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Wetlands of Staten Island, New York: Valuable Vanishing Urban Wildlands

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Wetlands of Staten Island, New York: Valuable Vanishing Urban Wildlands • • • Acknowledgments THIS BOOKLET 1 5 THE PRODU C T OF THE WORK OF MANY individuals. While based on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National W etlands Inventory (NWI), this booklet would not have been produced with­ out the support and cooperation from the U.S. Envirorunental Protection Agency (EPA). Mario Paula served as project coordinator for the wetlands inventory and D an Montella was project coordinator for the preparation of this booklet. Ralph Tiner coordinated the effort for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Data compiled from the NWI serve as the foundation for much of this rcport. Information on the wetland status for this area is the result of hard work by Glenn Smith (FWS) who photointerpreted the aerial photographs. Qyality control was provided by the National Wetlands Inventory Center (NWIC) at St. Petersburg, Florida. Field review of draft maps was provided by the following individuals and organizations: Margaret Gargiullo and M arc Matsil (New York City Parks & Recreation, Natural Resources Group); Ralph Tiner and David Edelstein (FWS), Patrick Nejand, Doug Adamo, and San­ dra Creamer (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), D an Montella, Mario Paula, Ericka Petrovich, John Cantilli, Mary Anne Thiesing, -Kathleen Drake, Bob Montgomerie, Dave Pohle, and Karen Sullivan (EPA); Bill W oods and Omei Medford Ryan (NYC Department of City Planning); D orrie Rosen (Staten Island Bluebelt); Richard Lynch (Sweetbay M agnolia Bioreserve Conservan­ cy); Ellen Hartig, Howard Snyder, Ann Litke, and Eymund Diegel (New York City Audubon Society's Wetlands Committee); Ray Matarazzo and Ed Johnson (Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences); Bonnie Petite, Olga Frederico, and John Rooney (Protectors of Pine Oak Woods). The contribu­ tions of these people improved the final results of the inventory. Final edits to the draft maps were done by Glenn Smith. NWIC produced fmal maps and digital data for this project. Special thanks to Don Woodard, Greg Pipkin, Becky Stanley, and Kurt Snider. Matt Starr and Gabe DeAllesio (FWS) assisted in preparing acreage summaries and some of the graphics used in the booklet. The booklet was designed by Craig Malone. Several individuals and organizations were instrumental in assisting widl the NWI and in providing information referenced in this report: New York City Audubon Society, Ellen Hartig, Mario Paula, Luis H ernandez (V.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service), Dana Gumb (NYCD EP), Pat Riexinger (New York State Department ofEnvironmefltal Conservation), Ray Matarazzo, Ellen Pratt (Protectors of Pine Oak Woods), Margaret Gargiullo, Marc Matsil, Michael Feller (NYC Parks & Recreation, Narural Resources Group), Carl Alderson (NYC Parks & Recreation, Salt Marsh Restoration Team), and HowJ.rd Snyder (Mariners Marsh Conservancy). I also wish to thank people who have contributed photographs for use in this publication. Photo credits are shown for each photo, except for those taken by the author. The booklet was reviewed by several people including Kathleen D rake, Mario Paula, Dan Montella, and Robert Nyman (EPA); Tom Snow, Steve Zahn, Andrew Finton, and Troy Weldy (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation); Sue Essig, John Swords, and G lenn Smith (FWS); Ellen Pratt (Protectors of Pine Oak Woods); Ellen Hartig; M argaret Gargiullo, Marc Matsil, and Carl Alderson (NYC Parks & Recreation). This report should be cited as follows: Tiner, R W 2000. Wetlands of Staten Islaml, New York. Valuable Vanishing Urban Wild/ands. US. Fish and Wildl[fo Service, Ecologiml Services, Northeast Region, Hadley, MA. Prepared for Us. Euviron­ mental Protection Agency, Regio1J II, New York, NY. Cooperative National Wet­ lands Inventory Publicatioll.19 pt. I Wetlands of Staten Island, New York Valuable Vanishing Urban Wetlands RALPH W. TINER Regional Wetland Coordinator U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 0 I 035 A Cooperative Notional Wetlands Inventory Publication with Funding Support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1 January 2000 Contents Preface ii What Are Wetlands? 1 Werland, Map' 7 Wetlands Inventory Acreage Summaries 8 General Distribution ofWetJands and Deepwater Habitats 9 Why Aso Worland, Worth Saving? 10 How Are Wetlands Changing? 14 How fue Wetlands Being Protected? 15 What Else Can Be Done to Protect and Restore Wetlands? 18 Wetland Resource Guide 19 Copies of this booklet may be obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Protection Section, Region II, 290 Broadway, New York, NY 10007-1866 CQ\oR: Main Creek at low tide SACK COVER: Sunset O'VCr Saw Mill Creek at high tide 1 Although the infonm.tion in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmcnt'al Protection Agency under assistance agreement DW14941821-0l-0 to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser­ vice, ir may nor nCC«S3rily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Preface THIS REPORT IS BA SED LARGELY ON A mapping wetlands due to the quality and scale of wetlands invemory of Staten Island (Richmond the aerial photos. County), New York conducted by the U.S. Fish The inventory was designed to determine the and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inven­ status of wetlands and deepwater habitats on Stat­ tory (NWI) Program. The NWl is producing en Island (Richmond County). The inventory wetland maps and statistical information on the answers a few questions, including: (1) how much status and trends of the Nation's wetlands. To wetland acreage exists on the Island?, (2) where are date, wetland maps have been produced for wetlands most abundant?, and (3) what types are approximately 90 percent of the coterminous most common? The inventory results are present­ United States (lower 48 states). The earliest NWl ed in a series oflarge-scale (1:24,000) maps (iden­ maps are based on 1970s aerial photography and titying the location, type, and shape of most wet­ need updating, while the newest maps are com­ lands larger than 1 acre in size), a digit'J.! map data­ piled from 1990s photography. The NWI was ini­ base, and this booklet. The updated inventory uti­ tiated to provide government agencies and the lized 1994/95 aerial photography to map wetlands. American public with information on the current Wetlands were classified to various types, includ­ status of wetlands to aid in resource decision-mak­ ing emergent, scrub-shrub, and fo rested wetlands. ing. Wetlands provide many important functions Copies of individual maps may be ordered from: (e.g., flood storage, water quality protection, Cornell Institute for Resource Information Sys­ shoreline stabilization, and habitat for many fish tems (IRIS), Resource Information Laboratory, and wildlife) and are among the nation's most 302 Rice HaU, Cornell University, Ithaca, New valuable natural resources. Since European colo­ York 14853, (607) 255-4864 or 255-6520. nization, the coterminous U.S. has lost more than This booklet summarizes the results of the half of its original wetlands. Further loss or degra­ wetlands inventory for Staten Island. It provides dation of remaining wetlands will jeopardize wet­ brief descriptions of the area's wetlands, their dis­ land functions and the values they provide society. tribution, and their values. 1n addition, the book­ The wetlands survey for Staten Island was com­ let presents information on wetland changes, pro­ pleted by the NW1 with support from EPA tection and restoration, plus recommendations to Region II. It is an update of earlier NWI mapping improve management and conservation of wet­ based on 1970s 1:80,000 black and white photog­ lands and lists of resource agencies and additional raphy. This earlier survey was very conservative in readings. Spring Pom/, with white water lily and soft rush (right/o regroll11(I) in bloom . ••n What Are Wetlands? VVETLAND S ARE LA N DS THAT ARE W etlands are lands transi tional between ter­ flooded or saturated at or near the ground surface restrial and aquatic systems where the water for varying periods during the year. The term table is usually at or near the surface or the "wetland" is derived from two words, "wet" and land is covered by shallow water. For purposes of this classification wetlands must have one "land." This implies that wetlands are lands that or more of the following three attributes: (1) at are at least periodically wct enough to limit uses of least periodically, the land supports predomi­ the land (e.g., usually can't farm wirhou( draining nantly hydrophytes; (2) the substrate is pre­ and can't build without fUlin g). Wetlands are the dominantly undraiJled hydric soil; and (3) the collection of wet environments that occur on the substra te is nonsoil and is sarurated with water landscape. They include salt marshes, inland or covered by shallow water at some time dur­ freshwater marshes, wet meadows, swamps, bogs, ing the growing season of each year.2 vernal pools, and seasonally inundated floodplains. Ponds and the shallow water zones of lakes are This definition focuses on three attributes: (1) also considered wetlands, while the deeper zones the degree of flooding or soil saruration (wetland (more than 6.6 feet) arc classified as deepwater hydrology); (2) wetland vegetation (hydrophyres) ; habitats. and (3) wet soils (hydric soils). All areas considered The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, with wetlands must frequently have an excess of water wide scientific peer review, developed a technical for sufficient duration to stress plants
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