly noticed a

CSO Outfalls revision to the water quality standards and classifications for certain waterbodies. Water Quality Classifications Class SA DEP is in the process of assessing attainment Class SB with the proposed standards and classifications. Class I Class SD

Goethals Bridge

Newark Bay

Upper New York Bay

St. George

Staten Island

Outerbridge Crossing Brooklyn South Beach Verrazano Bridge

Ward’s Point

Seagate

1313 Water Quality Standards and LTCP Goals CLASS SA CLASS SB CLASS I CLASS SD S h e l l f i s h B a t h i n g Boating/Fishing Boating/Fishing The best usage of Class SA The best usage of Class SB The best usage of Class I water The best usage of Class SD water are shellfishing for water are primary and is secondary contact water is fishing. These waters market purposes, primary and secondary contact recreation and fishing. These shall be suitable for fish, secondary contact recreation recreation and fishing. These waters shall be suitable for fish, shellfish and wildlife survival. and fishing. These waters shall waters shall be suitable for shellfish and wildlife propagation In addition, the water quality be suitable for fish, shellfish fish, shellfish and wildlife and survival. In addition, the shall be suitable for primary and wildlife propagation and propagation and survival. water quality shall be suitable for and secondary contact primary contact recreation, survival. recreation, although other although other factors may limit factors may limit the use for the use for this purpose. this purpose.

Dissolved Oxygen* Fecal Coliform** Total Coliform** Location Class (mg/L) (col/100 mL) (col/100 mL)

Lower NYB SA ≥ 4.8 (daily average) ≥ 3.0 (acute, never less than) Lower NYB SB Monthly Median Monthly Geometric Mean ≤ 2,400 LES, Upper NYB, ≤ 200 I ≥ 4.0 (acute, never less than) and Arthur Kill 80% ≤ 5,000 Kill van Kull, SD > 3.0 (acute, never less than) Arthur Kill  CSO LTCP Goals and Targets: *(NYCRR Part 703.3)  Seasonal Bacteria Compliance On March 21, 2018, DEC publicly noticed a **(NYCRR Part 703.4) revision to the water quality standards and  Annual Dissolved Oxygen Compliance classifications for certain waterbodies.  Time to Recovery for Bacteria of ≤ 24 hours DEP is in the process of assessing attainment  Floatables Control with the proposed standards and classifications. 1414 Ongoing Receiving Water Sampling Programs Program Harbor Survey Sentinel PVSC Citizen Monitoring Monitoring Sampling Sampling

Sampling Frequency Monthly (Oct – May) Weekly, WW events Weekly Quarterly Weekly (Apr ‘16 – Mar ‘17) (May – Oct) (Jun – Sept) EAST RIVER, KILL VAN KULL, ARTHUR KILL, NEW YORK BAY # of Sampling

Locations 12 16 11 7

Fecal

Entero

*YSI Parameters

*YSI Parameters: Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Conductivity, and Salinity.

Data is available here: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/harborwater/harbor_ water_sampling_results.shtml https://www.riverkeeper.org/water-quality/hudson- river/nyc-hudson-bergen/

1515 LTCP Sampling & Monitoring Programs

Sampling Period: 10/10/2017 – 12/9/2017 Flow Monitoring Receiving Water CSO / MS4 Sampling • 7/11/2017 – 12/31/2017 • 19 locations in LER, KVK, AK, • 5 CSO, 1 MS4 locations in LER, • 5 CSO locations in LER, NYB NYB (10 shoreline, 9 open water) KVK, NYB • Continuously monitored • Two events • 6 wet weather events • Depth & Velocity measurements • Fecal, Entero, YSI • Fecal, Entero, YSI, TSS, CBOD, Nitrogen

16 AK and KVK – Fecal Coliform LTCP2 Open Water Sampling Details LTCP2 Shoreline HSM Sampling Period # Locations # Samples (2017) SM Dry Wet CSO

LTCP Oct 10 – Dec 9 3 8 26

HSM Jan 1 – Dec 31 5 14 11

SM Jan 1 – Dec 31 5 2 2

Dry Weather Data Wet Weather Data Dry Weather Geomean Wet Weather Geomean

Arthur Kill Kill van Kull

10,000

1,0001,000

273 138 100 119 81 80

28 27 22 21 20 15 10 Fecal Coliform, cfu/100mL Coliform, Fecal 8

1 K5 K5 K4 K4 K3 K3 KVK-1/KVK-1/ KVK-2KVK-2 KVK-3/KVK-3/ 17 K2 K2 K1 K1 17 LER and NYB – Fecal Coliform LTCP2 Open Water Sampling Details LTCP2 Shoreline HSM Sampling Period # Locations # Samples (2017) SM Dry Wet CSO

LTCP Oct 10 – Dec 9 16 8 26

HSM Jan 1 – Dec 31 7 14 11

SM Jan 1 – Dec 31 11 2 2

Dry Weather Data Wet Weather Data Dry Weather Geomean Wet Weather Geomean

Lower NYB Upper NYB Lower East River 100,000

10,000

1,000

122 100 89 98 92 97 87 92 110 72 60 81 37 39 43 31 42 33 35 29 23 23 22 23 18 19 14 16 Fecal Coliform, cfu/100mL Coliform, Fecal 10 10 13 10 9 9 7 2 1 AK-1/ NYB-12/ NYB-11/ NYB-10/ NYB-9/ NYB-8/ NYB-7 NYB-6/ NYB-5/ NYB-4 NYB-3 NYB-2 N6 NYB-1/ ER-15 ER-14 ER-13/ K5A K6 S40 N9 GB1 N8 S39 N7 S18 S16 / S17 1818 AK and KVK – Enterococci

LTCP2 Open Water LTCP2 Shoreline Sampling Details HSM Sampling Period # Locations # Samples CSO (2017) Dry Wet

LTCP Oct 10 – Dec 9 3 8 26

HSM Jan 1 – Dec 31 5 14 11

Dry Weather Data Wet Weather Data Dry Weather Geomean Wet Weather Geomean

Arthur Kill Kill van Kull 10,000

1,000

100 59 39 25 22 20 Enterococci, cfu/100mL Enterococci, 10 11 9 6 4 5 4 3

1 K5 K5 K4 K4 K3 K3 KVK-1/KVK-1/ KVK-2KVK-2 KVK-3/KVK-3/ K2K2 K1 K1 1919 LER and NYB – Enterococci

LTCP2 Open Water LTCP2 Shoreline Sampling Details HSM Sampling Period # Locations # Samples CSO (2017) Dry Wet

LTCP Oct 10 – Dec 9 16 8 26

HSM Jan 1 – Dec 31 7 14 11

Dry Weather Data Wet Weather Data Dry Weather Geomean Wet Weather Geomean

Lower NYB Upper NYB Lower East River 10,000

1,000

100

21 21 20 17 15 16 17 15 14 16 Enterococci, cfu/100mL Enterococci, 10 13 13 11 8 9 7 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 AK-1/AK-1/NYB-12/ NYB-12NYB-11/ NYB-11NYB-10/ NYB-10NYB-9// NYB-9NYB-8// NYB-8NYB-7/ NYB-7NYB-6 NYB-6NYB-5/ NYB-5NYB-4/ NYB-4NYB-3 NYB-3NYB-2 NYB-2 N6N6 NYB-1NYB-1ER-15 ER-15 ER-14ER-14ER-13 ER-13 K5A K6 N9 GB1 N8 N7 20 K5A K6 N9 GB1 N8 N7 20 AK and KVK – Dissolved Oxygen

LTCP2 Open Water Sampling Details LTCP2 Shoreline Sampling Period # Locations # Samples HSM (2017) Dry Wet CSO

LTCP Oct 10 – Dec 9 3 8 26

HSM Jan 1 – Dec 31 5 28 22

Arthur Kill Kill van Kull 16.0 Dry Weather Data Wet Weather Data 14.0 Dry Weather Average Wet Weather Average

12.0

10.0

8.0 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.0 5.7

Dissolved Oxygen, mg/LOxygen, Dissolved 4.0

2.0

0.0 K5 K5 K4 K4 K3 K3 KVK-1/KVK-1/ KVK-2KVK-2 KVK-3/KVK-3/ K2 K2 K1 K1 2121 LER and NYB – Dissolved Oxygen

LTCP2 Open Water Sampling Details LTCP2 Shoreline Sampling Period # Locations # Samples HSM (2017) CSO Dry Wet

LTCP Oct 10 – Dec 9 16 8 26

HSM Jan 1 – Dec 31 7 28 22

Lower NYB Upper NYB Lower East River 16.0 Dry Weather Data Wet Weather Data 14.0 Dry Weather Average Wet Weather Average 12.0

10.0

8.0 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.5

Dissolved Oxygen, mg/LOxygen, Dissolved 4.0

2.0

0.0 AKAK-1/-1/ NYBNYB--12/ NYBNYB- -11 NYBNYB- -10/ NYBNYB- -9/ NYBNYB- -8/ NYBNYB-7 -7 NYBNYB-6 -6 NYBNYB- -5/ NYB-4NYB-4 NYBNYB-3 -3 NYBNYB-2 -2 N6N6 NYBNYB-1 -1 ERER-15-15 ER-14ER-14 ERER-13-13 K5A 12/ 11 10/ 9/ 8/ 5/ 22 K5A K6K6 N9N9 GB1GB1 N8N8 N7N7 22 LTCP2/Citizen Comparison – Enterococci

Sampling Details LTCP Citizen Sampling # # Samples CSO Period Locations Dry Wet (2017) LTCP2 Oct 10 – Oct 31 4 4 16 Citizen May 1 – Sep 31 10 13 25

LTCP2 Data Citizen Data LTCP2 Geomean Citizen Geomean

Dry Weather Wet Weather

1,000 1,000 /100mL

100 /100mL 100 cfu 45 cfu 42 31 28 22 30 22 15 10 10 12 13 10 11 13 12

2 2 2 2 Enterococci, Enterococci, 1 Enterococci, 1

2323 Preliminary Gap Analysis ≥ 95% Attainment

Notes: Preliminary Existing Conditions Gap Analysis; Attainment based on Baseline Fecal Coliform Baseline Enterococcus modeled 10-year averages. On March Recreational Recreational Recreational 21, 2019, DEC publicly noticed a Station Annual revision to the WQS and Classifications Season Monthly GM Season Season for certain waterbodies. DEP is in the ≤ 200cfu/100mL Monthly GM ≤ Monthly GM Monthly STV process of modeling attainment with 200cfu/100mL < 30cfu/100mL < 110cfu/100mL the proposed standard and classifications. KVK-1 KVK-2 Kill van Kull KVK-3 AK-1 71% NYB-12 Lower NY Bay NYB-11 NYB-10 NYB-9 NYB-8 NYB-7 NYB-6 NYB-5 Upper NY Bay NYB-4 89% NYB-3 NYB-2 NYB-1 90% ER-15 91% Lower East River ER-14 87% ER-13 86% 2424 Water Quality Improvement Projects Grey Infrastructure

Keith Mahoney, PE Director of Water Quality Planning DEP

25 Existing Grey Infrastructure Projects

Project Cost Status

1 Port Richmond WWTP Throttling Facility $4M Completed in June 2010 2 Outer Harbor CSO Regulator Improvements $4.5M Construction Completed in July 2008 3.3 Inner Harbor In-Line Storage $10M Construction Completed in April 2006 Total = $18.5M

1 2 Port Richmond WWTP Throttling Facility Regulator Improvements

26 Water Quality Improvement Projects Green Infrastructure

Melissa Enoch Program Manager, Private Incentives DEP

27 East River/Open Waters Contract Areas

Green Infrastructure Assets:  Constructed – 103  In Construction – 14  In Design – 929

28 Public Property Retrofits in East River/Open Waters P.S. 15 Roberto Clemente 333 East 4th Street,

Before After

Parks/ Public Project Status Playgrounds Schoolyards Total Preliminary 1 7 8 In Design 7 4 11 In Construction 14 0 14 Constructed 9 3 12 Total 31 14 45

29 Private Property GI Programs Green Infrastructure Grant Program • More than $14.5 million committed to date to 35 private property owners • 26 grants awarded in EROW

NYC Housing and Preservation Department Partnership • Establishing on-going funding source for GI as part of HPD new affordable housing development • 1 project in FY18, up to 5 projects in FY19 as initial investment

Ballet Tech The New School 30 ATCO Private Property GI Programs

New Private Property Retrofit Program

• Phase One Goal: retrofit 200 Greened Acres* in Tier 1 and Tier 2 sites

Privately Owned Sites in Combined Sewer Area Tier 1 – Over 100,000 sf 693

Tier 2 – 50,000-99,999 sf 896

• RFP to select Program Administrator anticipated release date: Q2 2018

• DEP will jumpstart outreach to Tier 1 and Tier 2 property owners and community organizations in 2018

*a Greened Acre is defined as 1” of rainfall on one acre of impervious surfaces or 1.5” on 0.67 acre of impervious surfaces, etc. 31

Other Private Property GI Opportunities

 2012 Stormwater Rule: In 2012, DEP amended the allowable flow rate of stormwater to the City’s combined sewer system for new and existing development. Site Connection Proposals may include green infrastructure technologies to meet the new allowable rate.

32 LTCP Modeling and Alternatives Development Process

Keith Mahoney, PE Director of Water Quality Planning DEP

33 Model Inputs and Assumptions  Landside Model calibrated based on flow monitoring data, gauge adjusted radar rainfall data, and satellite flyover impervious data  Water Quality Model calibrated with Harbor Survey and LTCP sampling data  Calibrated modeling inputs and assumptions include: • Committed CSO and BNR projects • 2040 sanitary flows and loads • JFK 2008 “Typical Year Rainfall” for Alternative Analysis • JFK 10-yr data (2001 to 2011) for baseline and selected alternatives

5-Year Moving Average LTCP Typical Year Rainfall (JFK 2008 – 46.3 inches) Standard for WWFP (JFK 1988 – 40.7 inches)

2002-2011 10-Year Water Quality Period for Selected Plan

34 CSO Control Evaluation Process

1. Bacteria Source Component Analysis

 CSO, stormwater and direct drainage Increasing CSO Sample Technologies: 2. Gap Analysis for Water Quality Standard (WQS) Attainment  Storage  Calculate bacteria and dissolved oxygen for:

. Baseline Conditions Reduction Reduction Potential . 100% CSO Control Conditions  Treatment

3. Assess Levels of CSO Control Necessary to Achieve WQS  System Optimization

4. Identify Technologies to Cost-Effectively Achieve the Required Level of CSO Control

 Source

Control

35 CSO Mitigation Toolbox

Source Control Green Infrastructure Storm Sewers

Parallel Pump Pump System Bending Weirs Fixed Weir Interceptor / Station Station Optimization Control Gates Sewer Optimization Expansion

CSO Gravity Flow Tipping Pumping Station Flow Tipping with Relocation to Other Watersheds Modification Conduit/Tunnel and Pumping

Water Quality / Floatables Environmental Ecological Wetland Restoration & Daylighting Control Dredging Enhancement Treatment Outfall High Rate Satellite: Retention Treatment Basin (RTB) Disinfection Clarification (HRC)

Centralized: WWTP Expansion

Storage In-System Shaft Tank Tunnel

36 Next Steps

Mikelle Adgate Senior Policy Advisor DEP

37 Next Steps

 Alternatives and LTCP Recommendation Meetings, TBD

 Public opportunity to review and comment on DEP’s selected alternative before the LTCP is submitted to DEC

 Comments can be submitted to: • DEP at: [email protected]

38 Additional Information & Resources

 Visit the informational tables tonight for handouts and poster boards with detailed information

 Go to www.nyc.gov/dep/ltcp to access:

• LTCP Public Participation Plan • Presentation, handouts and poster boards from this meeting • Links to Waterbody/Watershed Facility Plans • CSO Order including LTCP Goal Statement • NYC’s Green Infrastructure Plan • Green Infrastructure Pilots 2011 and 2012 Monitoring Results • NYC Waterbody Advisory Program • Upcoming meeting announcements • Other LTCP updates

39